• Moe Factz with Adam Curry for April 18th 2020, Episode number 33

• Sandbagged

• Download the mp3

• Executive Producer: Fernando DeLosReyes

• Associate Executive Producers:
  • Harvey Smith
  • James Lohmann
  • Daniel Mariano
  • Connor Lawrence
  • Judy Schwarz
  • Rent-a-Video

• Description
  • Adam and Moe investigate the possibility Bernie Sanders has always been controlled opposition

• ShowNotes
  • Urban Dictionary: ratchet
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:50
    •  
    • 1) a tool, such as a socket wrench
    • 2) (corruption of "wretched"), derogatory hip-hop slang for an unpopular, obese, average-looking, rude, closet poly, hip-hop person, usually a welfare client with children from multiple parents, substance abuse problems and a narcissistic personality disorder, hence the multiple partners and nightclub brawling. Often wears ill-fitting leggings, torn fishnet hose and a loose, matted
    • hair weave in a bright color. Extra income may come from multiple partners, begging and/or prostitution, due to hir poverty. Term is often hypocritically used by similar speakers. Warning! This term is a racial stereotype, sexist fat and
    • slut-shaming speech and may provoke ethnic violence from target.
    • 3) hip-hop slang for gun, knife, or assaulting someone. See meanings 1 and 2.
    • 4) Science fiction video game character from "
    • Ratchet & Clank" series
    • 5) Science fiction robot character from "Transformers" animated series.
    • 1) "Hand me
    • the ratchet from my
    • toolbox," said my father as he worked on his car.
    • 2) "That person is soooo ratchet, in that bad weave and tore-up
    • stockings!"
    • 3) "Let's ratchet that mutha#@%$," he said and pulled a 9-mm. ratchet on him.
    • Get a Ratchet mug for your brother-in-law Vivek.
  • Cardi B - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:45
    •  
    • American rapper
    • Belcalis Marlenis Almnzar (born October 11, 1992), known professionally as Cardi B, is an American rapper, songwriter, television personality and actress.[2] Born in Manhattan and raised in The Bronx, New York City, she became an internet celebrity after several of her posts and videos became popular on Vine and Instagram.[3] From 2015 to 2017, she appeared as a regular cast member on the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop: New York to follow her music aspirations, and released two mixtapes'--Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, before signing with label Atlantic Records in early 2017.
    • Cardi B has since earned three number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100; "Bodak Yellow" made her the second female rapper to top the chart with a solo output'--following Lauryn Hill in 1998, "I Like It" made her the only female rapper to attain multiple number-one songs on the chart, and her Maroon 5 collaboration "Girls Like You" made her the sixth female artist to achieve three number-one singles on the chart during the 2010s. Her debut studio album, Invasion of Privacy (2018), on which the former two songs are included, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, broke several streaming records and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA. Critically acclaimed, the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album, making Cardi B the only woman to win the award as a solo artist.
    • Recognized by Forbes as one of the most influential female rappers of all time, Cardi B is known for her aggressive flow and candid lyrics, which have received widespread media coverage. She is the highest-certified female rapper of all time on the RIAA's Top Artists (Digital Singles) ranking, as well as appearing among the ten highest-certified female artists, and having the top certified song by a female rap artist. Her accolades include a Grammy Award, seven Billboard Music Awards, five Guinness World Records, four American Music Awards, and eleven BET Hip Hop Awards. In 2018, Time included her on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.
    • Early life Belcalis Marlenis Almnzar was born on October 11, 1992, in Washington Heights, Manhattan.[citation needed ] She is the daughter of a Dominican father and Trinidadian and Spanish mother.[4][5][6] She was raised in the Highbridge neighborhood of the South Bronx,[7][8][9][10] and spent much time at her paternal grandmother's home in Washington Heights, which she credits with giving her "such a thick accent."[11] Almnzar developed the stage name "Cardi B" as a derivation of Bacardi, a rum brand that was formerly her nickname.[12] Cardi B has said she was a gang member of the Bloods in her youth, since the age of 16.[13][14] However, she has stated ever since that she would not encourage joining a gang.[15] She went on to attend Renaissance High School for Musical Theater & Technology, a vocational high school on the Herbert H. Lehman High School campus.[16]
    • During her teenage years, Cardi B was employed at an Amish Market in Tribeca.[17] She then began stripping at the age of 19.[18][19] Upon being fired from the supermarket, her former manager recommended she work at a strip club. Cardi B has said that becoming a stripper was positive for her life in many ways: "It really saved me from a lot of things. When I started stripping I went back to school."[20][21][22] She has stated that she became a stripper in order to escape poverty and domestic violence, having been in an abusive relationship at the time after being kicked out her mother's house,[23][24] and that stripping was her only way to earn enough money to escape her dire situation and get an education.[25] She attended Borough of Manhattan Community College[26] before eventually dropping out.[27] While stripping, Cardi B lied to her mother by telling her she was making money babysitting.[28]
    • In 2013, Cardi B began to gain publicity due to several of her videos spreading virally on social media, on Vine and her official Instagram page.[3]
    • Career 2015''2016: Career beginnings In 2015, Cardi B joined the cast of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop: New York, debuting in season six.[29] Jezebel considered her the breakout star of the show's sixth season.[30] The sixth and seventh seasons chronicle her rise to stardom and her turbulent relationship with her incarcerated fianc(C). On December 30, 2016, after two seasons, she announced that she would be leaving the show to further pursue a career in music.[31]
    • In November 2015, Cardi B made her musical debut on Jamaican reggae fusion singer Shaggy's remix to his single "Boom Boom", alongside fellow Jamaican dancehall singer Popcaan.[32] She made her music video debut on December 15, 2015, with the song "Cheap Ass Weave", her rendition of English rapper Lady Leshurr's "Queen's Speech 4".[33][34] On March 7, 2016, Cardi B released her first full-length project, a mixtape titled Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 1.[35][36] In November 2016, she was featured on the digital cover of Vibe magazine ' s "Viva" issue.[37][38] On September 12, 2016, KSR Group released the compilation Underestimated: The Album, which is a collaboration between KSR Group artists Cardi B, HoodCelebrityy, SwiftOnDemand, Cashflow Harlem, and Josh X. It was previously released only to attendees of their U.S. tour. KSR Group's flagship artist Cardi B said "I wanted to make a song that would make girls dance, twerk and at the same time encourage them to go get that Shmoney," in regard to the compilation's single "What a Girl Likes".[39]
    • Cardi B in a radio interview in 2016
    • She appeared on the December 9, 2015 episode of Uncommon Sense with Charlamagne.[40] On April 6, 2016, she was on the twelfth episode of Khlo(C) Kardashian's Kocktails with Khlo(C): In it, she revealed how she told her mother that she was a stripper.[41][42] In November 2016, it was announced that she would be joining the cast of the BET series Being Mary Jane. TVLine describes her character, Mercedes, as a "round-the-way beauty with a big weave, big boobs and a big booty to match her oversize, ratchet personality."[43][44][45]
    • In 2016, Cardi B was featured in her first endorsement deal with Romantic Depot, a large New York chain of lingerie stores that sell sexual health and wellness products. The ad campaign was featured on radio and cable TV and Billboard took note. This cable TV Commercial was recognized as the most famous cable TV commercial in the history of NYC. This was also noted by the NY Post in a feature article about ''Cardi B's meteoric rise from stripper to superstar'' in April 2018.[46][47]
    • 2017''2018: Breakthrough and Invasion of Privacy On January 20, 2017, Cardi B released her second mixtape, Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 2.[48][49] In February 2017, Cardi B partnered with MAC Cosmetics and Rio Uribe's Gypsy Sport for an event for New York Fashion Week.[50] In late February, it was reported that Cardi B signed her first major record label recording contract with Atlantic Records.[51][52] On February 25, 2017, Cardi B was the opening act for East Coast hip hop group The Lox's Filthy America... It's Beautiful Tour, alongside fellow New York City-based rappers Lil' Kim and Remy Ma.[53][54] In April 2017, she was featured in i-D's "A-Z of Music" video sponsored by Marc Jacobs.[55] Cardi also guest-starred on the celebrity panel show Hip Hop Squares, appearing on the March 13 and April 3, 2017 episodes.[56][57]
    • In May 2017, the nominees for the 2017 BET Awards were announced, revealing that Cardi B had been nominated for Best New Artist and Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, tying with DJ Khaled and Kendrick Lamar for the most nominations with nine.[58][59] Although she failed to win any awards, losing to Chance the Rapper and Remy Ma, respectively, Cardi B performed at the BET Awards Afterparty show.[60][61] On June 11, 2017, during Hot 97's annual Summer Jam music festival, Remy Ma brought out Cardi B, along with The Lady of Rage, MC Lyte, Young M.A, Monie Love, Lil' Kim and Queen Latifah, to celebrate female rappers and perform Latifah's 1993 hit single "U.N.I.T.Y." about female empowerment.[62][63] In June 2017, it was revealed that Cardi B would be on the cover of The Fader ' s Summer Music issue for July/August 2017.[64] She performed at MoMA PS1 on August 19 to a crowd of 4,000.[65]
    • On June 16, 2017, Atlantic Records released Cardi B's commercial debut single, "Bodak Yellow", via digital distribution.[66][67] She performed the single on The Wendy Williams Show[68] and Jimmy Kimmel Live![69] The song climbed the charts for several months, and, on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated September 25, 2017, "Bodak Yellow" reached the number one spot, making Cardi B the first female rapper to do so with a solo single since Lauryn Hill's "Doo Wop (That Thing)" debuted atop the chart in 1998.[70] The song stayed atop the charts for three consecutive weeks, tying with American pop singer Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" as the longest running female at the number one spot in 2017.[71][72] Cardi B became the first person of Dominican descent to reach number one in the history of the Hot 100 since it was launched in 1958.[73] An editor of The New York Times called it "the rap anthem of the summer".[65] "Bodak Yellow" was eventually certified nonuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song received nominations for Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song at the 60th Grammy Awards.[74] It won Single of the Year at the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards.[75]
    • With her collaborations "No Limit" and "MotorSport", she became the first female rapper to land her first three entries in the top 10 of the Hot 100,[76] and the first female artist to achieve the same on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[77] In October 2017, Cardi B headlined Power 105.1's annual Powerhouse music celebration, alongside The Weeknd, Migos, and Lil Uzi Vert, at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.[78] In December, she released two songs: a collaboration with Puerto Rican singer Ozuna titled "La Modelo",[79] and "Bartier Cardi", the second single from her debut album.[80]
    • On January 3, 2018, Cardi B was featured on Bruno Mars' remix version of "Finesse",[81] and also appeared in the 90s inspired video. On January 18, 2018, Cardi B became the first woman to have five top 10 singles simultaneously on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[82] She released another single, "Be Careful", on March 30, 2018, a week before her album's release.[83]
    • Cardi B performing in 2018
    • Her debut studio album, Invasion of Privacy, was released on April 6, 2018, to universal acclaim from music critics.[84][85] Editors from Variety and The New York Times called it "one of the most powerful debuts of this millennium" and "a hip-hop album that doesn't sound like any of its temporal peers," respectively.[86][87] The album entered at number one in the United States, while she became the first female artist to chart 13 entries simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100, on the chart issue dated April 21.[88] It also became the most streamed album by a female artist in a single week in Apple Music,[89] and the largest on-demand audio streaming week ever for an album by a woman[90] (a record broken in 2019 by Ariana Grande's album Thank U, Next).[91] The album's title reflects Cardi B's feeling that as she gained popularity her privacy was being invaded in a variety of ways.[17] Following the album's release, during a performance on Saturday Night Live, Cardi B officially announced her pregnancy, after much media speculation.[92] She also co-hosted an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.[93]
    • Several months later, in July 2018, the album's fourth single, "I Like It", which features vocals from Bad Bunny and J Balvin, reached number one on the Hot 100; this marked her second number one on the chart and made her the first female rapper to achieve multiple chart-toppers.[94] Her collaboration with Maroon 5, "Girls Like You," also reached number one the Hot 100 chart, extending her record among female rappers[95] and also making her the sixth female artist to achieve three number-one singles on the chart during the 2010s[96] The song's music video has received more than 2.4 billion views on YouTube, making it the most viewed video of 2018,[97] and was the fifth-best selling song of the year globally.[98] With "Girls Like You" following "I Like It" at the top of the Billboard Radio Songs chart, Cardi B became the first female rapper to ever replace herself at number one on that chart.[99] The single spent seven weeks atop the Hot 100, making Cardi the female rapper with most cumulative weeks atop the chart, with eleven weeks.[100][101] It spent 33 weeks in the top 10, tying both Ed Sheeran's "Shape of You" and Post Malone and Swae Lee's "Sunflower" for the longest top 10 run in the chart's archives.[102][103] In October 2018, Invasion of Privacy was certified double platinum by the RIAA. With the thirteen tracks, she became the first female artist to have all songs from an album certified gold or higher in the US.[104]
    • Cardi B received the most nominations for the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards with 12 mentions, winning three awards.[105] She also tied with Drake for the most nominations at the 2018 American Music Awards. She won three AMAs and performed at the ceremony.[106][107] Her single "Money" and her collaboration with DJ Snake "Taki Taki" entered the top 20 on the Hot 100.[101] "Taki Taki" topped the charts in a number of Hispanic countries and has garnered more than 1 billion views. People en Espa±ol named her Star of the Year.[108] Entertainment Weekly deemed her "a pop culture phenomenon", as she was named one of "2018 Entertainers of the Year."[109] On November 30, 2018, Cardi B was honored at Ebony ' s annual Power 100 Gala.[110] Cardi ranked fifth on the 2018 Billboard Year-End Top Artists chart, while Invasion of Privacy ranked sixth. She also topped streaming services' rankings, including Apple Music (the most-streamed album of the year by a female artist globally)[111] and Spotify (the most streamed female artist of the year in the United States).[112] Editorial staff from Apple Music and Billboard named "I Like It" the best song of 2018,[113][114] while Time magazine and Rolling Stone named Invasion of Privacy the best album of the year.[115][116] Also in 2018, Time included her on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.[117]
    • 2019''present: Hustlers and Rhythm + Flow Cardi B performing in July 2019
    • Cardi B received five nominations at the 61st Grammy Awards, including for Album of the Year, Best Rap Album and Record of the Year ("I Like It").[118] She became the third female rapper to be nominated for Album of the Year, following Lauryn Hill (1999) and Missy Elliott (2004).[119] On February 10, 2019, she then performed at the award ceremony, where she wore three vintages Thierry Mugler couture looks during the telecast and became the first female rapper to win Best Rap Album as a solo artist.[120] As for a different honor event, Cardi B also led the 2019 Billboard Music Awards nominations, with 21, the most nominations in a single year ever by a woman and the third most nominations in a year ever (behind Drake and The Chainsmokers, who both had 22 in a year).[121] She ended up winning six awards, including for Top Hot 100 Song, bringing her career total wins to seven'--the most of any female rapper in history.[122]
