• Moe Factz with Adam Curry for January 13th 2020, Episode number 21

• You're the Father

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• Description
  • Adam and Moe analyze the Patriarchy and the destructive work television has had on men, black men in particular

• Shownotes
  • Loni Love - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 21:11
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    • Loni Love (born July 12, 1971) is an American comedian, television host, actress, and author. While working as an electrical engineer in the early 2000s, she switched to music engineering, until later launching a career in stand-up comedy. She was the runner-up on Star Search 2003 and was named among the "Top 10 Comics to Watch" in both Variety and Comedy Central in 2009. She is one of the co-hosts of the syndicated daytime talk show The Real, which is in its sixth season, alongside Jeannie Mai, Tamera Mowry, Adrienne Bailon, and Amanda Seales, which premiered on July 15, 2013.[3]
    • Life and career [ edit ] Love was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in the Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects.[4][5][6] Prior to her career as a comedian, she was an electrical engineer,[7] an experience she talks about in many of her acts.[8] After graduating from Cass Technical High School in 1989, she had worked for a time on the General Motors assembly line putting doors on 1993 Oldsmobile Cutlasses, work which ignited her interest in electrical engineering.[6] Love then received her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Prairie View A&M University in Texas.[9] While at Prairie View, she minored in music and was also a member of the Eta Beta chapter of Delta Sigma Theta.[10] It was there that she discovered stand-up comedy after winning a $50 competition and then performed frequently during her college life.[11][9] After finding work as an engineer at Xerox in California, she continued to do stand-up after work in clubs and became a regular at the Laugh Factory.[12] After eight years of working at Xerox, Love resigned to pursue comedy during a layoff to prevent someone else from losing their job.[12] Recently Love did a show on VH1 called I Love the 2000s which she gives her view on 2000-2009's pop culture highlights and became a Roundtable panelist for her friend and fellow comic Chelsea Handler.
    • Love started her comedic career in 2003, after appearing on Star Search, reaching the finals and losing in a close competition to the winner.[13] Since then, she has appeared in films and numerous television shows.[9][14] She has also acted in dramatic theatre plays.[citation needed ] Love was named "Hot Comic" for 2009 in Campus Activity magazine and one of the "Top 10 Comics to Watch" in both Variety and Comedy Central.[9] She was awarded the Jury Prize for best stand-up at the 2003 US Comedy Arts Festival.[citation needed ] In 2008 Love became the CNN correspondent for D. L. Hughley Breaks the News and covered the inauguration of President Barack Obama. She also appears regularly in comedy clubs and the college comedy circuit.[citation needed ] In late 2009, Love recorded her first one-hour Comedy Central special, America's Sister, which aired on May 8, 2010.[15] In July 2013, Loni released her first comedy advice book titled "Love Him Or Leave Him But Don't Get Stuck With The Tab". It was published by Simon and Schuster. In 2013, Love became one of the hosts of the syndicated daytime talk show, The Real, alongside Tamera Mowry, Adrienne Bailon, Jeannie Mai, and Tamar Braxton, which premiered on July 15, 2013 on Fox Television Stations.[16] The show was approved to return September 15, 2014. She and her co-hosts have won two NAACP Image Awards and a Daytime Emmy Award for their work. In 2015, she appeared in the comedy film Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2, with Kevin James, and the action film Bad Asses on the Bayou, with Danny Trejo and Danny Glover.[17] She also won the ninth season Worst Cooks in America in 2016, winning $50,000 for her chosen charity.[18]
    • Filmography [ edit ] Awards and nominations [ edit ] Daytime Emmy Award [ edit ] Note: The year given is the year of the ceremony
    • References [ edit ] ^ Shea, Ryan (13 July 2019). "Inside Loni Love & James Welsh's New York City Date Night". OK! . Retrieved 1 November 2019 . ^ a b "417 at 4:17: An Interview with Comedian Loni Love - 417 Blog '-- March 2010 - Southwest Missouri". 417mag.com . Retrieved 2010-08-31 . ^ "It's Official: 'The Real' Talk Show Begins Four-Week Test Run July 15". Deadline Hollywood. June 12, 2013 . Retrieved 28 July 2013 . ^ "Growing up in the Brewster Projects gave this comedian a nitty-gritty toughness". www.michiganradio.org . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ Baetens, Melody. "Comedian Loni Love is on top". Detroit News . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ a b Stone, Karleigh (2017-09-29). "Detroit's ReMARKable Woman, Loni Love". SEEN Magazine . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ Joszor, Njai (27 August 2009), Lonie Love: Laughter For Life, Singersroom.com, archived from the original on 31 August 2009 , retrieved 2009-11-13 ^ Richardson, Emma (3 November 2009), Loni Love Foxy (And Funny) Problem Solver, Real Detroit Weekly , retrieved 2009-11-13 [permanent dead link ] ^ a b c d "Her university discovery". 2019-08-22 . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ Carnes, Jim. "Loni Love will say what's on her mind at Punch Line '-- Sacramento Entertainment '-- Sacramento Movie Theaters, Music | Sacramento Bee". Sacbee.com . Retrieved 2010-08-31 . [dead link ] ^ " ' The Real' co-host Loni Love has her eyes set on late-night". Los Angeles Times. 2017-07-20 . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-01-31 . Retrieved 2010-10-01 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ Loni Love & John Roy, CBS Broadcasting Inc. , retrieved 2009-11-16 ^ "Loni Love | TV Guide". TVGuide.com . Retrieved 2019-09-19 . ^ "Interview: Loni Love: American Sister". The Trades. 2010-04-20. Archived from the original on 2012-03-07 . Retrieved 2010-08-31 . ^ "Tamera Mowry, Tamar Braxton & Adrienne Bailon Land Talk Show". rumorfix.com. June 1, 2013 . Retrieved June 1, 2013 . ^ "Loni Love Lands A New Role In 'Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2'²!". 9 April 2014. ^ Erdos, Joseph. "Exclusive Interview with the Winner of Worst Cooks Celebrity Edition". Television Food Network . Retrieved December 12, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Loni Love on IMDb
  • Loni Love Admits She Hasn't Met Her Boyfriend's Kids Even Though They Live In The Same City | Loni Love | Celebrities | BET
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 21:12
    •  
    • Published October 2nd
    • Written by Moriba Cummings
    • Loni Love has been dating her boyfriend, James Welsh, for a year now, and she recently revealed that she has yet to meet his children. That may raise a red flag for many, but the talk show host insists it's been her choice to stay away from her man's kids.
    • During Monday's episode of The Real, the comedian candidly opened up about her decision.
    • "I haven't met James' grandkids," she said. "I ain't met them yet. I haven't met the kids yet, either."
    • She added that they have been reaching out to her and even live in the same city as she does, but she has no interest to extend communication, for now at least.
    • "They've been sending me videos and stuff and everything," she added. "They live here [in Los Angeles]. Uh huh."
    • She explained that her reasoning is simple: "I ain't ready yet," she admitted. "They see me on TV every day. They know my personality."
    • Take a look at the clip, below:
    • As she often says on the show, she's just keeping it real.
    • (Photo by Matt Winkelmeyer/Getty Images for Los Angeles Dodgers Foundation)
    • Get the latest from BET in your inbox! Sign up now for the latest in celebrity, sports, news and style from BET. By clicking submit, I consent to receiving BET Newsletters and other marketing emails. BET Newsletters are subject to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. Users can unsubscribe at anytime. BET Newsletters are sent by BET Networks, 1540 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. www.bet.com
  • Gloria Steinem - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 21:46
    •  
    • American activist
    • Gloria Marie Steinem (; born March 25, 1934) is an American feminist, journalist, and social political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the American feminist movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[1][7][2]
    • Steinem was a columnist for New York magazine, and a co-founder of Ms. magazine.[2] In 1969, Steinem published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation",[8] which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader.[9]
    • Steinem speaking with supporters at the Women Together Arizona Summit at Carpenters Local Union in
    • Phoenix, Arizona, September 2016.
    • In 2005, Steinem, Jane Fonda, and Robin Morgan co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that "works to make women visible and powerful in the media".[10]
    • As of May 2018[update], Steinem traveled internationally as an organizer and lecturer, and was a media spokeswoman on issues of equality.[6]
    • Early life [ edit ] Steinem was born on March 25, 1934, in Toledo, Ohio,[7] the daughter of Ruth (n(C)e Nuneviller) and Leo Steinem. Her mother was Presbyterian, mostly of German (including Prussian) and some Scottish descent.[11][12] Her father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from W¼rttemberg, Germany, and Radziej"w, Poland.[12][13][14][15] Her paternal grandmother, Pauline Perlmutter Steinem, was chairwoman of the educational committee of the National Woman Suffrage Association, a delegate to the 1908 International Council of Women, and the first woman to be elected to the Toledo Board of Education, as well as a leader in the movement for vocational education.[16] Pauline also rescued many members of her family from the Holocaust.[16]
    • The Steinems lived and traveled about in a trailer, from which Leo carried out his trade as a roaming antiques dealer.[16] Before Gloria was born, her mother, Ruth, then age 34, had a "nervous breakdown," which left her an invalid, trapped in delusional fantasies that occasionally turned violent.[17] She changed "from an energetic, fun-loving, book-loving" woman into "someone who was afraid to be alone, who could not hang on to reality long enough to hold a job, and who could rarely concentrate enough to read a book."[17] Ruth spent long periods in and out of sanatoriums for the mentally ill.[17] Steinem was 10 years old when her parents finally separated in 1944.[17] Her father went to California to find work, while she and her mother continued to live together in Toledo.[17]
    • While her parents divorced under the stress of her mother's illness, Steinem did not attribute it at all to chauvinism on the father's part '-- she claims to have "understood and never blamed him for the breakup."[18] Nevertheless, the impact of these events had a formative effect on her personality: while her father, a traveling salesman, had never provided much financial stability to the family, his exit aggravated their situation.[19] Steinem concluded that her mother's inability to hold on to a job was evidence of general hostility towards working women.[19] She also concluded that the general apathy of doctors towards her mother emerged from a similar anti-woman animus.[19] Years later, Steinem described her mother's experience as pivotal to her understanding of social injustices.[20]: 129''138 These perspectives convinced Steinem that women lacked social and political equality.[20]
    • Steinem attended Waite High School in Toledo and Western High School in Washington, D.C., graduating from the latter while living with her older sister Susanne Steinem Patch.[21][22] She then attended Smith College,[23] an institution with which she continues to remain engaged, and from which she graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa[clarification needed ].[6] In the late 1950s, Steinem spent two years in India as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow, where she was briefly associated with the Supreme Court of India as a Law Clerk to Mehr Chand Mahajan, then Chief Justice of India.[24] After returning to the U.S., she served as director of the Independent Research Service, an organization funded in secret by a donor that turned out to be the CIA.[25] She worked to send non-Communist American students to the 1959 World Youth Festival.[25] In 1960, she was hired by Warren Publishing as the first employee of Help! magazine.[26]
    • Journalism career [ edit ] Esquire magazine features editor Clay Felker gave freelance writer Steinem what she later called her first "serious assignment", regarding contraception; he didn't like her first draft and had her re-write the article.[27] Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique by one year.[27][28]
    • In 1963, while working on an article for Huntington Hartford's Show magazine, Steinem was employed as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club.[29] The article, published in 1963 as "A Bunny's Tale", featured a photo of Steinem in Bunny uniform and detailed how women were treated at those clubs.[30] Steinem has maintained that she is proud of the work she did publicizing the exploitative working conditions of the bunnies and especially the sexual demands made of them, which skirted the edge of the law.[31][32] However, for a brief period after the article was published, Steinem was unable to land other assignments; in her words, this was "because I had now become a Bunny '' and it didn't matter why."[31][33]
    • In the interim, she conducted an interview with John Lennon for Cosmopolitan magazine in 1964.[34] In 1965, she wrote for NBC-TV's weekly satirical revue, That Was The Week That Was (TW3), contributing a regular segment entitled "Surrealism in Everyday Life".[35] Steinem eventually landed a job at Felker's newly founded New York magazine in 1968.[27]
    • In 1969, she covered an abortion speak-out for New York Magazine, which was held in a church basement in Greenwich, New York.[36][37] Steinem had had an abortion herself in London at the age of 22.[38] She felt what she called a "big click" at the speak-out, and later said she didn't "begin my life as an active feminist" until that day.[37] As she recalled, "It [abortion] is supposed to make us a bad person. But I must say, I never felt that. I used to sit and try and figure out how old the child would be, trying to make myself feel guilty. But I never could! I think the person who said: 'Honey, if men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament' was right. Speaking for myself, I knew it was the first time I had taken responsibility for my own life. I wasn't going to let things happen to me. I was going to direct my life, and therefore it felt positive. But still, I didn't tell anyone. Because I knew that out there it wasn't [positive]."[38] She also said, "In later years, if I'm remembered at all it will be for inventing a phrase like 'reproductive freedom' ... as a phrase it includes the freedom to have children or not to. So it makes it possible for us to make a coalition."[39]
    • The first issue of
    • Ms., released in 1972
    • In 1972, she co-founded the feminist-themed magazine Ms. with Dorothy Pitman Hughes; it began as a special edition of New York, and Clay Felker funded the first issue.[27] Its 300,000 test copies sold out nationwide in eight days.[40][41] Within weeks, Ms. had received 26,000 subscription orders and over 20,000 reader letters.[41] The magazine was sold to the Feminist Majority Foundation in 2001; Steinem remains on the masthead as one of six founding editors and serves on the advisory board.[41]
    • Also in 1972, Steinem became the first woman to speak at the National Press Club.[42]
    • In 1978, Steinem wrote a semi-satirical essay for Cosmopolitan titled "If Men Could Menstruate" in which she imagined a world where men menstruate instead of women. She concludes in the essay that in such a world, menstruation would become a badge of honor with men comparing their relative sufferings, rather than the source of shame that it had been for women.[43]
    • On March 22, 1998, Steinem published an op-ed in The New York Times ("Feminists and the Clinton Question") in which, without actually challenging accounts by Bill Clinton's accusers, she claimed they did not represent sexual harassment.[44] This was criticized by various writers, as in the Harvard Crimson[45] and in the Times itself.[46] In 2017, Steinem, in an interview with the British newspaper The Guardian, stood by her 1998 New York Times op-ed, but also claimed "I wouldn't write the same thing now."[47]
    • Activism [ edit ] In 1959, Steinem led a group of activists in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to organize the Independent Service for Information on the Vienna festival, to advocate for American participation in the World Youth Festival, a Soviet-sponsored youth event.
    • In 1968, Steinem signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.[48]
    • In 1969, she published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation"[49] which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader.[9] As such she campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment, testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in its favor in 1970.[50][51] That same year she published her essay on a utopia of gender equality, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win", in Time magazine.[52]
    • On July 10, 1971, Steinem was one of over three hundred women who founded the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC), including such notables as Bella Abzug, Betty Friedan, Shirley Chisholm, and Myrlie Evers-Williams.[53] As a co-convener of the Caucus, she delivered the speech "Address to the Women of America", stating in part:
    • This is no simple reform. It really is a revolution. Sex and race because they are easy and visible differences have been the primary ways of organizing human beings into superior and inferior groups and into the cheap labor on which this system still depends. We are talking about a society in which there will be no roles other than those chosen or those earned. We are really talking about humanism.[54]
    • In 1972, she ran as a delegate for Shirley Chisholm in New York, but lost.[55]
    • In March 1973, she addressed the first national conference of Stewardesses for Women's Rights, which she continued to support throughout its existence.[56] Stewardesses for Women's Rights folded in the spring of 1976.[56]
    • Despite her influence in the feminist movement, Steinem also earned criticism from some feminists as well, who questioned whether she was committed to the movement or using it to promote her glamorous image.[57] The Redstockings also signaled her out for agreeing to cooperate with the CIA-backed Independent Research Service.[57] It was also acknowledged that Steinem worked as a CIA agent when this operation was taking place.[58]
    • Steinem, who grew up reading Wonder Woman comics, was also a key player in the restoration of Wonder Woman's powers and traditional costume, which were restored in issue #204 (January''February 1973).[59] Steinem, offended that the most famous female superhero had been depowered, had placed Wonder Woman (in costume) on the cover of the first issue of Ms. (1972) '' Warner Communications, DC Comics' owner, was an investor '' which also contained an appreciative essay about the character.[59][60]
    • In 1976, the first women-only Passover seder was held in Esther M. Broner's New York City apartment and led by Broner, with 13 women attending, including Steinem.[61]
    • In 1977, Steinem became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[62] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.
