A licensed vaccine or therapeutic against MERS-CoV remains unavailable to date.
•The S protein plays a pivotal role for virus entry and thus is an ideal target for vaccine and antiviral development.
•DNA vaccines expressing the S protein merit further development for potential human application.
•nAbs and peptides targeting the S protein needs to be evaluated in NHPs before clinical trials.
The disease outbreak caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is still ongoing in the Middle East. Over 1700 people have been infected since it was first reported in September 2012. Despite great efforts, licensed vaccines or therapeutics against MERS-CoV remain unavailable. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is an important viral antigen known to mediate host-receptor binding and virus entry, as well as induce robust humoral and cell-mediated responses in humans during infection. In this review, we highlight the importance of the S protein in the MERS-CoV life cycle, summarize recent advances in the development of vaccines and therapeutics based on the S protein, and discuss strategies that can be explored to develop new medical countermeasures against MERS-CoV.
Coronavirus
MERS-CoV
Spike protein
Vaccines
Therapeutics
Animal models
View Abstract© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.