FLAKKA-alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP, alpha-PVP, O-2387, β-ketone-prolintane, Prolintanone) is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s. It is chemically related to pyrovalerone and is the ketoneanalog of prolintane.[1] It is used as a recreational drug.[2]

Mechanism of action[edit]

The mechanism of action is unknown for α-PVP. It is believed to act similarly to the designer drugMDPV, which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI),[3] although no substantial research on this compound has been conducted.

Toxicology[edit]

α-PVP has been reported to be the cause or a significant contributory cause of death in suicides and polydrug overdoses.[4][5] α-PVP has also been linked to at least one death where it was combined with pentedrone and caused heart failure.[6]

Legal status[edit]

α-PVP is a Schedule I drug in New Mexico, Delaware, Oklahoma, and Virginia. On January 28, 2014, the US DEA listed it, along with 9 other synthetic cathinones, on the Schedule 1 with a temporary ban, effective February 27, 2014.[7] The drug was explicitly made illegal in New South Wales after it was illegally marketed with the imprimatur of erroneous legal advice that it was not encompassed by analog provisions of the relevant act. It is encompassed by those provisions, and therefore has been illegal for many years in New South Wales. The legislative action followed the death of two individuals from using it; one jumping off a balcony, another having a heart attack after a state of delirium.[8]

Marketing[edit]

α-PVP is sometimes the active ingredient in recreational drugs sold as "bath salts".[9] It may also be distinguished from "bath salts" and sold under a different name: "flakka", a name used in Florida, or "gravel" in other parts of the U.S. It is typically manufactured in China, India, or Pakistan and repackaged in gram packets in the U.S., and it is possible to mix it with higher-priced drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine. It is reportedly available as cheaply as USD $5 per "hit", and a laboratory for one county in Florida has reported a steady rise in α-PVP detections, from none in seized drugs in January–February 2014 to 84 in September 2014.[10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^Sauer, Christoph; Peters, Frank T.; Haas, Claudia; Meyer, Markus R.; Fritschi, Giselher; Maurer, Hans H. (2009). "New designer drug α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques". Journal of Mass Spectrometry44 (6): 952. doi:10.1002/jms.1571. PMID 19241365
  2. ^"SOFT Designer Drug Committee Monographs: Alpha-PVP". Society of Forensic Toxicologists. September 13, 2013. 
  3. ^Meltzer, P. C.; Butler, D; Deschamps, J. R.; Madras, B. K. (2006). "1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: A promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry49 (4): 1420–32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954. PMID 16480278
  4. ^Marinetti, L. J.; Antonides, H. M. (2013). "Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: Method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results". Journal of Analytical Toxicology37 (3): 135–46. doi:10.1093/jat/bks136. PMID 23361867
  5. ^Waugh et al. (2013). "Deaths Involving the Recreational Use of α-PVP (α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone)". AAFS Proceedings. Abstract K16. 
  6. ^Sykutera, M.; Cychowska, M.; Bloch-Boguslawska, E. (2015). "A Fatal Case of Pentedrone and -Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Poisoning". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv011
  7. ^"2014 Rules, DEA/DOJ Diversion Control"
  8. ^Olding, Rachel. "'Bath salts' death: lethal drug was a top seller". The Sydney Morning Herald. 
  9. ^Olding, Rachel. "'Bath salts' death: lethal drug was a top seller". The Sydney Morning Herald. 
  10. ^Tonya Alvarez (2015-04-02). "Flakka: Rampant designer drug dubbed '$5 insanity'". Sun Sentinel. 
 
 
 
 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone