S14 (Ukrainian group) - Wikipedia

Ukrainian far-right organization

S14, also known as C14 or Sich[1] (Ukrainian: Січ , romanized: С14 ), is a neo-Nazi,[2][3][4] Ukrainian nationalist group founded in 2010.[5] In 2018, it gained notoriety for its involvement in violent attacks on Romani camps.[6][7][8] S14 stated that it is only involved in removing illegal Romani camps using "compelling legitimate arguments".[9]

History [ edit ]

S14 was founded in 2010 as the youth wing of the ultranationalist political party Svoboda.[1] S14 was one of the far-right groups active during the Euromaidan movement (November 2013 – February 2014).[1][10][11] They were involved with skirmishes with the violent pro-government supporters known as titushky.[1] In November 2017, the group was added to the political violence database of Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium.[1][5] In 2018, alongside the Azov Battalion's National Corps party, S14 was recognized by the United States Department of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor as a nationalist hate group.[12][13][14] S14 shares the Azov Battalion's and Social-National Assembly's neo-Nazi aims.[14][nb 1] In OpenDemocracy, Denys Gorbach commented that "C14 combine generic 'healthy patriotic' message with subtler hints which can be easily deciphered by members of the subculture (such as the symbolic date of the Roma pogrom on Hitler's birthday or indeed the very name of the organisation)".[14][15]

In 2017, S14 was accused by anti-war,[16][17] left-wing activist Stas Serhiyenko of having been involved in his stabbing.[18][19][20] The day after the attack, S14 leader Yevhen Karas  [uk] accused Serhiyenko of having supported the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Kharkiv Oblast and annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, and stated that the attack was "far from the first, but not the last, attack on the bacilli of terrorism, hidden in the midst of peaceful Ukrainian streets".[21] In November 2017, S14 was accused by former member Dmytro Riznychenko  [uk] to have cooperated with the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU),[22] and Karas openly boasted about it.[2][23]

In January 2018, S14 counter-protested the annual demonstration commemorating Anastasia Baburova and Stanislav Markelov, two murdered Russian anti-fascists, by shouting the demonstrators down and attacking them with eggs and snowballs;[24] the demonstration has been an annual target of the far right.[15][25] In March 2018, the Holosiivskyi District of Kyiv signed an agreement allowing to establish a municipal guard headed by a S14 representative to patrol the capital city's streets.[18] This decision was criticized by human rights groups commenting that "Ukraine is sinking into a chaos of uncontrolled violence posed by radical groups and their total impunity. Practically no one in the country can feel safe under these conditions."[2] As in some cases the police arrested peaceful demonstrators rather than the violent perpetrators, such as the January 2018 violence and March 2018 far-right attacks against the International Women's Day marchers, they said that far-right groups, among them S14, were acting under "a veneer of patriotism" and "traditional values", and were allowed by the police and the state to operate under an "atmosphere of near total impunity that cannot but embolden these groups to commit more attacks".[2][26][27]

In June 2018, S14 gained international notoriety after reports it was being involved in violent attacks on Romani camps.[6][8][28] After one such alleged attack in May 2018, Kyiv Police released a statement it had not received complaints from Roma for beatings or violence.[29] The day after the attack, Karas posted a blog entry entitled "Separatist Safari", taking responsibility for the assault. He made threats "on the germs of terrorists hiding in the peaceful Ukrainian streets".[30] Amnesty International, Freedom House, Front Line Defenders, and Human Rights Watch signed a "Joint Letter to Ukraine's Minister of Interior Affairs and Prosecutor General Concerning Radical Groups" citing S14, alongside Karpatska Sich, Right Sector, Traditsii i Poryadok, and others, to "have carried out at least two dozen violent attacks, threats, or instances of intimidation in Kyiv, Vinnitsa, Uzhgorod, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk and other Ukrainian cities".[2][31] On 14 June 2018, Hromadske Radio reported that Ukraine's Ministry of Youth and Sports was funding S14 to promote "national patriotic education projects", for which the group was awarded almost $17,000.[32] S14 also awarded funds to far-right linked Educational Assembly and Holosiyiv Hideout.[2]

In October 2018, Serhiy Bondar, a young organizer with S14, spoke at an event focused on community safety at the America House Kyiv, which later stated that the invitation was not arranged with them. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFERL) correspondent Christopher Miller described it as "disturbing".[33] On 19 November 2018, S14 and fellow far-right Ukrainian nationalist political organizations, among them the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, and Right Sector, endorsed Ruslan Koshulynskyi in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election.[34] where he received 1.6% of the votes.[35] In March 2019, a cooperation between S14 and the SBU was announced; the SBU instructed S14 to perform certain tasks that the SBU could not perform for legal reasons.[36] In March 2021, S14 members were elected to the Public Council at the country's Ministry for Veterans Affairs,[37][38] with whom the group, alongside Azov, has partnered since November 2019; far-right groups and leaders were involved in shaping the ministry, which was formed in November 2018.[39]