    • In 1984, Steinem was arrested along with a number of members of Congress and civil rights activists for disorderly conduct outside the South African embassy while protesting against the South African apartheid system.[63]
    • At the outset of the Gulf War in 1991, Steinem, along with prominent feminists Robin Morgan and Kate Millett, publicly opposed an incursion into the Middle East and asserted that ostensible goal of "defending democracy" was a pretense.[64]
    • During the Clarence Thomas sexual harassment scandal in 1991, Steinem voiced strong support for Anita Hill and suggested that one day Hill herself would sit on the Supreme Court.[65]
    • In 1992, Steinem co-founded Choice USA, a non-profit organization that mobilizes and provides ongoing support to a younger generation that lobbies for reproductive choice.[66][67][68]
    • In 1993, Steinem co-produced and narrated an Emmy Award-winning TV documentary for HBO about child abuse, called, "Multiple Personalities: The Search for Deadly Memories."[6] Also in 1993, she and Rosilyn Heller co-produced an original TV movie for Lifetime, "Better Off Dead," which examined the parallel forces that both oppose abortion and support the death penalty.[6]
    • She contributed the piece "The Media and the Movement: A User's Guide" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.[69]
    • On June 1, 2013, Steinem performed on stage at the "Chime For Change: The Sound Of Change Live" Concert at Twickenham Stadium in London, England.[70] Later in 2014, UN Women began its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women, and as part of that campaign Steinem (and others) spoke at the Apollo Theater in New York City.[71] Chime For Change was funded by Gucci, focusing on using innovative approaches to raise funds and awareness especially regarding girls and women.[70][72]
    • Steinem has stated, "I think the fact that I've become a symbol for the women's movement is somewhat accidental. A woman member of Congress, for example, might be identified as a member of Congress; it doesn't mean she's any less of a feminist but she's identified by her nearest male analog. Well, I don't have a male analog so the press has to identify me with the movement. I suppose I could be referred to as a journalist, but because Ms. is part of a movement and not just a typical magazine, I'm more likely to be identified with the movement. There's no other slot to put me in."[73]
    • Contrary to popular belief, Steinem did not coin the feminist slogan "A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle." Although she helped popularize it, the phrase is actually attributable to Irina Dunn.[74] When Time magazine published an article attributing the saying to Steinem, Steinem wrote a letter saying the phrase had been coined by Dunn.[75]
    • Another phrase sometimes wrongly attributed to Steinem is, "If men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament." Steinem herself attributed it to "an old Irish woman taxi driver in Boston," whom she said she and Florynce Kennedy met.[76]
    • As for 2015, she joined the thirty leading international women peacemakers and became an honorary co-chairwoman of 2015 Women's Walk For Peace In Korea with Mairead Maguire. The group's main goal is to advocate disarmament and seek Korea's reunification. It will be holding international peace symposiums both in Pyongyang and Seoul in which women from both North Korea and South Korea can share experiences and ideas of mobilizing women to stop the Korean crisis. The group's specific hope is to walk across the 2-mile wide Korean Demilitarized Zone that separates North Korea and South Korea which is meant to be a symbolic action taken for peace in the Korean peninsular suffering for 70 years after its division at the end of World War II. It is especially believed that the role of women in this act would help and support the reunification of family members divided by the split prolonged for 70 years.[77][78][79][80]
    • Steinem is currently an honorary co-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America.[81]
    • Involvement in political campaigns [ edit ] Steinem's involvement in presidential campaigns stretches back to her support of Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential campaign.[82]
    • 1968 election [ edit ] A proponent of civil rights and fierce critic of the Vietnam War, Steinem was initially drawn to Senator Eugene McCarthy because of his "admirable record" on those issues, but in meeting him and hearing him speak, she found him "cautious, uninspired, and dry."[20]: 87 As the campaign progressed, Steinem became baffled at "personally vicious" attacks that McCarthy leveled against his primary opponent Robert Kennedy, even as "his real opponent, Hubert Humphrey, went free."[20]: 88
    • On a late-night radio show, Steinem garnered attention for declaring, "George McGovern is the real Eugene McCarthy."[83] In 1968, Steinem was chosen to pitch the arguments to McGovern as to why he should enter the presidential race that year; he agreed, and Steinem "consecutively or simultaneously served as pamphlet writer, advance 'man', fund raiser, lobbyist of delegates, errand runner, and press secretary."[20]: 95
    • McGovern lost the nomination at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and Steinem later wrote of her astonishment at Hubert Humphrey's "refusal even to suggest to Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley that he control the rampaging police and the bloodshed in the streets."[20]: 96
    • 1972 election [ edit ] Steinem was reluctant to re-join the McGovern campaign, as although she had brought in McGovern's single largest campaign contributor in 1968, she "still had been treated like a frivolous pariah by much of McGovern's campaign staff." In April 1972, Steinem remarked that he "still doesn't understand the Women's Movement".[20]: 114
    • McGovern ultimately excised the abortion issue from the party's platform, and recent publications show McGovern was deeply conflicted on the issue.[84] Steinem later wrote this description of the events:
    • The consensus of the meeting of women delegates held by the caucus had been to fight for the minority plank on reproductive freedom; indeed our vote had supported the plank nine to one. So fight we did, with three women delegates speaking eloquently in its favor as a constitutional right. One male Right-to-Life zealot spoke against, and Shirley MacLaine also was an opposition speaker, on the grounds that this was a fundamental right but didn't belong in the platform. We made a good showing. Clearly we would have won if McGovern's forces had left their delegates uninstructed and thus able to vote their consciences.[20]: 100''110
    • However, Germaine Greer flatly contradicted Steinem's account, reporting, "Jacqui Ceballos called from the crowd to demand abortion rights on the Democratic platform, but Bella [Abzug] and Gloria stared glassily out into the room," thus killing the abortion rights platform," and asking "Why had Bella and Gloria not helped Jacqui to nail him on abortion? What reticence, what loserism had afflicted them?"[85] Steinem later recalled that the 1972 Convention was the only time Greer and Steinem ever met.[86]
    • The cover of Harper's that month read, "Womanlike, they did not want to get tough with their man, and so, womanlike, they got screwed."[87]
    • 2004 election [ edit ] In the run-up to the 2004 election, Steinem voiced fierce criticism of the Bush administration, asserting, "There has never been an administration that has been more hostile to women's equality, to reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right, and has acted on that hostility," adding, "If he is elected in 2004, abortion will be criminalized in this country."[88] At a Planned Parenthood event in Boston, Steinem declared Bush "a danger to health and safety," citing his antagonism to the Clean Water Act, reproductive freedom, sex education, and AIDS relief.[89]
    • 2008 election [ edit ] Steinem was an active participant in the 2008 presidential campaign, and praised both the Democratic front-runners, commenting,
    • Both Senators Clinton and Obama are civil rights advocates, feminists, environmentalists, and critics of the war in Iraq ... Both have resisted pandering to the right, something that sets them apart from any Republican candidate, including John McCain. Both have Washington and foreign policy experience; George W. Bush did not when he first ran for president.[90]
    • Nevertheless, Steinem endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton, citing her broader experience, and saying that the nation was in such bad shape it might require two terms of Clinton and two of Obama to fix it.[91]
    • She also made headlines for a New York Times op-ed in which she cited gender and not race as "probably the most restricting force in American life".[92] She elaborated, "Black men were given the vote a half-century before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot, and generally have ascended to positions of power, from the military to the boardroom, before any women."[92] This was attacked, however, from critics saying that white women were given the vote unabridged in 1920, whereas many blacks, female or male, could not vote until the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and some were lynched for trying, and that many white women advanced in the business and political worlds before black women and men.[93]
    • Steinem again drew attention for, according to the New York Observer, seeming "to denigrate the importance of John McCain's time as a prisoner of war in Vietnam"; Steinem's broader argument "was that the media and the political world are too admiring of militarism in all its guises."[94]
    • Following McCain's selection of Sarah Palin as his running mate, Steinem penned an op-ed in which she labeled Palin an "unqualified woman" who "opposes everything most other women want and need," described her nomination speech as "divisive and deceptive", called for a more inclusive Republican Party, and concluded that Palin resembled "Phyllis Schlafly, only younger."[95]
    • 2016 election [ edit ] Steinem at an event campaigning for Democratic nominee
    • Hillary Clinton in September 2016.
    • In an HBO interview with Bill Maher, Steinem, when asked to explain the broad support for Bernie Sanders among young Democratic women, responded, "When you're young, you're thinking, 'Where are the boys? The boys are with Bernie.'"[96] Her comments triggered widespread criticism, and Steinem later issued an apology and said her comments had been "misinterpreted".[97]
    • Steinem endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[98] Steinem was an honorary co-chair of and speaker at the Women's March on Washington on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as President.
    • CIA ties and leader of Independent Research Service [ edit ] In May 1975, Redstockings, a radical feminist group, published a report that Steinem and others put together on the Vienna Youth Festival and its attendees for the Independent Research Service.[99][100] Though she acknowledged having worked for the CIA-financed foundation in the late 1950s and early 1960s in interviews given to The New York Times and The Washington Post in 1967 in the wake of the Ramparts magazine CIA exposures (nearly two years before Steinem attended her first Redstockings or feminist meeting), Steinem in 1975 denied any continuing involvement.[101] In 2004, however, a 1975 report by Human Events which noted Steinem's CIA ties and which had been classified by the CIA was made public.[102]
    • In her book My Life on the Road, Steinem spoke openly about the relationship she had with the CIA in the 1950s and 1960s and defended the CIA relationship, saying: "In my experience [the CIA] was completely different from its image; it was liberal, nonviolent and honorable."[58] However, it was acknowledged that Steinem in fact served as the leader of the Independent Research Service when it was receiving money from the CIA.[102] She also maintained ties with her successor Gene Theoroux, who acknowledged that he covered up Steinem's ties to the CIA and that she was "very pleased" when he "killed the CIA reference to her" in his "column."[102]
    • Personal life [ edit ] Steinem was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1986[103] and trigeminal neuralgia in 1994.[104]
    • On September 3, 2000, at age 66, Steinem married David Bale, father of actor Christian Bale.[23] The wedding was performed at the home of her friend Wilma Mankiller, the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.[105] Steinem and Bale were married for only three years before he died of brain lymphoma on December 30, 2003, at age 62.[106]
    • Previously, she had had a four-year relationship with the publisher Mortimer Zuckerman.[107]
    • Commenting on aging, Steinem says that as she approached 60 she felt like she entered a new phase in life that was free of the "demands of gender" that she faced from adolescence onward.[108]
    • Political positions [ edit ] Gloria Steinem (right) and
    • Alice Walker celebrate Steinem's 75th birthday in the Fall 2009 issue of
    • Ms.
    • Although most frequently considered a liberal feminist, Steinem has repeatedly characterized herself as a radical feminist.[109] More importantly, she has repudiated categorization within feminism as "nonconstructive to specific problems," saying: "I've turned up in every category. So it makes it harder for me to take the divisions with great seriousness."[104] Nevertheless, on concrete issues, Steinem has staked several firm positions.
    • Female genital mutilation and male circumcision [ edit ] In 1979, Steinem wrote the article on female genital mutilation that brought it into the American public's consciousness; the article, "The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation," was published in the March 1979 issue of Ms..[20]: 292 [110] The article reported on the "75 million women suffering with the results of genital mutilation."[20]: 292 [110] According to Steinem, "The real reasons for genital mutilation can only be understood in the context of the patriarchy: men must control women's bodies as the means of production, and thus repress the independent power of women's sexuality."[20]: 292 [110] Steinem's article contains the basic arguments that would later be developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum.[111]
    • On male circumcision, she commented, "These patriarchal controls limit men's sexuality too ... That's why men are asked symbolically to submit the sexual part of themselves and their sons to patriarchal authority, which seems to be the origin of male circumcision, a practice that, even as advocates admit, is medically unnecessary 90% of the time. Speaking for myself, I stand with many brothers in eliminating that practice too."[112]
    • Feminist theory [ edit ] Steinem at the LBJ Library in 2019
    • Steinem has frequently voiced her disapproval of the obscurantism and abstractions some claim to be prevalent in feminist academic theorizing.[104][113] She said, "Nobody cares about feminist academic writing. That's careerism. These poor women in academia have to talk this silly language that nobody can understand in order to be accepted ... But I recognize the fact that we have this ridiculous system of tenure, that the whole thrust of academia is one that values education, in my opinion, in inverse ratio to its usefulness'--and what you write in inverse relationship to its understandability."[104] Steinem later singled out deconstructionists like Judith Butler for criticism, saying, "I always wanted to put a sign up on the road to Yale saying, 'Beware: Deconstruction Ahead'. Academics are forced to write in language no one can understand so that they get tenure. They have to say 'discourse', not 'talk'. Knowledge that is not accessible is not helpful. It becomes aerialised'--and I think it's important that women's experiences be given a narrative."[113]
    • Kinsey Reports [ edit ] In addition to feminism, Steinem has also been a prominent advocate for analyzing the Kinsey Reports.[114][115]
    • Pornography [ edit ] Steinem has criticized pornography, which she distinguishes from erotica, writing: "Erotica is as different from pornography as love is from rape, as dignity is from humiliation, as partnership is from slavery, as pleasure is from pain."[20]: 219 [116] Steinem's argument hinges on the distinction between reciprocity versus domination, as she writes, "Blatant or subtle, pornography involves no equal power or mutuality. In fact, much of the tension and drama comes from the clear idea that one person is dominating the other."[20]: 219 [116]
    • On the issue of same-sex pornography, Steinem asserts, "Whatever the gender of the participants, all pornography including male-male gay pornography is an imitation of the male-female, conqueror-victim paradigm, and almost all of it actually portrays or implies enslaved women and master."[20]: 219 [116] Steinem has also cited "snuff films" as a serious threat to women.[20]: 219 [116]
    • Same-sex marriage [ edit ] In an essay published in Time magazine on August 31, 1970, "What Would It Be Like If Women Win," Steinem wrote about same-sex marriage in the context of the "Utopian" future she envisioned, writing:
    • What will exist is a variety of alternative life-styles. Since the population explosion dictates that childbearing be kept to a minimum, parents-and-children will be only one of many "families": couples, age groups, working groups, mixed communes, blood-related clans, class groups, creative groups. Single women will have the right to stay single without ridicule, without the attitudes now betrayed by "spinster" and "bachelor." Lesbians or homosexuals will no longer be denied legally binding marriages, complete with mutual-support agreements and inheritance rights. Paradoxically, the number of homosexuals may get smaller. With fewer over-possessive mothers and fewer fathers who hold up an impossibly cruel or perfectionist idea of manhood, boys will be less likely to be denied or reject their identity as males.[117]
    • Although Steinem did not mention or advocate same-sex marriage in any published works or interviews for more than three decades, she again expressed support for same-sex marriage in the early 2000s, stating in 2004 that "[the] idea that sexuality is only okay if it ends in reproduction oppresses women'--whose health depends on separating sexuality from reproduction'--as well as gay men and lesbians."[118] Steinem is also a signatory of the 2008 manifesto, "Beyond Same-Sex Marriage: A New Strategic Vision For All Our Families and Relationships", which advocates extending legal rights and privileges to a wide range of relationships, households, and families.[119]
    • Transgender rights [ edit ] In 1977, Steinem expressed disapproval that the heavily publicized sex reassignment surgery of tennis player Ren(C)e Richards had been characterized as "a frightening instance of what feminism could lead to" or as "living proof that feminism isn't necessary."[20]: 206''210 Steinem wrote, "At a minimum, it was a diversion from the widespread problems of sexual inequality."[20]: 206''210 She also wrote that, while she supported the right of individuals to identify as they choose, she claimed that, in many cases, transsexuals "surgically mutilate their own bodies" in order to conform to a gender role that is inexorably tied to physical body parts.[20]: 206''210 She concluded that "feminists are right to feel uncomfortable about the need for and uses of transsexualism."[20]: 206''210 The article concluded with what became one of Steinem's most famous quotes: "If the shoe doesn't fit, must we change the foot?"[20]: 206''210 Although clearly meant in the context of transsexuality, the quote is frequently mistaken as a general statement about feminism.[20]: 206''210
    • On October 2, 2013, Steinem clarified her remarks on transgender people in an op-ed for The Advocate, writing that critics failed to consider that her 1977 essay was "written in the context of global protests against routine surgical assaults, called female genital mutilation by some survivors."[120] Steinem later in the piece expressed unequivocal support for transgender people, saying that transgender people "including those who have transitioned, are living out real, authentic lives. Those lives should be celebrated, not questioned."[120] She also apologized for any pain her words might have caused.[120]
    • Awards and honors [ edit ] American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California's Bill of Rights Award[6]American Humanist Association's 2012 Humanist of the Year (2012)[6]Biography magazine's 25 most influential women in America (Steinem was listed as one of them)[6]Clarion award[6]DVF Lifetime Leadership Award (2014)[121]Emmy Citation for excellence in television writing[6]Esquire magazine's 75 greatest women of all time (Steinem was listed as one of them) (2010)[122]Equality Now's international human rights award, given jointly to her and Efua Dorkenoo (2000)[123]Front Page award[6]Glamour magazine's "The 75 Most Important Women of the Past 75 Years" (Steinem was listed as one of them) (2014)[124]Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund's Liberty Award[6]Library Lion award (2015)[125]The Ms. Foundation for Women's Gloria Awards, given annually since 1988, are named after Steinem.[126]National Gay Rights Advocates Award[6]National Magazine awards[6]National Women's Hall of Fame inductee (1993)[6]New York Women's Foundation's Century Award (2014)[127]Parenting magazine's Lifetime Achievement Award (1995)[6]Penney-Missouri Journalism Award[6]Presidential Medal of Freedom (2013)[128][129][130]Rutgers University announced the Gloria Steinem Endowed Chair in September 2014.[131] The Chair will fund teaching and research for someone (not necessarily a woman) who exemplifies Steinem's values of equal representation in the media.[132] This person will teach at least one undergraduate course per semester.[132]Sara Curry Humanitarian Award (2007)[133]Simmons College's Doctorate of Human Justice[6]Society of Professional Journalists' Lifetime Achievement in Journalism Award[6]Supersisters trading card set (card number 32 featured Steinem's name and picture) (1979)[134]United Nations' Ceres Medal[6]United Nations' Society of Writers Award[6]University of Missouri School of Journalism Award for Distinguished Service in Journalism[6]Women's Sports Journalism Award[6]2015 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize[135]Recipient of the 2017 Ban Ki-moon Award For Women's Empowerment[136]On the 20th of May, 2019, Steinem received an honorary degree from Yale University.[137]In media [ edit ] Steinem on the cover of
    • Ms. in 2002
    • In 1995, Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem, by Carolyn Heilbrun, was published.[138]
    • In 1997, Gloria Steinem: Her Passions, Politics, and Mystique, by Sydney Ladensohn Stern, was published.[139]
    • In the musical Legally Blonde, which premiered in 2007, Steinem is mentioned in the scene where Elle Woods wears a flashy Bunny costume to a party, and must pretend to be dressed as Gloria Steinem "researching her feminist manifesto 'I Was A Playboy Bunny'." (The actual name of the piece by Steinem being referred to here is "A Bunny's Tale".)
    • In 2011, Gloria: In Her Own Words, a documentary, first aired.[140]
    • In 2013, Female Force: Gloria Steinem, a comic book by Melissa Seymour, was published.[141][142][143]
    • Also in 2013, Steinem was featured in the documentary MAKERS: Women Who Make America about the feminist movement.[144]
    • In 2014, Who Is Gloria Steinem?, by Sarah Fabiny, was published.[145]
    • Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 1, episode 8, of the television show The Sixties.[146]
    • Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 6, episode 3, of the television show The Good Wife.[147]
    • In 2016, Steinem was featured in the catalog of clothing retailer Lands' End. After an outcry from anti-abortion customers, the company removed Steinem from their website, stating on their Facebook page: "It was never our intention to raise a divisive political or religious issue, so when some of our customers saw the recent promotion that way, we heard them. We sincerely apologize for any offense." The company then faced further criticism online, this time both from customers who were still unhappy that Steinem had been featured in the first place, and customers who were unhappy that Steinem had been removed.[148]
    • In Jennifer Lopez's 2016 music video for her song "Ain't Your Mama", Steinem can be heard saying part of her "Address to the Women of America" speech, specifically, "This is no simple reform. It really is a revolution."[149][150]
    • Also in 2016, the television series Woman premiered, featuring Steinem as producer and host; it is a documentary series concerning sexist injustice and violence worldwide.[151]
    • The Gloria Steinem Papers are held in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College, under collection number MS 237.[152]
    • The play Gloria: A Life, about Steinem's life, opened October 2018 at the Daryl Roth Theatre, directed by Diane Paulus.[153]
    • Works [ edit ] The Thousand Indias (1957)The Beach Book (1963), New York: Viking Press. OCLC 1393887Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (1983), New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-063236-5Marilyn: Norma Jean (1986), with George Barris, New York: Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-0060-3Revolution from Within (1992), Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-81240-5Moving beyond Words (1993), New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-64972-2Doing Sixty & Seventy (2006), San Francisco: Elders Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-9758744-2-4My Life on the Road (2015), New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-45620-9The Truth Will Set You Free, But First It Will Piss You Off! (2015), Illustrated by Samantha Dion Baker. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-59313268-5See also [ edit ] Feminism in the United StatesList of women's rights activistsReferences [ edit ] ^ a b "Gloria Steinem Fast Facts". CNN. September 6, 2014. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ a b c d "Gloria Steinem". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "Board of Directors". Women's Media Center. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "Feminist Dad of the Day: Christian Bale". Women and Hollywood. July 25, 2012. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ Denes, Melissa (January 16, 2005). " ' Feminism? It's hardly begun ' ". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved December 31, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "The Official Website of Author and Activist Gloria Steinem '' About". Gloriasteinem.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018 . Retrieved June 5, 2018 . ^ a b "Gloria Steinem". historynet.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014 . Retrieved November 8, 2014 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (April 7, 1969). "Gloria Steinem, After Black Power, Women's Liberation". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013 . Retrieved March 12, 2013 . ^ a b "Gloria Steinem, Feminist Pioneer, Leader for Women's Rights and Equality". The Connecticut Forum. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "The Invisible Majority '' Women & the Media". Feminist.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem '' Carolyn G. Heilbrun '' Google Books". Books.google.ca. July 20, 2011. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018 . Retrieved June 15, 2016 . ^ a b Finding Your Roots, February 23, 2016, PBS. ^ "Gloria Steinem". Jewish Women's Archive. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014 . Retrieved November 8, 2014 . ^ "Ancestry of Gloria Steinem". Wargs.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ "Gloria Steinem's Interactive Family Tree | Finding Your Roots". PBS. February 25, 2016. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016 . Retrieved June 15, 2016 . ^ a b c Pogrebin, Letty Cottin (March 20, 2009). "Gloria Steinem". Jewish Women's Archive. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b c d e Steinem, Gloria (1983). Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions . Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. pp. 140''142. ISBN 978-0-03-063236-5. ^ Marcello, Patricia. Gloria Steinem: A Biography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. p. 20. ^ a b c Marcello, Patricia. Gloria Steinem: A Biography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Steinem, Gloria (1984). Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (1 ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Co. ^ "Classmates remember Steinem's Toledo days". Toledo Free Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved November 8, 2014 . ^ "Gloria Steinem class of 1952". Western High School . Retrieved November 8, 2014 . ^ a b "Gloria Steinem". Biography.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011 . Retrieved June 1, 2010 . ^ Bird, Kai (1992). The Chairman: John J. McCloy, the making of the American establishment . Simon & Schuster. pp. 483''484. ^ a b "C.I.A. Subsidized Festival Trips; Hundreds of Students Were Sent to World Gatherings". The New York Times. February 21, 1967. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. ^ Cooke, Jon. "Wrightson's Warren Days". TwoMorrows. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010 . Retrieved June 1, 2010 . ^ a b c d Mclellan, Dennis (July 2, 2008). "Clay Felker, 82; editor of New York magazine led New Journalism charge". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2008 . Retrieved November 23, 2008 . ^ Fox, Margalit (February 5, 2006). "Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' Dies at 85". Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ^ Kolhatkar, Sheelah (December 18, 2005). "Gloria Steinem". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on November 20, 2009 . Retrieved June 1, 2010 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (May 1963). "A Bunny's Tale" (PDF) . Show. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ^ a b Steinem, Gloria (1995). "I Was a Playboy Bunny" (PDF) . Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2011 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ^ "Interview With Gloria Steinem". ABC News. 2011. Archived from the original on June 2, 2015 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ^ "For feminist Gloria Steinem, the fight continues (interview)". Minnesota Public Radio. June 15, 2009. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Elizabeth Thomson; David Gutman (1987). The Lennon Companion: Twenty-Five Years of Comment. Da Capo Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-306-81270-5. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. ^ Patricia Cronin Marcello (2004). Gloria Steinem: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-313-32576-2. Archived from the original on September 8, 2013 . Retrieved July 22, 2013 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (April 6, 1998). "30th Anniversary Issue / Gloria Steinem: First Feminist". Nymag.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b Pogrebin, Abigail (October 30, 2011). "An Oral History of 'Ms.' Magazine". Nymag.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b Rachel Cooke (November 13, 2011). "Gloria Steinem: 'I think we need to get much angrier ' ". Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Gilbert, Lynn & Moore, Gaylen, "Particular Passions: Talks With Women Who Shaped Our Times". Clarkson Potter, 1981. p. 166. ^ "The Eighties, Gloria Steinem". Colored Reflections. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016 . Retrieved November 4, 2015 . ^ a b c "Ms. Magazine History". Msmagazine.com. December 31, 2001. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Ruth, Tam (December 31, 2001). "Gloria Steinem: No such thing as a 'feminist icon ' ". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 10, 2014 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (October 1978). "If Men Could Menstruate". Ms. ^ Steinem, Gloria (March 22, 1998). "feminists and the Clinton Question". New York Times; cited on message board. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017 . Retrieved October 11, 2017 . ^ Suleiman, Daniel (March 3, 1998). "The Whore Principle". Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017 . Retrieved October 11, 2017 . ^ Frago, William (March 25, 1998). "Are Feminists Right to Stand by Clinton?; Enabling Bad Behavior". Harvard Crimson . Retrieved October 11, 2017 . ^ https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/nov/30/gloria-steinem-on-her-bill-clinton-essay-i-wouldnt-write-the-same-thing-now ^ "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 New York Post. ^ Steinem, Gloria (April 4, 1969). "After Black Power, Women's Liberation". New York. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010 . Retrieved June 1, 2010 . ^ Gary Donaldson (2007). Modern America: A Documentary History of the Nation Since 1945. M.E. Sharpe. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-7656-1537-4. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013 . Retrieved July 22, 2013 . ^ "TESTIMONY BEFORE SENATE HEARINGS ON THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT". Voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu. May 6, 1970. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (August 31, 1970). "What It Would Be Like If Women Win". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Jodi O'Brien (November 26, 2008). Encyclopedia of Gender and Society. SAGE Publications. pp. 652''. ISBN 978-1-4522-6602-2. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Johnson Lewis, Jone. "Gloria Steinem Quotes". About. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Freeman, Jo (February 2005). "Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign". University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ a b "Guide to the Records of Stewardesses for Women's Rights WAG 061". Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011 . Retrieved August 20, 2010 . ^ a b https://www.biography.com/activist/gloria-steinem ^ a b Kounalakis, Marko s (October 25, 2015). "The feminist was a spook". Chicago Tribune. ^ a b McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1970s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. After nearly five years of Diana Prince's non-powered super-heroics, writer-editor Robert Kanigher and artist Don Heck restored Wonder Woman's ... well, wonder. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) ^ Greenberger, Robert (2010). Wonder Woman: Amazon. Hero. Icon. Rizzoli Universe Promotional Books. p. 175. ISBN 0-7893-2416-4. Journalist and feminist Gloria Steinem ... was tapped in 1970 to write the introduction to Wonder Woman, a hardcover collection of older stories. Steinem later went on to edit Ms., with the first issue published in 1972, featuring the Amazon Princess on its cover. In both publications, the heroine's powerless condition during the 1970s was pilloried. A feminist backlash began to grow, demanding that Wonder Woman regain the powers and costume that put her on a par with the Man of Steel. ^ This Week in History '' E.M. Broner publishes "The Telling" | Jewish Women's Archive Archived April 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Jwa.org (March 1, 1993). Retrieved on October 18, 2011. ^ "Associates | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press". www.wifp.org. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017 . Retrieved June 21, 2017 . ^ "Arrested at embassy". Gadsden Times. December 20, 1984. p. A10 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (January 20, 1991). "We Learned the Wrong Lessons in Vietnam; A Feminist Issue Still". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Sontag, Deborah (April 26, 1992). "Anita Hill and Revitalizing Feminism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ "Choice USA". Choice USA. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Sheaffer, Robert (April 1997). "Feminism, the Noble Lie". Free Inquiry Magazine. Archived from the original on November 2, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Grenier, Richard (July 25, 1994). "Feminists falsify facts for effect '' controversy over Gloria Steinem's use of anorexia death statistics stirs controversy over exaggeration for political effect". Insight on the News. Archived from the original on November 21, 2011 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ "Library Resource Finder: Table of Contents for: Sisterhood is forever : the women's anth". Vufind.carli.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015 . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ a b "Gloria Steinem Pictures '' Show At "Chime For Change: The Sound Of Change Live" Concert". Zimbio. May 31, 2013. Archived from the original on March 17, 2015 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "Gloria Steinem Helps UN Women Unveil Beijing+20 Campaign". Zimbio. July 1, 2014. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ "Chime for Change". www.chimeforchange.org. 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Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. ^ "Women Cross DMZ '' Ending The Korean War, Reuniting Families". www.womencrossdmz.org. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. ^ Nations, Associated Press at the United (April 3, 2015). "North Korea supports Gloria Steinem-led women's walk across the DMZ". Archived from the original on December 31, 2016 '' via The Guardian. ^ Our Structure, Democratic Socialists of America, archived from the original on March 15, 2017 , retrieved March 9, 2017 ^ Lazo, Caroine. Gloria Steinem: Feminist Extraordinaire. New York: Lerner Publications, 1998. p. 28. ^ Miroff, Bruce. The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Identity Crisis of the Democratic Party. University Press of Kansas, 2007. p. 206. ^ Miroff. p. 207. ^ Harper's Magazine October 1972. ^ Evans, Joni (April 16, 2009). "Gloria Steinem: Still Committing 'Outrageous Acts' at 75". Wow. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011 . 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Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Gharib, Ali (January 16, 2008). "Democratic Race Sheds Issues for Identities". Inter Press News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016 . Retrieved March 16, 2011 . ^ Stanage, Niall (March 8, 2008). "Stumping for Clinton, Steinem Says McCain's POW Cred Is Overrated". New York Observer. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (September 4, 2008). "Palin: wrong woman, wrong message". LA Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010 . Retrieved July 1, 2009 . ^ Rappeport, Alan (February 7, 2016). "Gloria Steinem and Madeleine Albright Scold Young Women Backing Bernie Sanders". New York Times. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016 . Retrieved February 7, 2016 . ^ Contrera, Jessica (February 7, 2016). "Gloria Steinem is apologizing for insulting female Bernie Sanders supporters". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016 . Retrieved February 7, 2016 . ^ Brendan, J. International Business Times February 10, 2016. ^ "Gloria Steinem and the CIA". NameBase. The New York Times. February 21, 1967. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010 . Retrieved January 20, 2012 . ^ "Gloria Steinem Spies on Students for the CIA". NameBase. Redstockings. 1975. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012 . Retrieved January 20, 2012 . ^ Harrington, Stephanie (July 4, 1976). "It Changed My Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 10, 2009 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b c https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP88-01315R000300380009-2.pdf ^ Holt, Patricia (September 22, 1995). "Making Ms.Story / The biography of Gloria Steinem, a woman of controversy and contradictions". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ a b c d Gorney, Cynthia (November''December 1995). "Gloria". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ "Feminist icon Gloria Steinem first-time bride at 66". CNN.com. September 5, 2000. Archived from the original on September 17, 2007 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ von Zeilbauer, Paul (January 1, 2004). "David Bale, 62, Activist and businessman". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ Melissa Denes. " ' Feminism? It's hardly begun' | World news". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved February 26, 2015 . ^ Steinem, Gloria (October 26, 2015). "At 81, Feminist Gloria Steinem Finds Herself Free Of The 'Demands Of Gender ' ". NPR. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015 . Retrieved November 4, 2015 . ^ "Marianne Schnall Interview". Feminist.com. April 3, 1995. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b c "The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation," by Gloria Steinem. Ms., March 1979, p. 65. ^ Nussbaum, Martha C. Sex & Social Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. pp. 118''129. ^ "What have FGC opponents said publicly about male genital cutting?". Noharmm.org. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012 . Retrieved July 20, 2012 . ^ a b Denes, Melissa (January 17, 2005). " ' Feminism? It's hardly begun ' ". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/50-years-after-the-kinsey-report/ ^ https://broadcast.iu.edu/archive/lectures/steinem/index.html ^ a b c d Erotica and Pornography: A Clear and Present Difference. Ms. November 1978, p. 53. & Pornography'--Not Sex but the Obscene Use of Power. Ms. August 1977, p. 43. Both retrieved November 16, 2014. ^ "What Would It Be Like If Women Win". Associated Press. August 31, 1970. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved January 17, 2011 . ^ Steptoe, Sonja; Steinem, Gloria (March 28, 2004). "10 Questions For Gloria Steinem". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on August 26, 2013 . Retrieved November 16, 2014 . ^ "Signatories". BeyondMarriage.org. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008 . Retrieved January 17, 2011 . ^ a b c Steinem, Gloria (October 2, 2013). "Op-ed: On Working Together Over Time". Advocate.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "The Lifetime Leadership Award, Gloria Steinem". www.dvf.com. 2014. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "The 75 Greatest Women of All Time". Esquire Magazine. May 2010. Archived from the original on November 13, 2014 . Retrieved November 9, 2014 . ^ "Read a Peace Report- Remembering our friend and colleague, Efua Dorkenoo". Equality Now. October 28, 2014. Archived from the original on November 2, 2014 . Retrieved November 7, 2014 . ^ Glamour Magazine. "The Most Inspiring Female Celebrities, Entrepreneurs, and Political Figures: Glamour.com". Glamour. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. ^ Katie Van Syckle. "Gloria Steinem: Hillary Will Have a Hard Time '' The Cut". Nymag.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015 . Retrieved November 4, 2015 . ^ Sophie Rosenblum (May 24, 2010). "Women Celebrated and Supported at the 22nd Annual Gloria Awards". NoVo Foundation. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014 . Retrieved November 17, 2014 . ^ Marianne Garvey, Brian Niemietz with Molly Friedman (May 11, 2014). "Denzel Washington dining out at SoHo hotspot causes a spicy fray". NY Daily News . Retrieved November 7, 2014 . ^ "Obama Awards Medal of Freedom to 16 Americans". Voanews.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Wilson, Teddy. " ' If We Each Have a Torch, There's a Lot More Light': Gloria Steinem Accepts the Presidential Medal of Freedom". Rhrealitycheck.org. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "Women's Media Center Congratulates Co-Founder Gloria Steinem on Presidential Medal of Freedom | Women's Media Center". Womensmediacenter.com. August 8, 2013. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Zernike, Kate (September 26, 2014). "Rutgers to Endow Chair Named for Gloria Steinem". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2014 . Retrieved September 27, 2014 . ^ a b Lin Lan (September 29, 2014). "Rutgers endows chair for feminist icon Gloria Steinem". The Daily Targum. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014 . Retrieved October 5, 2014 . ^ "Congressional Record Volume 153, Number 18". U.S. Congress. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Wulf, Steve (March 23, 2015). "Supersisters: Original Roster". Espn.go.com. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015 . Retrieved June 4, 2015 . ^ "Gloria Steinem, 2015 Recipient of the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award". Dayton Literary Peace Prize. November 10, 2012. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016 . Retrieved June 15, 2016 . ^ Dayani, Dilshad. "Ban Ki-moon and Women in Power Define Empowerment With Their Renewed Pledge to "Help A Woman Rise."" Thrive Global, October 18, 2017. https://www.thriveglobal.com/stories/15279-ban-ki-moon-and-women-in-power-define-empowerment-with-their-renewed-pledge-to-help-a-woman-rise ^ https://news.yale.edu/2019/05/20/biographies-yales-2019-honorary-degree-recipients ^ Bridget Berry. "Gloria Steinem". Wagner College. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014 . Retrieved November 17, 2014 . ^ Bryan-Paul Frost; Jeffrey Sikkenga (January 1, 2003). History of American Political Thought. Lexington Books. pp. 711''. ISBN 978-0-7391-0624-2. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. ^ McNamara, Mary (August 15, 2011). "Television review: 'Gloria: In Her Own Words ' ". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2011. ^ Bahadur, Nina (September 9, 2013). "Gloria Steinem 'Female Force' Comic Book Looks Seriously Amazing". Huffingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Romy Zipken (September 10, 2013). "Gloria Steinem Is A Comic Book Star". jewcy.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "Gloria Steinem Comic Book Joins a Strong 'Female Force' Not to be Reckoned With | VITAMIN W". Vitaminw.co. September 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Radish, Christina (2013). "Gloria Steinem Talks PBS Documentary MAKERS: WOMEN WHO MAKE AMERICA, the Current State of Women's Rights, Today's Most Inspiring Women, & More". collider.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Sarah Fabiny; Max Hergenrother; Nancy Harrison (December 26, 2014). Who Is Gloria Steinem?. Penguin Group US. ISBN 978-0-698-18737-5. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. ^ "The Sixties '' Season 1, Episode 8: The Times They Are-a-Changin', aired 7/24/2014". tv.com. 2014. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "The Good Wife: Good Law? - Season 6, Episode 3". Celebrity Justice. Archived from the original on November 23, 2014 . Retrieved November 17, 2014 . ^ " ' Catalog Interview With Gloria Steinem Has Lands' End on Its Heels ' ". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016 . Retrieved February 29, 2016 . ^ JenniferLopezVEVO (May 6, 2016). "Jennifer Lopez '' Ain't Your Mama". Archived from the original on January 29, 2018 '' via YouTube. ^ Recording of an excerpt of the Address to the Women of America at MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on October 30, 2009. ^ "Gloria Steinem talks about 'Woman ' ". Bendbulletin.com. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016 . Retrieved June 15, 2016 . ^ "Gloria Steinem Papers, 1940''2000 [ongoing], 237 boxes (105.75 linear ft.), Collection number: MS 237". Sophia Smith Collection. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014 . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ Aukland, Cleo (October 19, 2018). "What Did Critics Think of Gloria: A Life Off-Broadway?". Playbill . Retrieved January 19, 2019 . Further reading [ edit ] Education of A Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem by Carolyn Heilbrun (Ballantine Books, United States, 1995) ISBN 978-0-345-40621-7Gloria Steinem: Her Passions, Politics, and Mystique by Sydney Ladensohn Stern (Birch Lane Press, 1997) ISBN 978-1-55972-409-8External links [ edit ]
  • Michele Wallace - Wikipedia
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    • This article is about the black feminist author. For garage house singer Michelle Wallace, see
    • North End (band).
    • Michele Faith Wallace
    • Born ( 1952-01-04 ) January 4, 1952 (age 68) Harlem, New York City, United StatesOccupationAuthor, professor, cultural criticNotable worksBlack Macho and the Myth of the SuperwomanSpouseEugene Nesmith (m. 1989' ''' 2001)
    • Michele Faith Wallace (born January 4, 1952) is a black feminist author, cultural critic, and daughter of artist Faith Ringgold. She is best known for her 1979 book Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. Wallace's writings on literature, art, film, and popular culture have been widely published and have made her a leader of African-American intellectuals. She is a Professor of English at the City College of New York and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY).
    • Early life [ edit ] Michele Faith Wallace was born on January 4, 1952, in Harlem, New York. She and her younger sister Barbara grew up in a black middle-class family. Her mother is Faith Ringgold, who was a teacher and college lecturer before becoming a widely exhibited artist. Her father, Robert Earl Wallace, was a classical and jazz pianist.[1] Her parents separated after four years of marriage.[2] Michele and Barbara Wallace were raised by their mother and stepfather Burdette "Birdie" Ringgold in Harlem's exclusive Sugar Hill.[3] Growing up, Wallace went to private school and spent summers at camp or in Europe.[2] She attended elementary school at Our Savior Lutheran Church before transferring to the progressive New Lincoln School, where David Rieff and Shari Belafonte were among her classmates.[4] Wallace cites her time at New Lincoln as one of her first experiences with radical politics.[5]
    • Wallace graduated from high school in 1969 and enrolled at Howard University in Washington, D.C., for fall the same year. She spent a semester at Howard before returning to Harlem. Back in New York City in the spring of 1970, she organized with her mother around anti-war, anti-imperialist art movements of the time and attended night school at the City College of New York. During this time she and her mother founded Women Students and Artists for Black Art Liberation (WSABAL), an organization that advocated for the inclusion of women of color's voices in the art world.[5][6] In 1973 she co-founded the National Black Feminist Organization with Faith Ringgold, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, and other prominent black feminist activists.[7] Wallace earned her B.A. in English and Creative Writing from City College in 1974.[4]
    • Career [ edit ] From 1974 to 1975, Wallace worked at Newsweek as a book review researcher. During this period Wallace contributed to Ms. magazine from time to time. In 1974 she met Ross Wetzsteon and Karen Durbin of The Village Voice and began writing for the publication on black feminism, her upbringing in Harlem in the 1950s and '60s, and her position in the black middle-class educated elite. Wallace's articles in The Voice brought her prominence as a black feminist in New York.[5]
    • In 1975, she quit her job at Newsweek after receiving an advance for a book draft that would eventually become Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. She spent the next two years writing and editing this book. Low on money at the time, Wallace took on a job as an instructor in journalism at New York University in 1976, later becoming an assistant professor of English.[4][5] Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman was published by Dial Press in 1979.[8] Wallace was Essence magazine's Editor at Large in 1983. From 1995 to 1996, she was a columnist for The Village Voice.[9]
    • Wallace currently teaches at the City College of New York and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). In addition to her B.A. in English and Creative Writing, she holds a M.A. in English from City College (1990) and a Ph.D. in Cinema Studies from New York University (1999).[1] She has taught at numerous institutions, including Rutgers University and Cornell University.[9]
    • Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman [ edit ] Overview [ edit ] Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman, published in 1979, criticizes sexism in the black community and black nationalism in the 1960s. The book grapples with twin stereotypes of the black man and woman'--black macho, the hypermasculine and hypersexualized black man, and superwoman, the inordinately strong black woman unfazed by white racism.[10] The book criticizes black men and the Civil Rights Movement for its injurious acceptance of white society's notion of manhood.[8] This, according to Wallace, has resulted in a divide between black women and men.[11] Combining personal anecdotes with social, cultural, and historical analysis, Wallace also reflects on her subject position as an educated middle-class black woman. A pre-publication excerpt of Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman appeared in the January 1979 issue of Ms. magazine.