    • On February 15, 2019, Cardi B released "Please Me", a collaboration with Bruno Mars, which became her seventh top-ten song on the Hot 100, reaching number three.[123] The song marks Cardi's and Bruno's second collaboration, following "Finesse" in 2018. The official music video was released two weeks later on March 1.[124] On March 1, Cardi set a new attendance record at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, with 75,580 fans in the audience.[125] With "Backin' It Up", "Twerk" and "Money", Cardi became the first female artist to occupy the top three on the Billboard Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop airplay chart.[126] On May 27, 2019, Cardi B tweeted that her new single titled "Press" and its cover will be released on May 31, 2019.[127] The music video was released on June 26, 2019.[128] It had its debut performance at the BET Awards 2019.[129]
    • Cardi B made her film debut in Hustlers directed by Lorene Scafaria, opposite Jennifer Lopez, Constance Wu, and Lili Reinhart.[130] The film was released on September 13, 2019 to critical acclaim.[131] Cardi B, along with Chance the Rapper and T.I., were confirmed as judges for the Netflix series Rhythm + Flow, a ten-part hip-hop talent search that premiered on October 9, 2019.[132][133] She will next appear in F9, which is set to be released on April 2, 2021, by Universal Pictures.[134] In September, 2019, Cardi B became the highest-certified female rapper of all time on the RIAA's Top Artists (Digital Singles) ranking, with 31.5 million certified units, also being the ninth highest-certified female artist overall.[135] Forbes has recognized her as one of the most influential female rappers of all time.[136] In December 2019, Cardi B embarked on her first tour of Africa, performing in Nigeria and Ghana.[137] In March 2020, Cardi B createda reaction video about the Coronavirus pandemic. DJ iMarkkeyz, a Brooklyn DJ known for turning memes and online moments into full-length songs, created a track, based on her reaction titled "Coronavirus", which became an internet meme and was released to music platforms.[138]
    • Artistry Influences In Billboard ' s "You Should Know" series, Cardi B said the first albums she ever purchased were by American entertainers Missy Elliott and Tweet, respectively.[11] She has credited Puerto Rican rapper Ivy Queen[139] and Jamaican dance hall artist Spice[140] as influences as well. Cardi B is inspired by Madonna, to whom she has referred as her "idol".[17] Cardi B has also indicated that other influences include Lady Gaga,[141] Lil' Kim,[142] and Selena.[143]
    • When asked about the initial direction for her music, Cardi B said in an interview, "When I first started rapping [...] I liked certain songs from Khia and Trina, and they [were] fighting songs. I haven't heard fighting songs for a very long time," crediting the two female rappers for her aggressive rap style. She continued, saying "a lot of girls they cannot afford red bottoms, a lot of girls they cannot afford foreign cars [...] but I know that every girl has beef with a girl [...] I know that every bitch don't like some bitch, and it's like 'that's what I wanna rap about.'"[144][145] She also credits growing up in the South Bronx and real life experiences as influences for her songwriting; "I wouldn't be able to rap about the things that I rap about now [if I hadn't grown up there]."[17]
    • Musical style Her first studio album, Invasion of Privacy, is primarily a hip hop record, which comprises elements of trap, Latin music, and R&B.[87][146] Consequence of Sound described her flow as "acrobatic and nimble."[147] AllMusic editor David Jeffries called Cardi B "a raw and aggressive rapper in the style of Lil' Kim and Foxy Brown."[5] Stereogum called her voice "a full-bodied New Yawk nasal bleat, the sort of thing that you've heard if someone has ever told you that you stupid for taking too long at swiping your MetroCard." They continued to call her voice "an unabashedly loud and sexual fuck-you New York honk'--that translates perfectly to rap."[148] In a 2017 Complex article about her, the editor wrote "unapologetic does not begin to describe the totally unfiltered and sheer Cardi B-ness of Cardi B's personality. She's a hood chick who's not afraid to be hood no matter the setting. Cardi B is Cardi B 24/7, 365, this is why she resonates with people, and that same energy comes out in her music."[149] Her flow has been described as aggressive.[150][151]
    • Other ventures In February 2017, she partnered with M.A.C and Rio Uribe's Gypsy Sport for an event for New York Fashion Week.[50] During an April 2017 interview with HotNewHipHop, Cardi B spoke on being rejected by fashion designers.[152] Her April appearance in i-D ' s "A-Z of Music" video was sponsored by designer Marc Jacobs,[55] and she made the cover of The Fader ' s July/August 2017 Summer Music issue.[68] Tom Ford's Cardi B-inspired lipstick, and named after her, was released in September 2018. It sold out within 24 hours.[153] In November, she partnered with Reebok, promoting the brand's Aztrek sneaker.[154] The same month she released a clothing line collection with Fashion Nova.[155]
    • Cardi B teamed up with Pepsi for two television commercials, which aired during the Super Bowl LIII and the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.[156] In early 2019, Cardi also joined other hip hop artists (including her husband Offset, as part of Migos) in releasing her flavors of popular snack food Rap Snacks. Her flavors include Cheddar BBQ and Jerk BBQ chips, as well as Honey Drip Butter and Habanero Hot Cheese popcorn. The bags were designed by Jai Manselle with artwork inspired by the cover of "Invasion of Privacy.".[157]
    • Public image Cardi B identifies as a feminist.[158][159] The New York Times wrote "on Love & Hip Hop: New York some viewers saw her as a hero of female empowerment, as she made pronouncements such as "Ever since I started using guys, I feel so much better about myself. I feel so damn powerful."[160]
    • Political statements Cardi B has been called "unabashedly, directly political"[15] and often uses social media to advocate for causes she believes in, such as gun control.[161] During the 2016 presidential primaries, she warned her fans of Donald Trump's immigration policies and encouraged them to vote for Senator Bernie Sanders.[162][163] At the Grammy Awards in 2018, she appeared in a video along with Hillary Clinton to narrate a portion of Fire and Fury, Michael Wolff's insider's account of Trump's administration, and stated "Why am I even reading this shit? I can't believe this. I can't believe'--this is how he really lives his life?"[164] Cardi B endorsed Sanders once again in his second bid for the presidency in the 2020 United States presidential election, while praising U.S. Representative Tim Ryan.[165] She also stated that one of the reasons for her endorsement is Sanders' long-time involvement in supporting underprivileged minorities and "people getting Medicare because he knows they can't afford it,"[166] while Politico website argued that she "might be one of Bernie's most powerful 2020 allies."[167]
    • She has praised President Franklin D. Roosevelt for advocating for the Social Security program and the New Deal project in general[168] and has noted her admiration for his wife Eleanor Roosevelt's humanitarianism and advocacy for African-Americans.[169] She said of Franklin D. Roosevelt, "he helped us get over the Depression, all while he was in a wheelchair. Like, this man was suffering from polio at the time of his presidency, and yet all he was worried about was trying to make America great'--make America great again for real. He's the real 'Make America Great Again,' because if it wasn't for him, old people wouldn't even get Social Security."[170] Sanders himself has praised Cardi B for her "leading role" in calling attention to Social Security.[171] During the 2018''19 United States federal government shutdown she released a video on Instagram, where she said "our country is a hellhole right now".[172]
    • Controversies Cardi B caused significant controversy after throwing one of her shoes at, and attempting to physically fight, Nicki Minaj at an after-party hosted by Harper's Bazaar during New York Fashion Week 2018.[173] She later stated that Minaj had previously "liked" comments made by other users on social media, who spoke negatively about Cardi B's abilities to take care of her newly born daughter.[174] Minaj denied the accusations.[175][176]
    • After the release of "Girls", a collaboration with Rita Ora, Bebe Rexha, and Charli XCX, in May 2018, Cardi B responded to the accusations of the song trivializing and sexualizing LGBT relationships. She stated on Twitter, "We never try to cause harm or had bad intentions with the song." Cardi B then went on to say, "I personally myself had experiences with other women."[177]
    • In March 2019, a live-stream from Instagram resurfaced from 2016 featuring Cardi B stating she had drugged and robbed men who willingly came with her to hotel rooms for sex.[178] The video was condemned on social media but she defended her behavior, saying it was necessary at the time for her to survive.[179][180]
    • Legal issues On October 1, 2018, Cardi B agreed to meet with investigators at a Queens police station, in connection with an alleged attack she ordered on two bartenders. Cardi B's denied involvement through her attorney.[181] She was charged with two misdemeanors: assault and reckless endangerment.[182] Cardi B appeared in court for her arraignment on December 7, 2018, after she failed to show up for the originally scheduled date due to a scheduling conflict, according to her attorney. She was ordered by the judge to avoid having any contact with the two bartenders. She was released by the judge despite prosecutors requesting bail to be set at $2,500.[183][184] On June 21, 2019, a jury indicted Cardi B on 14 charges, including two counts of felony assault with intent to cause serious physical injury, stemming from the incident.[185][186] She was arraigned on June 25, 2019 and pleaded not guilty on all charges.[187]
    • Fashion Cardi has a noted affinity for Christian Louboutin heels, a running theme in her song "Bodak Yellow".[65] She has also mentioned her affinity for cheap, fast fashion brands stating "I don't care if it cost $20 or $15. If it looks good on me, it looks good on me".[188] In November 2018 she released a clothing line collection with Fashion Nova.[155] Cardi wore vintage Thierry Mugler to the 2018 Grammy Awards.
    • In 2019, the Council of Fashion Designers of America included her on their list of "28 Black Fashion Forces".[189] In 2019, she became the first female rapper in the United States to appear on the cover of Vogue, the shoot, which was photographed by Annie Leibovitz, features her in a red and white Michael Kors dress and matching red Jimmy Choo shoes, the rapper is holding her daughter, Kulture.[190]
    • Achievements Cardi B is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Grammy Award, seven Billboard Music Awards, five Guinness World Records, four American Music Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, four BET Awards, and eleven BET Hip Hop Awards. Time included her on their annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2018.[117] She received the award for ASCAP Songwriter of the Year in 2019.[191] Cardi B is the female rapper with the most Billboard Hot 100 number one singles.[94] "Bodak Yellow"'--certified nonuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)'--became the highest-certified single by a female rapper.[192] "I Like It" became the first song led by a female rapper to surpass a billion streams on Spotify, also making her the first woman in hip hop with a pair of billion-streamers on the service, the other being "Girls Like You".[193] Invasion of Privacy was the top female rap album of the 2010s, according to the Billboard 200 decade-end chart.[194] It also became the longest-charting debut album by a female rapper on the Billboard 200,[195] and the most-streamed album by a female rapper on Spotify.[195] Invasion of Privacy became the first female rap album in fifteen years to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year.[119] The Guardian interpreted Cardi becoming the first female rapper to win the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album as a solo artist'--along with wins from Childish Gambino and Lady Gaga at the 61st ceremony'--as a "triumph" for hip-hop and female artists.[196] Rolling Stone and Billboard ranked her debut album number 13 and 34 on their critics' lists of best albums of the 2010s, the highest rank for a female rapper each in the decade.[197][198]
    • Influence Multiple publications, including The Hollywood Reporter, Billboard and Entertainment Weekly, have called her "Hip-hop's reigning queen" since the release of Invasion of Privacy.[132][199][200][201][202] An article from Uproxx noted Cardi B for promoting up-and-coming female rappers; "[she is] choosing to use her position at the height of stardom to open doors for other women to flourish in hip-hop at a greater level than any since the Golden Era and "Ladies First." This is something of a departure from tradition; for the decade previous to Cardi's precipitous come-up, it seemed hip-hop had an unspoken, Highlander-esque rule in place regarding women."[203] The New Yorker also credited her for "changing a genre that has rarely allowed for more than one female superstar at a time."[204] Billboard editors stated that with "Bodak Yellow"'s commercial success, "she left an indelible mark on the summer of 2017, not only because she rewrote history, but she gave hope to the have nots...".[205] "I Like It" became the first Latin trap song to reach number one on the Hot 100, which reflected "the times, the moment and the new openness of the world" towards Spanish-infused music in streaming services according to the magazine.[206]
    • NPR defined "Cardi B effect" as "a branding power rooted in specific authenticity, created and permeated by rapper Cardi B" and noticed that with her breakthrough, "brands finally started to become hip to the Cardi B effect, noticing the cultural markers outside of the rap world that were proving it wasn't limited to clubs, concerts and radio."[207] Business magazine Inc. stated that her success "shows how social media changed everything we knew about traditional marketing and media", which no longer relies on a "well-thought marketing scheme or millions of dollars in advertising."[208] Articles by Vogue and The Telegraph have referred to her as a "fashion icon for our times."[209][210] In 2019, she was among the inductees to Spotify's RapCaviar "Pantheon", with a life-sized sculpture that was on display at the Brooklyn Museum.[211]
    • Personal life Cardi B is Catholic;[212] she has mentioned her "strong relationship" with God in interviews, often saying that she directly communicates with God.[213][214][215][216]
    • As of early 2017, Cardi B began publicly dating fellow American rapper Offset, of the southern hip hop group Migos.[65] When speaking on her relationship with Offset, Cardi B told The Fader, "It's been a blessing, me meeting him and meeting his friends. I see how hard they work. And that motivated me to work even harder. And I see how good things are going for them and how popping it is to be number one. And I'm like, I want that. A lot of people just see they jewelry and they money, but I don't think a lot of people see how hard they work for that shit every single day."[3] Cardi B and Offset became engaged on October 27, after Offset proposed to Cardi B at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, during the Power 99 Powerhouse concert.[217] On April 7, 2018, Cardi B revealed that she was pregnant with Offset's child on Saturday Night Live.[218] On June 25, 2018, TMZ found a marriage license revealing Cardi B and Offset had secretly married in September 2017 privately in their bedroom. Cardi B later went on to confirm this revelation in a social media post.[219] In July 2018, Cardi B gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Kulture Kiari Cephus.[220] In December 2018 she announced on Instagram that she and Offset had broken up.[221] In February 2019, the couple made a public appearance for the Grammys.[222] They accepted the award for Best Rap Album together.[223]
    • Cardi B's younger sister, Hennessy Carolina, also has a strong following on social media and has accompanied her to award shows, such as the 2017 Grammy Awards.[224]
    • In an interview in 2018, Cardi talked about being Afro-Latina and Afro-Caribbean:
    • We are Caribbean people [...] Some people want to decide if you're black or not, depending on your skin complexion, because they don't understand Caribbean people or our culture. I feel like people need to understand or get a passport and travel. I don't got to tell you that I'm black. I expect you to know about it. When my father taught me about Caribbean countries, he told me that these Europeans took over our lands. That's why we all speak different languages [...] Just like everybody else, we came over here the same way. I hate when people try to take my roots from me. Because we know that there's African roots inside of us...[225]
