• Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 16th 2019, Episode number 18

• Shero to Zero

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• Moe and Adam do what no other mainstream publication or broadcast has done: deconstructing what went wrong with the Kamala Harris Campaign

• Shownotes
  • Rickey Smiley - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 14:48
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    • Broderick "Rickey" Smiley (born August 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and radio personality, known for his prank phone calls. The calls feature Smiley disguising his voice and carrying on a conversation with the recipient of the call. He is the host of the nationally syndicated Rickey Smiley Morning Show based in Atlanta from its flagship affiliate WHTA "Hot 107.9". Smiley has starred in sitcom The Rickey Smiley Show, which aired on TV One. He is also a featured columnist on the Fox-produced tabloid nationally-syndicated show Dish Nation. In 2015, Smiley started appearing on Rickey Smiley For Real, a reality television series about his life.
    • Smiley became a member of Omega Psi Phi through the Psi Rho graduate chapter.[1]
    • Career [ edit ] Smiley appeared as the host of the 2000 season of BET's "ComicView" program. He has also appeared on "Showtime at the Apollo", HBO's "Def Comedy Jam", HBO's "Snaps", "The Nashville Network", "Uptown Comedy Club", and "Comic Escape". His original comedy routines often feature the role-play of fictional characters such as "Bernice Jenkins" (AKA Granny Swims, Ms. Johnson or Mrs. Francis), "Lil' Daryl", "Rusty Dale" and "Beauford". Bernice Jenkins has a grandson named Rufus, who's a stereotype of the modern day "Gangsta". He is referenced in "Two Of My Toes Fell Off" and another prank phone call where Smiley calls a pharmacy.
    • Smiley became the morning show personality for radio station KBFB in Dallas, Texas in April 2004. The show features the trademark prank calls, as well as news, information and the latest hip hop music. In 2008, Smiley signed a deal with Syndication One (a syndicated radio division of Radio One) to take the show nationwide, and The Rickey Smiley Morning Show is now heard on a number of mainstream urban radio stations. Syndication One merged into Reach Media in 2013.[2]
    • He has also released several humorous songs based on his bits, such as "Roll Tide" featuring his redneck character Buford, and "We Miss Robert", based on a routine of his in which a friend of a deceased drug dealer performs a rap song called "We Miss Robert" at the funeral, which is actually a song about a woman, performed in hopes of landing a record deal.
    • Smiley had a starring role in Ice Cube's Friday After Next.
    • He also appeared in All About the Benjamins as an informant of Ice Cube's character, Snitch Mitch. His appearance can be viewed in a deleted scene in the special features of the DVD.
    • Prank calls [ edit ] Some of Smiley's most notable calls include:
    • "Buried Alive" - Smiley plays a narcoleptic who works at a funeral home and "fell asleep in one of these caskets" who calls a cemetery claiming that "they done buried me alive" and insists he is calling from inside a casket on his cell phone. He then requests that someone come and "dig all these graves open"."Come Over" - in a bit of a reverse prank (similar to the ones the Jerky Boys innovated), a hapless caller known as "K.D." calls a Smiley character named "Gina", a woman who initially entices him with statements like "I'm just 'bout to go crazy over here" and "I want you to come over and hurt me" before revealing she is a hermaphrodite ("that means I got both genitals"). K.D. assures Gina he is "still comin'", which prompts her to up the stakes by announcing that "my grandmama over here too...she a real freak." K.D. then speaks to the grandmother who demands "I want you to scrub my head to the white meat" and wants to know "what kind of draws you got on.""Uncle Melvin" - Smiley prank calls his uncle, as a man who believes his girlfriend has left him, and who punctuates every remark with the word "dawg" ("Is my girl over there dawg...tell her I love her, dawg")."Churches" - Smiley plays two characters in this call, both of whom call Church's Chicken. One is an elderly lady who mistakes Church's for a "church" (e.g. wants to know "what time do y'all start service" and asks "who is y'all's pastor", and "well when d y'all have Sunday school?"); when informed that she has called a restaurant, asks "Don't the chicken belong to the church?" The other caller is "Willie", who claims to be a heavyset man with a thyroid problem ("I can't get out the house no more"), and who asks for a rundown of the menu ("Is y'all okra fried, or is it all slimy in the pot, like grandmama used to make") and who constantly requests delivery of food to his house."Pray For Me" - Using his "Granny" voice again, Smiley calls "Miss Ola Mae Benton Carter Jackson Glenn", and asks her to pray for a member of her church, who had been:stabbedinvolved in an ambulance crashhit by a trainhad a leg cut off by the Jaws of Lifeshot "in the right eye"Smiley then gets the woman to lead her in several verses of "Walk With Me, Lord", each verse increasing in silliness."She P-E-E-D" - Smiley prank calls an elderly woman using his "Granny" voice; the aftermath of the call causes the woman to laugh so hard that she ends up urinating on herself."Is My Daddy Over There" - Smiley plays Lil' Daryl and his brother Brandon as they call a lady claiming their father was supposed to return home with milk for their cereal. The brothers ask the lady what she has cooked for dinner over there as she ultimately hangs up on them in frustration."Whose Funeral is Today?" - Smiley uses his "Granny" voice and calls a funeral home, asking for her deceased neighbor named Wilbert Smith. She learns that he was cremated and she was oblivious to his death, screaming out in agony when the funeral director repeats that he was cremated. The lady then asks who they are burying this week and offers to go to that funeral to make up for missing Wilbert's. The man tells her that the person they are burying is Hattie Mae Barkley, as she screams out again in agony as it is another person she knows.Filmography [ edit ] Sweet Hideaway 2003FratHouse 2013BET's Comic View (1992)Def Comedy Jam: All Stars Vol. 11 (1999)BET Comedy Awards (2004)Super Secret Movie Rules: Sports Underdogs (2004)All about the Benjamins (2002)Friday After Next (2002)Airline (2004''05)Comedy Central Presents (2006)First Sunday (2007)Rickey Smiley: Live From Atlanta (2011)Dish Nation (2012''present)The Rickey Smiley Show (2012''14)Baggage Claim (2013)Rickey Smiley For Real (2015''present)Discography [ edit ] To date, Smiley has released six albums of his prank calls:
    • The Best of Comedian Rickey Smiley Vol. IRickey Smiley: Prank Calls Vol. IIRickey Smiley: Vol. IIIRickey Smiley "Off The Hook Volume 4"Rickey Smiley: Vol. VRickey Smiley: Vol. 6See also [ edit ] Tube Bar prank callsReferences [ edit ] External links [ edit ] Official SiteOfficial Morning Show SiteKBFB Radio, home of Rickey's weekday morning showhttp://www.bvbuzz.com/2010/04/12/rickey-smiley-raising-10-kids/http://tv.broadwayworld.com/article/TV-Ones-THE-RICKEY-SMILEY-SHOW-to-Premiere-918-20120802Rickey Smiley on IMDb
  • Tiger Woods - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 14:26
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    • American golfer
    • Tiger WoodsPersonal informationFull nameEldrick Tont WoodsNicknameTigerBorn ( 1975-12-30 ) December 30, 1975 (age 43) Cypress, CaliforniaHeight6 ft 1 in (185 cm)[1]Weight185 lb (84 kg)[1]Nationality United StatesResidenceJupiter Island, FloridaSpouseChildren2CareerCollegeStanford University(two years)Turned professional1996Current tour(s)PGA Tour (joined 1996)Professional wins109[2]Highest ranking1 (June 15, 1997)[3](683 weeks)Number of wins by tourPGA Tour82 (T-1st all time)European Tour41 (3rd all time)[notes 1][4]Japan Golf Tour3Asian Tour1PGA Tour of Australasia1Other16Best results in major championships(wins: 15)Masters TournamentWon: 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2019PGA ChampionshipWon: 1999, 2000, 2006, 2007U.S. OpenWon: 2000, 2002, 2008The Open ChampionshipWon: 2000, 2005, 2006Achievements and awardsPGA TourRookie of the Year1996PGA Player of the Year1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013PGA TourPlayer of the Year1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013PGA Tourleading money winner1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013Vardon Trophy1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013Byron Nelson Award1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009FedEx Cup Champion2007, 2009Presidential Medal of Freedom2019(For a full list of awards, see here)Eldrick Tont "Tiger" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer. He is tied for first in PGA Tour wins and ranks second in men's major championships and also holds numerous golf records.[5] Woods is widely regarded as one of the greatest golfers, and one of the most famous athletes of all time.
    • Following an outstanding junior, college, and amateur golf career, Woods turned professional in 1996 at the age of 20. By the end of April 1997, he had won three PGA Tour events in addition to his first major, the 1997 Masters, which he won by 12 strokes in a record-breaking performance. He reached number one in the world rankings for the first time in June 1997, less than a year after turning pro. Throughout the first decade of the 21st century, Woods was the dominant force in golf. He was the top-ranked golfer in the world from August 1999 to September 2004 (264 weeks) and again from June 2005 to October 2010 (281 weeks). During this time, he won 13 of golf's major championships.
    • The next decade of Woods' career was marked by comebacks from personal problems and injuries. He took a self-imposed hiatus from professional golf from December 2009 to early April 2010 in an attempt to resolve marital issues with his then-wife, Elin. Extramarital affairs with Woods had been alleged by several women, and the couple eventually divorced.[6] Woods fell to number 58 in the world rankings in November 2011 before ascending again to the No.1 ranking between March 2013 and May 2014.[7][8] However, injuries led him to undergo four back surgeries between 2014 and 2017.[9] Woods competed in only one tournament between August 2015 and January 2018, and he dropped off the list of the world's top 1,000 golfers.[10][11] On his return to regular competition, Woods made steady progress to the top of the game, winning his first tournament in five years at the Tour Championship in September 2018 and his first major in 11 years at the 2019 Masters.