    • Black feminism [ edit ] Though Wallace's editor refused to associate the book with feminism of any kind,[12] Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman is a prime example of black feminist writing. Recognizing black women as the lowest of the low in American society, Wallace argued that black women suffered specific injustices based on the intersection of their race and gender. Black women could not find complete solidarity with black men or white women. According to Wallace, black men blamed black women for their persecution during slavery, and white women were unable to understand the specific problems of black women. In Black Macho, Wallace is most concerned with black men's betrayal of black women. By dating white women and encouraging black women's submission, black men reinforced black female oppression on the basis of both race and gender.[13]
    • Critical reception [ edit ] Former Ms. magazine editor Gloria Steinem proclaimed Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman as the book that would "shape the 80s."[10] In the wake of its publication, Black Macho stirred much controversy. Wallace's blasting of patriarchal culture in the black community and Black Power movement has been called divisive.[14] The work was criticized by intellectuals, political figures, and feminists including Angela Davis and even Wallace's mother Faith Ringgold who ultimately wrote a book in response.[15] A review of Black Macho in The Village Voice called the book "an elusive work... [whose] pages offer autobiography, historical information, sociology, and mere opinion dressed up to resemble analysis. It is a polemic, seriously felt, sometimes scathing, often repetitious." Many critics of the book offered similar evaluations by questioning Wallace's character and intellectual capabilities. Criticisms were published in The New York Times, Freedomways, and Time among other publications.[10]
    • In the same year that Black Macho was released The Black Scholar published an essay by Robert Staples called "The Myth of Black Macho: A Response to Angry Black Feminists." The essay derides Black Macho for its portrayal of black men and its attack on black malehood. Staples also criticized the book for not including a male voice.[16] The following issue of The Black Scholar, titled "The Black Sexism Debate" (1979), was dedicated to discussing Black Macho, along with Ntozake Shange's For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf (1975). This issue featured responses to Staples from prominent black scholars and activists including June Jordan, Maulana Karenga, and Audre Lorde. Opponents of Black Macho disputed the severity of sexism in the black community and the priority it should have in black liberation, citing racism as a more serious concern.[10]
    • Despite the overwhelming hostility it initially faced, Black Macho has been celebrated, especially in contemporary times, for its fearless demystification of stereotypes and critical feminist analysis of black nationalism.[10][17][18]
    • Awards and fellowships [ edit ] "Modernism, Postmodernism and The Problem of The Visual in Afro-American Culture," PSC-CUNY Creative Incentive Award, University Committee on Research, City University of New York (1991)"The Problem of The Visual in Afro-American Film," Eisner Fellowship, City College of New York (1991)Artists' Fellowship: Nonfiction Literature, New York Foundation for the Arts (1991)"The Problem of The Visual in African-American Film," Eisner Fellowship, City College of New York (1993)The Blanche, Edith and Irving Laurie New Jersey Chair in Women's Studies at Douglass College, Rutgers University (1996''1997)Lifetime Achievement Award of Journalism Alumni, City College of New York (2008)Select bibliography [ edit ] Books [ edit ] Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman (1979), ISBN 978-1859842966Faith Ringgold: Twenty Years of Painting, Sculpture and Performances (ed. 1984)Invisibility Blues: From Pop To Theory (1990), ISBN 978-1859844878Black Popular Culture, with Gina Dent (1993), ISBN 978-1565844599Passing, Lynching and Jim Crow: A Genealogy of Race and Gender in U.S. Visual Culture, 1895''1929 (1999)Dark Designs and Visual Culture (2004), ISBN 978-0822334132Essays [ edit ] "Michael Jackson, Black Modernisms and 'The Ecstasy of Communication,'" Global Television (1989), ISBN 978-0262691239"Race, Gender and Psychoanalysis in Forties Film: 'Lost Boundaries,' 'Home of the Brave' and 'The Quiet One,'" Black American Cinema (1993), ISBN 978-0415903974"The Search for the 'Good Enough' Mammy: Multiculturalism, Popular Culture and Psychoanalysis," Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader (1994), ISBN 978-0631189121"Anger in Isolation: A Black Feminist's Search for Sisterhood," Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought (1995), ISBN 978-1565842564"Black Female Spectatorship and The Dilemma of Tokenism," Generations: Academic Feminists in Dialogue (1997)"Uncle Tom's Cabin: Before and After the Jim Crow Era," TDR: The Drama Review (2000)"The Enigma of the Negress Kara Walker," Kara Walker: Narratives of a Negress (2003), ISBN 978-0262025409"The Imperial Gaze: The Venus Hottentot," Black Venus 2010: They Called Her "Hottentot" (2010), ISBN 978-1439902059See also [ edit ] bell hooksBlack Arts MovementBlack feminismFaith RinggoldIntersectionalityMisogynoirNtozake ShangeReferences [ edit ] ^ a b Wallace, Michele. "About". Michele Faith Wallace website. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014 . Retrieved May 9, 2014 . ^ a b Wallace, Michele (1979). Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman. London: John Calder. pp. 92''93. ISBN 9780714537818. ^ Klemesrud, Judy (January 19, 1979). "Black macho: Michele Wallace". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane . Retrieved May 10, 2014 . ^ a b c Griffith, Susan. "Wallace, Michele Faith (1952- )". BlackPast.org . Retrieved May 9, 2014 . ^ a b c d Wallace, Michele (1997). "To Hell and Back: On The Road with Black Feminism in the 60s & 70s" . Retrieved May 9, 2014 . ^ Farrington, Lisa (2005). Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists. Oxford University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0199767601. ^ Wada, Kayomi. "National Black Feminist Organization (1973''1976)". BlackPast.org . Retrieved May 10, 2014 . ^ a b Watkins, Mel (June 15, 1986). "SEXISM, RACISM AND BLACK WOMEN WRITERS". The New York Times . Retrieved May 10, 2014 . ^ a b The Center for Art of Africa and its Diasporas (CAAD). "CAAD and Art History Lecture Series present Faith Ringgold and Michele Wallace in conversation". The University of Texas at Austin . Retrieved May 9, 2014 . ^ a b c d e Alexander-Floyd, Nikol (2003). " " We Shall Have Our Manhood:" Black Macho, Black Nationalism, and the Million Man March". Meridians. Indiana University Press. 3 (2): 171''72. JSTOR 40338580. ^ Wallace, Michele (1979). Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman . p. 13. ISBN 978-0520271852. ^ Litman, Amanda (February 16, 2011). "Black History Month: The Myth of the Black Superwoman, Revisited". Ms. Blog. Ms. Magazine . Retrieved June 8, 2014 . ^ Wallace, Michele (1994). "Chapter 4: 'We Cannot Rely on Existing Ideologies ' ". In Schneir, Miriam (ed.). Feminism in Our Time: The Essential Writings, World War II to the Present. Vintage Books. pp. 295''209. ISBN 978-0-679-74508-2. ^ Bloom, Joshua; Martin, Waldo (2013). Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party. ISBN 978-1859842966. ^ Faith,, Ringgold,. A letter to my daughter, Michele : in response to her book, Black macho and the myth of the superwoman. North Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 9781517572662. OCLC 932761256. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) ^ Breines, Winifred (2007). The Trouble Between Us: An Uneasy History of White and Black Women in the Feminist Movement. Oxford University Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0195334593. ^ "Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman". Verso Books . Retrieved May 11, 2014 . ^ Early, Gerald (April 21, 1996). "Black Like Them". The New York Times . Retrieved May 9, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website Zenfolio"Ringgold in the 1960s""Soul Pictures: Black Feminist Generations"
  • Shahrazad Ali - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:04
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    • Shahrazad Ali (born April 27, 1954, in Atlanta, Georgia, US), raised in Cincinnati, Ohio, is an author of several books, including a paperback called The Blackman's Guide to Understanding the Blackwoman.[1][2][3] The book was controversial[4][5] bringing "forth community forums, pickets and heated arguments among blacks in many parts" of the US[1] when it was published in 1989.
    • Book reviews [ edit ] Stories about the book appeared in the Los Angeles Times, New York Times, Washington Post, Newsday, and Newsweek. Ali appeared on Tony Brown's Journal, the Sally Jessy Raphal Show, The Phil Donahue Show, and Geraldo TV programs'--and was ridiculed on In Living Color.[6] The book reportedly brought black bookstores new business,[4] while other black bookstores banned it.[1] It also provoked a book of essays (called Confusion by Any Other Name) that explored the negative impact of The Blackman's Guide.[6]
    • Some passages of her book describing African American women'--referred to as the Blackwoman, as is the parlance of the Nation of Islam'--quoted in the media include the following:
    • Although not lazy by nature, she has become loose and careless about herself and about her man and family. Her brain is smaller than the Blackman's, so while she is acclaimed for her high scholastic achievement, her thought processes do not compare to the conscious Blackman's.
    • Her unbridled tongue is the main reason she cannot get along with the Blackman...if she ignores the authority and superiority of the Blackman, there is a penalty. When she crosses this line and becomes viciously insulting it is time for the Blackman to soundly slap her in the mouth.[1][6]
    • Ali stated, "I wrote the book because black women in America have been protected and insulated against certain kinds of criticism and examination."[5] Critics complained that book offered no factual data to substantiate her views or information about how she came to her conclusions and was essentially as a vanity-press product that would have been ignored by black people and others had it not been for the media attention its novelty and outrageousness created.[1][6]
    • [ edit ] In August 2013, Ali re-emerged in the media as a guest commentator on the HLN program Dr. Drew on Call.[4] She was also interviewed on The Trisha Goddard Show along with white supremacist Craig Cobb, agreeing with Cobb that the black and white races should be separated.
    • Life [ edit ] Ali is the mother of 12 children, nine of them adopted.[5]
    • Selected bibliography [ edit ] How Not to Eat Pork (Or Life without the Pig), 1985 (ISBN 0933405006)The Blackman's Guide to Understanding the Blackwoman, 1989 (ISBN 0933405014)The Blackwoman's Guide to Understanding the Blackman, 1992 (ISBN 0933405030)Are You Still a Slave? 1994 (ISBN 0933405049)Day by Day, 1996 (ISBN 0933405057)How to Tell If Your Man Is Gay or Bisexual, 2003, (ISBN 978-0933405103)In addition she has written some books no longer in print.
    • Urban Survival for the Year 2000How to Prepare for the Y2K Computer Problem in the 'HoodReferences [ edit ] ^ a b c d e Williams, Lena (October 2, 1990). "Black Woman's Book Starts a Predictable Storm". New York Times . Retrieved March 17, 2010 . ^ Millner, Denene (July 16, 1996). "Waiting to Experience Marriage Books Challenge Black Women to Stop Tarrying & Start Marrying". New York Daily News. [permanent dead link ] ^ Smith, Elmer (October 28, 1991). "Marriage of Civil Rights, Women's movement is sore point". The Pittsburgh Press . Retrieved March 17, 2010 . ^ a b c Simmons, Sheila. "The Return of Shahrazadd Ali". 1 September 2013. Liberty City Press . Retrieved November 25, 2013 . ^ a b c Fitten, Ronald K. (December 3, 1990). "Shahrazad Ali Points Finger at Black Women'--Controversial Author to Speak at Paramount Theater Tonight". Seattle Times . Retrieved November 25, 2013 . ^ a b c d Page, Clarence (November 2, 1990). "Black writer's trashy book is target of black humor". Toledo Blade . Retrieved March 17, 2010 .
  • Joe Brown (judge) - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:28
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    • This article is about the person. For the television series, see
    • Judge Joe Brown.
    • Joseph Blakeney Brown Jr. (born July 5, 1947), known as Judge Joe Brown, is an American lawyer and television personality. He is a former Shelby County, Tennessee, Criminal Court judge and a former arbiter of the arbitration-based reality court show Judge Joe Brown.
    • Early years [ edit ] Raised in the Crenshaw District of Los Angeles, Brown graduated as valedictorian at Dorsey High School, then in 1969[1] earned a bachelor's degree in political science and in 1973 a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree at UCLA. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.[2]
    • Career [ edit ] Brown became the first African-American prosecutor in the city of Memphis. He would later open his own law practice before becoming a judge on the State Criminal Court of Shelby County, Tennessee.
    • Brown was thrust into the national spotlight while presiding over James Earl Ray's last appeal of Ray's conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Brown was removed from the reopened investigation of King's murder due to alleged bias'--former Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney of Georgia wrote that Brown told her and the Congressional Black Caucus, unequivocally, that the so-called murder rifle was not the weapon that killed Martin Luther King, Jr.[3] It was during this time that Judge Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy.
    • In March 2014, Brown won the Democratic primary for the position of Shelby County district attorney.[4] He lost the general election to Republican incumbent Amy Weirich by 65% to 35%, after making comments about her sexuality.[5][6]
    • Personal life [ edit ] Judge Joe Brown is twice divorced and has two sons from his first marriage.[7]
    • Legal issues [ edit ] In March 2014, Brown was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, and charged with five counts of contempt of court and getting "verbally abusive" during a child support case overseen by Magistrate Harold Horne. Brown, who retains his law license, was reviewing a child support matter as a favor to an acquaintance. According to press accounts, Brown became combative and irate after Horne refused to discuss details of the case that were not on the schedule. Brown was sentenced to five days in jail,[4][8] but was later released on his own recognizance.[9] Brown surrendered to the Shelby County Sheriff on August 27, 2015 to serve his five-day sentence at the Shelby County Corrections Facility in Memphis.[10] He was released from the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015.[11]
    • References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] Judge Joe BrownJudge Joe Brown on IMDb
  • Propaganda (book) - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:30
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    • Propaganda, an influential book written by Edward L. Bernays in 1928, incorporated the literature from social science and psychological manipulation into an examination of the techniques of public communication. Bernays wrote the book in response to the success of some of his earlier works such as Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) and A Public Relations Counsel (1927). Propaganda explored the psychology behind manipulating masses and the ability to use symbolic action and propaganda to influence politics, effect social change, and lobby for gender and racial equality.[1] Walter Lippman was Bernays' unacknowledged American mentor and his work The Phantom Public greatly influenced the ideas expressed in Propaganda a year later.[2] The work propelled Bernays into media historians' view of him as the "father of public relations."[3]
    • Synopsis [ edit ] Chapters one through six address the complex relationship between human psychology, democracy, and corporations. Bernays' thesis is that "invisible" people who create knowledge and propaganda rule over the masses, with a monopoly on the power to shape thoughts, values, and citizen response.[4] "Engineering consent" of the masses would be vital for the survival of democracy.[5] Bernays explains:
    • "The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of."[6]
    • Bernays expands this argument to the economic realm, appreciating the positive impact of propaganda in the service of capitalism.[7]
    • "A single factory, potentially capable of supplying a whole continent with its particular product, cannot afford to wait until the public asks for its product; it must maintain constant touch, through advertising and propaganda, with the vast public in order to assure itself the continuous demand which alone will make its costly plant profitable."[8]
    • Bernays places great importance on the ability of a propaganda producer, as he views himself, to unlock the motives behind an individual's desires, not simply the reason an individual might offer. He argues, "Man's thoughts and actions are compensatory substitutes for desires which he has been obliged to suppress."[9] Bernays suggests that propaganda may become increasingly effective and influential through the discovery of audiences' hidden motives. He asserts that the emotional response inherently present in propaganda limits the audience's choices by creating a binary mentality, which can result in quicker, more enthused responses.[10] The final five chapters largely reiterate the concepts voiced earlier in the book and provide case studies for how to use propaganda to effectively advance women's rights, education, and social services.[11]
    • Reception and impact [ edit ] Despite the relative significance of Propaganda to twentieth century media history and modern public relations, surprisingly little critique of the work exists. Public relations scholar Curt Olsen argues that the public largely accepted Bernays' "sunny" view of propaganda, an acceptance eroded by fascism in the World War II era.[12] Olsen also argues that Bernays's skill with language allowed terms such as "education" to subtly replace darker concepts such as "indoctrination."[13] Finally, Olsen criticizes Bernays for advocating "psychic ease" for the average person to have no burden to answer for his or her own actions in the face of powerful messages.[14] On the other hand, writers such as Marvin Olasky justify Bernays as killing democracy in order to save it.[15] In this way, the presence of an elite, faceless persuasion constituted the only plausible way to prevent authoritarian control.[16]
    • Concepts outlined in Bernays' Propaganda and other works enabled the development of the first "two-way model" of public relations, using elements of social science in order to better formulate public opinion.[17] Bernays justified public relations as a profession by clearly emphasizing that no individual or group had a monopoly on the true understanding of the world.[18] According to public relations expert Stuart Ewen, "What Lippman set out in grand, overview terms, Bernays is running through in how-to-do-it-terms."[19] His techniques are now staples for public image creation and political campaigns.[20]
    • Notes [ edit ] ^ Bernays ^ Stephen Bender, LewRockwell.com, "Karl Rove & the Spectre of Freud's Nephew." Last modified 2005. Accessed March 26, 2013. http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig6/bender2.html. ^ Turow, 565. ^ Bernays, 20. ^ Bernays, 11. ^ Bernays, 9. ^ Bernays, 61. ^ Bernays, 57. ^ Bernays, 52. ^ Bernays, 28, 100. ^ Bernays. ^ Olsen. ^ Olsen. ^ Olsen. ^ Olasky ^ Olasky ^ Turow, 565. ^ Turow, 565. ^ Tye, 98. ^ Tye, ix. Sources [ edit ] Edward Bernays (1928). Propaganda. Routledge.Marvin Olasky (1984). "Roots of Modern Public Relations: The Bernays Doctrine." Public Relations Quarterly.Curt Olsen (July 2005). "Bernay vs. Ellul: Two views of propaganda". Public Relations Tactics 12(7), p. 28.Joseph Turow (2011). Media Today: An Introduction to Mass Communication. New York, New York: Routledge.Larry Tye (2002). The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations. Picador.External links [ edit ] Stephen Bender. Karl Rove & the Spectre of Freud's Nephew, LewRockwell.com, 2005-02-04Deconstructing Edward Bernays' Propaganda - Podcast series breaking down each chapter.Propaganda Book
  • Nikki Giovanni - Wikipedia
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    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:32
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    • Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.[1][2] (born June 7, 1943) is an American poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. One of the world's most well-known African-American poets,[2] her work includes poetry anthologies, poetry recordings, and nonfiction essays, and covers topics ranging from race and social issues to children's literature. She has won numerous awards, including the Langston Hughes Medal and the NAACP Image Award. She has been nominated for a Grammy Award for her poetry album, The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection. Additionally, she has been named as one of Oprah Winfrey's 25 "Living Legends".[2]
    • Giovanni gained initial fame in the late 1960s as one of the foremost authors of the Black Arts Movement. Influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement of the period, her early work provides a strong, militant African-American perspective, leading one writer to dub her the "Poet of the Black Revolution".[2] During the 1970s, she began writing children's literature, and co-founded a publishing company, NikTom Ltd, to provide an outlet for other African-American women writers. Over subsequent decades, her works discussed social issues, human relationships, and hip hop. Poems such as "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" have been frequently re-published in anthologies and other collections.[3]
    • Giovanni has taught at Queens College, Rutgers, and Ohio State, and is currently a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech. Following the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007, she delivered a chant-poem at a memorial for the shooting victims.[4]
    • Life and work [ edit ] Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr. was born in Knoxville, Tennessee,[4] to Yolande Cornelia Sr. and Jones "Gus" Giovanni. Soon after her birth, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where her parents worked at Glenview School. In 1948, the family moved to Wyoming, and sometime in those first three years, Giovanni's sister, Gary, began calling her "Nikki." In 1958, Giovanni moved to Knoxville, TN to live with her grandparents and attend Austin High School.[3] In 1960, she began her studies at her grandfather's alma mater, Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee as an "Early Entrant" which meant that she could enroll in college without having finished high school first.[5] She immediately clashed with the Dean of Women, Ann Cheatam, and was expelled after neglecting to obtain the required permission from the Dean to leave campus and travel home for Thanksgiving break. Giovanni moved back to Knoxville where she worked at a Walgreens Drug Store and helped care for her nephew, Christopher. In 1964, Giovanni spoke with the new Dean of Women at Fisk University, Blanche McConnell Cowan ("Jackie"), who urged Giovanni to return to Fisk that fall. While at Fisk, Giovanni edited a student literary journal (titled lan), reinstated the campus chapter of SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), and published an essay in Negro Digest on gender questions in the Movement.[6] In 1967, she graduated with honors with a B.A. degree in History.