    • She has been a resident of Edgewater, New Jersey, renting an apartment for $3,000 a month that she says would be twice as much in Manhattan for an equivalently sized unit.[226][227]
    • Cardi has opened up about the #MeToo movement and being sexually assaulted.[228][229][230][231]
    • Discography Studio albums
    • Invasion of Privacy (2018)Filmography TelevisionYearTitleRoleNotes2015''17Love & Hip Hop: New YorkHerselfMain cast, seasons 6''72015Uncommon Sense with CharlamagneSeason 1, episode: 232016Kocktails with Khlo(C)Season 1, episode: "Khlo(C) Kardashian Spills the Tea"2017Being Mary JaneMercedesSeason 4, episode: "Getting Real"Hip Hop SquaresHerself, panelistSeason 1, episodes: "Ray J vs Princess Love", "Jessica White vs Joe Budden"2018Saturday Night LiveHerself, musical guestEpisode: "Chadwick Boseman/Cardi B"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy FallonHerself, co-hostEpisode: "Cardi B/John Mulaney"2019Rhythm + FlowHerself, judgeNetflixFilmsYearTitleRoleNotes2019HustlersDiamond2021F9LeysaPost-productionConcert tours Headlining
    • 2019 Arena Tour (2019)[232]Supporting
    • The Lox '' Filthy America... It's Beautiful (2017)See also Afro-Caribbean musicLGBT culture in New York CityList of self-identifying LGBTQ New YorkersReferences ^ "Cardi B Inks Management Deal With Quality Control". Complex . Retrieved March 28, 2018 . ^ Cobo, Leila (July 3, 2018). "The Times Have Changed: What 'I Like It' Hitting No. 1 Means to Latin Music". Billboard . Retrieved July 6, 2018 . ^ a b c Kameir, Rawiwa (June 22, 2017). "Cardi B Did It Her Way". The Fader . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "iamcardib on Twitter: "A lot of people calling me a immigrant lol my mum is Trini &spaniard my pop Dominican i was born in wash heights raised in The Bronx " ". Twitter. April 21, 2016 . Retrieved April 4, 2019 . ^ a b Yeung, Neil Z. "Cardi B Biography". AllMusic.com . Retrieved April 8, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B's So-Called Life" . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B talks sexuality, society and being straight-up | Dazed". Dazeddigital.com. September 16, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "From 167 you could see my hood HIGHBRIDGE..." Instagram. March 21, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . [permanent dead link ] ^ "iamcardib on Twitter: "I'm from HIGHBRIDGE " ". Twitter. November 16, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B on Twitter: "Just a bum bitch from Highbridge " ". Twitter. August 30, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b Salud, April (April 25, 2017). "Cardi B Shares 5 Things You Should Know About Her". Billboard . Retrieved July 25, 2017 . ^ Overdeep, Meghan (November 7, 2017). "Cardi B Reveals How She Got Her Unique Name". InStyle . Retrieved October 29, 2018 . ^ "iamcardib on Twitter: "Bitch I been a big time Blood since I was 16 sooo fuck is you talking bout ..ya just never peep it " ". Twitter. May 6, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B. Blood Anthem Music Video 'Red Bars ' ". Bossip.com. April 6, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b Weber, Caity Weaver, Christian (April 9, 2018). "Cardi B on Her Unstoppable Rise, Repping Gang Life, and the Peril of Butt Injections". GQ . Retrieved April 9, 2018 . ^ "iamcardib on Instagram: "Anyways who went to Renaissance in Lehman High School ? " ". Instagram. December 3, 2016 . Retrieved July 18, 2017 . [permanent dead link ] [dead link ] ^ a b c d Decker, Megan (May 14, 2018). "You Definitely Didn't Know These Fun Facts About Cardi B". Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved May 7, 2019 . ^ "Here Are 14 Things You Never Knew About Cardi B" . Retrieved March 20, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B's So-Called Life". The FADER. Archived from the original on March 2, 2016. ^ " ' Love & Hip-Hop' Star Cardi B Says Stripping Changed Her Life". Centrictv.com. January 13, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "#OneCrazyAssStory '' Cardi B's Basement Butt Job". YouTube. March 1, 2016. ^ "Flashback: Cardi B on How Stripping Influenced Her Cosmetic Surgery". YouTube. September 26, 2017 . Retrieved October 4, 2017 . ^ = https://www.vibe.com/featured/cardi-b-digital-cover =November 15, 2016}} ^ = https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xbwgkVkezCQ =January 13, 2017}} ^ "#LHHNY Cardi B. Says She Started Stripping To Escape Domestic Violence". Bossip.com. January 18, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Terry Carter (August 2, 2018). "7 Fun Facts About Cardi B, the Feminist Rapper Taking Over the Music Industry". Popsugar.com . Retrieved October 27, 2018 . ^ Natalia Mantini. "Cardi B on 'Love & Hip Hop,' Haters and Hoeism". Complex.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "30 Eccentric Facts About Cardi B". The Fact Site. July 2, 2018 . Retrieved May 7, 2019 . ^ Kameir, Rawiya (February 29, 2016). "Cardi B's So-Called Life". The Fader . Retrieved July 2, 2017 . ^ Hope, Clover. "America Loves Cardi B, Love & Hip-Hop's Best New Cast Member". ^ "Cardi B Announces Decision To Leave Cast Of Love & Hip Hop: New York". Hip-Hop Wired. December 30, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Hate It Or Love It?!?! Shaggy Feat. Popcaan & Cardi B '' "Boom Boom" [Listen]". Bossip. November 26, 1997. ^ "Cardi B Drops Music Video "Cheap Ass Weave " ". VH1. December 15, 2015 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B '' "Cheap Ass Weave" [Music Video". MaseTV.com. December 18, 2015 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B '' Gangsta Bitch Music Vol 1 Mixtape '' Stream & Download". Datpiff.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B's 'Gangsta Bitch Music Vol. 1' Is the First Good Record to Come Out of 'Love and Hip-Hop ' ". Noisey.vice.com. November 15, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Is Everybody's Homegirl In 'VIBE Viva' Cover Shoot". Hypehair.com. November 16, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Estevez, Marjua (November 15, 2016). "Cardi B Doesn't Give A F**k, And Neither Should You (Digital Cover)". Vibe.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B & The KSR Group Drop 'The Underestimated' Mixtape [AUDIO] '' HOT 97 '' #1 For Hip Hop". ^ "Bonus '' Behind the Sense: Women's Intuition & Cardi B Joins the Holiday Fun '' Uncommon Sense Live". MTV. December 9, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Watch How Cardi B Told Her Mom She Was a Stripper Video '' Kocktails With Khloe | FYI". Fyi.tv . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Tisha Campbell & Cardi B On Kocktails With Khloe". Bossip.com. April 7, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Joins the Cast of BET's Being Mary Jane". VH1. November 2, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Joins Being Mary Jane Cast". Latina.com. January 5, 2017. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Cherie Saunders (January 31, 2017). "Mary Jane Goes Viral After Reading Cardi B. on Tonight's 'Being Mary Jane' (Watch Clip)". EURweb.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Miller, Gregory E. (April 5, 2018). "Cardi B's meteoric rise from stripper to superstar". New York Post . Retrieved March 29, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B Once Played With a Massive Dildo in Local Sex Toy Store Ad". Billboard . Retrieved March 29, 2019 . ^ Ivey, Justin (January 20, 2017). "Stream Cardi B's 'Gangsta Bitch Music Vol. 2' Mixtape '' XXL". XXL . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Joshua Espinoza (January 20, 2017). "Cardi B 'Gangsta Bitch Music Vol. 2" Mixtape". Complex.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b "Cardi B For MAC Cosmetics x Gypsy Sport Event!1966 Magazine". 1966mag.com. February 8, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Reportedly Signs Deal With Atlantic Records". Hotnewhiphop.com. February 28, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Reportedly Signs Mega Deal With Atlantic Records". Vibe.com. March 1, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "The LOX Announce 'Filthy America...It's Beautiful Tour' With Lil Kim & Remy Ma". Billboard. January 25, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Burgess, Omar. "Remy Ma Is Already Performing "ShETHER" on Tour With Lil Kim". Complex.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b "i-D's 'A-Z of Music' Video & Composition Featuring Kodie Shane, Cardi B & More: Exclusive". Billboard . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Ice Cube, T.I. and More Help Kick Off 'VH1 Hip Hop Squares' '' XXL". Xxlmag.com. March 13, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Adrienne Bailon Has An Unhealthy Obsession With Cardi B '' Hip Hop Squares". VH1. April 3, 2013 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B's Reaction to Being Nominated for a BET Award Is Too Cute | Music | News". BET.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Alyssa Norwin (June 23, 2017). "Cardi B Fears Winning BET Award Over 'Idol' Remy Ma: It Would Be 'Awkward' '' Hollywood Life". Hollywoodlife.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Runs Through A Medley Of Songs At BET Awards After-Party (VIDEO)". Allhiphop.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Williams, Aaron (June 26, 2017). "Cardi B's BET Afterparty Performance Proves She Was Robbed At The Show". Uproxx.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Did Cardi B Betray Nicki Minaj?". Allhiphop.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Remy Ma Disses Nicki Minaj at 2017 Summer Jam, Brings Cardi B, Lil Kim on Stage '' XXL". Xxlmag.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Williams, Aaron (June 22, 2017). "Cardi B's Atlantic Records Deal Is Confirmed In Her 'Fader' Cover". Uproxx.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b c d Nikas, Joanna (August 17, 2017). "An Afternoon With Cardi B as She Makes Money Moves". The New York Times . Retrieved April 8, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B Is All About the Cash on New Song 'Bodak Yellow (Money Moves)' '' XXL". Xxlmag.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "New Music: Cardi B '' 'Bodak Yellow (Money Moves) ' ". Rap-Up. June 16, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ a b "Wendy Williams '' Cardi B Performs "Bodak Yellow " ". Wendyshow.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2017 . Retrieved October 4, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Performs 'Bodak Yellow' On 'Jimmy Kimmel Live': Watch". Billboard . Retrieved April 28, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B is now the first female solo rapper to top the Billboard 100 chart since 1998". Vox.com. September 25, 2017 . Retrieved October 4, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow" Breaks Another Billboard Hot 100 Record". ^ Trust, Gary. "J Balvin, Willy William & Beyonc(C) Blast to No. 3 on Billboard Hot 100 With 'Mi Gente', Cardi B No. 1 for Third Week". Billboard. Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group . Retrieved October 9, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Becomes First Person of Dominican Descent to Reach No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100". Remezcla.com. September 25, 2017 . Retrieved October 4, 2017 . ^ Grammy Nominations 2018, November 28, 2017 ^ "Cardi B Performs". XXL Mag. ^ Zellner, Xander (December 19, 2017). "Cardi B Makes History on Hot 100 With Third Career-Opening Top 10". Billboard . Retrieved December 21, 2017 . ^ Anderson, Trevor (November 10, 2017). "Cardi B Makes History With First Three Top 10s on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart". Billboard . Retrieved November 12, 2017 . ^ "The Weeknd, Migos, Lil Uzi Vert & Cardi B to Perform at Power 105.1's Powerhouse 2017". Billboard.com . Retrieved December 22, 2017 . ^ Estevez, Marjua (December 19, 2017). "Ozuna & Cardi B Head to Jamaica to Trade Bilingual Rhymes in 'La Modelo' Video Debut: Watch". Billboard . Retrieved December 19, 2017 . ^ "New Music: Cardi B feat. 21 Savage '' 'Bartier Cardi ' ". Rap-Up. December 21, 2017 . Retrieved December 22, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B and Bruno Mars drop 'Finesse' '-- listen now!". EW.com . Retrieved January 8, 2018 . ^ France, Lisa Respers. "Cardi B surpasses Beyonc(C) on the charts". CNN . Retrieved January 19, 2018 . ^ Clark, Anne Victoria. "Cardi B Drops New Single 'Be Careful ' ". Vulture . Retrieved March 30, 2018 . ^ Aniftos, Rania (March 26, 2018). "Cardi B Reveals 'Invasion of Privacy' Album Release Date & Cover Art". Billboard . Retrieved March 27, 2018 . ^ Kaplan, Ilana (April 13, 2018). "Cardi B breaks Taylor Swift record on Apple Music with her debut album Invasion of Privacy". The Independent . Retrieved July 27, 2018 . ^ Asward, Jem (April 6, 2018). "Album Review: Cardi B's 'Invasion of Privacy ' ". Variety . Retrieved April 9, 2018 . ^ a b Caraminaca, Jon (April 10, 2018). "Cardi B Is a New Rap Celebrity Loyal to Rap's Old Rules on 'Invasion of Privacy ' ". The New York Times . Retrieved April 15, 2018 . ^ Trust, Gary (March 16, 2018). "Cardi B Bests Beyonce for the Most Simultaneous Hot 100 Hits Among Women". Billboard . Retrieved March 16, 2018 . ^ Kaufman, Gil (April 13, 2018). "Cardi B Sets Apple Music Record For Most Streamed Album by Female Artist in One Week". Billboard . Retrieved April 13, 2018 . ^ Caulfield, Keith (March 15, 2018). "Cardi B's 'Invasion of Privacy' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard . Retrieved March 15, 2018 . ^ McIntyre, Hugh (February 19, 2019). "Ariana Grande's New No. 1 Album Has The Biggest Streaming Week Ever For A Woman". Forbes . Retrieved June 18, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B is Pregnant, Confirms Pregnancy on 'SNL ' ". Billboard. April 8, 2018. ^ "Cardi B's Tonight Show Co-Hosting Gig Was a Stroke of Brilliance". Vanity Fair . Retrieved April 28, 2018 . ^ a b Trust, Gary (July 2, 2018). "Cardi B Becomes First Female Rapper With Two Billboard Hot 100 No. 1s, as 'I Like It', With Bad Bunny & J Balvin, Follows 'Bodak Yellow' to the Top". Billboard . Retrieved July 2, 2018 . ^ Trust, Gary (September 24, 2018). "Maroon 5 & Cardi B's 'Girls Like You' Hits No. 1 on Hot 100, Eminem & 5 Seconds of Summer New to Top 10". Billboard . Retrieved September 24, 2018 . ^ "Halsey's 'Without Me' Tops Billboard Hot 100, Becoming Her First No. 1 as a Lead Artist". Billboard . Retrieved April 18, 2019 . ^ "Maroon 5's "Girls Like You" hits one billion YouTube views, among top-10 fastest to that milestone". ABC News. October 10, 2018 . Retrieved October 13, 2018 . ^ "IFPI Best Selling Singles 2018". Billboard. March 6, 2019 . Retrieved March 6, 2019 . ^ Trust, Gary (July 30, 2018). "Drake Tops Hot 100 For Third Week With 'In My Feelings,' Passes Rihanna For Most Weeks at No. 1 This Decade". Billboard . Retrieved July 30, 2018 . ^ Trust, Gary (October 15, 2018). "Maroon 5 & Cardi B's 'Girls Like You' Tops Hot 100 For Fourth Week, Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper Hit Top 10". Billboard . Retrieved October 16, 2018 . ^ a b Trust, Gary (October 29, 2018). "Maroon 5 and Cardi B Rule Billboard Hot 100 For Sixth Week, Post Malone and Swae Lee Debut in Top 10". Billboard . Retrieved October 30, 2018 . ^ Trust, Gary (February 11, 2019). "Hot 100". Billboard . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ Trust, Gary (September 20, 2019). "Stuck By Ya: Post Malone & Swae Lee's 'Sunflower' Ties Record For Most Weeks Spent in Hot 100's Top 10". Billboard . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ Holmes, Charles (December 21, 2018). "Cardi B Raps, Twerks, Breastfeeds In Extravagantly NSFW 'Money' Video". Rolling Stone . Retrieved December 21, 2018 . ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (August 20, 2018). "VMAs: Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved August 20, 2018 . ^ Lewis, Hilary (September 12, 2018). "American Music Awards: Drake, Cardi B Lead 2018 Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved September 12, 2018 . ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (October 9, 2018). "American Music Awards: Taylor Swift Wins Artist of the Year, Sets New Record". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 9, 2018 . ^ Fernandez, Suzette (October 30, 2018). "Cardi B Says She Won't Allow Her Baby to Forget Her in 'People en Espanol' Cover Story". Billboard . Retrieved October 31, 2018 . ^ "How Cardi B became a pop culture phenomenon". Entertainment Weekly. November 29, 2018 . Retrieved November 29, 2018 . ^ Lyle, Ashley (December 3, 2018). "Cardi B, Drake, Travis Scott & More Honored at Ebony Power 100 Gala". Billboard . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . ^ Aswad, Jem (December 3, 2018). "Apple Music Unveils Its Top 100 Songs and Albums for 2018". Variety . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . Apple Music's Top 100 Global Albums ^ Aniftos, Rania (December 4, 2018). "Spotify Announces 2018 'Wrapped' Most Streamed Stats: Drake & Ariana Grande Top the List". Billboard . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . ^ Aswad, Jem (December 3, 2018). "Apple Music Unveils Its Top 100 Songs and Albums for 2018". Variety . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . ^ "Billboard's 100 Best Songs of 2018: Critics' Picks". Billboard. December 11, 2018 . Retrieved December 11, 2018 . ^ "The 10 Best Albums of 2018". Time. November 16, 2018 . Retrieved November 16, 2018 . ^ "50 Best Albums of 2018". Rolling Stone. December 13, 2018 . Retrieved December 13, 2018 . ^ a b "Cardi B by Taraji P. Henson". Time. April 19, 2018 . Retrieved April 19, 2018 . ^ "2019 GRAMMY Awards: Complete Nominations List". The Recording Academy. December 7, 2018 . Retrieved December 7, 2018 . ^ a b Powell, Emma (December 7, 2018). "Grammy nominations 2019 LIVE: Full list of nominees from Lady Gaga to Taylor Swift and Cardi B". Evening Standard . Retrieved December 7, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B becomes first solo female artist to win Best Rap Album at Grammys". Entertainment Weekly. February 10, 2019 . Retrieved February 10, 2019 . ^ Warner, Denise (April 4, 2019). "Cardi B Leads 2019 Billboard Music Awards Nominations With 21". billboard . Retrieved April 4, 2019 . ^ Joe Lynch (May 1, 2019). "2019 Billboard Music Awards Winners: The Complete List". Billboard. ^ "Hear Cardi B, Bruno Mars' Flirtatious New Song 'Please Me ' ". Rolling Stone. February 15, 2019. ^ "Cardi B & Bruno Mars Take Over an After-Hours Taco Joint in 'Please Me' Video: Watch". Billboard . Retrieved March 2, 2019 . ^ Peters, Mitchell (March 2, 2019). "Cardi B Breaks Houston Rodeo Attendance Record, Cites Selena Quintanilla as Inspiration". Billboard . Retrieved March 2, 2019 . ^ Anderson, Trevor (March 8, 2019). "Cardi B Replaces Herself Atop Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop Chart as Pardison Fontaine's 'Backin It Up' Hits No. 1". Billboard . Retrieved March 8, 2019 . ^ "PRESS SINGLE AND OFFICIAL ART WORK DROPS THIS WEEK ON 5/31 !!!". May 27, 2019 . Retrieved May 28, 2019 '' via Instagram. ^ "Cardi B - Press [Official Music Video]". Linkfire/YouTube. June 26, 2019. ^ Bloom, Madison (June 24, 2019). "BET Awards 2019: Watch Cardi B Open the Show With "Press " ". Pitchfork . Retrieved July 13, 2019 . ^ Wiseman, Andreas (March 19, 2019). "Hustlers': Cardi B, Lili Reinhart, Keke Palmer & Julia Stiles Join Constance Wu & Jennifer Lopez In Avenging Strippers Pic". Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved March 19, 2019 . ^ N'Duka, Amanda (April 15, 2019). "Jennifer Lopez-Starring 'Hustlers' Film Gets September Release Date From STX". Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved April 15, 2019 . ^ a b O'Connell, Michael (November 13, 2018). "Cardi B and Chance the Rapper Will Judge Hip-Hop Competition 'Rhythm + Flow' for Netflix". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 13, 2018 . ^ "Rhythm + Flow". Netflix. ^ Saponara, Michael (October 22, 2019). "Cardi B Joins the 'Fast & Furious' Family: See Her Video With Vin Diesel". Billboard . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "RIAA '' Gold & Platinum: Top Artists (Digital Singles)". Recording Industry Association of America. ^ "Cardi B Talks Second Album, TV And Her Upcoming Film Projects". Forbes. ^ Aisha Salaudeen. "Cardi B is set to perform for the first time in Nigeria and Ghana". CNN . Retrieved December 9, 2019 . ^ Rowley, Glenn (March 17, 2020). "Cardi B 'Coronavirus Remix' Continues to Explode, Gets a Nod From Miley Cyrus & Cody Simpson" . Retrieved March 18, 2020 . ^ Herrera, Isabela (July 11, 2017). "Ivy Queen Jams to Cardi B on Instagram and the Internet Trembles With Caribe±a Glory". Remezcla. Remezcla, LLC . Retrieved August 1, 2017 . ^ "Instagram post by Grace Hamilton ' Oct 7, 2017 at 8:31pm UTC". Instagram . Retrieved October 20, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B said Lady Gaga inspired her 3 years ago and freaked out after finally meeting her at the 2019 Grammys" . Retrieved July 9, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B Returns To Her Stripper Roots And Reminds Us Why She Was Born To Flex In 'Money' Video". Blavity. December 21, 2018 . Retrieved December 22, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B rinde tributo a Selena Quintanilla y revela que la 'Reina del Tex-Mex' fue la inspiraci"n para 'Please Me ' ". Univision (in Spanish) . Retrieved December 9, 2019 . ^ "Hollywood Unlocked Uncensored: Cardi B. Unlocks The One Thing She's Most "Cocky" About ' The Hollywood Unlocked". thehollywoodunlocked.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019 . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Reveals What She's Most Cocky About on Hollywood Unlocked [UNCENSORED]". Hollywood Unlocked. June 30, 2017 '' via YouTube. ^ Hurst, Josh (April 10, 2018). "Cardi B Invasion of Privacy". Slant . Retrieved October 14, 2018 . ^ "Top 50 Albums of 2018". Consequence of Sound. December 3, 2018 . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B Is A Great Rapper, And You Need To Start Taking Her Seriously". July 19, 2017. ^ "Don't Sleep on Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow " ". Complex. ^ "WHAT DOES 'BODAK YELLOW' MEAN? CARDI B'S NEW BILLBOARD NO. 1 SINGLE, EXPLAINED". Newsweek. September 25, 2017. ^ "Cardi B empowers women through her music". May 3, 2019. ^ "Cardi B Opens Up About Fashion Designers Rejecting Her". Billboard. April 22, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Aniftos, Rania (September 10, 2018). "Tom Ford's Cardi B Inspired Lipstick Sold Out in 24 Hours". Billboard . Retrieved September 10, 2018 . ^ Hughes, Aria (November 5, 2018). "Cardi B Signs Reebok Deal". Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved November 5, 2018 . ^ a b Hall, Chloe (November 14, 2018). "Cardi B on Fashion Nova Fits, Financial Security, and the State of Democracy". Elle . Retrieved November 15, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B and Monet X Change Star in New Pepsi Commercial: Watch". Billboard. February 7, 2019 . Retrieved February 13, 2019 . ^ "Rap Snacks Unveils New Flavors for Cardi B and Migos". Billboard. February 11, 2019 . Retrieved April 23, 2019 . ^ Wells, Veronica (November 18, 2016). "Cardi B. Is A Feminist And Y'all Can Stay Mad". Madamenoire.com . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B. Is A Feminist And Y'all Can Stay Mad". Bossip.com. November 18, 2016 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Nikas, Joanna (August 17, 2017). "An Afternoon With Cardi B as She Makes Money Moves". NYTimes.com . Retrieved October 4, 2017 . ^ "Cardi B Official IG on Instagram: "Imagine a old ass female teacher bussing a burner ðŸThis man really out his mind .America must be entertainment to other countries . " ". Instagram . Retrieved April 9, 2018 . [permanent dead link ] ^ Cardi B (March 4, 2016). "Like it's not funny nomore". Twitter. ^ " " Vote for Daddy Bernie Bitch!" '' The Political History of Cardi B". The Guardian . Retrieved January 22, 2019 . ^ Bruner, Raisa (January 28, 2018). "Hillary Clinton and Cardi B Are the Perfect Narrators of President Trump's Life Story". Time. ^ @Variety (April 12, 2019). "Cardi B says she's rooting for Bernie Sanders in the 2020 election (Watch)" (Tweet) . Retrieved April 13, 2019 '' via Twitter. ^ "Cardi B: Unfiltered, Unapologetic, Unbowed". Vogue. ^ "Cardi B might be one of Bernie's most powerful 2020 allies. Seriously". Politico. ^ "15 Things We Learned From Cardi B's 'Invasion of Privacy' Press Run", XXL site, April 12, 2018. ^ "Cardi B Runs For President & Tells ISIS To Suck A D*ck | Love & Hip Hop". YouTube. April 5, 2016. ^ Caity Weaver, "Cardi B's Money Moves", GQ, April 9, 2018. ^ Amatulli, Jenna (April 18, 2018). "Bernie Sanders Says 'Cardi B Is Right' About Who Really Made America Great Again". Huffington Post. ^ Stewart, Emily (January 17, 2019). "Cardi B's viral shutdown rant made some really good points". Vox . Retrieved March 1, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B Jokes About Nicki Minaj Fight '-- and That Knot on Her Forehead '-- One Week Later". PEOPLE.com . Retrieved September 18, 2018 . ^ "Everything We Know About Cardi B and Nicki Minaj's Fight at Harper's Bazaar's ICONS Party". ELLE. September 8, 2018 . Retrieved September 18, 2018 . ^ "Nicki Minaj Denies Mocking Cardi B's Daughter On 'Queen Radio ' ". UPROXX. September 10, 2018 . Retrieved November 10, 2018 . ^ "Nicki Minaj denies insulting Cardi B's parenting skills '' Independent.ie". Independent.ie . Retrieved November 10, 2018 . ^ Bollinger, Alex (May 16, 2018). "Rapper Cardi B comes out as bisexual". LGBTQ Nation . Retrieved January 15, 2020 . ^ "Cardi B says she used to drug and rob men when she worked as a stripper". The Independent. March 27, 2019 . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B explains why she 'drugged and robbed' men". BBC News. March 27, 2019 . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B defends herself after saying she used to drug and rob men when she worked as stripper". The Independent. March 27, 2019 . Retrieved March 27, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B gets assault summons but lawyer say she did no harm". AP. October 1, 2018. ^ Maria Pasquini; Sarah Michaud; Janine Rubenstein (October 1, 2018). "Cardi B Turns Herself in to Police, Arrested and Charged for Alleged Attack on Bartenders". People. ^ Melas, Chloe (December 7, 2018). "Cardi B shows up to court and avoids potential arrest". CNN. ^ Kreps, Daniel (December 7, 2018). "Cardi B Appears in Court for Hearing Over Strip Club Assault Charges". Rolling Stone. ^ Fieldstadt, Elisha (June 21, 2019). "Cardi B indicted on felony charges in alleged strip-club brawl". NBC. ^ "Cardi B charged with strip club assault". BBC. June 21, 2019. ^ "Cardi B pleads not guilty to strip club fight charges". NBC News. ^ "How Cardi B Makes Fashion Moves". The Business of Fashion. October 29, 2018 . Retrieved January 3, 2019 . ^ "28 Black Fashion Forces". Council of Fashion Designers of America. February 5, 2019 . Retrieved February 13, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B becomes first female rapper to cover 'Vogue ' ". Revolt . Retrieved January 8, 2020 . ^ Payne, Ogden. "Cardi B Takes Home ASCAP Songwriter Of The Year Award". Forbes. ^ "Cardi B's "Bodak Yellow" Becomes Highest RIAA-Certified Single By A Female Rapper". All Hip Hop. ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "Cardi B Has Made History On Spotify". Forbes. ^ "Bilboard 200 Decade-End chart". ^ a b "Cardi B's 'Invasion Of Privacy' Is The Most-Streamed Album By A Female Rapper Ever On Spotify". BET.com. ^ "Diversity wins as female artists and hip-hop triumph at Grammys". The Guardian. ^ Grow, Jon Dolan,Brittany Spanos,Simon Vozick-Levinson,Rob Sheffield,Charles Holmes,Christian Hoard,Joseph Hudak,Elias Leight,Suzy Exposito,Will Hermes,Angie Martoccio,David Browne,Hank Shteamer,Jon Freeman,Claire Shaffer,Brenna Ehrlich,Jonathan Bernstein,Jon Blistein,Nick Catucci,Brendan Klinkenberg,Danny Schwartz,Kory; Portwood, Jerry (December 3, 2019). "The 100 Best Albums of the 2010s". ^ "100 Best Albums of the 2010s: Staff Picks". Billboard. November 19, 2019. ^ Rowley, Glenn (February 5, 2019). "Chrissy Teigen Talks Kanye & John Legend Drama in New #BehindTheTweets Video". Billboard . Retrieved February 5, 2019 . ^ "All the best performances from the 2019 Grammy Awards". Entertainment Weekly. ^ "Cardi B goes both soft and hard in her new single, "Be Careful " ". The AV Club . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B's Most Memorable Fashion Moments". Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ WilliamsTwitter, Aaron (February 19, 2020). "For Women In Hip-Hop, Cardi B's Co-Sign Is The New Drake Effect". ^ "Is Rap Finally Ready To Embrace Its Women". The New Yorker. ^ "Cardi B's 'Bodak Yellow': Songs That Define the Decade". Billboard. November 21, 2019. ^ Cobo, Leila (July 3, 2018). "The Times Have Changed: What 'I Like It' Hitting No. 1 Means to Latin Music". Billboard . Retrieved July 6, 2018 . ^ "The Business Of Being Cardi B". NPR.org. ^ "Cardi B's Personal Brand Took the Media by Storm. Here's What You Can Learn From It". Inc. ^ "Cardi B on Feeling Like Lizzie McGuire, Taking Risks in Fashion, and What She and Bernie Sanders Have in Common". Vogue. ^ "Why Cardi B is a fashion icon for our times". The Daily Telegraph. ^ "Cardi B, Juice WRLD, More Inducted Into Spotify's RapCaviar 'Pantheon ' ". Variety. ^ "Cardi B on Her Kicking Baby and Pearl-Covered Dress". Vogue. Cond(C) Nast . Retrieved May 29, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B '' God Brought Her To The Strip Club To Save Her Life". YouTube. February 21, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "CARDI B ON GOD : Explains Why She Speaks to God '' Says It's A 50/50 (VIDEO)". YouTube. February 7, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "iamcardib on Twitter: "I don't tell people what religion to practice so don't come telling me my God and Jesus Christ ain't real cause I will violate " ". Twitter. January 3, 2017 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ "Getting To Know Cardi B Interview Part Two". The Rickey Smiley Morning Show. September 16, 2015 . Retrieved July 17, 2017 . ^ Ballin, Sofiya (October 28, 2017). "Cardi B gets engaged at Power 99's Powerhouse Concert in Philly". philly.com . Retrieved October 28, 2017 . ^ DiMeglio, Mary J. (April 8, 2018). "Cardi B Reveals Pregnancy in 'SNL' Performance". Billboard . Retrieved April 8, 2018 . ^ Whittum, Connor (June 25, 2018). "Cardi B Confirms Secret Marriage to Offset: 'There Are Some Moments I Want to Keep for Myself ' ". Billboard . Retrieved June 25, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B announces birth of daughter on Instagram". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018 . Retrieved July 11, 2018 . ^ Merrett, Robyn; Sands, Nicole. "Cardi B Says She and Husband Offset Are Not Together Anymore: 'I Guess We Fell Out of Love ' ". People. People . Retrieved December 5, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B and Offset Share Major PDA Moment on the 2019 Grammys Red Carpet/". E! Online. February 11, 2019. ^ "Grammys 2019: Cardi B Wins Best Rap Album". Pitchfork . Retrieved February 17, 2019 . ^ "Cardi B Says #MeToo Movement Has Ignored Video Vixens: 'Nobody Gives a F--- ' ". Billboard. March 19, 2018 . Retrieved April 3, 2018 . ^ "Cardi B Opens up to Zendaya in the New Issue of CR Fashion Book". CR Fashion Book. December 21, 2018 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 . ^ Shamsian, Jacob; and Singh, Olivia. "The fabulous life of Cardi B, from stripper to chart-topping rapper", Insider, January 14, 2019. Accessed August 12, 2019. "Her distinctive New Yawk accent makes her an important part of the city's constellation of hip-hop artists. But she prefers to live in Edgewater, New Jersey, and commute to New York City." ^ Kameir, Rawiya. "Cardi B Did It Her Way; Cardi B engineered Instagram fame into reality TV stardom into a poppin' rap career. Now she's learning to juggle everything that comes with it.", The Fader, June 22, 2017. Accessed August 12, 2019. "To put it in her own indelicate words, Cardi B really has to take a shit. She's curled up in the backseat of a black Denali that has been tasked with delivering us over the Hudson River, from midtown Manhattan to her apartment in Edgewater, New Jersey... In the apartment, for which she pays $3,000 a month, there's a large, open-plan area for living, dining, and cooking, plus three rooms and two bathrooms. In the master bedroom, there's a plush, round, red bed that she calls 'the lovers' bed,' giggling MTV Cribs-style and jumping on it to twerk." ^ = https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/amp19486392/cardi-b-metoo-story-women-hiphop/ =March 20, 2018}} ^ = https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a18930050/cardi-b-cosmopolitan-cover-interview/ =March 19, 2018}} ^ = https://www.nme.com/news/music/cardi-b-wants-metoo-movement-inclusive-2268950/amp =March 19, 2018}} ^ = https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SzlDn_8Odv8 =September 25, 2019}} ^ "The Source |Cardi B Announces First Dates of Debut Arena Tour". February 26, 2019. External links Official website Cardi B at AllMusicCardi B discography at DiscogsCardi B on IMDbCardi B discography at MusicBrainz
  • Why #ADOS Is Trash. Receipts Attached. - Talib Kweli Greene - Medium
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:33
    •  
    • #ADOS Co-Founder Yvette Carnell In January of 2018, Steve Bannon, the architect of Breitbart.com's alt right rise to the Trump White House, a man who told a gathering of white nationalists in France to wear the title of racist as a badge of honor, was fired from his job at Sirius XM after Jewish actor Seth Rogen cancelled Sirius XM appearances in protest of Bannon's hateful rhetoric. Many of Sirius XM's hosts of color, including Reverend Mark Thompson who hosts a show on Sirius XM called Make It Plain, were very vocal in their opposition to Sirius XM's decision to give Steve Bannon a platform. Today, Mark Thompson's job at Sirius XM seems to be in question due to a physical altercation he had in Newark. When I look at the details of the events leading up to the altercation, it seems to me that Sirius XM may be in danger of making the wrong decision again. Let me back up'...