    • Woods has held numerous golf records. He has been the number one player in the world for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer in history. He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record 11 times[12] and has won the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times. Woods has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons. He has won 15 professional major golf championships (trailing only Jack Nicklaus, who leads with 18) and 82 PGA Tour events (tied for first all time with Sam Snead).[13] Woods leads all active golfers in career major wins and career PGA Tour wins. He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam, and the second golfer (after Nicklaus) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times. Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships. In May 2019, Woods was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the fourth golfer to receive the honor.[14]
    • Background and family Woods was born in 1975 in Cypress, California,[15] to Earl[16] and Kultida "Tida" Woods.[17] He is their only child and has two half-brothers, Earl Jr. and Kevin, as well as a half-sister named Royce from his father's first marriage.[18]
    • Kultida (n(C)e Punsawad) is originally from Thailand, where Earl had met her when he was on a tour of duty there in 1968. She is of mixed Thai, Chinese, and Dutch ancestry.[19] Earl was a retired lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran who reported African American, Chinese, and Native American descent.[20] Earl's mother Maude Carter was light skinned.[21] Tiger describes his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian " (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian, and Asian).[22]
    • Woods' first name, Eldrick, was coined by his mother because it began with "E" (for Earl) and ended with "K" (for Kultida). His middle name Tont is a traditional Thai name. He was nicknamed Tiger in honor of his father's friend Col. Vuong Dang Phong, who had also been known as Tiger.[23]
    • Woods has a niece, Cheyenne Woods, who played for the Wake Forest University golf team and turned professional in 2012 when she made her pro debut in the LPGA Championship.[24]
    • Early life and amateur golf career Woods grew up in Orange County, California. He was a child prodigy who was introduced to golf before the age of two by his athletic father, Earl Woods. Earl was a single-digit handicap amateur golfer who also was one of the earliest African-American college baseball players at Kansas State University.[25] Tiger's father was a member of the military and had playing privileges at the Navy golf course beside the Joint Forces Training Base in Los Alamitos, which allowed Tiger to play there. Tiger also played at the par 3 Heartwell golf course in Long Beach, as well as some of the municipals in Long Beach.[26]
    • In 1978, Tiger putted against comedian Bob Hope in a television appearance on The Mike Douglas Show. At age three, he shot a 48 over nine holes at the Navy course. At age five, he appeared in Golf Digest and on ABC's That's Incredible![27] Before turning seven, Tiger won the Under Age 10 section of the Drive, Pitch, and Putt competition, held at the Navy Golf Course in Cypress, California.[28] In 1984 at the age of eight, he won the 9''10 boys' event, the youngest age group available, at the Junior World Golf Championships.[29] He first broke 80 at age eight.[30] He went on to win the Junior World Championships six times, including four consecutive wins from 1988 to 1991.[31][32][33][34][35]
    • Woods' father Earl wrote that Tiger first defeated him at the age of 11 years, with Earl trying his best. Earl lost to Tiger every time from then on.[36] Woods first broke 70 on a regulation golf course at age 12.[37]
    • When Woods was 13 years old, he played in the 1989 Big I, which was his first major national junior tournament. In the final round, he was paired with pro John Daly, who was then relatively unknown. The event's format placed a professional with each group of juniors who had qualified. Daly birdied three of the last four holes to beat Woods by only one stroke.[38] As a young teenager, Woods first met Jack Nicklaus in Los Angeles at the Bel-Air Country Club, when Nicklaus was performing a clinic for the club's members. Woods was part of the show, and he impressed Nicklaus and the crowd with his skills and potential.[39] Earl Woods had researched in detail the career accomplishments of Nicklaus and had set his young son the goals of breaking those records.[37]
    • Woods was 15 years old and a student at Western High School in Anaheim when he became the youngest U.S. Junior Amateur champion; this was a record that stood until it was broken by Jim Liu in 2010.[40] He was named 1991's Southern California Amateur Player of the Year (for the second consecutive year) and Golf Digest Junior Amateur Player of the Year. In 1992, he defended his title at the U.S. Junior Amateur Championship, becoming the tournament's first two-time winner. He also competed in his first PGA Tour event, the Nissan Los Angeles Open (he missed the 36-hole cut), and was named Golf Digest Amateur Player of the Year, Golf World Player of the Year, and Golfweek National Amateur of the Year.[41][42]
    • The following year, Woods won his third consecutive U.S. Junior Amateur Championship; he remains the event's only three-time winner.[43] In 1994, at the TPC at Sawgrass in Florida, he became the youngest winner of the U.S. Amateur Championship, a record he held until 2008 when it was broken by Danny Lee.[44] He was a member of the American team at the 1994 Eisenhower Trophy World Amateur Golf Team Championships (winning), and the 1995 Walker Cup (losing).[45][46]
    • Woods graduated from Western High School at age 18 in 1994 and was voted "Most Likely to Succeed" among the graduating class. He had starred for the high school's golf team under coach Don Crosby.[47]
    • Woods overcame difficulties with stuttering as a boy.[48] This was not known until he wrote a letter to a boy who contemplated suicide. Woods wrote, "I know what it's like to be different and to sometimes not fit in. I also stuttered as a child and I would talk to my dog and he would sit there and listen until he fell asleep. I also took a class for two years to help me, and I finally learned to stop."[49]
    • College golf career Woods was heavily recruited by college golf powers. He chose Stanford University, the 1994 NCAA champions. He enrolled at Stanford in the fall of 1994 under a golf scholarship and won his first collegiate event, the 40th Annual William H. Tucker Invitational, that September.[50] He selected a major in economics and was nicknamed "Urkel" by college teammate Notah Begay III.[51] In 1995, he successfully defended his U.S. Amateur title at the Newport Country Club in Rhode Island[44] and was voted Pac-10 Player of the Year, NCAA First Team All-American, and Stanford's Male Freshman of the Year (an award that encompasses all sports).[52][53]
    • At age 19, Woods participated in his first PGA Tour major, the 1995 Masters, and tied for 41st as the only amateur to make the cut; two years later, he would win the tournament by 12 strokes. At age 20 in 1996, he became the first golfer to win three consecutive U.S. Amateur titles[54] and won the NCAA individual golf championship.[55] In winning the silver medal as leading amateur at The Open Championship, he tied the record for an amateur aggregate score of 281.[56] He left college after two years in order to turn professional in the golf industry. In 1996, Woods moved out of California, stating in 2013 that it was due to the state's high tax rate.[57]
    • Professional career Woods turned pro at age 20 in August 1996 and immediately signed advertising deals with Nike, Inc. and Titleist that ranked as the most lucrative endorsement contracts in golf history at that time.[58][59] Woods was named Sports Illustrated ' s 1996 Sportsman of the Year and PGA Tour Rookie of the Year.[60] On April 13, 1997, he won his first major, the Masters, in record-breaking fashion and became the tournament's youngest winner at age 21.[61] Two months later, he set the record for the fastest ascent to No. 1 in the Official World Golf Rankings.[62] After a lackluster 1998, Woods finished the 1999 season with eight wins, including the PGA Championship, a feat not achieved since Johnny Miller did it in 1974.[63][64]
    • Woods was severely myopic; his eyesight had a rating of 11 diopters. In order to correct this problem, he underwent successful laser eye surgery in 1999,[65] and he immediately resumed winning tour events. (He received money from TLC Laser Eye Centers to endorse them,[66] In 2007, his vision again began to deteriorate, and he underwent laser eye surgery a second time.[67])
    • In 2000, Woods won six consecutive events on the PGA Tour, which was the longest winning streak since Ben Hogan did it in 1948. One of these was the U.S. Open, where he broke or tied nine tournament records in what Sports Illustrated called "the greatest performance in golf history", in which Woods won the tournament by a record 15-stroke margin and earned a check for $800,000.[68] At age 24, he became the youngest golfer to achieve the Career Grand Slam.[69] At the end of 2000, Woods had won nine of the twenty PGA Tour events he entered and had broken the record for lowest scoring average in tour history. He was named the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year, the only athlete to be honored twice, and was ranked by Golf Digest magazine as the twelfth-best golfer of all time.[70]
    • When Woods won the 2001 Masters, he became the only player to win four consecutive major professional golf titles, although not in the same calendar year. This achievement came to be known as the "Tiger Slam."[71] Following a stellar 2001 and 2002 in which he continued to dominate the tour, Woods' career hit a slump.[63][72] He did not win a major in 2003 or 2004. In September 2004, Vijay Singh overtook Woods in the Official World Golf Rankings, ending Woods' record streak of 264 weeks at No. 1.[73]
    • Woods rebounded in 2005, winning six PGA Tour events and reclaiming the top spot in July after swapping it back and forth with Singh over the first half of the year.[74]
    • Woods began dominantly in 2006, winning his first two PGA tournaments but failing to capture his fifth Masters championship in April.[75] Following the death of his father in May, Woods took some time off from the tour and appeared rusty upon his return at the U.S. Open at Winged Foot, where he missed the cut.[76] However, he quickly returned to form and ended the year by winning six consecutive tour events. At the season's close, Woods had 54 total wins that included 12 majors; he had broken the tour records for both total wins and total majors wins over eleven seasons.[77]
    • Woods continued to excel in 2007 and the first part of 2008. In April 2008, he underwent knee surgery and missed the next two months on the tour.[78] Woods returned for the 2008 U.S. Open, where he struggled the first day but ultimately claimed a dramatic sudden death victory over Rocco Mediate that followed an 18-hole playoff, after which Mediate said, "This guy does things that are just not normal by any stretch of the imagination," and Kenny Perry added, "He beat everybody on one leg."[79] Two days later, Woods announced that he would miss the remainder of the season due to additional knee surgery, and that his knee was more severely damaged than previously revealed, prompting even greater praise for his U.S. Open performance. Woods called it "my greatest ever championship."[80] In Woods' absence, TV ratings for the remainder of the season suffered a huge decline from 2007.[81]
    • Woods competing at the third annual Earl Woods Memorial Pro-Am (July 1, 2009)
    • Woods had a much anticipated return to golf in 2009, when he performed well. His comeback included a spectacular performance at the 2009 Presidents Cup, but he failed to win a major, the first year since 2004 that he had not done so.[82] After his marital infidelities came to light and received massive media coverage at the end of 2009 (see further details below), Woods announced in December that he would be taking an indefinite break from competitive golf.[6] In February 2010, he delivered a televised apology for his behavior, saying "I was wrong and I was foolish."[83] During this period, several companies ended their endorsement deals with Woods.[84]
    • Woods returned to competition in April at the 2010 Masters, where he finished tied for fourth place.[85] He followed the Masters with poor showings at the Quail Hollow Championship and the Players Championship, where he withdrew in the fourth round, citing injury.[86] Shortly afterward, Hank Haney, Woods' coach since 2003, resigned the position. In August, Woods hired Sean Foley as Haney's replacement. The rest of the season went badly for Woods, who failed to win a single event for the first time since turning professional, while nevertheless finishing the season ranked No. 2 in the world.
    • In 2011, Woods' performance continued to suffer; this took its toll on his ranking. After falling to No. 7 in March, he rebounded to No. 5 with a strong showing at the 2011 Masters, where he tied for fourth place.[87] Due to leg injuries incurred at the Masters, he missed several summer stops on the PGA Tour. In July, he fired his longtime caddy Steve Williams (who was shocked by the dismissal), and replaced him on an interim basis with friend Bryon Bell until he hired Joe LaCava.[88] After returning to tournament play in August, Woods continued to falter, and his ranking gradually fell to a low of #58.[8] He rose to No. 50 in mid-November after a third-place finish at the Emirates Australian Open, and broke his winless streak with a victory at December's Chevron World Challenge.[8][89]
    • Woods began his 2012 season with two tournaments (the Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship and the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am) where he started off well but struggled on the final rounds. Following the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, where he was knocked out in the second round by missing a 5-foot putt,[90] Woods revised his putting technique and tied for second at the Honda Classic, with the lowest final round score in his PGA Tour career. After a short time off due to another leg injury, Woods won the Arnold Palmer Invitational, his first win on the PGA Tour since the BMW Championship in September 2009. Following several dismal performances, Woods notched his 73rd PGA Tour win at the Memorial Tournament in June, tying Jack Nicklaus in second place for most PGA Tour victories;[91] a month later, Woods surpassed Nicklaus with a win at the AT&T National, to trail only Sam Snead, who accumulated 82 PGA tour wins.[92]
    • The year 2013 would bring a return of Woods' dominating play. In January, he won the Farmers Insurance Open by four shots for his 75th PGA Tour win. It was the seventh time he had won the event.[93] In March, he won the WGC-Cadillac Championship, also for the seventh time, giving him his 17th WGC title and first since 2009.[94] Two weeks later, he won the Arnold Palmer Invitational, winning the event for a record-tying 8th time. The win moved him back to the top of the world rankings.[95] To commemorate that achievement, Nike was quick to launch an ad with the tagline "winning takes care of everything".[96]
    • During the 2013 Masters, Woods faced disqualification after unwittingly admitting in a post-round interview with ESPN that he had taken an illegal drop on the par-5 15th hole when his third shot had bounced off the pin and into the water. After further review of television footage, Woods was assessed a two-stroke penalty for the drop but was not disqualified.[97] He finished tied for fourth in the event. Woods won The Players Championship in May 2013, his second career win at the event, notching his fourth win of the 2013 season. It was the quickest he had gotten to four wins in any season in his professional career.
    • Woods had a poor showing at the 2013 U.S. Open as a result of an elbow injury that he sustained at The Players Championship. In finishing at 13-over-par, he recorded his worst score as a professional and finished 12 strokes behind winner Justin Rose. After a prolonged break because of the injury, during which he missed the Greenbrier Classic and his own AT&T National, he returned at the Open Championship at Muirfield. Despite being in contention all week and beginning the final round only two strokes behind Lee Westwood, he struggled with the speed of the greens and could only manage a 3-over-par 74 that left him tied for 6th place, five strokes behind eventual winner Phil Mickelson. Two weeks later, Woods returned to form at the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, recording his 5th win of the season and 8th win at the event in its 15-year history. His second round 61 matched his record score on the PGA Tour and could easily have been a 59 were it not for some short missed birdie putts on the closing holes. This gave him a seven-stroke lead that he held onto for the rest of the tournament. Woods would never contend at the PGA Championship at Oak Hill Country Club and would come short of winning a major for the 5th full season, only contending in two of the four majors in 2013.
    • After a slow start to 2014, Woods sustained an injury during the final round of the Honda Classic and was unable to finish the tournament. He withdrew after the 13th hole, citing back pain.[98] He subsequently competed in the WGC-Cadillac Championship but was visibly in pain during much of the last round. He was forced to skip the Arnold Palmer Invitational at the end of March 2014,[99] and after undergoing back surgery, he announced on April 1 that he would miss the Masters for the first time since 1994.[100] Woods returned at the Quicken Loans National in June, however he stated that his expectations for the week were low. He would struggle with nearly every aspect of his game and miss the cut. He next played at The Open Championship, contested at Hoylake, where Woods had won eight years prior. Woods fired a brilliant 69 in the first round to put himself in contention, but shot 77 on Friday and would eventually finish 69th. Despite his back pain, he played at the 2014 PGA Championship where he failed to make the cut. On August 25, 2014, Woods and his swing coach Sean Foley parted ways. In the four years under Foley, he won eight times but no majors. He had previously won eight majors with Harmon and six with Haney. Woods said there is currently no timetable to find a replacement swing coach.[101]
    • On February 5, 2015, Woods withdrew from the Farmers Insurance Open after another back injury.[102] Woods stated on his website that it was unrelated to his previous surgery and he would take a break from golf until his back healed.[103] He returned for the Masters, finishing in a tie for 17th. In the final round, Woods injured his wrist after his club hit a tree root. He later stated that a bone popped out of his wrist, but he adjusted it back into place and finished the round.[104] Woods then missed the cut at the 2015 U.S. Open and Open Championship, the first time Woods missed the cut at consecutive majors, finishing near the bottom of the leaderboard both times.[105] He finished tied for 18th at the Quicken Loans National on August 2.[106] In late August 2015, Woods played quite well at the Wyndham Championship finishing the tournament at 13-under, only four strokes behind the winner, and tied for 10th place.[107] Woods offered only a brief comment on the speculation that he was still recovering from back surgery, saying it was "just my hip" but offering no specifics.[108]
    • Woods had back surgery on September 16, 2015. In late March 2016, he announced that he would miss the Masters while he recovered from the surgery;[109] he had also missed the 2014 Masters due to a back problem.[110] "I'm absolutely making progress, and I'm really happy with how far I've come," he explained in a statement. "But I still have no timetable to return to competitive golf."[111] However, he did attend the Masters Champions Dinner on April 5, 2016.[112] For the first time in his career, he missed all four majors in one year due to problems with his back. In October 2016, he told Charlie Rose on PBS that he still wanted to break Jack Nicklaus's record of 18 major titles.[113] Woods underwent back surgery in December 2016 and spent the next 15 months off the Tour. He made his return to competitive golf in the Hero World Challenge.[114]
    • Woods' back problems continued to hinder him in 2017. He missed the cut at the Farmers Insurance Open in January and pulled out of a European Tour event in Dubai on February 3. On March 31, Woods announced on his website that he would not be playing in the 2017 Masters Tournament despite being cleared to play by his doctors. Woods said that although he was happy with his rehabilitation, he did not feel "tournament ready."[115][116] Woods subsequently told friends, ''I'm done''.[117] On April 20, Woods announced that he had undergone his fourth back surgery since 2014 to alleviate back and leg pain. Recovery time required up to six months, meaning that Woods would spend the rest of the year without playing any professional golf.[118] Woods returned to competitive golf at the Hero World Challenge in the Bahamas. He shot rounds of 69-68-75-68 and finished tied for 9th place. His world ranking went from 1,199th to 668th, which was the biggest jump in the world rankings in his career.
    • On March 11, 2018, he finished one-shot back and tied for second at the Valspar Championship in Florida, his first top-five finish on the PGA Tour since 2013.[119] He then tied for sixth with a score of five under par at the 2018 Open Championship.[120] At the last major of the year Woods finished second at the 2018 PGA Championship, two shots behind the winner Brooks Koepka. It was his best result in a major since 2009 (second at the 2009 PGA Championship) and moved up to 26th in the world rankings. His final round of 64 was his best ever final round in a major.[121][11]
    • Woods returned to the winner's circle for the 80th time in his PGA Tour career on September 23, 2018, when he won the season-ending Tour Championship at East Lake Golf Club for the second time and that tournament for the third time. He shot rounds of 65-68-65-71 to win by two strokes over Billy Horschel.[122]
    • On April 14, 2019, Woods won the Masters, which was his first major championship win in eleven years and his 15th major overall. He finished 13 under par to win by one stroke over Dustin Johnson, Xander Schauffele and Brooks Koepka.[123] At age 43, he became the second oldest golfer ever to win the Masters, after Jack Nicklaus who was 46 when he triumphed in 1986.[124] In August 2019, Woods announced via social media that he underwent a knee surgery to repair minor cartilage damage and that he had an arthroscopic procedure during the Tour Championship. In his statement, Woods also confirmed that he was walking and intends on traveling and playing in Japan in October.[125]
    • Woods played in his first 2020 PGA Tour event at the Zozo Championship in October 2019, which was the first-ever PGA Tour event played in Japan. Woods, who played a highly publicized skins game earlier in the week at the same course as the Championship, held at least a share of the lead after every round of the rain-delayed tournament, giving him a three stroke victory over Hideki Matsuyama.[126] The win was Woods's 82nd on Tour, tying him with Sam Snead for the most victories all time on the PGA Tour.[127][128]
    • Honors Woods checking his drive in 2007
    • On August 20, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria Shriver announced that Woods would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame. He was inducted December 5, 2007 at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts in Sacramento.[129]
    • In December 2009, Woods was named "Athlete of the Decade" by the Associated Press.[130] He was named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year[131] a record-tying four times, and is one of only two people to be named Sports Illustrated ' s Sportsman of the Year more than once.
    • Since his record-breaking win at the 1997 Masters, Woods has been the biggest name in golf and his presence in tournaments has drawn a huge fan following. Some sources have credited him for dramatically increasing prize money in golf, generating interest in new PGA tournament audiences, and for drawing the largest TV ratings in golf history.[60][132]
    • In May 2019, following his 2019 Masters Tournament win, Woods was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump.[133]
    • Endorsements During the first decade of his professional career, Woods was the world's most marketable athlete.[134] Shortly after his 21st birthday in 1996, he signed endorsement deals with numerous companies, including General Motors, Titleist, General Mills, American Express, Accenture, and Nike, Inc. In 2000, he signed a 5-year, $105 million contract extension with Nike, which was the largest endorsement package signed by a professional athlete at that time.[135] Woods' endorsement has been credited with playing a significant role in taking the Nike Golf brand from a "start-up" golf company earlier in the previous decade to becoming the leading golf apparel company in the world and a major player in the equipment and golf ball market.[134][136] Nike Golf is one of the fastest growing brands in the sport, with an estimated $600 million in sales.[137] Woods has been described as the "ultimate endorser" for Nike Golf,[137] frequently seen wearing Nike gear during tournaments, and even in advertisements for other products.[135] Woods receives a percentage from the sales of Nike Golf apparel, footwear, golf equipment, golf balls,[134] and has a building named after him at Nike's headquarters campus in Beaverton, Oregon.[138]
    • In 2002, Woods was involved in every aspect of the launch of Buick's Rendezvous SUV. A company spokesman stated that Buick was happy with the value of Woods' endorsement, pointing out that more than 130,000 Rendezvous vehicles were sold in 2002 and 2003. "That exceeded our forecasts," he was quoted as saying, "It has to be in recognition of Tiger." In February 2004, Buick renewed Woods' endorsement contract for another five years, in a deal reportedly worth $40 million.[135]
    • Woods collaborated closely with TAG Heuer to develop the world's first professional golf watch, which was released in April 2005.[139] The lightweight, titanium-construction watch, designed to be worn while playing the game, incorporates numerous innovative design features to accommodate golf play. It is capable of absorbing up to 5,000 Gs of shock, far in excess of the forces generated by a normal golf swing.[139] In 2006, the TAG Heuer Professional Golf Watch won the prestigious iF product design award in the Leisure/Lifestyle category.[140]
    • Woods preparing for a photo shoot in 2006
    • Woods also endorsed the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series of video games; he has done so since 1999.[141] In 2006, he signed a six-year contract with Electronic Arts, the series' publisher.[142]
    • In February 2007, Woods, Roger Federer and Thierry Henry became ambassadors for the "Gillette Champions" marketing campaign. Gillette did not disclose financial terms, though an expert estimated the deal could total between $10 million and $20 million.[143]
    • In October 2007, Gatorade announced that Woods would have his own brand of sports drink starting in March 2008. "Gatorade Tiger" was his first U.S. deal with a beverage company and his first licensing agreement. Although no figures were officially disclosed, Golfweek magazine reported that it was for five years and could pay him as much as $100 million.[144] The company decided in early fall 2009 to discontinue the drink due to weak sales.[145]
    • In October 2012, it was announced that Woods had signed an exclusive endorsement deal with Fuse Science, Inc, a sports nutrition firm.[146]
    • In 1997, Woods and fellow golfer Arnold Palmer initiated a civil case against Bruce Matthews (the owner of Gotta Have It Golf, Inc.) and others in the effort to stop the unauthorized sale of their images and alleged signatures in the memorabilia market. Matthews and associated parties counterclaimed that Woods and his company, ETW Corporation, committed several acts including breach of contract, breach of implied duty of good faith, and violations of Florida's Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.[147] Palmer also was named in the counter-suit, accused of violating the same licensing agreement in conjunction with his company Arnold Palmer Enterprises.
    • On March 12, 2014, a Florida jury ruled in favor of Gotta Have It on its breach of contract and other related claims, rejected ETW's counterclaims, and awarded Gotta Have It $668,346 in damages.[148] The award may end up exceeding $1 million once interest has been factored in, though the ruling may be appealed.
    • In August 2016, Woods announced that he would be seeking a new golf equipment partner[149] after the news of Nike's exit from the equipment industry.[150] It was announced on January 25, 2017, that he would be signing a new club deal with TaylorMade.[151] He added the 2016 M2 driver along with the 2017 M1 fairway woods, with irons to be custom made at a later date. He also added his Scotty Cameron Newport 2 GSS, a club he used to win 13 of his 15 majors.[152] Also, in late 2016, he would add Monster Energy as his primary bag sponsor, replacing MusclePharm.[153]
    • Accumulated wealth Woods has appeared on Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes.[154][155] According to Golf Digest, Woods made $769,440,709 from 1996 to 2007,[156] and the magazine predicted that Woods would pass a billion dollars in earnings by 2010.[157] In 2009, Forbes confirmed that Woods was indeed the world's first professional athlete to earn over a billion dollars in his career, after accounting for the $10 million bonus Woods received for the FedEx Cup title.[158] The same year, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $600 million, making him the second richest person of color in the United States, behind only Oprah Winfrey.[159] In 2015, Woods ranked ninth in Forbes' list of world's highest-paid athletes, being the top among Asian Americans or the fourth among African Americans.[160] As of 2017, Woods was considered to be the highest-paid golfer in the world.[161]
    • Tiger-proofing Early in Woods' career, a small number of golf industry analysts expressed concern about his impact on the competitiveness of the game and the public appeal of professional golf. Sportswriter Bill Lyon of Knight Ridder asked in a column, "Isn't Tiger Woods actually bad for golf?" (though Lyon ultimately concluded that he was not).[162] At first, some pundits feared that Woods would drive the spirit of competition out of the game of golf by making existing courses obsolete and relegating opponents to simply competing for second place each week.
    • A related effect was measured by University of California economist Jennifer Brown, who found that other golfers scored higher when competing against Woods than when he was not in the tournament. The scores of highly skilled golfers are nearly one stroke better when playing against Woods. This effect was larger when he was on winning streaks and disappeared during his well-publicized slump in 2003''04. Brown explains the results by noting that competitors of similar skill can hope to win by increasing their level of effort, but that, when facing a "superstar" competitor, extra exertion does not significantly raise one's level of winning while increasing risk of injury or exhaustion, leading to reduced effort.[163]
    • Many courses in the PGA Tour rotation (including major championship sites like Augusta National) have added yardage to their tees in an effort to reduce the advantage of long hitters like Woods; this is a strategy that became known as "Tiger-Proofing". Woods said he welcomed the change, in that adding yardage to courses did not affect his ability to win.[164]
    • Career achievements Woods has won 82 official PGA Tour events, including 15 majors. He is 14''1 when going into the final round of a major with at least a share of the lead. Multiple golf experts have heralded Woods as "the greatest closer in history".[165] He owns the lowest career scoring average and the most career earnings of any player in PGA Tour history.
    • Woods' victory at the 2013 Players Championship also marked a win in his 300th PGA Tour start.[166] He also won golf tournaments in his 100th (in 2000) and 200th (in 2006) tour starts.[167]
    • Woods has spent the most consecutive and cumulative weeks atop the world rankings. He is one of five players (along with Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus) to have won all four major championships in his career, known as the Career Grand Slam, and was the youngest to do so.[168] Woods is the only player to have won all four major championships in a row, accomplishing the feat in the 2000''2001 seasons.
    • PGA Tour wins (82)European Tour wins (41)Japan Golf Tour wins (3)Asian Tour wins (1)PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1)Other professional wins (16) Amateur wins (21)Major championships Wins (15) 1Defeated May in three-hole playoff by 1 stroke: Woods (3-4-5=12), May (4-4-5=13) 2Defeated DiMarco in a sudden-death playoff: Woods (3) and DiMarco (4).3Defeated Mediate with a par on 1st sudden death hole after 18-hole playoff was tied at even par. This was the final time an 18-hole playoff was used in competition.
    • Results timeline Win
    • Top 10
    • Did not play
    • LA = Low amateurCUT = missed the half-way cutWD = withdrew"T" indicates a tie for a place
    • Summary Most consecutive cuts made '' 39 (1996 U.S. Open '' 2006 Masters)Longest streak of top-10s '' 8 (1999 U.S. Open '' 2001 Masters)World Golf Championships Wins (18) 1 Won on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff2 Won on the seventh hole of a sudden-death playoff3 Won on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff4 Won on the fourth hole of a sudden-death playoffResults timeline Win
    • Top 10
    • Did not play
    • QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match playWD = withdrewNT = No tournament1 Canceled following the September 11 attacks."T" = tiedNote that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.PGA Tour career summary SeasonStartsCutsmadeWins (majors)2nd3rdTop10Top25Earnings($)Moneylist rank19921000000''''19933000000''''19943000000''''19954300000''''1996111020258790,59424199721204 (1)119142,066,83311998201912213171,841,1174199921218 (1)1216186,616,5851200020209 (3)4117209,188,3211200119195 (1)019185,687,7771200218185 (2)2213166,912,62512003181852012166,673,41322004191913314185,365,4724200521196 (2)42131710,628,0241200615148 (2)1111139,941,5631200716167 (1)30121510,867,05212008664 (1)10665,775,000220091716630141610,508,163120101211000271,294,7656820119700023660,238128201219173129136,133,1582201316165108108,553,439120147500001108,275201201511600013448,598162201600000000n/a201710000000n/a201818161207125,443,841720191291 (1)00473,199,615242020*11100111,755,0003Career*35932682 (15)3119198269120,459,4681[169]*As of October 28, 2019 (2020 season)
    • Playing style When Woods first joined the PGA Tour in 1996, his long drives had a large impact on the world of golf,[170] but he did not upgrade his equipment in the following years. He insisted upon the use of True Temper Dynamic Gold steel-shafted clubs and smaller steel clubheads that promoted accuracy over distance.[171] Many opponents caught up to him, and Phil Mickelson even made a joke in 2003 about Woods using "inferior equipment", which did not sit well with Nike, Titleist or Woods.[172] During 2004, Woods finally upgraded his driver technology to a larger clubhead and graphite shaft, which, coupled with his clubhead speed, again made him one of the tour's longest players off the tee.
    • Despite his power advantage, Woods has always focused on developing an excellent all-around game. Although in recent years[when? ] he has typically been near the bottom of the Tour rankings in driving accuracy, his iron play is generally accurate, his recovery and bunker play is very strong, and his putting (especially under pressure) is possibly his greatest asset. He is largely responsible for a shift to higher standards of athleticism amongst professional golfers, and is known for utilizing more hours of practice than most.[173][174][175]
    • From mid-1993 (while he was still an amateur) until 2004, Woods worked almost exclusively with leading swing coach Butch Harmon. From mid-1997, Harmon and Woods fashioned a major redevelopment of Woods' full swing, achieving greater consistency, better distance control, and better kinesiology. The changes began to pay off in 1999.[176] Woods and Harmon eventually parted ways. From March 2004 to 2010, Woods was coached by Hank Haney, who worked on flattening his swing plane. Woods continued to win tournaments with Haney, but his driving accuracy dropped significantly. Haney resigned under questionable circumstances in May 2010[177] and was replaced by Sean Foley.[178]
    • Fluff Cowan served as Woods' caddie from the start of his professional career until Woods dismissed him in March 1999.[179] He was replaced by Steve Williams, who became a close friend of Woods and is often credited with helping him with key shots and putts.[180] In June 2011, Woods dismissed Williams after he caddied for Adam Scott in the U.S. Open[181] and replaced him with friend Bryon Bell on an interim basis. Joe LaCava, a former caddie of both Fred Couples and Dustin Johnson, was hired by Woods shortly after[182] and has remained Woods' caddie since then.
    • Equipment As of 2019[update] WGC Dell Technologies Match Play:[183]
    • Driver: TaylorMade M5 (Mitsubishi Chemical Diamana D+ White Board 73TX shaft), 9 degreesFairway woods: TaylorMade M5 13 & M3 19 Degree (Mitsubishi Chemical Diamana D+ White Board 83TX shaft)Irons: TaylorMade TW Phase1 Prototype (3-PW; True Temper Dynamic Gold Tour Issue X100 shafts)Wedges: TaylorMade Milled Grind (56 and 60 degrees; True Temper Dynamic Gold Tour Issue S400 shafts)Putter: Scotty Cameron Newport 2 GSS with Ping Blackout PP58 GripBall: Bridgestone Tour B XS (with "Tiger" imprint)Golf glove: Nike Dri-FIT Tour gloveGolf shoes: Nike TW '17[184]Driver club cover: Frank, a plush tiger head club cover created by his mother. Frank has appeared in several commercials (voiced by actor Paul Giamatti)[185][186]Wood covers: Stitch Brand with TGR Logo.Putter cover: Nike Putter Cover.[187]Other ventures TGR Foundation The TGR Foundation was established in 1996 by Woods and his father Earl as the Tiger Woods Foundation, with the primary goal of promoting golf among inner-city children.[188] The foundation has conducted junior golf clinics across the country, and sponsors the Tiger Woods Foundation National Junior Golf Team in the Junior World Golf Championships.[189][190] As of December 2010, TWF employed approximately 55 people.[191][192]
    • The foundation operates the Tiger Woods Learning Center, a $50-million, 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) facility in Anaheim, California, providing college-access programs for underserved youth.[189][191][193] The TWLC opened in 2006 and features seven classrooms, extensive multi-media facilities and an outdoor golf teaching area.[189] The center has since expanded to four additional campuses: two in Washington, D.C.; one in Philadelphia; and one in Stuart, Florida.[193]
    • The foundation benefits from the annual Chevron World Challenge and AT&T National golf tournaments hosted by Woods.[191] In October 2011, the foundation hosted the first Tiger Woods Invitational at Pebble Beach.[194] Other annual fundraisers have included the concert events Block Party, last held in 2009 in Anaheim, and Tiger Jam, last held in 2011 in Las Vegas after a one-year hiatus.[191][195]
    • Tiger Woods Design In November 2006, Woods announced his intention to begin designing golf courses around the world through a new company, Tiger Woods Design.[196] A month later, he announced that the company's first course would be in Dubai as part of a 25.3-million-square-foot development, The Tiger Woods Dubai.[197] The Al Ruwaya Golf Course was initially expected to finish construction in 2009.[197] As of February 2010, only seven holes had been completed; in April 2011, The New York Times reported that the project had been shelved permanently.[198][199] In 2013, the partnership between Tiger Woods Design and Dubai Holding was dissolved.[200]
    • Tiger Woods Design has taken on two other courses, neither of which has materialized. In August 2007, Woods announced The Cliffs at High Carolina, a private course in the Blue Ridge Mountains near Asheville, North Carolina.[201] After a groundbreaking in November 2008, the project suffered cash flow problems and suspended construction.[199] A third course, in Punta Brava, Mexico, was announced in October 2008, but incurred delays due to issues with permits and an environmental impact study.[199][202] Construction on the Punta Brava course has not yet begun.[199]
    • These projects have encountered problems that have been attributed to factors that include overly optimistic estimates of their value, declines throughout the global economy (particularly the U.S. crash in home prices), and the decreased appeal and marketability of Woods following his 2009 infidelity scandal.[199]
    • Writings Woods wrote a golf instruction column for Golf Digest magazine from 1997 to February 2011.[203] In 2001 he wrote a best-selling golf instruction book, How I Play Golf, which had the largest print run of any golf book for its first edition, 1.5 million copies.[204] In March 2017, he published a memoir, The 1997 Masters: My Story, co-authored by Lorne Rubenstein, which focuses on his first Masters win.[205]
    • Personal life Woods after receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2019. From left to right: girlfriend Erica Herman, mother Kultida Woods, daughter Sam Woods, son Charlie Woods and Tiger Woods
    • Marriage and children In November 2003, Woods became engaged to Elin Nordegren, a Swedish former model and daughter of former minister of migration Barbro Holmberg and radio journalist Thomas Nordegren.[206] They were introduced during The Open Championship in 2001 by Swedish golfer Jesper Parnevik, who had employed her as an au pair. They married on October 5, 2004, at the Sandy Lane resort in Barbados, and lived at Isleworth, a community in Windermere, a suburb of Orlando, Florida.[207][208] In 2006, they purchased a $39-million estate in Jupiter Island, Florida, and began constructing a 10,000-square-foot home; Woods moved there in 2010 following the couple's divorce.[154][208]
    • Woods and Nordegren's first child was a girl born in 2007, whom they named Sam Alexis Woods. Woods chose the name because his own father had always called him Sam.[209] Their son, Charlie Axel Woods, was born in 2009.[210]
    • Infidelity scandal and fallout In November 2009, the National Enquirer published a story claiming that Woods had had an extramarital affair with New York City nightclub manager Rachel Uchitel, who denied the claim.[211] Two days later, around 2:30 a.m. on November 27, Woods was driving from his Florida mansion in his Cadillac Escalade SUV when he collided with a fire hydrant, a tree, and several hedges near his home.[212] He was treated for minor facial lacerations and received a ticket for careless driving.[212][213] Following intense media speculation about the cause of the accident, Woods released a statement on his website and took sole responsibility for the accident, calling it a "private matter" and crediting his wife for helping him from the car.[214] On November 30, Woods announced that he would not be appearing at his own charity golf tournament (the Chevron World Challenge) or any other tournaments in 2009 due to his injuries.[215]
    • On December 2, following Us Weekly ' s previous day reporting of a purported mistress and subsequent release of a voicemail message allegedly left by Woods for the woman,[216] Woods released a further statement. He admitted transgressions and apologized to "all of those who have supported [him] over the years", while reiterating his and his family's right to privacy.[211][217] Over the next few days, more than a dozen women claimed in various media outlets to have had affairs with Woods.[6] On December 11, he released a third statement admitting to infidelity and he apologized again. He also announced that he would be taking "an indefinite break from professional golf."[6]
    • In the days and months following Woods' admission of multiple infidelities, several companies re-evaluated their relationships with him. Accenture, AT&T, Gatorade and General Motors completely ended their sponsorship deals, while Gillette suspended advertising featuring Woods.[84][218] TAG Heuer dropped Woods from advertising in December 2009 and officially ended their deal when his contract expired in August 2011.[84] Golf Digest suspended Woods's monthly column beginning with the February 2010 issue.[219] In contrast, Nike continued to support Woods, as did Electronic Arts, which was working with Woods on the game Tiger Woods PGA Tour Online.[220] A December 2009 study estimated the shareholder loss caused by Woods's affairs to be between $5 billion and $12 billion.[221]
    • On February 19, 2010, Woods gave a televised statement in which he said he had undertaken a 45-day therapy program that began at the end of December. He again apologized for his actions. "I thought I could get away with whatever I wanted to," he said. "I felt that I had worked hard my entire life and deserved to enjoy all the temptations around me. I felt I was entitled. Thanks to money and fame, I didn't have to go far to find them. I was wrong. I was foolish." He said he did not know yet when he would be returning to golf.[83][222] On March 16, he announced that he would play in the 2010 Masters.[223]
    • After seven years of marriage, Woods and Elin divorced on August 23, 2010.[224]
    • 2017 arrest On May 29, 2017, Woods was arrested near his Jupiter Island, Florida, home by the Jupiter Police Department at about 3:00 am. EDT for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. He was asleep in his car, which was stationary in a traffic lane with its engine running. He later stated that he had taken prescription drugs and did not realize how they might interact together.[225] On July 3, 2017, Woods tweeted that he had completed an out-of-state intensive program to tackle an unspecified issue.[226] At his August 9, 2017 arraignment, Woods had his attorney Douglas Duncan submit a not guilty plea for him and agreed to take part in a first-time DUI offender program and attend another arraignment on October 25.[227][228]
    • At a hearing on October 27, 2017, Woods pleaded guilty to reckless driving. He received a year of probation, was fined $250, and ordered to undergo 50 hours of community service along with regular drug tests. He was not allowed to drink alcohol during the probation, and if he violated the probation he would be sentenced to 90 days in jail with an additional $500 fine.[229]
    • Other pursuits Woods fires a handgun at a shooting range outside San Diego.
    • Woods was raised as a Buddhist, and he actively practiced his faith from childhood until well into his adult, professional golf career.[230] In a 2000 article, Woods was quoted as saying that he "believes in Buddhism... not every aspect, but most of it."[231] He has attributed his deviations and infidelity to his losing track of Buddhism. He said, "Buddhism teaches me to stop following every impulse and to learn restraint. Obviously I lost track of what I was taught."[232]
    • Woods is registered as an independent voter.[233] In January 2009, Woods delivered a speech commemorating the military at the We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial.[234] In April 2009, Woods visited the White House while promoting the golf tournament he hosts, the AT&T National.[235] In December 2016 and again in November 2017, Woods played golf with President Donald Trump at the Trump International Golf Club in West Palm Beach.[236]
    • On March 18, 2013, Woods announced that he and Olympic gold medal skier Lindsey Vonn were dating.[237] They split up in May 2015.[238] From November 2016 to August 2017, Woods was in a relationship with stylist Kristin Smith.[239][240] Woods announced in November 2017 that he was in a relationship with restaurant manager Erica Herman, following speculation about their relationship that began the month prior.[240]
    • See also Career Grand Slam ChampionsList of golfers with most European Tour winsList of golfers with most PGA Tour winsList of golfers with most wins in one PGA Tour eventList of longest PGA Tour win streaksList of men's major championships winning golfersList of World Number One male golfersMost PGA Tour wins in a yearNotes ^ These are the 15 majors, 18 WGC events, and his eight tour wins. References ^ a b "Tiger Woods '' Profile". PGA Tour . Retrieved June 7, 2015 . ^ This is calculated by adding Woods' 81 PGA Tour victories, 8 regular European Tour titles, 2 Japan Tour wins, 1 Asian Tour crown, and the 16 other wins in his career. ^ "Week 24 1997 Ending 15 Jun 1997" (pdf) . OWGR . Retrieved December 20, 2018 . ^ 2009 European Tour Official Guide Section 4 Page 577 PDF 21. European Tour. Retrieved April 21, 2009. Archived January 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Who is the greatest golfer ever: Tiger or Jack?". For The Win. April 13, 2018 . Retrieved July 19, 2018 . Diaz, Jaime. "What made Tiger Woods great'--and can again '' Golf Digest". Golf Digest . Retrieved July 19, 2018 . "Phil: Tiger in prime played best golf ever". ESPN.com . Retrieved July 19, 2018 . ^ a b c d Dahlberg, Tim (December 12, 2009). "Two weeks that shattered the legend of Tiger Woods". Fox News. Associated Press . Retrieved January 23, 2012 . ^ "Westwood becomes world number one". BBC News. October 31, 2010. ^ a b c "Tiger Woods moves to 50th in rankings". ESPN. November 13, 2011 . Retrieved November 14, 2011 . ^ "Complete list of Tiger Woods' injuries". PGA Tour. ^ "With game on point, Tiger Woods is in perfect place to win again at Firestone". USA Today. August 1, 2018. ^ a b Reid, Philip (August 14, 2018). "For the new Tiger Woods, second place is far from first loser". The Irish Times. Dublin. ^ Kelley, Brent (October 20, 2009). "Woods Clinches PGA Player of the Year Award". About.com: Golf . Retrieved December 2, 2009 . ^ "Tracking Tiger". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009 . Retrieved June 3, 2009 . ^ Rogers, Katie (May 6, 2019). " ' I've Battled,' Tiger Woods Says as He Accepts Presidential Medal of Freedom". The New York Times . Retrieved May 8, 2019 . ^ "Tiger Woods Biography '' childhood, children, parents, name, history, mother, young, son, old, information, born". Notablebiographies.com . Retrieved December 16, 2017 . ^ "Tiger Woods' father, Earl, succumbs to cancer". Espn.com. May 5, 2006 . Retrieved December 16, 2017 . ^ Kelley, Brent. "Tiger Woods' Parents: Meet Mom and Dad". Thoughtco.com . Retrieved December 16, 2017 . ^ His Father's Son: Earl and Tiger Woods, by Tom Callahan, 2010; The Wicked Game, by Howard Sounes, 2004 ^ "Earning His Stripes". AsianWeek. October 11, 1996. Archived from the original on January 16, 1998 . Retrieved June 18, 2009 . ^ Younge, Gary (May 28, 2010). "Tiger Woods: Black, white, other | racial politics". The Guardian . Retrieved May 12, 2019 . ^ "Earl Woods" (obituary). Daily Telegraph (June 5, 2006). Retrieved June 19, 2012. ^ "Woods stars on Oprah, says he's 'Cablinasian ' ". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Associated Press. April 23, 1997. Archived from the original on December 12, 2007 . Retrieved June 18, 2009 . ^ Callahan, Tom (May 9, 2006). "Tiger's dad gave us all some lessons to remember". Golf Digest . Retrieved January 24, 2012 . ^ Chandler, Rick (June 7, 2012). "Tiger Woods' niece makes her major pro golf tourney debut today". Off the Bench. NBC Sports. Archived from the original on June 8, 2012 . Retrieved June 7, 2012 . ^ Training a Tiger: Raising a Winner in Golf and in Life, by Earl Woods and Pete McDaniel, 1997. ^ "Play Golf Where Tiger Became Tiger". Golf.com. ^ "Tiger Woods Timeline". Infoplease . Retrieved May 12, 2007 . [unreliable source? ] ^ Training A Tiger, by Earl Woods and Pete McDaniel, 1997, p. 64. ^ "1984 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . Retrieved May 13, 2007 . ^ The Wicked Game: Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Tiger Woods, and the Story of Modern Golf, by Howard Sounes, 2004, William Morrow, New York, ISBN 0-06-051386-1, p. 187; originally appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Nike's Tiger Woods professional career launch advertisement, August 1996. ^ "1985 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . Retrieved May 13, 2007 . ^ "1988 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . Retrieved May 13, 2007 . ^ "1989 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . Retrieved May 13, 2007 . ^ "1990 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . Retrieved May 13, 2007 . ^ "1991 Champions". Junior World Golf Championships . 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BBC News. London. February 19, 2010 . Retrieved February 26, 2010 . ^ Wright, Robert (July 24, 2000). "Gandhi and Tiger Woods". Slate . Retrieved August 13, 2007 . ^ "Tiger Woods Returns to Buddhism". ISKCON News. February 20, 2010. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010 . Retrieved March 11, 2010 . ^ Abcarian, Robin (December 13, 2009). "How did Tiger keep his secrets?". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved December 13, 2009 . ^ *"Tiger to speak at Lincoln Memorial". ESPN. Associated Press. January 16, 2009 . Retrieved January 20, 2009 . "Tiger Woods gives speech at Obama inauguration". Golf Today. January 21, 2009. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011 . Retrieved May 4, 2009 . ^ Montopoli, Brian (April 23, 2009). "Tiger Woods in the White House". CBS News . Retrieved May 3, 2009 . ^ Porter, Kyle (November 24, 2017). "President Trump plays post-Thanksgiving golf with Tiger Woods and Dustin Johnson". CBS News . Retrieved November 25, 2017 . ^ "Tiger Woods announces his relationship with Lindsey Vonn". USA Today. March 18, 2013 . Retrieved March 18, 2013 . ^ "Woods, Vonn end relationship". PGA Tour. Associated Press. May 3, 2015. ^ Christie, Sam (April 7, 2018). "Ex-golfriend: Who is Kristin Smith? Tiger Woods' ex-girlfriend, stylist and former wife of Dallas Cowboys star Gerald Sensabaugh". The Sun . Retrieved April 17, 2019 . ^ a b Kavanagh, Joanne (April 17, 2019). "Tiger's Girl?: Who is Tiger Woods girlfriend Erica Herman and how long has Masters 2019 champion been with the restaurant manager?". The Sun . Retrieved April 17, 2019 . Further reading Andrisani, John (1997). The Tiger Woods Way: An Analysis of Tiger Woods' Power-Swing Technique. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80139-2. OCLC 55124056. Clary, Jack (1997). Tiger Woods. Twickenham, England: Tiger Books International. ISBN 978-1-85501-954-6. OCLC 40859379. Feinstein, John (1999). The Majors: In Pursuit of Golf's Holy Grail. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-27971-0. OCLC 40602886. Londino, Lawrence J. (2006). Tiger Woods: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33121-3. OCLC 61109403. Rosaforte, Tim (2000). Raising the Bar: The Championship Years of Tiger Woods. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0-312-27212-8. OCLC 45248211. Woods, Tiger (2001). How I Play Golf. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 978-0-446-52931-0. OCLC 46992172. Woods, Earl; McDaniel, Pete (1997). Training a Tiger: A Father's Guide to Raising a Winner in Both Golf and Life. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-06-270178-7. OCLC 35925055. External links Official website Tiger Woods at the PGA Tour official siteTiger Woods at the European Tour official siteTiger Woods at the Japan Golf Tour official siteTiger Woods at the Official World Golf Ranking official siteTiger Woods FoundationTiger Woods Learning CenterTiger Woods on IMDbTiger Woods' Videos on mReplayTiger Woods Video on ESPN Video ArchiveTiger Woods Video on FoxSports Video Archive
  • Luther Campbell - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
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    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 14:14
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    • "Luke Skyywalker" redirects here. For the Star Wars character, see
    • Luke Skywalker.
    • American rapper, promoter, record executive, and actor
    • Luther Roderick Campbell (born December 22, 1960), also known as Luke Skyywalker, Uncle Luke and simply Luke, is an American rapper, promoter, record executive, and actor. He is best known for being the former leader of rap group 2 Live Crew, and star of his own short-lived show on VH1, Luke's Parental Advisory. As a result of one of the group's songs, which used a parody of Roy Orbison's "Oh, Pretty Woman", Campbell was party to Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., which was argued in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. As a result, the Miami New Times described Campbell as "the man whose booty-shaking madness once made the U.S. Supreme Court stand up for free speech".[1]
    • Early life [ edit ] Luther Campbell was born on December 22, 1960 in Miami, Florida. His mother was a beautician with Bahamian ancestry, his father a custodian with Jamaican ancestry.[2] The youngest of five sons, he was named after Martin Luther King Jr..
    • After graduating high school, he was asked by his mom to leave the house every weekday at 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., regardless of employment.[3]
    • Career [ edit ] Early 1980s: Early career and discovering The 2 Live Crew [ edit ] While working as a cook at Mt. Sinai Hospital in Miami Beach, Campbell was a concert promoter in Miami, bringing all the hot rap groups of the early 1980s to the city. In 1983, he enrolled in an eight-week study course at public radio station WDNA, learning basic audio editing and production techniques.