    • Soon after graduation, she suffered the loss of her grandmother, Louvenia Watson, and turned to writing to cope with her death. These poems would later be included in her anthology, Black Feelings, Black Talk. In 1968, Giovanni attended a semester at University of Pennsylvania and then moved to New York City. She briefly attended Columbia University and privately published Black Feeling, Black Talk.[7] In 1969, Giovanni began teaching at Livingston College of Rutgers University. She was an active member of the Black Arts Movement beginning in the late 1960s. In 1969, she gave birth to Thomas Watson Giovanni, her only child. In 1970, she began making regular appearances on the television program Soul!, an entertainment/variety/talk show which promoted black art and culture and allowed political expression. Soul! hosted important guests such as Muhammad Ali, James Baldwin, Jesse Jackson, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Gladys Knight, Miriam Makeba, and Stevie Wonder. (In addition to being a "regular" on the show, Giovanni for several years helped design and produce episodes.) She published multiple poetry anthologies, children's books, and released spoken word albums from 1973 to 1987.[6]
    • Since 1987, she has taught writing and literature at Virginia Tech, where she is a University Distinguished Professor.[8] She has received the NAACP Image Award several times, received twenty honorary doctorates and various other awards, including the Rosa Parks and the Langston Hughes Award for Distinguished Contributions to Arts and Letters.[4] She also holds the key to several different cities, including Dallas, Miami, New York City, and Los Angeles.[9] She is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star (PHA), she has received the Life Membership and Scroll from the National Council of Negro Women, and is an Honorary Member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.
    • Giovanni was diagnosed with lung cancer in the early 1990s, and underwent numerous surgeries. Her book Blues: For All the Changes: New Poems, published in 1999, contains poems about nature and her battle with cancer. In 2002, Giovanni spoke in front of NASA about the need for African Americans to pursue space travel, and later published Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems and Not Quite Poems, which dealt with similar themes.[7]
    • She has also been honored for her life and career by the History Makers along with being the first person to receive the Rosa L. Parks Women of Courage Award. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Honor from Dillard University in 2010.[6] In 2015, Giovanni was named one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" for her contributions to poetry, education, and society.[10]
    • Virginia Tech shooting [ edit ] Seung-Hui Cho, the mass murderer who killed 32 people in the Virginia Tech shooting on April 16, 2007, was a student in one of Giovanni's poetry classes. Describing him as "mean" and "menacing", she approached the department chair to have Cho taken out of her class, and said she was willing to resign rather than continue teaching him.[11] After the massacre, Giovanni stated that, upon hearing of the shooting, she immediately suspected that Cho might be the shooter.[11]
    • Giovanni was asked by Virginia Tech president Charles Steger to give a convocation speech at the April 17 memorial service for the shooting victims (she was asked by Steger at 5:00 pm on the day of the shootings, giving her less than 24 hours to prepare the speech). She expressed that she usually feels very comfortable delivering speeches, but worried that her emotion would get the best of her.[12] On April 17, 2007, at the Virginia Tech Convocation commemorating the April 16 massacre,[12] Giovanni closed the ceremony with a chant poem, intoning:
    • We know we did nothing to deserve it. But neither does a child in Africa dying of AIDS. Neither do the invisible children walking the night awake to avoid being captured by a rogue army. Neither does the baby elephant watching his community being devastated for ivory. Neither does the Mexican child looking for fresh water....We are Virginia Tech.... We will prevail.[13][14][15]
    • '--'‰cquote
    • Her speech also sought to express the idea that really terrible things happen to good people: "I would call it, in terms of writing, in terms of poetry, it's a laundry list. Because all you're doing is: This is who we are, and this is what we think, and this is what we feel, and this is why - you know?... I just wanted to admit, you know, that we didn't deserve this, and nobody does. And so I wanted to link our tragedy, in every sense, you know - we're no different from anything else that has ...."[12]
    • She thought that ending with a thrice-repeated "We will prevail" would be anti-climactic, and she wanted to connect back with the beginning, for balance. So, shortly before going onstage, she added a closing: "We are Virginia Tech." [12] Her performance produced a sense of unity and received a fifty-four second standing ovation from the over-capacity audience in Cassell Coliseum, including then-President George W. Bush.[16]
    • Writing [ edit ] The Civil Rights Movement and Black Power movements inspired her early poetry that was collected in Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968), which sold over ten thousand copies in its first year, in Black Judgement (1968), selling six thousand copies in three months, and in Re: Creation (1970). All three of these early works aided in establishing Giovanni as a new voice for African Americans.(30) In "After Mecca": Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement, Cheryl Clarke cites Giovanni as a woman poet who became a significant part of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movement.[17] Giovanni is commonly praised as one of the best African-American poets emerging from the 1960s Black Power and Black Arts Movements.[18] Her early poems that were collected in the late 1960s and early 1970s are seen as radical as and more militant than her later work. Her poetry is described as being "politically, spiritually, and socially aware".[18] Evie Shockley describes Giovanni as "epitomizing the defiant, unapologetically political, unabashedly Afrocentric, BAM ethos".[19] Her work is described as conveying "urgency in expressing the need for Black awareness, unity, [and] solidarity." Giovanni herself takes great pride in being a "Black American, a daughter, mother, and a Professor of English". (29) [18] She has since written more than two dozen books, including volumes of poetry, illustrated children's books, and three collections of essays. Her work is said to speak to all ages, and she strives to make her work easily accessible and understood by both adults and children. (29) Her writing, heavily inspired by African-American activists and artists,[20][21] also reflects the influences of issues of race, gender, sexuality, and the African-American family.[18] Her book Love Poems (1997) was written in memory of Tupac Shakur, and she has stated that she would "rather be with the thugs than the people who are complaining about them."[22] Additionally, in 2007 she wrote a children's picture book titled Rosa, which centers on the life of Civil Rights leader Rosa Parks. In addition to this book reaching number three on the New York Best Seller list, it also received the Caldecott Honors Award, and its illustrator, Brian Collier, received the Coretta Scott King Award. (29)
    • Giovanni's poetry reaches more readership through her active engagement with live audiences. She gave her first public reading at the New York City jazz spot, Birdland.[23] Her public expression of ''oppression, anger, and solidarity''[23] as well as her political activism allow her to reach more than just the poetic circles. After the birth of her son in 1969, Giovanni recorded several of her poems with a musical backdrop of jazz and gospel. She began to travel all around the world and speak and read to a wider audience. Even though Giovanni's earlier works were known to carry a militant, revolutionary tone, Giovanni communicated "a global sense of solidarity amongst oppressed peoples in the world" in her travels.[23] It is in this sense of human unity in which Giovanni aligns herself with the beliefs of Martin Luther King, Jr. Like King, Giovanni believes a unified, collective government must be made up of the everyday, ordinary citizen, regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender.[23] In the 1970s and '80s her popularity as a speaker increased even more. In 1972 Giovanni interviewed Muhammad Ali on Soul![24]
    • Giovanni is often interviewed regarding themes pertaining to her poetry such as gender and race. In an interview entitled "I am Black, Female, Polite", Peter Bailey questions her regarding the role of gender and race in the poetry she writes.[25] Bailey specifically addresses the critically acclaimed poem "Nikki-Rosa," and questions whether it is reflective of the poet's own childhood and her experiences in her community. In the interview, Giovanni stresses that she did not like constantly reading the trope of the black family as a tragedy and that "Nikki-Rosa" demonstrates the experiences that she witnessed in her communities.[25] Specifically, the poem deals with black folk culture and touches on such gender, race, and social issues as alcoholism and domestic violence and not having an indoor bathroom. (30)
    • Giovanni's poetry in the late 1960s and early 1970s addressed black womanhood and black manhood among other themes. In a book she co-wrote with James Baldwin entitled A Dialogue, the two authors speak blatantly about the status of the black male in the household. Baldwin challenges Giovanni's opinion on the representation of black women as the "breadwinners" in the household. Baldwin states: "A man is not a woman. And whether he's wrong or right... Look, if we're living in the same house and you're my wife or my woman, I have to be responsible for that house."[26] Conversely, Giovanni recognizes the black man's strength, whether or not he is "responsible" for the home or economically advantaged. The interview makes it clear that regardless of who is "responsible" for the home, the black woman and the black man should be dependent on one another. In a 1972 Soul! interview with Mohammed Ali, Giovanni uses her popularity as a speaker to a broader audience to read some of her essay "Gemini" from her book, Gemini. In the excerpt from that essay, Giovanni intones, "we are born men and women...we need some happiness in our lives, some hope, some love...I really like to think a black, beautiful loving world is possible."[27] Such themes appeared throughout her early poetry which focused on race and gender dynamics in the black community.[26]
    • Giovanni tours nationwide and frequently speaks out against hate-motivated violence.[28] At a 1999 Martin Luther King Day event, she recalled the 1998 murders of James Byrd, Jr. and Matthew Shepard: "What's the difference between dragging a black man behind a truck in Jasper, Texas, and beating a white boy to death in Wyoming because he's gay?"[29]
    • Those Who Ride the Night Winds (1983) acknowledged black figures. Giovanni collected her essays in the 1988 volume Sacred Cows ... and Other Edibles. Her more recent works include Acolytes, a collection of 80 new poems, and On My Journey Now. Acolytes is her first published volume since her 2003 Collected Poems. The work is a celebration of love and recollection directed at friends and loved ones, and it recalls memories of nature, theater, and the glories of children. However, Giovanni's fiery persona still remains a constant undercurrent in Acolytes, as some of the most serious verse links her own life struggles (being a black woman and a cancer survivor) to the wider frame of African-American history and the continual fight for equality.
    • Giovanni's collection Bicycles: Love Poems (2009) is a companion work to her 1997 Love Poems. Both works touch on the deaths of her mother, her sister, and those massacred on the Virginia Tech campus. "Tragedy and trauma are the wheels" of the bicycle. The first poem ("Blacksburg Under Siege: 21 August 2006") and the last poem ("We Are Virginia Tech") reflect this. Giovanni chose the title of the collection as a metaphor for love itself, "because love requires trust and balance."[30]
    • In Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid (2013), Giovanni describes falling off of a bike and her mother saying, "Come here, Nikki and I will pick you up." She has explained that it was comforting to hear her mother say this, and that "it took me the longest to realize '' no, she made me get up myself."[31] Chasing Utopia continues as a hybrid (poetry and prose) work about food as a metaphor and as a connection to the memory of her mother, sister, and grandmother. The theme of the work is love relationships.[32]
    • In 2004, Giovanni was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards for her album The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection. This was a collection of poems that she read against the backdrop of gospel music.(29) She also featured on the track "Ego Trip by Nikki Giovanni" on Blackalicious's 2000 album Nia. In November 2008, a song cycle of her poems, Sounds That Shatter the Staleness in Lives by Adam Hill, was premiered as part of the Soundscapes Chamber Music Series in Taos, New Mexico.