    • The Reverend Mark Thompson has been a leading activist journalist in the black community for over 25 years. His show, Make It Plain, which was the only show of its kind to address black issues nationally for years, was the first talk show on Sirius XM, premiering back in 2001. He used his show to broadcast live from Occupy Wall Street and he has been on remote wherever ground zero for the movement was, from Sanford, Florida to Ferguson, Missouri. He's been arrested for protesting on behalf of the people and he joined Dick Gregory, Maxine Waters and journalist Gary Webb in exposing the CIA's role in the crack cocaine epidemic. This brother has certainly paid his dues.
    • I was only marginally aware of Mark Thompson's pro reparations work before both him and I started being harassed by a new hashtag movement bubbling online called ADOS, which stands for American Descendants Of Slaves. I saw him on Joy Ann Reid's MSNBC program being described as a member of the National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC) due to his research and support of the concept of reparations for African Americans who are descended from enslaved people.
    • Talib Kweli 2000 Seasons 1997Like Mark Thompson, I have always been pro reparations. In my first solo song ever, ''2000 Seasons'' from 1997, I rap ''they call it reparations but they call it extortion.'' In 2004, on Kanye West's (that's pre Trump Kanye btw) ''We Can Make It Better'', I rapped ''reparations, how you calculate the amount to be paid, you try to imagine America without the slaves.'' I am of the belief that African Americans absolutely deserve reparations and I've worked closely throughout my career with a pro reparations community activist group called the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. However, none of that mattered to a woman named Yvette Carnell, a founder of this ADOS movement, when she decided to wander over to my mentions to aggressively critique me for writing what amounted to an anti Trump tweet. The ADOS position is that we should not vote for any democrats unless they promise to support reparations. They don't hold the GOP to the same standard, and even though Yvette Carnell used to support the Sanders campaign in 2016, she was very upset at me implying that I like Bernie Sanders better than Donald Trump.
    • I was taken aback when I received such a vile, personal attack on my character and my life's work from what seemed at first glance to be a pro-black black woman. It was clear to me that I supported a plan for reparations in the tweet she was critical of, so why the attack? I had never heard of ADOS or Yvette Carnell before I wrote the tweet, so why did she take a tweet that wasn't written to her or about her so personal? Why did she assume I was talking about her and her movement? I believe that's called ''hit dogs hollering.'' Wouldn't it have been more prudent and pragmatic to share her plan with me, rather than dismiss me wholesale as some ''loud and wrong black celebrity'' in our first exchange ever?
    • As bad as Yvette's Carnell's initial unsolicited tweet to me was, her followers were way worse. They collectively decided I was a Haitian immigrant (weird flex) as a way to justify their dismissal of my position. I was born in Brooklyn. My mother was born in New Jersey and my father was born in Queens. We've never been Haitian. It became apparent to me very quickly that ADOS was an anti black immigrant movement when scores of ADOS accounts began to harass me, an American born citizen, for being an immigrant. I was called a ''coon'', a ''sell out'', I was told to ''go back to Haiti''. When I pointed out that Yvette Carnell made a YouTube video entitled ''Pan Africanism Is Dead'' I was told to ''go back to Africa''. One ADOS person threatened to shoot me and several others, including a verified twitter user named Junot Joyner who once lost on American Idol 11 years ago, threatened to show up where I perform to physically assault me. These bigoted and sometimes violently worded attacks came daily, by the hundreds, for almost a month straight. Supposedly pro-black ADOS folks were using the same exact hateful rhetoric that white supremacists have used on me for years in digital spaces. Something was fishy.
    • The strategy for ADOS to get reparations seemed to be attacking famous (mostly) black people for two reasons; first, for not being black and American enough according to a standard set by ADOS and secondly, for being anti Donald Trump. Yvette Carnell's partner in the founding fo ADOS is a former Los Angeles county district attorney named Antonio Moore who spends his free time making YouTube videos that critique filmmaker Jordan Peele for hiring Africans that haven't been born in America as the leads for his movies. ADOS folks online constantly tweet about taking down Ta-Nehisi Coates, Kamala Harris, Cory Booker, Bernie Sanders, Roland Martin, Angela Rye, and every other prominent public critic of Donald Trump. They say that they only go after Democrats because Democrats have taken the black vote for granted. While that statement can be proven true, ADOS fails to realize that the results of only going after Democrats is handing a free pass to the GOP. When you raise that question, far too many ADOS folks begin to defend Trump and double down on their attacks of all Trumps opposition. This is a recipe for failure in my view.
    • #ADOS co-founder Yvette Carnell wearing a MAGA hat in a now deleted YouTube video No, it's not photo shopped either so don't even try that.When I began peeling back the layers of ADOS to try and understand why they seemed so focused on attacking immigrants and all anti Trump black people, even clearly pro reparations anti Trump black people, what I found was startling. Largely due to the impeccable research of a twitter user named @ImaniKushan I began to see that Yvette Carnell, who's twitter name is @breakingbrown, seemed to use her YouTube channel to push right wing, pro Trump, anti immigration propaganda. She has videos titled ''Why Is Everyone So Afraid of Steve Bannon'' and ''Trump Is Right About Black Poverty.'' There was a video of her wearing a MAGA hat, which she deleted once we called her out for wearing it. She has tweets about how Trump looks so presidential on TV, and about how Trump is correct about birthright citizenship. She uses her Twitter account to push anti immigration propaganda, and she uses nazi slogans like ''blood and soil.'' She wrote an essay on her Breaking Brown blog entitled ''Black Lawmakers Shouldn't Be Out Here Calling Trump Illegitimate.'' Despite her denials of her support for Trump, the evidence is clear that in action Yvette Carnell is pushing the GOP's message.
    • As damning as all of these facts about Yvette Carnell's actions are, her intentions were not clear to me until I found out that she is an admittedly proud board member of an anti immigrant organization that deceptively calls itself Progressives For Immigration Reform. In case you are someone who doesn't understand that progressives generally don't fight for immigration reform, let be break this down for you. PFIR was designated as a hate group by the ADL and the SPLC because it is funded by John Tanton, a white nationalist well known for creating right wing think tanks that are specifically designed to get minority voters to align with GOP supported anti immigration policy. Now I understood why everyone following Yvette Carnell and supporting her movement were so hateful to immigrants. That was by design. Thats the whole point. ADOS is an insidious right wing funded anti immigration hashtag movement cloaked in the righteous language of reparations.
    • What most ADOS folks say when I present the evidence that Yvette Carnell is a fraud, is to look at their website, ados101.com. On this site, created by ADOS co founder Antonio Moore, Ronald Reagan is celebrated as being helpful to the black community. Donald Trump is celebrated as being helpful to black communities. Barack Obama, the first black president, is critiqued as not being helpful to black communities. I have no issues with critique of Obama. But when critique of Obama is buttressed in with celebration of Reagan and Trump, that's clearly right wing propaganda. Also, reparations isn't mentioned until the very last paragraph of their agenda, on their pro reparations website. This is suspect to me, When I pair these facts with the fact that Antonio Moore once said that due to his genetic make up that he is culturally closer to a white American than an African, I can conclude that the ADOS movement is being run by charlatans. I mean, if Antonio Moore is more like a European/American than he is African, why is he even entitled to reparations? Things that don't seem to make sense, usually don't.
    • ''I'm 5% Nigerian, I'm 7 to 10% British, I have a piece of me that's Scandinavian, I'm 30% Benin, I'm 20% the Congo and a mix of other things, I'm 1% Native American. Looking beyond native black American partnerships, ADOS partnerships'... how is it within race to marry a hundred percent Nigerian if I'm only 5% Nigerian, but out of race to marry a white person that may be 20% British? Has our technology, Ancestry.com, 23andme, tore a whole in the whole concept of race? I would argue yea. There was a great point made, that led to a good discussion, but I disagree with the point, where a woman came on my channel and said ''when people procreate with people that look like them and share their culture, in this case, you would have more culture in common, being an African American, 400 years in America, never been to Africa, with someone white, and you also may look more like the white person because of the mixture.'' '-- direct quote from ADOS founder Antonio Moore.
    • Speak for yourself Antonio. What a word salad. There's a lot to unpack there, and its all self hatred. Is this your hero?
    • The first notable mention of ADOS on any mainstream platform that is not YouTube was when Rev Mark Thompson critiqued their ''take down the democrats at all cost'' strategy on Joy Reid's MSNBC program. This earned him the title of ADOS public enemy number one, with Joy Ann Reid coming in at a close second for even having Mark on. Since Mark appeared on that program, the attacks on his character and life works for ADOS have been nonstop and daily. I may have been the only person to get it worse. Like me, he received threats of violence and death from ADOS folks due to his criticism of their tactics. In my experience, these threats don't always remain online. In the ten plus years I've been tweeting, twitter users have posed real threats to me more than once. A bitter racist rapper named MC Funky J showed up at a show once to fight me for being anti racist, that didn't work out well for him. Another bitter racist rapper named Bekay showed up to my show, took pictures in front of the venue, and then lied and told his Facebook following that he chased me around the venue. A violent lawyer from Texas named Jason Lee Van Dyke threatened to murder my fans and I for a full weekend. He was later named head of the racist gang the Proud Boys and then arrested for filing false police reports. Being a public figure who speaks out unapologetically can have actual physically dangerous consequences that you must be on guard for. If it wasn't, far more public figures would speak up and speak out on behalf of the people.
    • After speaking at a Newark community event put on by my friend and mayor of Newark, Ras Baraka, Rev Mark Thompson was aggressively confronted about his criticisms of ADOS by a black man calling himself Africa, which is ironic due to the ADOS anti Pan African stance. Africa, was upset with how Mark Thompson spoke about ADOS on MSNBC, and he wanted some answers. The exchange got more tense when Mark Thompson decided he had enough and tried to reclaim his time. Africa wasn't trying to hear that and began to insult Mark's work and career. Sensing a threat, Mark got into fight mode in order to protect himself and those around him. As someone who has been approached violently by strangers in the street who disagree with things I've said online and think that I must obey them or face consequences, I understand this fighting instinct. I cannot speak on the legalities of Mark's situation, but I can definitely relate to the instinct. I probably would've responded the same way the minister did. If some stranger comes up to me being rude and aggressive all in my space, they may get hit. I'll deal with the consequences later but what I won't do is wait until I'm assaulted by some stranger to go into protection mode. I hope that Sirius XM examines the full context of why Mark Thompson was involved in a physical altercation.
    • When I first started getting harassed by ADOS, I told myself I wasn't going to write any essays about ADOS because they didn't deserve it. The ADOS troll accounts have been nastier and more disturbing than any mass trolling Ive received and I've been trolled by EVERY major figure in the white supremacist movement, from Ben Shapiro to Gavin McInnes to David Duke. That's how I know ADOS is not organic. They are more organized and relentless than most troll operations. Hearing that Mark Thompson, who has been a soldier for black communities, may lose a job over being harassed online and in person by ADOS folks made me want to write this as a warning. One, as warning to pro reparations folks in our community, to stay far away from this hateful anti immigration movement. Two, as a warning to ADOS that we are on your head. You came after the wrong black man, and I won't stop until you are over.
    • ADOS folks will try to tell you that if you diss ADOS you are dissing all Black Americans ever. That is a lie. I've been a black man from Brooklyn my entire life and I never heard of that goofy hashtag until they came after me a month ago. It will never define my experience as a black man in America. I don't come from slaves, I come from an enslaved people. There's a difference. They will try to tell you that they have pushed the issue of reparations to the forefront and nobody before them has. These are lies that disrespect our ancestors and leaders whose shoulders we stand on. Sheila Jackson, along with Ron Daniels and John Conyers, introduced the HR40 reparations bill in 1989 and have pushed for it every year since. Organizations like NAARC (National African American Reparations Commission) and N'COBRA (National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America) have been doing the work for years. I used to sell The Debt by Randall Robinson at Nkiru when I worked there 20 years ago. Since then Robinson has founded TransAfrica, a pro reparations advocacy group. Scholars from Dr. Claud Anderson to Darrick Hamilton have advocated for reparations without needing align with white supremacists like ADOS founders Yvette Carnell and Antonio Moore have chosen to do. By making reparations a ''hold your own nuts'' divisive issue amongst black voters, ADOS will usher in a GOP victory for Trump in 2020. And if you think attacking other black people who also deserve reparations from their respective countries is going to get Donald Trump or any GOP run government to give you reparations, I have a bridge in Brooklyn to sell you. ADOS is a danger to actual black activists who have been active in the fight for reparations.