    • In 1984, he took notice of a single coming from California named ''Revelation'' by 2 Live Crew, which consisted of two rappers (Fresh Kid Ice and Amazing V) and a DJ (Mr. Mixx). The single was a smash hit on the South Florida club circuit, so he brought them from California to Miami for a performance. He took a special interest in the group and began managing them.
    • 1986: Starting a music label, joining The 2 Live Crew, and groups breakthrough [ edit ] The group eventually fully relocated in Florida without Amazing Vee and in 1986, 2 Live Crew recorded Throw the D with Ghetto Bass on the B-side, they went into a joint venture with Campbell to start Luke Skyyywalker Records, which was also his first MC name.
    • Shortly after he joined 2 Live Crew. In April of that year Brother Marquis joined the group in Miami. Campbell gave The 2 Live Crew a record deal and officially joined the group. They exploded on the local scene with their Gold-selling debut album, The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are (1986). This made Luke Skyyywalker and his bandmates rap superstars in that area.[4]
    • 1988''1991: Best selling albums and controversy [ edit ] In 1988, the group released their second album, Move Somethin' It was certified Gold and featured the singles "Move Somethin'" and "Do Wah Diddy Diddy". The album improved on the charts from the previous album, making in to #68 on the Billboard 200 and #20 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart.
    • Campbell decided to sell a separate clean version in addition to the explicit version of the album, Move Somethin' (1988), produced by Mr. Mixx. A record store clerk in Alexander City, Alabama, was cited for selling a copy to an undercover police officer in 1988. It was the first time in the United States that a record store owner was held liable for obscenity over music. The charges were dropped after a jury found the record store not guilty. Their following album Move Somethin' (1988) also went gold.[5]
    • Their third album As Nasty As They Wanna Be (1989) became the group's largest seller, being certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 1990, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ruled that the album was legally obscene;[6] this ruling was later overturned by the Eleventh Circuit.[7] It is the first album in history to be deemed legally obscene.[8] An obscenity trial followed, in which Henry Louis Gates, Jr., addressed the court on behalf of the defendants, all of whom were eventually acquitted.
    • Campbell was also infamous in the late 1980s''early 1990s for his association with the University of Miami Hurricanes football team. Campbell was alleged to have been behind what was referred to as a "pay-for-play" system, which involved cash rewards for acts such as scoring touchdowns and big hits,[9] although Campbell has never actually donated to the University of Miami or its athletics department. In 1993, he also threatened to go public with various violations by University of Miami's athletic department, specifically their football program, if Ryan Collins, a black player, wasn't named their starting quarterback for that season.[10]
    • 1990, saw the release of Banned in the U.S.A. (1990), originally credited as Luke's solo album featuring 2 Live Crew and in later editions credited as a 2 Live Crew album. The album included the hits "Do the Bart" and the title track. It was also the very first release to bear the RIAA-standard Parental Advisory warning sticker.[11] It peaked at number 20 on the Hot 100.[12]
    • The eponymous title single is a reference to the decision in a court case that its album As Nasty As They Wanna Be was obscene (the decision would later be overturned on appeal). Bruce Springsteen granted the group permission to interpolate his song "Born in the U.S.A." for it.
    • Displeased over the decision of Florida Governor Bob Martinez who, on being asked to examine the album, decided it was obscene and recommended local law enforcement take action against it and over the subsequent action of Broward County, Florida, sheriff Nick Navarro, who arrested local record-store owners on obscenity charges for selling the group's albums and the subsequent arrest of members of the group on obscenity charges, the group included the song "Fuck Martinez", which also includes multiple repetitions of the phrase "fuck Navarro". The group found two other men with the same names, and had them sign releases, as they thought that this action would make it impossible for Martinez or Navarro to sue them.
    • That same year they released Live in Concert is the first and only live album by American rap group 2 Live Crew and their fifth record overall. It was released under the Effect subsidiary label of Luke Records, a move that was deemed necessary for the company to be able to release additional 2 Live Crew material outside of their distribution deal with Atlantic Records. The album peaked at number 46 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[13]
    • Sports Weekend: As Nasty as They Wanna Be, Pt. 2 (1991). is the sixth album overall and fifth studio album by the 2 Live Crew (released in 1991) and the sequel of As Nasty As They Wanna Be. A clean version was released later that same year titled Sports Weekend: As Clean As They Wanna Be Part II and was the sequel of As Clean As They Wanna Be. This would be the last studio album by all original members of the 2 Live Crew.[14]
    • 1992''2006: Subsequent success and solo projects [ edit ] In 1992, I Got Shit on My Mind was released. It was his first official solo album without The 2 Live Crew. It peaked at #52 on the Billboard 200 chart and #20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was the album that spawned the hit single "I Wanna Rock" (better known more prominently as "Doo-Doo Brown"), which became Luke's signature song. Upon its initial release in 1992, the song did not garner much attention until the following year, when it became a runaway hit, and charted at 73 on the Hot 100.[15]
    • Also that year, he produced The Chinaman was the first solo album by Fresh Kid Ice. It was released by Effect Records, a division of Luke Records. Singles that were released to promote the album were "Dick 'Em Down," "I'll Be There," and "Freak 'Em Down" (the clean version of "Dick 'Em Down," which wasn't featured in the album). "Freak 'Em Down" was turned into a video clip. The album is noted for being the first hip hop album embracing having an Asian heritage. With songs like "Long Dick Chinese," he inverted stereotypes into prideful declarations of self-identity. He showed there was a way for Asians to exist in hip-hop.,[16] The Chinaman sold over 200,000 with very limited promotion.[17] On the Billboard charts it peaked at #38 and stayed two weeks on the Heatseekers Albums Chart, and was on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart for ten weeks, peaking at #56.[18][19]
    • June 8, 1993 saw the release of his third solo In the Nude it was another success, reaching #54 on the Billboard 200 and #8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[20]
    • In 1994, he reunited with Fresh Kid Ice, and a local rapper named Verb made an album under the banner The New 2 Live Crew. It is the last 2 Live Crew related project to feature him. The album became a moderate hit, peaking at #52 on the Billboard 200 and #9 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, as well as producing two charting singles, "Hell, Yeah" and "You Go Girl" who were both made into music videos.[21][22]
    • Freak for Life is Campbell's fourth album. It was released on July 12, 1994 through Luke Records. Freak for Life peaked at #174 on the Billboard 200 and #24 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, making it his lowest charting album at the time. One single found mild success, "It's Your Birthday" peaked at #33 on the Hot Rap Singles and #91 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.
    • Also in 1994, Campbell co-founded Liberty City Optimists, an inner city youth sports program. One of his notable apprentices is Devonta Freeman, who went on to play college football for Florida State Seminoles, rival of the Hurricanes.[23]
    • Luther Campbell and his label, Luke Records, Inc. went bankrupt in 1995 and sold their catalogs to Joseph Weinberger and Lil' Joe Records, Inc. in 1996.
    • Uncle Luke was released on May 14, 1996, on Luther Campbell Music and was mainly produced by Darren "DJ Spin" Rudnick, and Rod XL, with additional production by Frankie Cutlass, Ice Cube and Doug E. Fresh. Uncle Luke was a success, peaking at #51 on the Billboard 200 and #8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and spawned a single, "Scarred", which made it to #64 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #7 on the Hot Rap Singles, the song was also turned into a Video.
    • Changin' the Game is the sixth album released by Luke. It was released on November 11, 1997 on the Island Black Music label in collaboration with Luke Records and featured production from Campbell, Rod XL, Lil' Jon and Louis "Ugly" Howard. Though the album was met with some positive reviews, the album was flop and remains Luke's lowest charting album, only making it to #49 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. However, the single "Raise the Roof" found great success peaking at #26 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Hot Rap Singles.[24] The song helped to popularize the arm gesture by the same name which involved repeatedly extending ones arms upwards with the palms of the hands also facing upwards. The song is also featured in the compilation album Jock Jams volume 4.
    • In 1998 he played a supporting role in the movie Ride a comedy film written and directed by Millicent Shelton. It stars Malik Yoba, Fredro Starr, and Melissa De Sousa. Also that year he played a supporting role in Ice Cube' The Players Club. The comedy/drama film stars Bernie Mac, Monica Calhoun, Jamie Foxx, John Amos, A. J. Johnson, Alex Thomas, Charlie Murphy, Terrence Howard, Faizon Love and LisaRaye.
    • Somethin' Nasty is the seventh album released by Campbell. It was released on March 13, 2001 on Luke Records through Koch Records' short-lived independent label distribution unit, KELA (Koch Entertainment Label Alliance) and featured production by Luke's former 2 Live Crew bandmate, Mr. Mixx, Daz Dillinger, Gorilla Tek, and Luke himself. The album found minor success, peaking at #149 on the Billboard 200, #36 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #6 on the Top Independent Albums.
    • Luke's last release, My Life & Freaky Times, was released in March 2006, and peaked at 32 at the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[25] The first singles serviced to radio were "Holla at Cha Homeboy", featuring Pitbull & Petey Pablo, and the reggaeton-leaning "Pop That" by Plan B and Rey Chester Secretweapon.[26]
    • That same year, Campbell appear in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories as DJ Luke for the hip-hop station Fresh 105 FM. Campbell hosts a sports talk show on Miami's 790 The Ticket with former football player Terry Kirby on Saturdays.
    • 2007''present: Later work [ edit ] Luke has previously entered the adult film industry and cites on his MySpace page the need to clean up the "sometimes amateurish new courtship of Hip-Hop and Adult Entertainment".[27] He produced the Adult Entertainment movie Luke's Bachelor Party in 2007.
    • In December 2007, Campbell launched The Luke Entertainment Group and took the company public trading under the symbol LKEN on Pink Sheets. As of September 3, 2008, its current price is $0.01 per share.[28] With this launching of Luke Entertainment Campbell had bought an oil company with the stock trading symbol of FPPL. Luther Campbell was also a legendary DJ member of The Ghetto Style DJ's.
    • In 2008, he starred in his own short-lived show on VH1, Luke's Parental Advisory.
    • Campbell was interviewed about his involvement with the Miami Hurricanes for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009 as part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series.
    • In 2010, he briefly reunited with Fresh Kid Ice, Brother Marquis, and Mr. Mixx as the 2 Live Crew were honorees winners at the 2010 VH1 Hip-Hop Honors: The Dirty South Edition.[29]
    • On February 2, 2011, Campbell announced his intention to run for mayor of Miami-Dade County on a platform that includes making housing projects safer, transparency in local government, and taxing strippers.[30] He came in fourth in a field of 11 candidates, winning 11% of the vote.[31] Campbell is a registered Democrat.[32]
    • By thanksgiving 2014, Campbell reunited with 2 Live Crew (Fresh Kid Ice and Brother Marquis) for a series of shows until 2015.[33][34]
    • Style of rap [ edit ] Campbell's work as a performer can be characterized as Southern rap; most of it is part of the Miami bass subgenre. The sexual content of his group's lyrics caused controversy and led to legal cases. Usually, Campbell does not rap but rather shouts or chants'--very often in a call and response manner, with him calling and the crowd responding.
    • Personal life [ edit ] He has six children from five previous relationships.[citation needed ] On July 19, 2008, he married law school graduate Kristin Thompson in Dallas, Texas. She is the mother of his seventh child.[citation needed ] Luther was brought up in Liberty City, Miami.
    • On February 18, 2009, Campbell was arrested for falling behind on child support payments.[35] He became a columnist for the Miami New Times[36] in February 2010. His column, Luke's Gospel,[37] provides "a forum for his crazy-ass views on current events," which include politics, sports and entertainment. He is quoted on the web site as saying: "It's the perfect place for me. I am a free-speech guy. It's just a match made in Heaven. Can you believe it? Me turned loose on the world in New Times. Wow."[38]
    • In 2014, Campbell tweeted that he would be defensive coordinator for Miami Norland Senior High School in 2014.