    • She was commissioned by National Public Radio's All Things Considered to create an inaugural poem for President Barack Obama.[33] Giovanni read poetry at the Lincoln Memorial as a part of the bi-centennial celebration of Lincoln's birth on February 12, 2009.[34]
    • Giovani was part of the 2016 Writer's Symposium by the Sea at Loma Nazarene University.[35] The University of California Television (UCTV) published the readings of Giovanni at the symposium. In October 2017 Giovani published her newest collection A Good Cry: What We Learn From Tears and Laughter. This collection includes poems that pay homage to the greatest influences on her life whom have passed away, including close friend Maya Angelou who died in 2014.[36] Giovani often reads from her book. In one reading she shares her poem, ''I Married My Mother.'' In 2017, Giovanni presented at a TEDx event. Here she read the poem, ''My Sister and Me.'' She called her and her sister, ''Two little chocolate girls.'' After reading the poem she claims, ''Sometimes you write a poem because damnit, you want to.'' [37]
    • Awards [ edit ] Sources:[38][39][40][41]
    • Keys to more than two dozen American cities, including New York, Miami, Los Angeles, and New OrleansState Historical markers in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lincoln Heights, OhioSeven NAACP Image Awards:Love Poems (1998)Blues: For All the Changes (1999)Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea (2003)Acolytes (2008)Hip Hop Speaks to Children (2009)100 Best African American Poems (2011)Bicycles (2010)National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship (1968)Harlem Cultural Council (1969)Woman of the Year, Ebony Magazine (1970)Woman of the Year, Mademoiselle magazine (1971)Woman of the Year, Ladies' Home Journal (1972)National Association of Radio and Television Announcers Award for Best Spoken Word Album, for Truth Is on Its Way (1972)National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship (1968)Harlem Cultural Council (1969)National Association of Radio and Television Announcers Award for Best Spoken Word Album, for Truth Is on Its Way (1972)National Association of Radio and Television Announcers Award for Best Spoken Word AlbumNational Book Award Nomination for Gemini (1973)Life Membership & Scroll, The National Council of Negro Women (1973)Woman of the Year, Cincinnati YWCA (1983)The Ohio Women's Hall of Fame (1985)Outstanding Woman of Tennessee (1985)Duncanson Artist in Residence, The Taft Museum (1986)The Post-Corbett Award (1986)The Post-Corbett Award (1986)The Children's Reading Roundtable of Chicago Award for Vacation Time (1988)The Ohioana Library Award for Sacred Cows (1988)The Children's Reading Roundtable of Chicago Award for Vacation Time (1988)The Ohioana Library Award for Sacred Cows (1988)The Cecil H. and Ida Green Honors Chair, Texas Christian University (1991)The Hill Visiting Professor, University of Minnesota (1993)Tennessee Writer's Award, The Nashville Banner (1994)The Tennessee Governor's Award in the Humanities (1996)The Langston Hughes Award for Distinguished Contributions to Arts and Letters (1996)Parents' Choice Award for The Sun Is So Quiet (1996)Artist-in-Residence. The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts (1996)Contributor's Arts Award, The Gwendolyn Brooks Center for Black Literature and Creative Writing (1996)Living Legacy Award, Juneteenth Festival of Columbus, Ohio (1998)Distinguished Visiting Professor, Johnson & Wales University (1998)The Appalachian Medallion Award (1998)Cincinnati Bi-Centennial Honoree (1998)The Tennessee Governor's Award in the Arts (1998)National Literary Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent, the Gwendolyn Brooks Center of Chicago State University (1998)Inducted into The Literary Hall of Fame for Writers of African Descent (1999)United States Senate Certificate of Commendation (2000)2000 Council of Ideas, The Gihon Foundation (2000)Virginia Governor's Award for the Arts (2000)The Rosa Parks Women of Courage Award, first recipient (2001 and again in 2002)The SHero Award for Lifetime Achievement (2002)American Library Association's Black Caucus Award for Non-fiction (2003)Inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, Delta of Tennessee chapter, Fisk University (2003)Named a History Maker (2003)The East Tennessee Writers Hall of Fame Award (2004)Finalist, Best Spoken Word Grammy (2004)Named one of Oprah Winfrey's 25 Living Legends (2005)Poet-In-Residence, Walt Whitman Birthplace Association Award (2005)Child Magazine Best Children's Book of the Year (2005)John Henry "Pop" Lloyd Humanitarian Award (2005)ALC Lifetime Achievement Award (2005)Delta Sigma Theta Sorority (Honorary Member) (2006)Caldecott Honor Book Award (2006)A species of bat named in her honor (Micronycteris giovanniae) (2007)Carl Sandburg Literary Award (2007)The National Council of Negro Women Appreciation Award (2007)The Legacy Award, National Alumni Council United Negro College Fund (2007)Legends and Legacies Award (2007)Women of Power Legacy Award (2008)National Parenting Publications Gold Award (2008)Sankofa Freedom Award (2008)American Book Award honoring outstanding literary achievement from the diverse spectrum of the American literary community (2008)Literary Excellence Award (2008)Excellence in Leadership Award from Dominion Power (2008)Ann Fralin Award (2009)Carter G. Woodson Book Award (2009)Moonbeam Children's Book Award (2009)Martin Luther King Jr. Award for Dedication and Commitment to Service (2009)Art Sanctuary's Lifetime Achievement Award (2010)Presidential Medal of Honor, Dillard University (2010)Affrilachian Award (2011)Library of Virginia's Literary Lifetime Achievement Award (2016)Maya Angelou Lifetime Achievement Award (2017)[42]Works [ edit ] Poetry collections [ edit ] Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968)Black Judgement (1968)Re: Creation (1970)Black Feeling, Black Talk/ Black Judgement (contains Black Feeling, Black Talk, and Black Judgement) (1970)My House (1972)The Women and The Men (1975)Cotton Candy on a Rainy Day (1978)Woman (1978)Those Who Ride The Night Winds (1983)Knoxville, Tennessee (1994)The Selected Poems of Nikki Giovanni (1996)Love Poems (1997)Blues: For All the Changes (1999)Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems and Not Quite Poems (2002)The Prosaic Soul of Nikki Giovanni (2003)The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni: 1968-1998 (2003)Acolytes (2007)Bicycles: Love Poems (2009) (William Morrow)100 Best African American Poems (2010) [editor] (Sourcebooks MediaFusion)Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid (2013) (HarperCollins) Children's books [ edit ] Spin a Soft Black Song (1971)Ego-Tripping and Other Poems For Young People (1973)Vacation Time: Poems for Children (1980)Ego-Tripping and Other Poems for Young People Revised Edition (1993)The Genie in The Jar (1996)The Sun Is So Quiet (1996)The Girls in the Circle (Just for You!) (2004)Rosa* (2005)Poetry Speaks to Children: A Celebration of Poetry with a Beat (2005) [advisory editor] (Sourcebooks)Lincoln and Douglass: An American Friendship (2008)Hip Hop Speaks to Children: A Celebration of Poetry with a Beat (2008) (Sourcebooks)The Grasshopper's Song: An Aesop's Fable (2008)I Am Loved (2018)Discography [ edit ] Truth Is On Its Way (Right On Records, 1976)The Reason I Like Chocolate (Folkways Records, 1976)Legacies: The Poetry of Nikki Giovanni (Folkways, 1976)Cotton Candy on a Rainy Day (Folkways, 1978)Nikki Giovanni and the New York Community Choir* (Collectibles, 1993)Every Tone A Testimony (Smithsonian Folkways, 2001)The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection (2002)Other [ edit ] (Editor) Night Comes Softly: An Anthology of Black Female Voices, Medic Press (1970)Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Statement on My First Twenty-five Years of Being a Black Poet* (1971)A Dialogue with James Baldwin* (1973)(With Margaret Walker) A Poetic Equation: Conversations between Nikki Giovanni and Margaret Walker* (1974)(Author of introduction) Adele Sebastian: Intro to Fine (poems), Woman in the Moon (1985)Sacred Cows ... and Other Edibles (essays)* (1988)(Editor, with C. Dennison) Appalachian Elders: A Warm Hearth Sampler* (1991)(Author of foreword) The Abandoned Baobob: The Autobiography of a Woman* (1991)Racism 101* (essays, 1994)(Editor) Grand Mothers: Poems, Reminiscences, and Short Stories about the Keepers of Our Traditions* (1994)(Editor) Shimmy Shimmy Shimmy Like My Sister Kate: Looking at the Harlem Renaissance through Poems* (1995)[18](Editor) 100 Best African American Poems (2010)(Afterword) Continuum: New and Selected Poems by Mari Evans (2012)(Foreword) Heav'nly Tidings From the Afric Muse: The Grace and Genius of Phillis Wheatley by Richard Kigel (2017)(Foreword)(Featured Artist) Artemis 2017 (Academic Journal of southwest Virginia) (2017)(Foreword) Black Ink: Literary Legends on the Peril, Power, and Pleasure of Reading and Writing (2018)References [ edit ] ^ "Nikki Giovanni", Biography.com. ^ a b c d Jane M. Barstow, Yolanda Williams Page (eds), "Nikki Giovanni", Encyclopedia of African American Women Writers (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), p. 213. ^ a b Margaret D. Binnicker, "Yolande Cornelia 'Nikki' Giovanni", Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved October 17, 2014. ^ a b c Poetry Foundation Center Nikki Giovanni Biography ^ "Nikki Giovanni-The Real Deal", Dallas News. ^ a b c Giovanni, Nikki. "Chronology". Nikki Giovanni. Archived from the original on 2019-03-05 . Retrieved 2018-02-11 . ^ a b "Nikki Giovanni facts, information, pictures". Encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2018-02-11 . ^ "Nikki Giovanni, University Distinguished Professor". Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013 . Retrieved December 16, 2013 . ^ "Virginia Tech's Nikki Giovanni Nominated for Spoken Word GRAMMY", Virginia Tech News. ^ "Virginia Women in History: Nikki Giovanni". Library of Virginia . Retrieved March 4, 2015 . ^ a b "Killer's manifesto: 'You forced me into a corner ' ". cnn.com . Retrieved April 25, 2016 . ^ a b c d Bowers, Mathew. "Virginia Tech professor Nikki Giovanni reflects on tragedy and deep horror". The Virginian-Pilot . Retrieved October 22, 2013 . ^ "Transcript of Nikki Giovanni's Convocation address". ^ Nikki Giovanni, "We Are Virginia Tech", The Tennessean, April 17, 2007. ^ Nikki Giovanni (April 17, 2007). "We Are Virginia Tech". Daily Kos. ^ Robin Bernstein, "Utopian Movements: Nikki Giovanni and the Convocation Following the Virginia Tech Massacre", African American Review 45.3 (2012): 341''353. ^ Clarke, Cheryl, "After Mecca": Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005. ^ a b c d e "Nikki Giovanni". Poetry Foundation. 2010. ^ Shockley, Evie, Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African- American Poetry. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2011. ^ "Nikki Giovanni - Spotlight - Interview", Ebony, December 2003. ^ "Poet, Tupac capture beauty beneath pain", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (April 5, 1997). ^ "Barnes and Noble, Meet the Authors audio". barnesandnoble.com . Retrieved January 31, 2019 . ^ a b c d Foundation, Poetry (January 30, 2019). "Nikki Giovanni". Poetry Foundation . Retrieved January 31, 2019 . ^ "Soul!: 1972-Miriam Makeba, Muhammad Ali, Nikki Giovanni, the Delfonics". bing.com. April 11, 2013 . Retrieved November 9, 2019 . ^ a b Bailey, Peter. "I am Black, Female, Polite". Nikki Giovanni and Virginia C. Fowler, Conversations with Nikki Giovanni, Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1992. 31''38. ^ a b Baldwin, James and Nikki Giovanni. "Excerpt from A Dialogue." Nikki Giovanni and Virginia C. Fowler, Conversations with Nikki Giovanni, Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1992. 70''79. ^ "Soul!: 1972-Miriam Makeba, Muhammad Ali, Nikki Giovanni, the Delfonics". bing.com. April 11, 2013 . Retrieved November 9, 2019 . ^ "Poetry, Fiction, and Drama - Poetry". aavw.org . Retrieved April 25, 2016 . ^ "Giovanni tells students to 'sail on'", University of Michigan's The University Record, January 25, 1999. ^ Interview with Bill Moyers, February 13, 2009. ^ Sara Kugler, "Nikki Giovanni reflects on 'Chasing Utopia,' and other struggles", Melissa Harris-Perry, MSNBC, December 16, 2013. ^ "Writer Nikki Giovanni", Tavis Smiley, PBS, November 18, 2013. ^ "Yes We Can, Yes We Can, Yes We Can!". All Things Considered. National Public Radio. January 16, 2009 . Retrieved February 19, 2009 . ^ Wheeler, Linda. "Washington's Official Lincoln Celebration To Begin Feb. 12". Washington Post . Retrieved February 19, 2009 . ^ https://www.uctv.tv, UCTV, University of California Television-. "Writer's Symposium By The Sea -". www.uctv.tv . Retrieved January 31, 2019 . ^ Noble, Barnes &. "A Good Cry: What We Learn From Tears and Laughter". Barnes & Noble . Retrieved January 31, 2019 . ^ TEDx Talks. "Why Not the Right Thing the First Time - Nikki Giovanni - TEDxHerndon" . Retrieved January 31, 2019 '' via YouTube. ^ "Nikki Giovanni". Black Writers of PA: In Pursuit of Social Justice, Recognizing Pennsylvania Black Artists. ^ "Awards, Honors, Citations". Howard University Library System. ^ "Nikki Giovanni". American Influences Wikispaces.com. Welcome to Crestwood's Honors English 9 Wiki Project!. ^ "Carter G. Woodson Book Award and Honor Winners". National Council for the Social Studies . Retrieved January 3, 2019 . ^ "Nikki Giovanni". (BPRW) 2017 AAMBC AWARDS WILL HONOR ACCLAIMED POET NIKKI GIOVANNI. External links [ edit ] Giovanni's websiteProfile at LavinWorks by or about Nikki Giovanni in libraries (WorldCat catalog)Profile and poems of Nikki Giovanni at the Poetry Foundation.Nikki Giovanni: Profile and Poems at Poets.orgGiovanni Discography at Smithsonian Folkways"Interview with poet Nikki Giovanni" for the WGBH series Say BrotherAppearances on C-SPANBooknotes interview with Giovanni on The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni: 1968-1998, February 8, 2004.Pin His Ear to the Wisdom Post Nikki Giovanni named the first Coretta Scott King Fellow, video, April 3, 2009"We are Virginia Tech" - convocation poem read by GiovanniMSNBC videoMP3 AudioAmy Goodman sits down with activist, poet and scholar Nikki Giovanni at Virginia Tech, October 3, 2012 on Democracy Now!Nikki Giovanni on 1 Year Since Newtown: Where is the Political Leadership on Gun Control?, December 16, 2013 on Democracy Now!Nikki Giovanni on Poetry, Grief and Her New Book, "Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid", December 16, 2013 on Democracy Now!General winners (1974''1988)
    • Rosa Parks by Eloise Greenfield (1974)Make a Joyful Noise Unto the Lord: The Life of Mahalia Jackson, Queen of the Gospel Singers by Jesse Jackson (1975)Dragonwings by Laurence Yep (1976)The Trouble They Seen by Dorothy Sterling (1977)The Biography of Daniel Inouye by Jan Goodsell (1978)Native American Testimony: An Anthology of Indian and White Relations edited by Peter Nabokov (1979)War Cry on a Prayer Feather: Prose and Poetry of the Ute by Nancy Wood (1980)The Chinese Americans by Milton Meltzer (1981)Coming to North America from Mexico, Cuba and Puerto Rico by Susan Carver and Paula McGuire (1982)Morning Star, Black Sun by Brent Ashabranner (1983)Mexico and the United States by E.B. Fincher (1984)To Live in Two Worlds: American Indian Youth Today by Brent Ashabranner (1985)Dark Harvest: Migrant Farmworkers in America by Brent Ashabranner (1986)Happily May I Walk by Arlene Hirschfelder (1987)Black Music in America: A History Through Its People by James Haskins (1988)Secondary level winners (grades 7''12, since 1989)