  • Talib Kweli - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:31
    •  
    • Talib Kweli Greene (; born October 3, 1975) is an American rapper, entrepreneur, and activist. Kweli earned recognition early on through his collaboration with fellow Brooklyn rapper Mos Def, when they formed the group Black Star. Kweli's musical career continued with solo success including collaborations with producers and rappers Kanye West, Just Blaze, and Pharrell Williams. His most recent solo album is titled Radio Silence, released in 2017. In 2011, Kweli founded his own record label, Javotti Media.
    • Early life [ edit ] Born in Brooklyn, New York City, Kweli grew up in a household in Park Slope. His mother, Brenda Greene, is an English professor at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, and his father is an administrator at Adelphi University. His younger brother, Jamal Greene, is a professor of constitutional law at Columbia Law School, a graduate of Yale Law School, and former clerk to Justice John Paul Stevens on the Supreme Court.[2] As a youth, he was drawn to Afrocentric rappers, such as De La Soul and other members of the Native Tongues Posse whom he had met in high school. Kweli was a student at Cheshire Academy, a boarding school in Connecticut. He was previously a student at Brooklyn Technical High School before being academically dismissed. He later studied experimental theater at New York University.[3]
    • Music career [ edit ] Early career (1997''2001) [ edit ] Kweli made his debut in 1997, with featured five appearances on Doom, an album by Cincinnati, Ohio group Mood.[citation needed ] In Cincinnati, Kweli met DJ Hi-Tek and the two collaborated on a few underground recordings as Reflection Eternal, including "Fortified Live" (1997), and "B-Boy Document 99/Chaos" (1999, featuring The High & Mighty).[citation needed ]
    • Kweli in 1999, New York City
    • Rawkus Records Collaborative Projects (1998''2000) [ edit ] Shortly afterwards, upon returning to New York, he reconnected with Mos Def and formed Black Star.[citation needed ] Kweli brought along Hi-Tek to produce their only album, 1998's Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star.[4] The album, released amidst a late '90s renaissance of conscious, Afrocentric hip hop, was hailed by critics and achieved modest mainstream success.[5] Kweli and Hi-Tek continued their Reflection Eternal partnership on the 2000 album Train of Thought.[citation needed ] The album was recorded at Electric Lady Studios.[citation needed ]
    • Hip Hop For Respect (2000) [ edit ] An EP, Hip Hop for Respect, was organized by Mos Def and Kweli to speak out against police brutality, specifically, the case of Amadou Diallo.[6] The project released one EP for Rawkus Entertainment.[6] On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo was shot 41 times by four police officers while reaching into his pocket for his wallet. Diallo was unarmed. The project aimed to assemble 41 emcees to represent the 41 shots fired. Rappers featured on the EP include Owen Brown, Evil Dee, Kool G. Rap, Rah Digga, Sporty Thievz, Shabaam Sahdeeq, Common, Pharoahe Monch, Posdonus, Donte and Main Flow of Mood, Nine, Tiye Phoenix, Breezly Brewn' of the Juggaknots, Punchline, Imani Uzuri, El-P and Mr. Len of Company Flow, Jah-Born of Medina Green, John Fort(C), Mr. Khaliyl, Fre, J-Live, Rubix, Invincible, Wordsworth, A.L., Kofi Taha, Tame One, Jane Doe, Grafh, Shyheim, Channel Live, Wise Intelligent, Cappadonna, Crunch Lo, Rock, Nonchalant, Ras Kass, Dead Prez and Parrish Smith. Producers included Mr. Khaliyl, Organized Noize, and 88-Keys.
    • Red Hot Organization (2001) [ edit ] In 2001, Kweli and Mos Def, contributed to the Red Hot + Indigo compilation album created by the Red Hot Organization.[7] The compilation was a tribute to Duke Ellington, that raised money for various charities devoted to increasing AIDS awareness and fighting the disease. Black Star collaborated with fellow artists John Patton and Ron Carter to record "Money Jungle". In 2002, Kweli contributed to the critically acclaimed Red Hot + Riot, a compilation CD created by the Red Hot Organization in tribute to the music and work of Nigerian musician Fela Kuti.[8] He collaborated with fellow hip hop artists Dead Prez, Jorge Ben, and Bilal to remake the Fela Kuti song "Shuffering and Shmiling", for the album.
    • Rawkus Records solo albums (2001''2006) [ edit ] In 2002, Kweli released his first solo album, which was a move toward a more mainstream sound. Quality featured production from a variety of producers, including DJ Quik and Kanye West.[citation needed ] The album was met with widespread critical acclaim and received some mainstream attention thanks to the West-produced single "Get By" which peaked at No. 77 on the Billboard Hot 100.[9] Quality peaked at No. 21 on the US Billboard 200 and at No. 6 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart.
    • In February 2004, Kweli featured on Kanye West's "Get 'Em High" off of West's debut album The College Dropout.
    • Kweli made a total of three performances on Chappelle's Show. He was the second musical guest on the show, which aired on January 29, 2003. For his second appearance, Kweli partnered with Yasiin Bey, as Black Star, for the finale of the show's first season on April 9, 2003. His third and final appearance on the show aired one year later on April 7, 2004.
    • In the summer of 2004, Kweli Kweli, along with Bob Moore's Amazing Mongrels, supported the Beastie Boys on their "Challah at Your Boy World Tour". That same summer, appeared on a Dilated Peoples song called "Live on Stage". A live remix was later featured on the video game NBA Street Vol. 2.
    • In the summer of 2004, Kweli also performed at Dave Chappelle's Block Party (both as a solo act and as one half of Black Star) and he was later featured in the film and soundtrack.
    • In November 2004, he released his second solo album and final Rawkus release, The Beautiful Struggle, which debuted at No. 14 in the Billboard Hot 100.[9] Kweli responded to Jay-Z's 2003 song "Moment of Clarity" in which Jay-Z rapped: "If skills sold, truth be told/I'd probably be, lyrically, Talib Kweli",[10] in his own track, "Ghetto Show" by stating "If lyrics sold then truth be told/I'd probably be just as rich and famous as Jay-Z." Despite this nod, the album featured much more commercial production, including efforts from The Neptunes, Kanye West and Just Blaze.[citation needed ]
    • Trippin is a 2005 MTV environmental documentary television series hosted by Cameron Diaz. On the show, said celebrities visit various ecological locales around the world, in particular underprivileged areas of the world. In 2005, Kweli had appeared in an episode also featuring Justin Timberlake, and Jimmy Fallon. The four of them had taken a trip to Tanzania to visit one of the world's largest and most thriving ecosystems left on the planet, the Serengeti Plain. There, they had gone into the depths of the Serengeti Plain with a few local zoologists at the time.[citation needed ]
    • BlackSmith Records (2005''2009) [ edit ] In 2005, Kweli released a mixtape-CD off of his newly formed Blacksmith Records. The project was called Right About Now: The Official Sucka Free Mix CD, a title which is considered a response to the criticism of The Beautiful Struggle.[11] The musical offering was generally considered to be a mixtape. Some people regard Right About Now as an album because of its availability through commercial sites and its release of two singles. Right About Now also lacks the DJ overlays often accompanied by mixtapes which makes the CD read more like an album. The album sold 16,000 copies in its first week of release, debuting at No. 113 on the Billboard 200.[12] Sparking some controversy, on Right About Now Kweli sampled Ben Kweller's "In Other Words" for his own song "Ms. Hill". In part seven of Kweller's video podcast series "One Minute Pop Song", Kweller said he found Kweli's use of the song "a little fucked up" due to the fact that it was sampled without permission.[13] In a similar incident, Kweli reacted with outrage on Twitter when a verse from "Fly Away" was sampled in Peter Andre's track of the same name. Kweli stated, "I protect the integrity of my music like a grizzly protects cubs. Woe to those who actively stand in the way of that."[14] Kweli has not publicly addressed his unauthorized use of Kweller's "In Other Words".[citation needed ]
    • Talib Kweli performing in Brooklyn in 2008
    • In 2006, Kweli signed a distribution deal with Warner Bros. Records for Blacksmith Records.[15] Warner Brothers launched an online community via Second Life for Kweli.[16] In January, Kweli was featured in a commercial for the NCAA's Big Ten Conference, rapping about the league's basketball teams.[17] In February 2006, Kweli provided the voice of the protagonist in the graffiti-themed video game Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure.[18] In October 2006, Kweli performed on MTV's Wild 'N Out, hosted by Nick Cannon.[19]
    • On December 31, 2006, Kweli released nine songs he recorded with underground producer Madlib for free download in conjunction with the web site for Stones Throw Records, the label to which Madlib is signed.[20][21] The album was entitled Liberation, of which Kweli states in an interview with XXL Magazine that releasing the album was liberating to him.
    • In 2007, the album was made available for purchase.[citation needed ] In 2007 Kweli signed rapper Jean Grae[22][23] and the group Strong Arm Steady to Blacksmith Records.[24] Also in 2007, Kweli released his third solo album, Eardrum, on August 21. It debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200. The first single was "Listen!!!".[25] ''The Perfect Beat" is a song on Eardrum that featured KRS-One and it "Do It Twice" by Bob Marley and the Wailers, which is a drum beat from Paul Douglas.[26][27] Kweli embarked on a national Australian tour in October, 2007. Eardrum, which featured a mix of mainstream and underground producers like Kanye West, Just Blaze, will.i.am, Nick Speed and Pete Rock,[citation needed ] received generally favorable reviews[28] and went on to sell 129,000 copies after four weeks.[29] Also in 2007, Kweli released a mixtape, entitled Focus.[citation needed ] October saw Kweli play one of China's earliest music festivals, the Yue Festival, organised by Split Works, alongside Faithless and Ozomatli.[30]
    • In March 2008, Kweli was featured on MTV's TV show Made as the coach of Colin Colt, a young man who wanted to be made into a rap star.[31] Also in March, Kweli released his Hostile Gospel video which appeared as the "New Joint of the Day" on BET's 106 & Park.[32] Kweli was a featured artist on the 9th Wonder and Buckshot album The Formula, released on April 29, 2008 (on the track "Hold It Down").[citation needed ] Kweli's Blacksmith Records split with Warner Bros. Records in December 2008. Kweli confirmed to AllHipHop.com that Warner Bros. would still distribute Reflection Eternal and Kweli projects, but not other acts on the Blacksmith label.[15][33][34] Kweli was featured at the fifth installment of Hot 97 radio personality Peter Rosenberg's acclaimed live interview series "Noisemakers with Peter Rosenberg" on October 21, 2009.[35] Kweli recorded a mixtape entitled Party Robot with singer Res and musician Graph Nobel under the group alias Idle Warship.[36] The mixtape was released as a free download on the website for Kweli's label Blacksmith with two different cover art options in late 2009.[37] There were videos shot for two of the songs from the album: "Bedroom Lights" and "Black Snake Moan".[38][39]
    • In February 2009 it was announced that Kweli would be featured in the graphic novel-turned-animated series Blokhedz on Missiong.com, voicing the lead part of the character Blak.[40][41] Additionally, Kweli is a spokesperson and mentor for P'Tones Records a non-profit after school music program which mission is "to create constructive opportunities for urban youth through no-cost music programs."[42]
    • Kweli and DJ Hi-Tek released a second Reflection Eternal album titled Revolutions Per Minute on May 18, 2010. Revolutions per Minute was recorded at Electric Lady Studios. It is their second album after a 10-year hiatus. The album received generally positive reviews from most music critics, based on an aggregate score of 80/100 from Metacritic.[43]
    • Javotti Media (2010''present) [ edit ] Gutter Rainbows, Kweli's fourth solo album, was the first to be released by newly formed Javotti Media. The album was originally intended to be released in only a digital format. However, on November 16, 2010, Duck Down Records announced its plans to offer Gutter Rainbows a CD release outside US.[44] This will include an import edition and a special edition with extras.[45] In its first week, the album sold 13,900 copies in the United States.[46] In December 2010, Kweli appeared with Darryl McDaniels, Mix Master Mike and Ahmet Zappa on a cover of Frank Zappa's "Willie the Pimp" for The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAA Birthday Bundle 2010.
    • In 2011, Kweli was featured on the soundtrack for the film Beat the World with the song "Infinite Love".[47]
    • Kweli's fifth solo album, Prisoner of Conscious, a title derived from Kweli's constant labeling as a "conscious rapper" and based on Nigerian reggae artist Majek Fashek's album Prisoner of Conscience. Before the release of "Rainbows", Kweli began working on "Prisoner", and put cuts originally intended for "Conscious" on "Rainbows". He also confirmed that he will reunite with Madlib to offer Liberation 2. Upon its May 7, 2013 release Prisoner of Conscious was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics, and debuted at number 48 on the Billboard 200 chart.[49] The album feature appearances from Nelly, Miguel, Currensy, Kendrick Lamar, and Busta Rhymes. With production by RZA, J. Cole, Oh No, Harry Fraud, and others. The selection of the tracks on this album were more experimental and worked towards illuminating musicality. Kweli went on to release music videos for "Hamster Wheel", "Upper Echelon", and "Come Here" and more.
    • Shortly after in August 2013, Kweli announced that in 2014 he will release his next studio album, Gravitas which will contain production from Q-Tip.[50] The album included guest appearances from Raekwon, Black Thought, and The Under Achievers with production by OhNo, Statik Selektah, and J Dilla.