    • Discography [ edit ] Studio albums [ edit ] Compilation albums [ edit ] 1996: Greatest Hits2000: Luke's Freak Fest 20002002: Scandalous: The All Star CompilationSingles [ edit ] This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. ( July 2018 )References [ edit ] ^ Luther Campbell (January 11, 2011). "Column, "Luke for Miami Mayor!" January 11, 2011" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ Jamaican Ancestry ^ Bishop, Greg (November 5, 2012). "Luther Campbell Has a New Gig, and a New Rap for His Players". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ "Gold & Platinum '' RIAA". RIAA . Retrieved October 24, 2017 . ^ "Gold & Platinum '' RIAA". RIAA . Retrieved October 24, 2017 . ^ Skyywalker Records, Inc. v. Navarro, 739 F.Supp. 578 (S.D. Fla. 1990). ^ Luke Records, Inc. v. Navarro, 960 F.2d 134 (11th Cir. 1992). ^ Deflem, Mathieu. 2019. "Popular Culture and Social Control: The Moral Panic on Music Labeling." American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 44 (First published online July 24, 2019). ^ "Cash Bounties Reported at Miami". May 21, 1994 . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "Rapper's Threats on Behalf of Collins Trouble Qb's Dad". Sun Sentinel . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ Schonfeld, Zach. "Does the Parental Advisory Label Still Matter?". Newsweek . Retrieved July 24, 2016 . ^ "Luke Banned In The U.S.A. Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ "The 2 Live Crew Live In Concert Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved April 3, 2018 . ^ Wong Won, Christopher 'Fresh Kid Ice" (July 20, 2015). "My Rise 2 Fame": The Tell All Autobiography of a Hip Hop Legend. Iconic Three Media Group, LLC. ^ "Luke I Wanna Rock Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ Schwartz, Zachary (2015). "A BRIEF HISTORY OF ASIANS IN HIP-HOP, FROM 2 LIVE CREW TO "IT G MA " ". Playboy . Retrieved November 20, 2015 . ^ Wong Won, Christopher "Fresh Kid Ice" (July 20, 2015). "My Rise 2 Fame": The Tell All Autobiography of a Hip Hop Legend. Iconic Three Media Group, LLC. ^ "Heatseekers Albums Fresh Kid Ice Is The Chinaman". Billboard. ^ "Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Fresh Kid Ice The Chinaman". Billboard. ^ "Luke In The Nude Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ "The New 2 Live Crew Back At Your Ass For The Nine-4 Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ "The New 2 Live Crew Back At Your Ass For The Nine-4 Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved February 26, 2019 . ^ "Devonta Freeman has unlikely, but inspiring mentor". YouTube . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "Luke Raise The Roof Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ "Uncle Luke My Life & Freaky Times Chart History". Billboard . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ Clark, Carlos (February 1, 2006). "2 Live Crew Member Tells All". CMJ. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006 . Retrieved March 12, 2006 . ^ Luther Canpbell, Myspace. ^ "LUKE ENTERTAINMENT (LKEN.PK)". Yahoo! Finance . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "Live from VH1 2010 Hip Hop Honors: The Dirty South". Essence . Retrieved February 27, 2019 . ^ "It's Official: Luther Campbell To Run For Mayor CBS Miami" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "Dade '' Election Results" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "Luther Rodrick Campbell Voting Record" Archived April 14, 2013, at Archive.today, FindTheData. ^ "2 Live Crew Reunion at LIV". New Miami Times. November 27, 2014. ^ "2 Live Crew & Uncle Luke at LIV". World Red Eye. August 31, 2015. ^ Castillo, Arielle (February 20, 2009). "Luther Campbell Speaks on Going to Jail". Miami New Times . Retrieved September 1, 2016 . ^ S. Pajot (November 25, 2014). "Miami New Times website" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ "List of Campbell's columns on the Miami New Times website" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . ^ Luther Campbell (February 23, 2010). " " Fire Heat coach Erik Spoelstra," February 25, 2010" . Retrieved November 26, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Uncle Luke's Gospel '' His Personal BlogLuther Campbell on IMDbLuther Campbell InterviewLuke Entertainment GroupAppearances on C-SPAN
  • A Rising Tide Lifts All Yachts - The Atlantic
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    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 13:57
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    • When President Obama leaves office there will almost certainly be efforts to ascertain the impact of our first black president on the black community. Defenders of the president's record will likely point to Obamacare as the kind of program that expanded the safety net for everyone but specifically for those in need -- a class in which African Americans are overly represented.
    • I have, of late, been anxious to add an asterisk to this accolade. As I've noted before, black people are also disproportionately represented in many of the states which are refusing the Medicaid expansion. Thus the idea that Obama has aided poor black people through a broad race-blind expansion of the social safety net deserves some scrutiny.
    • A sweeping national effort to extend health coverage to millions of Americans will leave out two-thirds of the poor blacks and single mothers and more than half of the low-wage workers who do not have insurance, the very kinds of people that the program was intended to help, according to an analysis of census data by The New York Times...The 26 states that have rejected the Medicaid expansion are home to about half of the country's population, but about 68 percent of poor, uninsured blacks and single mothers. About 60 percent of the country's uninsured working poor are in those states. Among those excluded are about 435,000 cashiers, 341,000 cooks and 253,000 nurses' aides.
    • Blacks are disproportionately affected, largely because more of them are poor and living in Southern states. In all, 6 out of 10 blacks live in the states not expanding Medicaid. In Mississippi, 56 percent of all poor and uninsured adults are black, though they account for just 38 percent of the population.
    • Dr. Aaron Shirley, a physician who has worked for better health care for blacks in Mississippi, said that the history of segregation and violence against blacks still informs the way people see one another, particularly in the South, making some whites reluctant to support programs that they believe benefit blacks....
    • Dr. Shirley said: "If you look at the history of Mississippi, politicians have used race to oppose minimum wage, Head Start, all these social programs. It's a tactic that appeals to people who would rather suffer themselves than see a black person benefit."
    • Indeed. Liberals who believe they can fool racists by changing the subject from racism to class underestimate the intelligence of their audience. "All that it would take to sink a new WPA program would be some skillfully packaged footage of black men leaning on shovels smoking cigarettes," writes sociologist Douglass Massey. "Papering over the issue of race makes for bad social theory, bad research and bad public policy."
    • To say nothing of morality. Because we live in a segregated country, the people who must bear the burden of the uninsured black poor will ultimately be other black people. This is not just a matter of individual black people not having insurance. It is a shock to the entire system, the entire network of black people who -- because of white supremacy -- live segregated lives, and must bear this on their own.
    • More later. If you've been reading me the past few months, you know that I am wholly unsurprised.
    • We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters@theatlantic.com.
    • Ta-Nehisi Coates is a national correspondent for
    • The Atlantic, where he writes about culture, politics, and social issues. He is the author of
    • The Beautiful Struggle,
    • Between the World and Me, and
    • We Were Eight Years in Power.
  • The Grio - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 13:46
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    • theGrioType of site
    • News websiteAvailable inEnglishOwnerEntertainment StudiosCreated byDavid A. Wilson, Daniel Woolsey, Barion L. GrantWebsite thegrio.com CommercialYesTheGrio is an American website with news, opinion, entertainment and video content geared toward African Americans.[1] Originally launched in June 2009 as a division of NBC News,[2][3] it became a division of MSNBC in 2013. It was founded by the team who created the documentary film Meeting David Wilson. In 2014, it was sold to its founders.[4] In June, 2016, Byron Allen's Entertainment Studios acquired the site.[5]
    • History [ edit ] TheGrio's editorial mandate is to "focus on news and events that have a unique interest and/or pronounced impact within the national African Americans audience,"[6] offering what co-founder, and Executive Editor David Wilson feels "are underrepresented in existing national news outlets".
    • The website's name is derived from the word griot, the term for a West African oral historian and storyteller.[7]
    • Personnel [ edit ] Founders [ edit ] David A. Wilson (Co-founder, Executive Editor)[8]Daniel Woolsey (Co-founder, Director of Operations)[8]Barion L. Grant (Co-founder, Former Director of Sales)[8]Editors [ edit ] Wendy L. Wilson (Managing Editor)[8]Natasha S. Alford (Deputy Editor)[8][9]References [ edit ] ^ Kee, Tameka (June 10, 2009). "Can NBCU's TheGrio.com Succeed Where RushmoreDrive.com Failed?". CBS News . Retrieved March 27, 2013 . ^ "The Grio Web Site". C-SPAN Video Library, August 20, 2012. ^ "TheGrio reveals annual Top 100 list". Today, February 4, 2013. ^ Jordan Chariton (August 14, 2014). "NBC News Selling TheGrio.com". TVNewser . Retrieved August 22, 2014 . ^ Debbie Emery (June 14, 2016). "Byron Allen's Entertainment Studios Acquires TheGrio". TheWrap . Retrieved August 22, 2014 . ^ Ham, Jon (August 10, 2009). "NBC's theGrio.com needs diversity training". Carolina Journal Online. ^ Mayes, Julia (October 3, 2011). "Positively Black: NBC Launches The Grio". 4 NBC New York. ^ a b c d e "theGrio team". theGrio. Retrieved March 14, 2013. ^ https://www.girlboss.com/work/2018-3-21-female-leaders-media External links [ edit ] Official website TheGrio.com '' NBC Universal Media VillageMeeting David Wilson. NBC News.
  • Benjamin Crump - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 13:32
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    • Benjamin Lloyd Crump (born October 10, 1969) is an American civil rights attorney and founder of the Tallahassee, Florida-based law firm Ben Crump Law. He is known for his association with the 2012/2013 George Zimmerman case, and for representing the family of Michael Brown, an 17-year-old African-American male shot and killed by police in Ferguson, Missouri.[1][2]
    • Early life and education [ edit ] Benjamin Lloyd Crump was born in Lumberton, North Carolina, near Fort Bragg, where his biological father served in the United States Army.[3] The oldest of nine siblings and step-siblings, Crump grew up in an extended family and was raised by his grandmother Mittie.[4] His mother Helen, worked as a hotel maid and in a local Converse shoe factory.[5] His mother sent him to attend South Plantation High school in Plantation, Florida where he lived with her second husband, a math teacher, whom Crump identifies as his father.[5][6]
    • He attended Florida State University and received his bachelor's degree in criminal justice in 1992. Crump received his Juris Doctor from Florida State University in 1995.[7] A classmate of Crump's at Florida State University College of Law was journalist Shannon Bream.[8] He is a life member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity.[9]
    • Career [ edit ] Crump is known for taking on cases that garner widespread media attention and civil rights implications. An example was the shooting of Trayvon Martin, who on February 26, 2012 was killed by George Zimmerman. Crump represents Martin's family.[10]
    • Crump also represented the family of Alesia Thomas, a 35-year-old single African-American mother who died while in police custody in August 2012.[11] Journalist Chuck Philips reported that during the arrest by female Officer Mary O'Callaghan, Thomas was "slammed to the ground, handcuffed behind her back, kicked in the groin, hog-tied and stuffed into the back seat of a patrol car, where she died."[12] Crump demanded that dashboard video of the incident be released, threatening legal action and encouraging Attorney General Eric Holder to launch a federal probe.[12][13] In October 2013, one of the arresting officers was charged with felony assault of Thomas, pleading not guilty.[14] Judge Shelly Torrealba signed off on a request by the district attorney's office to only release the video to prosecutors and defense attorneys. This was to prevent the tainting of potential jury candidates O'Callaghan's attorney Robert Rico said.[15]
    • On August 11, 2014, the family of Michael Brown announced that they would be hiring Crump to represent their case, especially as the death had been widely compared to the Trayvon Martin case.[16][17][18]
    • Other past clients include the family of Martin Lee Anderson, an African-American teenager who died after a beating in 2006 by guards in a Florida youth detention center; the family of Genie McMeans, Jr., an African-American driver who died after being shot by a white state Trooper; the family of Ronald Weekley Jr., a 20-year-old African American skateboarder beaten by police in Venice, California;[12][19][20][21] the family of Tamir Rice, an African-American youth who was killed by police in Cleveland, Ohio while holding an air gun (a replica of a real gun);[22] and the family of Antonio Zambrano-Montes, an illegal immigrant from Mexico who was killed by three policeman in Pasco, Washington while throwing rocks.[23] He previously represented the family of Kendrick Johnson, an African-American high school student who was found dead at his school in Valdosta, Georgia under mysterious circumstances, but stepped down from their legal team in late 2015.[24][25] Crump is representing the family of Corey Jones, who was killed by a plainclothes officer while waiting for a tow truck in South Florida.[26]
    • Crump currently represents Terrence Crutcher's family, an unarmed black man shot and killed by a Tulsa Police officer[27] as well as Zeke Upshaw, an NBA G League player who collapsed midgame in 2018 and was delayed assistance by the NBA's paramedics.