On 17 October 2019, an event was arranged by far-right figure Andriy Medvedko  [uk] , who chairs an organization for veterans of the war in Donbass linked to S14 and is a suspect in the murder of journalist Oles Buzina; the event, a concert attended by, among others, neo-Nazi and Holocaust-denying band Sokyra Peruna  [uk] , was also attended by then-government ministers, among them Prime Minister Oleksiy Honcharuk and minister Oksana Koliada.[40][41][42] Following harsh criticism, Honcharuk justified his presence stating that many different bands had attended the event and that he had visited the place following an invitation from a veteran group, not because he is a fan of Sokyra Peruna.[43]

Image [ edit ]

S14 (as spelled in the Ukrainian alphabet) says it resembles Sich (Ukrainian: Січ ), the name given to the administrative and military centres for Cossacks in the 16–18th century.[1][44] Experts and the Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium have reported that the number 14 in the group's name has been seen as a reference to the Fourteen Words slogan coined by David Lane,[45][nb 2] an American white supremacist.[1][5][18] Academic Anton Shekhovtsov has defined the organization as a "neo-Nazi movement",[46] while sociologist Volodymyr Ishchenko  [uk] described it as "a neo-Nazi terror group ... whose major activity is harassing and terrorizing opposition journalists, bloggers, and citizens".[47]

S14 leader Yevhen Karas  [uk] has defended himself from attacks calling him a Nazi and his group being neo-Nazi.[1][48][49] According to Karas, his confrontations were mainly with non-Ukrainian ethnic groups that he said controlled the country's political and economic forces, whom he identified as Jews, Poles, and Russians.[1] He stated: "We don't consider ourselves a neo-Nazi organization, we're clearly Ukrainian nationalists."[1] In 2018, former member Dmytro Riznychenko  [uk] told Radio Svoboda: "C14 are all neo-Nazis. It's quite an appropriate definition."[45] In May 2018, Hromadske wrote: "Most of C14's actions do seem to be directed at Russia, or those sympathetic towards Russia."[1] Political scientist Andreas Umland said that S14 "could qualify as neo-Nazi",[1] as did Vyacheslav Likhachev  [uk] ,[50] author of the 2018 Freedom House report on the far right in Ukraine,[45] and other far-right researchers or political scientists like Chris Kaspar De Ploeg,[51] Anna Hrytsenko  [uk] ,[52] Ivan Katchanovski,[53][54] and Branislav Radelic.[55] Likhachev said that S14 members decorated the captured Kyiv City State Administration's building during the Euromaidan with neo-Nazi symbolism and flags, which they continue to use.[49] In June 2018, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty reported that members of the group had openly expressed neo-Nazi views.[6] After one member updated his Facebook image to that of him speaking at America House Kyiv, Halya Coynash wrote an article titled "Neo-Nazi C14 vigilantes appear to work with Kyiv police in latest 'purge' of Roma in Ukraine".[33][52]

On 6 August 2019, the Commercial Court of Kyiv ruled in favour of S14 after a 4 May 2018 tweet from Hromadske, which appealed,[56] referred to the group as neo-Nazi.[45] After the ruling, Hromadske published "The Neo-Nazis Who Don't Want to Be Called Neo-Nazis", reporting: "The court noted that the information circulated by Hromadske back in May 2018 ' harms the reputation ' of C14 and ordered Hromadske to refute the information and pay 3,500 hryvnia ($136) in court fees to C14. Hromadske maintains that it has the right to use such terminology."[45][57] The ruling was criticized by human rights groups, journalists, and both national and international observers,[58] with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media expressing concern because it "goes against #mediafreedom and could discourage journalistic work" in Ukraine.[45] International news outlets like Al Jazeera,[59] Bellingcat,[42] La Croix,[60] The Economist,[11] The Guardian,[61] Haaretz,[62][63] The Nation,[64] Reuters,[65] Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,[66] and The Washington Post,[67] as well as the Parliament of the United Kingdom,[68] and human rights organizations like the European Roma Rights Centre,[69] Hope not Hate,[70] the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group,[52][71][72] PEN Ukraine,[73] ROMEA  [cs] ,[74] and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,[75] among others, have referred to S14 as a neo-Nazi group.[45][76] The ruling of the Commercial Court of Kyiv was upheld on 7 November 2019. The day prior, Matthew Schaaf, the director of Freedom House in Ukraine, said that the ruling "could seriously damage media coverage of important events in Ukraine in conditions where many media and journalists already apply self-censorship".[77] After the ruling, critics argued that it was not sufficient that neo-Nazi is offensive, it must also be false, which the court did not establish because it ignored the views of experts.[78] On 21 January 2020, the Supreme Court of Ukraine rejected Hromadske's appeal, and the case was taken to the European Court of Human Rights.[79]

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ "Its aims are stated in one of their online publications:
    • 'to prepare Ukraine for further expansion and to struggle for the liberation of the entire White Race from the domination of the internationalist speculative capital';
    • 'to punish severely sexual perversions and any interracial contacts that lead to the extinction of the white man'. This, according to experts, is a typical neo-Nazi narrative. C-14 holds roughly the same view ... ."[14]
  2. ^ Lane coined the 14-word slogan, which reads: "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."[5]