    • In November 2016, he released a compilation mixtape with to promote Javotti Media's developing artists, Awful People Are Great at Parties.[51]
    • 2017 saw two releases from Kweli; The Seven,[52] a joint effort with Styles P of The Lox in April and his eighth solo album, Radio Silence in November.[53]
    • Javotti Media [ edit ] In 2011, Kweli founded Javotti Media, an independent label. Signed artists include Cory Mo, Space Invadaz (Speed Charles Walton III and Donte the Gr8 of MOOD), Jessica Care Moore, K'Valentine and Brazilian MC Niko Is.[54]
    • Incidents [ edit ] In 2010, Talib Kweli and his wife were reportedly kicked out of Club SNAP in New York City for physically fighting each other.[55]
    • In 2015, Kweli was reportedly punched and kicked by two men while visiting Copenhagen in what he described as a racially motivated attack.[56]
    • In 2018, Talib Kweli's former rap protege Res accused him of sexual harassement. Res posted screenshots of Talib apologizing for attempting to kiss her to her Instagram account. She also claimed Kweli held her career hostage for rejecting his sexual advances. Kweli filed a lawsuit against her, alleging that the allegations were false and she was attempting to weaponize the Me Too movement against him.[57]
    • On February 2nd, 2019, Kweli was filmed dropkicking a fan while preforming on stage in Salt Lake City, Utah.[58]
    • Politics and activism [ edit ] Views [ edit ] Kweli is known for his strong political views and activism, including on the topics of racial stereotypes and police brutality. Kweli has stated that he would focus on the prison''industrial complex if money was not a problem.[59]
    • He is an advocate on behalf of political prisoners and a supporter of community organizations like the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. He has spoken often to inner-city high schoolers and college students.[60]
    • Kweli urged people to ask hip-hop artists questions in order to engage them politically, but warned not to get frustrated if artists do not "give you what you want" in their replies. He said that music artists bear an unfair burden to use their music as a platform because they have the ability to influence more people. Kweli mentions that artists, just like their audience, fall victim to their upbringing.[61] In 2017, rapper Remedy and Kweli feuded on Twitter regarding Remedy's pro-Israel political stance, which conflicts with Kweli's criticism of Israel's occupation of Palestine, and his criticism of Zionism.[62]
    • In an interview with The Huffington Post, Kweli stated that young people are the only people that can make a difference because they have the energy to actually go out to the public and do something. However, he stated his belief that activism cannot be done by just sitting at a computer.[63]
    • In 2018, Kweli attacked President Trump's border wall plans by comparing them to the building of the Berlin Wall, which he mistakenly claimed was built by Nazis.[64]
    • On 1 June 2019, due to his support for the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement, Kweli was disinvited from the Open Source Festival in D¼sseldorf and his tour of Germany was cancelled; the German parliament had recently passed a motion labelling BDS as antisemitic.[65] More than 100 people signed an open letter to The Guardian condemning this action.[66] Kweli responded to this on his Facebook page, where he stated, "I would like to perform in Germany but I don't need to. I'd rather be a decent human being and stand up for what's right than censor myself and lie about BDS for a check."[67]
    • Activism [ edit ] Along with Mos Def, Kweli organized the Hip Hop for Respect CD and video in 2000, which spoke out against police brutality and specifically about the death of Amadou Diallo at the hands of New York City police. Profits from the CD were given to the Hip Hop For Respect Foundation, a nonprofit organization that encouraged celebrities to become involved with their fans. The Hip Hop For Respect contained 41 different artists for each shot that the police took at Diallo.[68]
    • In May 2005, Kweli and Mos Def gathered with supporters at City Hall to demand that the federal government drop the million dollar bounty that was placed on political activist Assata Shakur's head and remove her from the terrorist watch list.[69]
    • Kweli visited the Occupy Wall Street camp in October 2011 to show support for the protestors.[70]
    • On October 1, 2012, Kweli spoke at a rally at city hall to urge the NYPD police to end their stop-and-frisk policy.[71]
    • On August 7, 2013, Kweli traveled to Tallahassee to spend a night in the capital building with the Dream Defenders, a group of students that created a sit-in at the Florida governor's office to protest the state's stand-your-ground law.[72]
    • On August 19, 2014, Kweli traveled to Ferguson, Missouri, to join the community in protesting the shooting of Michael Brown.[73]
    • Kweli joined South African artist Cassper Nyovest on a new remix of his single "Doc Shebeleza", a tribute to the Kwaito music icon of the same name. The original appeared on Nyovest's album Tsholofelo. The remix was produced by Anatii and was released on November 3, 2014, as a free digital download.[74]
    • In 2015, Kweli held two concerts to mark the one year anniversary of Michael Brown's death. The line up for the benefit show "Ferguson is Everywhere" featured Common, Bun B, M1 from Dead Prez, Rapsody, Tef Poe, Kendra Ross, Rebel Diaz, Jasiri X, Immortal Technique, and Pharoahe Monch.<ref>Diep, Eric (August 9, 2015). "Talib Kweli, Common, Bun B And More Are Performing a Free Show in St. Louis for Michael Brown". Complex . Retrieved August 11, 2018 . </ref
    • Discography [ edit ] Solo albums [ edit ] Quality (2002)The Beautiful Struggle (2004)Eardrum (2007)Gutter Rainbows (2011)Prisoner of Conscious (2013)Gravitas (2013)Fuck the Money (2015)Radio Silence (2017)Collaboration albums [ edit ] Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star (with Mos Def as Black Star) (1998)Train of Thought (with Hi-Tek as Reflection Eternal) (2000)Liberation (with Madlib) (2007)Revolutions Per Minute (with Hi-Tek as Reflection Eternal) (2010)Habits of the Heart (with Res as Idle Warship) (2011)Indie 500 (with 9th Wonder) (2015)The Seven (with Styles P) (2017)References [ edit ] ^ Rott, Ivan. "Talib Kweli" . Retrieved December 27, 2008 . ^ "Jamal Greene". Columbia Law School . Retrieved October 24, 2018 . ^ "Talib Kweli Biography". musicianguide.com Musician Biographies . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Westlund, Joshua (October 14, 1998). "Black Star: Black Star". City Pages. Archived from the original on September 29, 2010 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Stewart, Allison (February 4, 2011). "You might not know Talib Kweli, but you should". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 17, 2011 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ a b AllMusic chart history ^ "About " Red Hot" . Retrieved March 9, 2015 . ^ "Red Hot + Riot [2002] " Red Hot" . Retrieved March 9, 2015 . ^ a b Jason Birchmeier. "Talib Kweli '' Awards '' AllMusic". AllMusic . Retrieved March 9, 2015 . ^ "Talib Kweli, Selling Himself Short" . Retrieved March 9, 2015 . ^ Robson, Britt (November 27, 2005). "Talib Kweli, Selling Himself Short". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Harris, Chris (November 30, 2005). "System of a Down Make It A Double With Chart-Topping Hypnotize". MTV . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "One Minute Pop Song by Ben Kweller". YouTube. September 11, 2006 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Talib Kweli gets riled up about stolen verse, forgets that time he stole a verse". TheMusicNetwork.com. October 16, 2012 . Retrieved October 16, 2012 . ^ a b "Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Music Splits With Warner Bros". Okayplayer. December 30, 2008 . Retrieved February 6, 2011 . ^ "Warner Bros. Records/Blacksmith Launches Virtual Community for Talib Kweli". DjBooth.net. October 31, 2006 . Retrieved February 6, 2011 . ^ "Power Rankings: Michigan St. Spartans (11''2)". Sports Illustrated. January 6, 2006 . Retrieved June 11, 2012 . ^ Saltzman, Marc (February 24, 2006). "Review:Graffiti game fresh and fun". CNN . Retrieved June 11, 2012 . ^ "Nick Cannon Presents: Wild 'N Out " After Shows". MTV. October 5, 2006 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Stones Throw 10 Year Anniversary Tour". SF Station. October 19, 2006. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Madlib at Stones Throw". Stones Throw Records . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Chinen, Nate (December 1, 2008). "A Hip-Hop Classicist Defies Her Meager Turnout". New York Times . Retrieved June 11, 2012 . ^ Clark, Kevin (November 14, 2005). "Jean Grae: The Jeanius". Hip Hop DX . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Artists". Year of the Blacksmith (TalibKweli.com). Archived from the original on January 16, 2011 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Big Dog Status by Thomas Golianopoulos. XXL Magazine. January 2008. Page 82. ^ Moskowitz, David V. "Rebel Music, 1970''1975." The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. 23. Google. Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. Web. <https://books.google.com/books?id=QPZEqZHKq2AC&q=Beverley%27s+All-Stars#v=snippet&q=Beverley's%20All-Stars&f=false>. Retrieved Dec. 4 2016. ^ Talib Kweli feat. KRS-One, The Perfect Beat. Web. WhoSampled.com. <http://www.whosampled.com/sample/4567/Talib-Kweli-KRS-One-The-Perfect-Beat-Bob-Marley-The-Wailers-Do-It-Twice/> Retrieved Dec. 4 2016. ^ "Eardrum at Metacritic". Metacritic . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Ewing, Aliya (September 26, 2007). "Hip Hop Album Sales: Week Ending 9/23/07". Hip Hop DX . Retrieved February 4, 2011 . ^ Spli-t.com Archived April 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine 2007. Retrieved on 2012-15-08 ^ "MADE (Season 8) | Ep. 13 Rapper: Colin". MTV. March 19, 2008 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "BET's 106 & Park Countdown". Countdown.com . Retrieved March 22, 2015 . ^ Saint Louis, Tai (December 29, 2008). "Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Music Splits With Warner Bros". AllHipHop.com . Retrieved February 6, 2011 . ^ Ortiz, Edwin (December 30, 2008). "Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Label Splits with Warner Brothers Records". Hip Hop DX . Retrieved February 6, 2011 . ^ "Talib Kweli Reflects on Career at Noisemakers Event (With Exclusive Video)". XXL Magazine. October 22, 2009. ^ Langhorne, Cyrus (February 11, 2009). "Talib Kweli gives "Reflection Eternal II" UPDATE". Souls of Hip-Hop . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ Ortiz, Edwin (November 19, 2009). "DX News Bits: Eternia, Idle Warship". Hip Hop DX . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Talib Kweli's Idle Warship '' Bedroom lights". Rothstein.com. December 8, 2009. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Idle Warship (Talib Kweli + Res)". Hip Hop DX. November 26, 2008 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "We're on a Mission, G." Blokhedz.TV. February 2, 2009. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "DJ Khalil + Talib Kweli working on Blokhedz ACT II". Vimeo. August 19, 2009 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "P Tones Records '' Spokespersons". P Tones Records. Archived from the original on December 24, 2010 . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ "Revolutions per Minute (2010): Reviews". Metacritic . Retrieved February 5, 2011 . ^ J-23. "Talib Kweli To Release "Gutter Rainbows" On January 25, 2011". Hip Hop DX. Archived from the original on August 13, 2012 . Retrieved February 4, 2011 . ^ Rodriguez, Jayson. "Talib Kweli Talks Gutter Rainbows: 'The Music Industry Doesn't Exist ' ". MTV . Retrieved February 4, 2011 . ^ "Nicki Minaj Surpasses Kanye in Overall Sales". XXL Magazine. February 2, 2011 . Retrieved February 4, 2011 . ^ "iTunes '' Music '' Beat the World (The Original Soundtrack) by Various Artists". iTunes . Retrieved March 9, 2015 . ^ "Hip Hop Album Sales: The Week Ending 5/12/2013". HipHopDX . Retrieved May 14, 2013 . ^ "Talib Kweli Working With Q-Tip On New Album '' XXL". XXL Mag. ^ Schwartz, Danny (November 3, 2016). "Talib Kweli releases Awful People Are Great at Parties". Hotnewhiphop . Retrieved November 3, 2016 . ^ "Talib Kweli & Styles P '' The Seven [Album Stream]". HotNewHipHop . Retrieved November 29, 2017 . ^ "Talib Kweli: Radio Silence Album Review | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com . Retrieved November 29, 2017 . ^ "Javotti Media". www.javottimedia.com . Retrieved October 26, 2018 . ^ Concepcion, Mariel. "Talib Kweli Kicked Out Of Party For Fighting With Wife". ^ Cremer, Justin. "Hip-hop star Talib Kweli assaulted in Copenhagen". ^ Kreps, Daniel. "Talib Kweli Faces Sexual Harassment Accusations From Former Prot(C)g(C) Res". ^ Diddy, Shay. "Rapper Talib Kweli Drop Kicks Disrespectful Fan During Performance!". ^ "Talib Kweli". Fishrr . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Melissa Locker (June 19, 2013). "Talib Kweli". Time . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Jeff Chang (October 2005). "An Uplifting Voice of Hip-Hop". Progressive Magazine. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013 . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Kestenbaum, Sam (August 30, 2016). "The Jewish Rapper With Wu-Tang Ties '-- and His Nasty Twitter Beef Over Israel". The Forward . Retrieved February 27, 2018 . ^ Seamus McKiernan (June 1, 2012). "Talib Kweli". The Huffington Post . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Fredericson, Colin (December 26, 2018). "Rapper Talib Kweli Compares US Border Wall Plans to 'Nazis' who built the Berlin Wall". Ntd.com . Retrieved March 29, 2020 . ^ Holstein, Philipp. "Interview Philipp Maiburg: Festival-Chef reagiert auf Israel-Kritik". RP ONLINE (in German) . Retrieved July 8, 2019 . ^ Letters (July 2, 2019). "Talib Kweli's removal from festival lineup is part of anti-Palestinian censorship trend | Letter". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved July 8, 2019 . ^ Nassar, Tamara (June 7, 2019). "Rapper Talib Kweli rejects German demand to denounce Israel boycott". The Electronic Intifada . Retrieved July 8, 2019 . ^ Yvonne Bynoe (2004). Stand and Deliver: Political Activism, Leadership, and Hip Hop Culture. Soft Skull. ISBN 978-1932360103. ^ Hillary Crosley (May 25, 2005). "Talib Kweli fight Activist". Viacom International . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Eric Sundermann (October 7, 2011). "Talib Kweli at Occupy Wall Street". Jann S. Wenner . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Kelly Virella (October 1, 2012). "Talib Kweli Speaks out against Stop and Frisk". Dominion of New York . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ AJ Vicens (August 26, 2013). "Interview Talib Kweli". Mother Jones . Retrieved October 15, 2013 . ^ Eric Diep (August 18, 2014). "10 Reasons Why Talib Kweli Is Going To Ferguson". XXL Magazine . Retrieved August 20, 2014 . ^ "Cassper Nyovest ft. Talib Kweli '' Doc Shebeleza (Remix)". Not Just Ok. November 3, 2014 . Retrieved November 4, 2014 . External links [ edit ] Official website
  • Dream Defenders '-- Donate via AB Charities
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 15:29
    •  
    • We are an uprising of rebellious youth fighting for our freedom.
    • We are the ones to shape our collective destinies.
    • We are the next generation of revolutionaries.
    • Let's shape the future together.
    • Join a Dream Defenders Squadd.
    • We have squadds all over Florida in Miami, Broward, Orlando, Daytona (not Sanford), Pensacola, Tallahassee, Gainesville, Tampa and St Petersburg. Squadds are the organizing body of Dream Defenders. If you live outside of Florida, you can join us as an at large member and meet us online!
    • As a revolutionary organization, we ask that all of our squadd members to pay membership dues in order to fuel our work. Our movement will be funded by the people.
    • Once you submit your information, we'll send you more information on your membership!
  • Paul Robeson - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:59
    •  
    • This article is about the singer and activist. For his son, see
    • Paul Robeson Jr.American singer, actor, and political activist
    • Paul Robeson
    • BornPaul Leroy Robeson
    • ( 1898-04-09 ) April 9, 1898DiedJanuary 23, 1976 (1976-01-23) (aged 77)EducationRutgers University, New Brunswick (Bachelor of Arts)New York UniversityColumbia University (LLB)
    • University of LondonOccupationSinger, actor, social activist, lawyer, athlete Spouse(s) ChildrenPaul Robeson Jr.Paul Leroy Robeson ( ROHB -sÉn;[1][2] April 9, 1898 '' January 23, 1976) was an American bass baritone concert artist and stage and film actor who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political activism. Educated at Rutgers College and Columbia University, he was also a star athlete in his youth. He also studied Swahili and linguistics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London in 1934.[3] His political activities began with his involvement with unemployed workers and anti-imperialist students whom he met in Britain and continued with support for the Loyalist cause in the Spanish Civil War and his opposition to fascism. In the United States he also became active in the Civil Rights Movement and other social justice campaigns. His sympathies for the Soviet Union and for communism, and his criticism of the United States government and its foreign policies, caused him to be blacklisted during the McCarthy era.
    • In 1915, Robeson won an academic scholarship to Rutgers College, where he was twice named a consensus All-American in football, and was the class valedictorian. Almost 80 years later, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He received his LL.B. from Columbia Law School while playing in the National Football League (NFL). At Columbia, he sang and acted in off-campus productions. After graduating, he became a figure in the Harlem Renaissance with performances in The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings.
    • Between 1925 and 1961, Robeson recorded and released some 276 distinct songs, many of which were recorded several times. The first of these were the spirituals "Steal Away" backed with "Were You There" in 1925. Robeson's recorded repertoire spanned many styles, including Americana, popular standards, classical music, European folk songs, political songs, poetry and spoken excerpts from plays.[4]
    • Robeson performed in Britain in a touring melodrama, Voodoo, in 1922, and in Emperor Jones in 1925, and scored a major success in the London premiere of Show Boat in 1928, settling in London for several years with his wife Eslanda. While continuing to establish himself as a concert artist, Robeson also starred in a London production of Othello, the first of three productions of the play over the course of his career. He also gained attention in the film production of Show Boat (1936) and other films such as Sanders of the River (1935) and The Proud Valley (1940). During this period, Robeson became increasingly attuned to the sufferings of people of other cultures, notably the British working class and the colonized peoples of the British Empire. He advocated for Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War and became active in the Council on African Affairs (CAA).