    • Marian Anderson by Charles Patterson (1989)Paul Robeson by Rebecca Larsen (1990)Sorrow's Kitchen: The Life and Folklore of Zora Neal Hurston by Mary E. Lyons (1991)Native American Doctor: The Story of Susan LaFlesche Picotte by Jeri Ferris (1992)Mississippi Challenge by Mildred Pitts Walter (1993)The March on Washington by James Haskins (1994)Till Victory is Won: Black Soldiers in the Civil War by Zak Mettger (1995)A Fence Away from Freedom: Japanese Americans and World War II by Ellen Levine (1996)The Harlem Renaissance by Jim Haskins (1997)Langston Hughes by Milton Meltzer (1998)Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble by Rinna Evelyn Wolfe (1999)Princess Ka'iulani: Hope of a Nation, Heart of a People by Sharon Linnea (2000)Tatan'ka Iyota'ke: Sitting Bull and His World by Albert Marrin (2001)Multiethnic Teens and Cultural Identity by Barbara C. Cruz (2002)The "Mississippi Burning" Civil Rights Murder Conspiracy Trial: a Headline Court Case by Harvey Fireside (2003)Early Black Reformers by James Tackach (2004)The Civil Rights Act of 1964 edited by Robert H. Mayer (2005)No Easy Answers: Bayard Rustin and the Civil Rights Movement by Calvin Craig Miller (2006)Dear Miss Breed: True Stories of the Japanese-American Incarceration During World War II and a Librarian Who Made a Difference by Joanne Oppenheim (2007)Don't Throw Away Your Stick Till You Cross the River: The Journey of an Ordinary Man by Vincent Collin Beach with Anni Beach (2008)Reaching Out by Francisco Jim(C)nez (2009)Denied, Detained, Deported: Stories From the Dark Side of American Immigration by Ann Bausum (2010)An Unspeakable Crime: The Prosecution and Persecution of Leo Frank by Elaine M. Alphin (2011)Black and White: The Confrontation between Reverend Fred L. Shuttlesworth and Eugene ''Bull'' Connors by Larry Dane Brimner (2012)Stolen into Slavery the True Story of Solomon Northup, Free Black Man by Judith Fradin and Dennis Fradin (2013)(none in 2014)The Port Chicago 50: Disaster, Mutiny, and the Fight for Civil Rights by Steve Sheinkin (2015)Passenger on the Pearl: The True Story of Emily Edmonson's Flight from Slavery by Winifred Conkling (2016)March (Trilogy) by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin and Nate Powell (2017)Twelve Days in May'--Freedom Ride 1961 by Larry Dane Brimner (2018)A Few Red Drops: The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 by Claire Hartfield (2019)Middle level winners (grades 5''8, since 2001)
    • Let it Shine: Stories of Black Women Freedom Fighters by Andrea Davis Pinkney (2001)Prince Estabrook: Slave and Soldier by Alice Hinkel (2002)Remembering Manzanar: Life in a Japanese Relocation Camp by Michael L. Cooper (2003)In America's Shadow by Kimberly Komatsu and Kaleigh Komatsu (2004)The Voice that Challenged a Nation: Marian Anderson and the Struggle for Equal Rights by Russell Freedman (2005)C(C)sar Chvez: A Voice for Farmworkers by Brbara Cruz (2006)Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott by Russell Freedman (2007)Black and White Airmen: Their True History by John Fleischman (2008)Drama of African-American History: The Rise of Jim Crow by James Haskins and Kathleen Benson with Virginia Schomp (2009)Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice by Phillip Hoose (2010)(none in 2011)Music Was It: Young Leonard Bernstein by Susan Goldman Rubin (2012)Marching to the Mountaintop: How Poverty, Labor Fights, and Civil Rights Set the Stage for Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Final Hours by Ann Bausum (2013)Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln and the Dawn of Liberty by Tonya Bolden (2014)The Girl from the Tar Paper School: Barbara Rose Johns and the Advent of the Civil Rights Movement by Teri Kanefield (2015)(none in 2016)(none in 2017)Fighting for Justice'--Fred Korematsu Speaks Up by Laura Atkins and Stan Yogi (2018)America Border Culture Dreamer: The Young Immigrant Experience From A to Z by Wendy Ewald (2019)Elementary level winners (grades K''6, since 1989)
    • Walking the Road to Freedom by Jeri Ferris (1989)In Two Worlds: A Yup'ik Eskimo Family by Aylette Jenness and Alice Rivers (1990)Shirley Chisolm by Catherine Scheader (1991)The Last Princess: The Story of Princess Ka'iulani of Hawai'i by Fay Stanley (1992)Madam C.J. Walker by Patricia and Fredrick McKissack (1993)Starting Home: The Story of Horace Pippin, Painter by Mary E. Lyons (1994)What I Had Was Singing: The Story of Marian Anderson by Jeri Ferris (1995)Songs from the Loom: A Navajo Girl Learns to Weave by Monty Roessel (1996)Ramadan by Suhaib Hamid Ghazi (1997)Leon's Story by Leon Walter Tillage (1998)Story Painter: The Life of Jacob Lawrence by John Duggleby (1999)Through My Eyes by Ruby Bridges (2000)The Sound that Jazz Makes by Carole Boston Weatherford (2001)Coming Home: A Story of Josh Gibson, Baseball's Greatest Home Run Hitter by Nanette Mellage (2002)Cesar Chavez: The Struggle for Justice / Cesar Chavez: La lucha por la justicia by Richard Griswold del Castillo (2003)Sacagawea by Liselotte Erdrich (2004)Jim Thorpe's Bright Path by Joseph Bruchac (2005)Let Them Play by Margot Theis Raven (2006)John Lewis in the Lead: A Story of the Civil Rights Movement by Jim Haskins and Kathleen Benson (2007)Louis Sockalexis: Native American Baseball Pioneer by Bill Wise (2008)Lincoln and Douglass: An American Friendship by Nikki Giovanni (2009)Shining Star: The Anna May Wong Story by Paula Yoo (2010)Sit In: How Four Friends Stood Up By Sitting Down by Andrea Davis Pinkney (2011)Red Bird Sings: The Story of Zitkala-Å a, Native American Author, Musician, and Activist adapted by Gina Capaldi and Q. L. Pearce (2012)Fifty Cents and a Dream: Young Booker T. Washington by Jabari Asim (2013)Hey Charleston!: The True Story of the Jenkins Orphanage Band by Anne Rockwell (2014)Separate Is Never Equal: Sylvia Mendez and Her Family's Fight for Desegregation by Duncan Tonatiuh (2015)Poet: The Remarkable Story of George Moses Horton by Don Tate; The Amazing Age of John Roy Lynch by Chris Barton (2016)Mountain Chef: How One Man Lost His Groceries, Changed His Plans, and Helped Cook Up the National Park Service by Annette Bay Pimentel (2017)The Youngest Marcher'--The Story of Audrey Faye Hendricks, a Young Civil Rights Activist by Cynthia Levinson (2018)The Vast Wonder of the World: Biologist Ernest Everett Just by M(C)lina Mangal (2019)
  • William Lynch speech - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:45
    •  
    • The William Lynch speech is an address purportedly delivered by a certain William Lynch (or Willie Lynch) to an audience on the bank of the James River in Virginia in 1712 regarding control of slaves within the colony.[1] The letter purports to be a verbatim account of a short speech given by a slave owner, in which he tells other slave masters that he has discovered the "secret" to controlling black slaves by setting them against one another. The document has been in print since at least 1970, but first gained widespread notice in the 1990s, when it appeared on the Internet.[2] Since then, it has often been promoted as an authentic account of slavery during the 18th century, though its inaccuracies and anachronisms have led historians to conclude that it is a hoax.[2][3]
    • Text [ edit ] The reputed author, William Lynch, identifies himself as the master of a "modest plantation" in the British West Indies who has been summoned to the Virginia Colony by local slaveowners to advise them on problems they have been having in managing their slaves.
    • He briefly notes that their current violent method of handling unruly slaves '' lynching, though the term is not used '' is inefficient and counterproductive. Instead, he suggests that they adopt his method, which consists of exploiting differences such as age and skin color in order to pit slaves against each other. This method, he assures his hosts, will "control the slaves for at least three hundred [sic] years."[1] Some online versions of the text attach introductions, such as a foreword attributed to Frederick Douglass, or citations falsely giving Lynch's name as the source of the word "lynching".[2]
    • The text of the speech has been published since at least 1970.[2] It appeared on the Internet as early as 1993, when a reference librarian at the University of Missouri''St. Louis posted the document on the library's Gopher server.[4] The librarian later revealed that she had obtained the document from the publisher of a local annual business directory, The St. Louis Black Pages[5] in which the narrative had recently appeared.[4]
    • Though eventually convinced the document was a forgery, the librarian elected to leave it on the Gopher server, as she believed that "even as an inauthentic document, it says something about the former and current state of African America", but added a warning about its provenance.[4]
    • The text contains numerous anachronisms, including words and phrases such as "refueling" and "fool proof" which were not in use until the early 20th century,[3] while historian Roy Rosenzweig noted the divisions emphasized in the text '' skin color, age, and gender '' are distinctly 20th-century in nature, making little sense in an 18th-century context.[2]
    • As such, historians such as Rosenzweig and William Jelani Cobb of Spelman College regard the William Lynch speech as a hoax.[2][3]
    • William Lynch [ edit ] Forewords attached to some online versions of the speech credit the narrator's name as the source of the terms "lynching" and "Lynch law", despite the narrator specifically advocating against lynching.[1][3] A man named William Lynch did indeed claim to have originated the term during the American Revolutionary War, but he was born in 1742, thirty years after the alleged delivery of the speech.[6][7] A document published in the Southern Literary Messenger in 1836 that proposed William Lynch as the originator of "lynch law" may have been a hoax perpetrated by Edgar Allan Poe.[8] A better documented early use of the term "Lynch law" comes from Charles Lynch, a Virginia justice of the peace and militia officer during the American Revolution.[6]
    • Popular references [ edit ] Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan quoted the speech at the Million Man March in October 1995, making the speech better known in the process.[9] He later cited Willie Lynch's scheme as an obstacle to unite African Americans in his open letter regarding the Millions More Movement in 2005.[10] The speech was also quoted during the protests surrounding the 2001 presidential inauguration.[2] Denzel Washington's character quoted extensively from the speech in a scene from the 2007 movie, The Great Debaters. Hip-Hop artist Talib Kweli of the rap duo Black Star references the speech in the song "RE:DEFinition" from the album Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star.[11] Hip-Hop artist Xzibit refers to Willie Lynch in his 2012 song "Napalm" from his album Napalm: "Still suffer from the ideology of Willie Lynch." Hip-Hop artist Kendrick Lamar refers to Willie Lynch in his 2015 song off of his junior album To Pimp A Butterfly "Complexion (A Zulu Love)": "Let the Willie Lynch theory reverse a million times." Raekwon from the Hip-Hop group Wu-Tang Clan refers to Willie Lynch in the group's 2014 song, "A Better Tomorrow (2014)," off the album with the same title: "And that's the Willie Lynch tactics that separated the masses. Taught us all to think backwards."[12]The Queens rapper Nas said, "Willie Lynch is a myth" in his 2018 track "Not For Radio" off his 12th studio album Nasir. British rapper Durrty Goodz released a track called 'Willie Lynch Theory' in 2019.[13]
    • Notes [ edit ] ^ a b c Taylor, Anne Clester. "The Slave Consultant's Narrative: The life of an Urban Myth". Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. ^ a b c d e f g Rosenzweigh, Roy. "The Road to Xanadu: Public and Private Pathways on the History Web | The Journal of American History, 88.2 | The History Cooperative". chnm.gmu.edu. George Mason University . Retrieved 2 April 2019 . ^ a b c d Cobb, W. Jelani (2004). "Is Willie Lynch's Letter Real?" . Retrieved 27 December 2012 . ^ a b c Taylor, Anne Clester. "Email to Samuel Winslow and Lee Bailey about researching The Narrative". The Slave Consultant's Narrative: The life of an Urban Myth?. University of Missouri-St. Louis, Thomas Jefferson Library Reference Department. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08 . Retrieved June 21, 2008 . The publisher who gave me this wanted to remain anonymous on the gopher version because he couldn't trace it, either, and until now I've honored his wishes. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20070808191222/http://www.umsl.edu:80/services/library/blackstudies/winbail.htm ^ a b Brent Tarter. "Lynch, Charles". American National Biography Online, February 2000. ^ Stein, Jess, ed. (1988), The Random House College Dictionary (Revised ed.), New York: Random House, p. 800, ISBN 0-394-43500-1 ^ Christopher Waldrep, The Many Faces of Judge Lynch: Extralegal Violence and Punishment in America, Macmillan, 2002, p. 21. ^ Adams, Mike (1998-02-22). "Sometimes the truth can be found in myth, fiction -- even in a lie". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2011-06-19 . ^ Farrakhan, Louis. An appeal'.... The Official Site for the Millions More Movement. Accessed on October 12, 2005 ^ . [1].Black Star '' RE:DEFinition Lyrics | Genius Lyrics. Accessed on August 11, 2016 ^ Wu-Tang Clan (Ft Tekitha) '' A Better Tomorrow (2014) , retrieved 2018-05-18 ^ DURRTY GOODZ - BAR CODE #3 - WILLIE LYNCH THEORY , retrieved 2019-10-27 References [ edit ] Rosenzweig, Roy (September 2001). "The Road to Xanadu: Public and Private Pathways on the History Web". The Journal of American History. 88 (2): 548''579. doi:10.2307/2675105. External links [ edit ] Lynch LettersExamination of text's inaccuracies by William Jelani CobbDeath of Willie Lynch Speech (Part I) by Prof. Manu Ampim
  • Made in America (1993 film) - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Mon, 13 Jan 2020 22:34
    •  
    • Made in America is a 1993 American comedy film released on May 28, 1993 by Warner Bros. starring Whoopi Goldberg and Ted Danson, and featuring Nia Long, Jennifer Tilly and Will Smith. The film was directed by Richard Benjamin. It was shot in various locations in Oakland, California and at Oakland Technical High School.
    • A notable song on the soundtrack is "Colors of Love," written by Carole Bayer Sager, James Ingram and Bruce Roberts, and produced by David Foster, which alludes to the story line.
    • Plot [ edit ] Zora Matthews, whose mother Sarah conceived her with the aid of an anonymous sperm donor, discovers that her father is a white man named Hal Jackson. This comes as a major shock to Sarah, who had explicitly requested a black donor. On top of that, Jackson is a loud, self-promoting car salesman, which clashes with Sarah's intellectualism. The film revolves around Zora and her mother's rocky relationship with Jackson. Jackson eventually comes to love his daughter and her mother.
    • Cast [ edit ] Whoopi Goldberg as Sarah MathewsTed Danson as Hal JacksonNia Long as Zora MathewsWill Smith as Tea Cake WaltersJennifer Tilly as StacyPaul Rodriguez as JosePeggy Rea as AlbertaClyde Kusatsu as Bob TakashimaDavid Bowe as TeddyJeff Joseph as JamesShawn Levy as DwayneProduction [ edit ] The story did not originally specify black actors for any of the roles and was rewritten upon Goldberg's casting.[1]
    • Homage [ edit ] The character of Hal Jackson is based in part on the real life car dealership owner Cal Worthington. Hal's use of large circus animals in his car commercials are an homage to Cal's famous "My Dog Spot" ads, which were also filmed with live circus animals.
    • Soundtrack [ edit ] The soundtrack album was released on May 28, 1993.
    • Gloria Estefan '' "Go Away" (U.S. #103; UK #13)Keith Sweat and "Silk '' Does He Do It Good"Del Tha Funkee Homosapien '' "Made in America"Lisa Fischer '' "Colors of Love" (U.S. AC #18, R&B #24)S(C)rgio Mendes '' "What Is This?"Mark Isham '' "Made In Love"Laura Satterfield and Ephraim Lewis '' "I Know I Don't Walk on Water"DJ Jazzy Jeff and The Fresh Prince '' "Dance or Die"Deep Purple '' "Smoke on the Water"Ben E. King '' "If You Need a Miracle"Y.T. Style '' "Stand"Reception [ edit ] The film opened in theaters on May 28, 1993, and grossed over $12 million on its opening weekend.[2] It was released to over 2,000 theaters and grossed nearly $50 million in the U.S. alone. Worldwide, it earned over $100 million. This was television star and Grammy Award-winning rapper Will Smith's second supporting role in a movie and started his successful career as a major film actor.
    • Made in America earned mostly negative reviews from critics,[3] holding a 31% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 29 reviews. However, Roger Ebert praised Goldberg's acting in the film and said "This isn't a great movie, but it sure is a nice one."[4]
    • References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] Made in America on IMDbMade in America at Box Office MojoMade in America at Rotten Tomatoes

• Music in this episode
  • Intro: Positive K - I got a man (Instrumental)
  • Outro: Marlena Shaw - Go away little boy

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