    • In April 2017, Crump appeared as an attorney on the American reality prime time court show You the Jury, canceled after two episodes. Later, in December 2017, Crump investigated the murder of Tupac Shakur in the television documentary series Who Killed Tupac? The show narrates an investigation led by Crump who works with Tupac's brother, Mopreme Shakur.[28] In 2018, Crump hosted a documentary television series on TV One called Evidence of Innocence.[29] The show focused on people who served at least a decade behind bars for being wrongfully convicted of a crime. Crump hoped to "impact the larger society about these larger matters so they can be aware when they go into the courtroom as jurors".[30]
    • In 2017 Crump announced the opening of a new law firm, Ben Crump law, PLLC.[31] In 2018 he became a Board Member for the National Black Justice Coalition.
    • Bibliography [ edit ] Crump, Benjamin L. "Ben Crump '-- the Man Who Represented the Families of Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin, and Tamir Rice '-- Will Not Stop Fighting for Justice." NowThis.[32] 2018.[1]Crump, Benjamin L. ''Every Black Person Has Had A 'Starbucks Moment'.[33]'' HuffPost, HuffPost, 21 Apr. 2018.Crump, Benjamin L. ''After Stephon Clark's Death, Chock and Mourning in Communities across the Nation.[34]'' USA Today, USA Today, 29 Mar. 2018.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Stand Your Ground Is a License to Kill. Repeal It.[35]'' Miami Herald, Miami Herald, 5 Feb. 2018.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Libyan Slave Trade Perpetuates The Commodification of Black Bodies.[36]'' HuffPost, HuffPost, 5 Jan. 2018.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Civil Rights Resolutions for a Better America in 2018.[37]'' CNN, CNN, 2 Jan. 2018.Crump, Benjamin L. ''The Unsolved Murder of Tupac Shakur Speaks To The Black Male's Experience Nationwide.[38]'' HuffPost, HuffPost, 12 Dec. 2017.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Trump's Response To Charlottesville Was Far Too Little And Way Too Late.[39]'' HuffPost, HuffPost, 15 Aug. 2017.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Only A Just America Will Be A Truly Great America.[40]'' HuffPost, The HuffPost, 15 Jan. 2017.Crump, Benjamin L. ''Benjamin Crump: Seven Deaths Cannot Be In Vain.[41]'' TIME, TIME, 8 July 2016.Crump, Benjamin (April 20, 2015). "Will America now challenge the standard police narrative?". United States. Crime. Time (South Pacific ed.). 185 (14): 22. References [ edit ] ^ Hicks, Johnathan P. (April 18, 2012). "Trayvon Family's Lawyer, a Career Steeped in Civil Rights Cases". BET. ^ "Oklahoma Tulsa Police Shooting". CNN. September 20, 2016. ^ The Grio (March 30, 2012). "Benjamin Crump: Martin family lawyer known for civil rights cases". thegrio.com. ^ "Trayvon Martin Family Lawyer Is Versed In Civil Rights Cases". newsone.com. March 30, 2012. ^ a b Barbara Ash; Florida State University Law Review (2006). "BEN CRUMP Seeking Justice for All: BEATING THE ODDS Ben Crump Winning the 'No-Win' Cases" (PDF) . law.fsu.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-12. ^ Mark Schneider; Associated Press (March 30, 2012). "Martin family lawyer known for civil rights cases When Benjamin Crump got his first call from Trayvon Martin's father last month, the attorney counseled patience". startribune.com. ^ "Benjamin L. Crump '' Parks and Crump Attorneys at Law". Parkscrump.com. 2014-06-20 . Retrieved 2014-08-15 . ^ "Twitter / ShannonBream: Still surprises me whenever". Twitter.com . Retrieved 2014-08-15 . ^ "Ben Crump '' Ben Crump" . Retrieved 2019-11-19 . ^ "Trayvon Martin Family's Lawyer Benjamin Crump Known For Civil Rights Cases". Huffington Post. March 30, 2012 . Retrieved April 8, 2012 . ^ Romero, Dennis (August 30, 2012). "Alesia Thomas: Woman Dies in LAPD Custody Amid 'Questionable Tactics,' Police Say". LA Weekly. ^ a b c Philips, Chuck (October 15, 2012). "What Happened to Alesia Thomas". Chuck Philips Post . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ Romero, Dennis Romero (October 15, 2012). "LAPD's Alesia Thomas Beating Video Demanded By Attorney Benjamin Crump". LA Weekly . Retrieved 24 October 2013 . ^ Botelho, Greg (October 10, 2013). "LAPD officer charged with assaulting arrested woman, who later died". CNN . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . ^ Abdollah, Tami (15 October 2013). "Mary O'Callaghan Pleads Not Guilty To Felony Assault". The Huffington Post. ^ Swaine, Jon (12 August 2014). "Michael Brown shooting: police use teargas to crack down on protesters". The Guardian . Retrieved 18 August 2014 . ^ Blackburn, Doug (August 15, 2014). "Friends of Brown family called on civil-rights lawyer". USA Today . Retrieved August 19, 2014 . ^ Cadet, Danielle (August 11, 2014). "Benjamin Crump Representing Michael Brown's Family After Teen's Fatal Shooting". Huffington Post . Retrieved August 19, 2014 . ^ "Benjamin Crump '' Bay county camp, martin anderson case". Orlando Sentinel . Retrieved April 8, 2012 . ^ "How lawyer got nation talking about Trayvon Martin". NPR . Retrieved April 8, 2012 . ^ Schneider, Mike (March 30, 2012). "Martin Family lawyer known for civil rights cases". The Grio. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012 . Retrieved April 8, 2012 . ^ Cleveland Plain Dealer: "Tamir Rice's family hires attorney who represented families of Michael Brown and Trayvon Martin" By Patrick Cooley December 08, 2014 ^ New York Daily News: "Family of unarmed Mexican man killed by police in Pasco, Wash., hires civil rights attorney Benjamin Crump" BY Rachelle Blidner February 24, 2015 ^ "Kendrick Johnson Update: "It's a real-life murder mystery," atty Benjamin Crump says of Ga. teen's gym mat death". www.cbsnews.com . Retrieved 2016-02-06 . ^ "Kendrick Johnson probe: Attorney exits mark shift - CNN.com". CNN . Retrieved 2016-02-06 . ^ Robles, Frances; Hauser, Christine (22 October 2015). "Lawyers Provide Details in Police Shooting of Corey Jones in Florida". The New York Times . Retrieved 16 November 2015 . ^ CNN ^ Clarkson, Brett. "Who killed Tupac Shakur? Florida attorney investigates in A&E series". Sun-Sentinel.com . Retrieved 2018-06-25 . ^ Shadowandact.com ^ "Civil-rights attorney Ben Crump hosts new television series 'Evidence of Innocence' tonight". Tallahassee Democrat . Retrieved 2018-06-25 . ^ Digital Journal ^ "NowThis". www.facebook.com . Retrieved 2018-07-12 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (April 21, 2018). "Every Black Person Has Had A 'Starbucks Moment ' ". HuffPost . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (March 29, 2018). "After Stephon Clark's death, shock and mourning in communities across the nation". USA Today. ^ Crump, Benjamin (February 5, 2018). "Stand Your Ground is a license to Kill. Repeal it". Miami Herald . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (January 5, 2018). "Libyan Slave Trade Perpetuates The Commodification of Black Bodies". HuffPost . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (January 2, 2018). "Civil rights resolutions for a better America in 2018" . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (December 17, 2017). "The Unsolved Murder Of Tupac Shakur Speaks To The Black Male's Experience Nationwide". HuffPost . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (August 15, 2017). "Trump's Response To Charlottesville was Fra Too Little And Way Too Late". HuffPost . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (January 15, 2017). "Only A Just America Will Be A Truly Great America". HuffPost . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ Crump, Benjamin (July 8, 2016). "Benjamin Crump: Seven Deaths Cannot Be In Vain". TIME . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Benjamin Crump on IMDbAppearances on C-SPAN
  • Steve Cokely - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 16 Dec 2019 13:26
    •  
    • Steve Cokely (June 17, 1952 '' April 11, 2012) was an American political researcher and lecturer who lectured nationally on political and economic issues relating especially to the African American community.
    • Overview [ edit ] Steve Cokely was also a futurologist who commented extensively on water conservation, organic farming, and communal living. Cokely gave over 5,000 lectures on the topic of global warming and corporate conspiracies, the Trilateral Commission, The Bilderberg Group, Rothchilds, Rockefellers, Boule, etc.
    • Cokely's research delved into the history of Marcus Garvey, the Black Panthers and other areas of African-American history.
    • Cokely lectured at many college campuses nationally and was also known for exposing, with its own literature, a Black Male elite organization known as the Sigma Pi Phi[1] and the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr by the hands of Rev.Jesse Jackson and the C.I.A.[2] Despite being presented to by Cokely with unimpeachable data, many who oppose Cokely have pejoratively labelled his lectures as conspiracy theories, a phrase that was weaponized by the CIA in CIA Document 1035-960 in response to penetrating criticism of the Warren Commission's findings, or the lack thereof.
    • Chicago and Anti-Semitism charges [ edit ] Cokely was assistant to the special committee on rules under Mayor Harold Washington. He gained notoriety when he served as special assistant to the former mayor of Chicago, Eugene Sawyer.
    • Cokely was criticized for teaching that Jewish doctors were using the AIDS virus in an attempted genocide against Africans. His comments created a nationally publicized controversy in 1988 and he was dismissed from his position as aide to Sawyer.[3]
    • When in 1990 Illinois Governor James Thompson signed an agreement to open an Israeli Aircraft Industries plant in Rockford, Cokely was an outspoken opponent. He argued that Black leaders in Illinois should oppose Israeli war industries because of their military support for the Apartheid system in South Africa.[4]
    • "Our Roots Run Deep" appearance [ edit ] Cokely gained the national spotlight again in 1996 after he was scheduled to speak at "Our Roots Run Deep", a Black History Month lecture series in New York City hosted by the Warner Music Group. Also scheduled were Al Sharpton, Conrad Muhammad, Jimmy Castor, Hannibal Lokumbe and Dick Gregory. The Jewish Defense Organization objected, organizing a call-in campaign to Warner Brothers and threatening a boycott. The Anti-Defamation League and the New York Post also objected to Cokely (as well as Sharpton and Muhammad) speaking at the event. Warner removed Cokely and Muhammad without issuing a press release.[5][6]
    • References [ edit ] ^ Kimbrough, Walter M. (2003). Black Greek 101: the culture, customs, and challenges of Black fraternities and sororities. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8386-3977-1. ^ "Theorists believe city responsible for death of Dr. King". Tri-State Defender. August 13, 2003. ^ Dirk Johnson, "Racial Politics: Chicago's Raw Nerve", New York Times, 19 February 1989; accessed via ProQuest, 28 May 2013. ^ Billy Montgomery, "Activist links Illinois-Israeli plane project to South Africa", Michigan Citizen, 17 March 1990; accessed via ProQuest, 28 May 2013. "An agreement signed by Illinois Governor James Thompson to bring an Israeli aircraft plant to Rockford, is an insult to Blacks and the South African movement, according to a Chicago activist. 'The problem with this deal is that the Israeli Aircraft Industry has an alliance with the South African military,' declarles Steve Cokely, who has mounted a campaign to alert the Black community to the potential dangers of the move." ^ Wilbert A. Tatum, "JDO, ADL, N.Y. Post force Time Warner to alter Black History Month program", New York Amsterdam News, 10 February 1996; accessed via ProQuest, 28 May 2013. ^ Matthew Fleischer, "Snipped 'Roots'", The Village Voice, 13 February 1996; accessed via ProQuest, 28 May 2013. External links [ edit ] Cokely's official siteAn Anti-Defamation League press release regarding Cokely

• Music in this episode
  • Intro: Keep Ya Head Up - 2Pac
  • Outro: Neither One of Us - Gladys Night & The Pips

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