References [ edit ]

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  3. ^ Coynash, Halya (25 October 2018). "Neo-Nazi C14 vigilantes appear to work with Kyiv police in latest 'purge' of Roma". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group . Retrieved 5 March 2022 . C14 members object to being called 'neo-Nazi', however researchers following far-right groups, like Anna Hrytsenko, Anton Shekhovtsov and Vyacheslav Likhachev are clear that the group fits this description because of their hate crimes and the neo-Nazi symbols they use.
  4. ^ "Yes, It's (Still) OK To Call Ukraine's C14 'Neo-Nazi' ". Bellingcat. 9 August 2019 . Retrieved 26 February 2022 . The Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, in an article published the day after the ruling, points out that C14 is 'considered by most experts to be neo-Nazi.' The Group points out that a number of experts and observers of the far-right in Ukraine frequently have referred to C14 as 'neo-Nazi.' These experts and observers include Vyacheslav Likhachev, the author of a 2018 Freedom House report on the far-right in Ukraine, as well as academics Anton Shekhovtsov and Andreas Umland.
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  19. ^ "V Kiyeve napali na uchastnika 'aktsii s tortom' protiv otmeny stipendiy" В Киеве напали на участника 'акции с тортом' против отмены стипендий [In Kiev, a participant of a 'cake action' against the abolition of scholarships was attacked]. Strana.ua (in Ukrainian). 23 April 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017 . Retrieved 4 March 2022 .
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  22. ^ "Lidera radikal'nykh natsionalistov iz S14 obvinili v sotrudnichestve s SBU" Лидера радикальных националистов из С14 обвинили в сотрудничестве с СБУ [The leader of radical nationalists from C14 was accused of collaborating with the SBU]. Kapital (in Russian). 2 November 2017 . Retrieved 9 March 2022 .
  23. ^ "S14. Kto oni i pochemu im pozvoleno bit' lyudey" С14. Кто они и почему им позволено бить людей [C14. Who they are and why they are allowed to hit people]. LIGA.net  [uk] (in Russian). 15 November 2017 . Retrieved 15 March 2022 .
  24. ^ Hreys, Yevheniya (19 January 2018). "Chleny S14 namahalysya zirvaty aktsiyu pam'yati pravozakhysnykiv Markelova i Baburovoyi" Члени С14 намагалися зірвати акцію пам'яті правозахисників Маркелова і Бабурової [C14 members tried to disrupt a rally in memory of human rights activists Markelov and Baburova] (in Ukrainian). Hromadske . Retrieved 4 March 2022 .
  25. ^ Gorbach, Denis; Petik, Oles (15 February 2016). "The rise of Azov". OpenDemocracy . Retrieved 27 February 2022 .
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  27. ^ "Ukraine: Authorities Should Respond to Attacks Targeting Peaceful Demonstrations". Freedom House. 13 March 2018 . Retrieved 15 March 2022 .
  28. ^ "Joint Letter to Ukraine's Minister of Interior Affairs and Prosecutor General Concerning Radical Groups". Human Rights Watch. 14 June 2018 . Retrieved 7 March 2022 . On April 20, about five members of C14, a radical group that promotes hatred and discrimination, acting in their capacity as municipal patrols of the Holoseevsky City District, attacked a Roma settlement in Kyiv. A widely circulated video shows how the masked attackers chased women and small children with rocks and pepper spray after burning down their tents. Two criminal investigations have been launched, but we are not aware of any results.
  29. ^ "Kryshchenko: Na Lysiy hori pid chas subotnyka spalyly smittya, a ne tabir romiv" Крищенко: На Лисій горі під час суботника спалили сміття, а не табір ромів [Kryshchenko: On the hill of Lysa Hora, garbage was burned during the volunteer clean-up, and not the Roma camp] (in Ukrainian). 112 Ukraine. 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018 . Retrieved 4 March 2022 .
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  68. ^ "Reporting of Ukraine by the BBC". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 30 October 2017 . Retrieved 5 March 2022 . That this House is deeply concerned by the reporting by the BBC of the Kiev-based organisation C14, a far right organisation with neo-Nazi origins; considers the reporting of C14 activities fails to uphold BBC editorial values; is further concerned that the BBC has afforded a degree of legitimacy to C14, allowing it to disguise itself as a nationalist organisation engaged in reasonable activities designed to defend Ukrainian sovereignty; believes that the BBC has failed to apply due rigour in failing to report on the known history of violence by C14, including attacks on the LGBT community, violence against ethnic minorities, journalists and trade unionists and an attack on a police officer using a grenade during Kiev Pride; expresses deep concern at reporting of C14 activities as educational conversation and petty hooliganism; and calls on the BBC to uphold the values and standards expected by licence fee payers in the reporting on Ukraine.
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Further reading [ edit ]

External links [ edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)