    • Returning to the United States in 1939, during World War II Robeson supported the American and Allied war efforts. However, his history of supporting civil rights causes and pro-Soviet policies brought scrutiny from the FBI. After the war ended, the CAA was placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations and Robeson was investigated during the age of McCarthyism. Due to his decision not to recant his public advocacy, he was denied a passport by the U.S. State Department, and his income, consequently, plummeted. He moved to Harlem and from 1950 to 1955 published a periodical called Freedom which was critical of United States policies. His right to travel was eventually restored as a result of the 1958 United States Supreme Court decision, Kent v. Dulles. In the early 1960s he retired and lived the remaining years of his life privately in Philadelphia.
    • Early life [ edit ] 1898''1915: Childhood [ edit ] Paul Leroy Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1898, to Reverend William Drew Robeson and Maria Louisa Bustill.[6] His mother, Maria, was from a prominent Quaker family of mixed ancestry.[7] His father, William, was of Igbo origin and was born into slavery,[8][9] William escaped from a plantation in his teens[10] and eventually became the minister of Princeton's Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in 1881.[11] Robeson had three brothers: William Drew Jr. (born 1881), Reeve (born c. 1887), and Ben (born c. 1893); and one sister, Marian (born c. 1895).[12]
    • In 1900, a disagreement between William and white financial supporters of Witherspoon arose with apparent racial undertones,[13] which were prevalent in Princeton.[14] William, who had the support of his entirely black congregation, resigned in 1901.[15] The loss of his position forced him to work menial jobs.[16] Three years later when Robeson was six, his mother, who was nearly blind, died in a house fire.[17] Eventually, William became financially incapable of providing a house for himself and his children still living at home, Ben and Paul, so they moved into the attic of a store in Westfield, New Jersey.[18]
    • William found a stable parsonage at the St. Thomas A.M.E. Zion in 1910,[19] where Robeson filled in for his father during sermons when he was called away.[20] In 1912, Robeson attended Somerville High School in Somerville, New Jersey,[21] where he performed in Julius Caesar and Othello, sang in the chorus, and excelled in football, basketball, baseball and track.[22] His athletic dominance elicited racial taunts which he ignored.[23] Prior to his graduation, he won a statewide academic contest for a scholarship to Rutgers and was named class valedictorian.[24] He took a summer job as a waiter in Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, where he befriended Fritz Pollard, later to be the first African-American coach in the National Football League.[25]
    • 1915''1919: Rutgers College [ edit ] In late 1915, Robeson became the third African-American student ever enrolled at Rutgers, and the only one at the time.[26] He tried out for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team,[27] and his resolve to make the squad was tested as his teammates engaged in excessive play, during which his nose was broken and his shoulder dislocated.[28] The coach, Foster Sanford, decided he had overcome the provocation and announced that he had made the team.[29]
    • Robeson joined the debating team[30] and sang off-campus for spending money,[31] and on-campus with the Glee Club informally, as membership required attending all-white mixers.[32] He also joined the other collegiate athletic teams.[33] As a sophomore, amidst Rutgers' sesquicentennial celebration, he was benched when a Southern team refused to take the field because the Scarlet Knights had fielded a Negro, Robeson.[34]
    • After a standout junior year of football,[35] he was recognized in The Crisis for his athletic, academic, and singing talents.[36] At this time his father fell grievously ill.[38] Robeson took the sole responsibility in caring for him, shuttling between Rutgers and Somerville. His father, who was the "glory of his boyhood years" soon died, and at Rutgers, Robeson expounded on the incongruity of African Americans fighting to protect America in World War I but, contemporaneously, being without the same opportunities in the United States as whites.[41]
    • Robeson (far left) was Rutgers University Class of 1919 and one of four students selected into
    • Cap and SkullHe finished university with four annual oratorical triumphs[42] and varsity letters in multiple sports.[43] His play at end[44] won him first-team All-American selection, in both his junior and senior years. Walter Camp considered him the greatest end ever.[45] Academically, he was accepted into Phi Beta Kappa[46] and Cap and Skull.[47] His classmates recognized him[48] by electing him class valedictorian.[49] The Daily Targum published a poem featuring his achievements.[50] In his valedictory speech, he exhorted his classmates to work for equality for all Americans.[51]
    • 1919''1923: Columbia Law School and marriage [ edit ] Robeson entered New York University School of Law in fall 1919.[52] To support himself, he became an assistant football coach at Lincoln,[53] where he joined the Alpha Phi Alpha.[54] However, Robeson felt uncomfortable at NYU and moved to Harlem and transferred to Columbia Law School in February 1920.[56] Already known in the black community for his singing,[57] he was selected to perform at the dedication of the Harlem YWCA.[58]
    • Robeson began dating Eslanda "Essie" Goode[59] and after her coaxing, he gave his theatrical debut as Simon in Ridgely Torrence's Simon of Cyrene.[61] After a year of courtship, they were married in August 1921.[62]
    • Robeson was recruited by Pollard to play for the NFL's Akron Pros while he continued his law studies.[63] In the spring, Robeson postponed school to portray Jim in Mary Hoyt Wiborg's play Taboo.[65] He then sang in a chorus in an Off-Broadway production of Shuffle Along[66] before he joined Taboo in Britain.[67] The play was adapted by Mrs. Patrick Campbell to highlight his singing.[68] After the play ended, he befriended Lawrence Brown,[69] a classically trained musician, before returning to Columbia while playing for the NFL's Milwaukee Badgers.[71] He ended his football career after 1922,[72] and months later, he graduated from law school.[73]
    • Theatrical success and ideological transformation [ edit ] 1923''1927: Harlem Renaissance [ edit ] Robeson worked briefly as a lawyer, but he renounced a career in law due to widespread racism.[74] Essie financially supported them and they frequented the social functions at the future Schomburg Center.[75] In December 1924 he landed the lead role of Jim in Eugene O'Neill's All God's Chillun Got Wings,[76] which culminated with Jim metaphorically consummating his marriage with his white wife by symbolically emasculating himself. Chillun's opening was postponed due to nationwide controversy over its plot.[77]
    • Chillun's delay led to a revival of The Emperor Jones with Robeson as Brutus, a role pioneered by Charles Sidney Gilpin.[78] The role terrified and galvanized Robeson, as it was practically a 90-minute soliloquy. Reviews declared him an unequivocal success.[80] Though arguably clouded by its controversial subject, his Jim in Chillun was less well received.[81] He deflected criticism of its plot by writing that fate had drawn him to the "untrodden path" of drama and the true measure of a culture is in its artistic contributions, and the only true American culture was African-American.[82]
    • The success of his acting placed him in elite social circles[83] and his ascension to fame, which was forcefully aided by Essie,[84] had occurred at a startling pace. Essie's ambition for Robeson was a startling dichotomy to his indifference.[86] She quit her job, became his agent, and negotiated his first movie role in a silent race film directed by Oscar Micheaux, Body and Soul (1925).[87] To support a charity for single mothers, he headlined a concert singing spirituals.[88] He performed his repertoire of spirituals on the radio.[89]
    • Lawrence Brown, who had become renowned while touring as a pianist with gospel singer Roland Hayes, stumbled upon Robeson in Harlem.[90] The two ad-libbed a set of spirituals, with Robeson as lead and Brown as accompanist. This so enthralled them that they booked Provincetown Playhouse for a concert.[91] The pair's rendition of African-American folk songs and spirituals was captivating,[92] and Victor Records signed Robeson to a contract.[93]
    • The Robesons went to London for a revival of The Emperor Jones, before spending the rest of the fall on holiday on the French Riviera, socializing with Gertrude Stein and Claude McKay.[94] Robeson and Brown performed a series of concert tours in America from January 1926 until May 1927.[95]
    • During a hiatus in New York, Robeson learned that Essie was several months pregnant.[96] Paul Robeson Jr. was born in November 1927 in New York, while Robeson and Brown toured Europe.[97] Essie experienced complications from the birth,[98] and by mid-December, her health had deteriorated dramatically. Ignoring Essie's objections, her mother wired Robeson and he immediately returned to her bedside.[99] Essie completely recovered after a few months.[citation needed ]
    • 1928''1932: Show Boat, Othello, and marriage difficulties [ edit ] In 1928, Robeson played "Joe" in the London production of the American musical Show Boat, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.[100] His rendition of "Ol' Man River" became the benchmark for all future performers of the song. Some black critics were not pleased with the play due to its usage of the word "nigger".[102] It was, nonetheless, immensely popular with white audiences.[103] He was summoned for a Royal Command Performance at Buckingham Palace[104] and Robeson was befriended by MPs from the House of Commons.[105] Show Boat continued for 350 performances and, as of 2001, it remained the Royal's most profitable venture. The Robesons bought a home in Hampstead.[106] He reflected on his life in his diary and wrote that it was all part of a "higher plan" and "God watches over me and guides me. He's with me and lets me fight my own battles and hopes I'll win." However, an incident at the Savoy Grill, in which he was refused seating, sparked him to issue a press release describing the insult which subsequently became a matter of public debate.
    • Essie had learned early in their marriage that Robeson had been involved in extramarital affairs, but she tolerated them.[109] However, when she discovered that he was having another affair, she unfavorably altered the characterization of him in his biography, and defamed him by describing him with "negative racial stereotypes".[111] Despite her uncovering of this tryst, there was no public evidence that their relationship had soured.[112]
    • The couple appeared in the experimental Swiss film Borderline (1930).[113] He then returned to the Savoy Theatre, in London's West End to play Othello, opposite Peggy Ashcroft as Desdemona.[114] Robeson was the first black actor to play Othello in Britain since Ira Aldridge.[115] The production received mixed reviews which noted Robeson's "highly civilized quality [but lacking the] grand style."[116] Robeson stated the best way to diminish the oppression African Americans faced was for his artistic work to be an example of what "men of my colour" could accomplish rather than to "be a propagandist and make speeches and write articles about what they call the Colour Question."[117]
    • After Essie discovered Robeson had been having an affair with Ashcroft, she decided to seek a divorce and they split up.[118] Robeson returned to Broadway as Joe in the 1932 revival of Show Boat, to critical and popular acclaim.[119] Subsequently, he received, with immense pride, an honorary master's degree from Rutgers.[120] Thereabout, his former football coach, Foster Sanford, advised him that divorcing Essie and marrying Ashcroft would do irreparable damage to his reputation.[121] Ashcroft and Robeson's relationship ended in 1932,[122] following which Robeson and Essie reconciled, although their relationship was scarred permanently.[123]
    • 1933''1937: Ideological awakening [ edit ] In 1933, Robeson played the role of Jim in the London production of Chillun, virtually gratis,[124] then returned to the United States to star as Brutus in the film The Emperor Jones, "a feat not repeated for more than two decades in the U.S."[126][clarification needed ] His acting in The Emperor Jones'--the first film to feature an African American in a starring role'--was well received.[126] On the film set he rejected any slight to his dignity, despite the widespread Jim Crow atmosphere in the United States.[127] Upon returning to England he publicly criticized African Americans' rejection of their own culture.[128] Despite negative reactions from the press, such as a New York Amsterdam News retort that Robeson had made a "jolly well [ass of himself]", he also announced that he would reject any offers to perform European opera because the music had no connection to his heritage.
    • In early 1934 Robeson enrolled in the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), a constituent college of the University of London, where he studied Phonetics, Swahili and other African languages.[131] His "sudden interest" in African history and its impact on culture[132] coincided with his essay "I Want to be African", wherein he wrote of his desire to embrace his ancestry.
    • His friends in the anti-imperialism movement and association with British socialists led him to visit the Soviet Union. Robeson, Essie, and Marie Seton traveled to the Soviet Union on an invitation from Sergei Eisenstein in December 1934. A stopover in Berlin enlightened Robeson to the racism in Nazi Germany[135] and, on his arrival in Moscow, in the Soviet Union, Robeson said, "Here I am not a Negro but a human being for the first time in my life ... I walk in full human dignity."[136] Waldemar ("Wally") Hille, who subsequently went on to do arrangements on the People's Songs Bulletin, got his start as an early touring pianist for Robeson.
    • He undertook the role of Bosambo in the movie Sanders of the River (1935), which he felt would render a realistic view of colonial African culture. Sanders of the River made Robeson an international movie star; but the stereotypical portrayal of a colonial African[139] was seen as embarrassing to his stature as an artist[140] and damaging to his reputation.[141] The Commissioner of Nigeria to London protested the film as slanderous to his country, and Robeson thereafter became more politically conscious of his roles.[143] He appeared in the play Stevedore at the Embassy Theatre in London in May 1935,[144] which was favorably reviewed in The Crisis by Nancy Cunard, who concluded: "Stevedore is extremely valuable in the racial''social question'--it is straight from the shoulder".[145] In early 1936, he decided to send his son to school in the Soviet Union to shield him from racist attitudes. He then played the role of Toussaint Louverture in the eponymous play by C.L.R. James at the Westminster Theatre, and appeared in the films Song of Freedom,[148] Show Boat (both 1936),[149] My Song Goes Forth,[150] King Solomon's Mines.[151] and was the narrator of the documentary Big Fella (all 1937).[152] In 1938, he was named by American Motion Picture Herald as the 10th most popular star in British cinema.[153]
    • 1937''1939: Spanish Civil War and political activism [ edit ] Robeson believed that the struggle against fascism during the Spanish Civil War was a turning point in his life and transformed him into a political activist.[154] In 1937, he used his concert performances to advocate the Republican cause and the war's refugees.[155] He permanently modified his renditions of "Ol' Man River" '' initially, by singing the word "darkies" instead of "niggers"; later, by changing some of the stereotypical dialect in the lyrics to standard English and replacing the fatalistic last verse ("Ah gits weary/ An' sick of tryin'/ Ah'm tired of livin'/ An skeered of dyin'") with an uplifting verse of his own ("But I keep laffin'/ Instead of cryin'/ I must keep fightin'/ Until I'm dyin'") '' transforming it from a tragic "song of resignation with a hint of protest implied" into a battle hymn of unwavering defiance.[156] His business agent expressed concern about his political involvement, but Robeson overruled him and decided that contemporary events trumped commercialism.[158] In Wales,[159] he commemorated the Welsh people killed while fighting for the Republicans, where he recorded a message that became his epitaph: "The artist must take sides. He must elect to fight for freedom or slavery. I have made my choice. I had no alternative."[161]
    • After an invitation from J.B.S. Haldane, he traveled to Spain in 1938 because he believed in the International Brigades's cause, visited the hospital of the Benic ssim, singing to the wounded soldiers.[164] Robeson also visited the battlefront[165] and provided a morale boost to the Republicans at a time when their victory was unlikely. Back in England, he hosted Jawaharlal Nehru to support Indian independence, whereat Nehru expounded on imperialism's affiliation with Fascism.[167] Robeson reevaluated the direction of his career and decided to focus on the ordeals of "common people",[168] He appeared in the pro-labor play Plant in the Sun, in which he played an Irishman, his first "white" role.[clarification needed ][169] With Max Yergan, and the CAA, Robeson became an advocate in the aspirations of African nationalists for political independence.[170]
    • Robeson also developed a sympathy for China's side in the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1940, the Chinese progressive activist, Liu Liangmo taught Robeson the patriotic song "Chee Lai!" ("Arise!"), known as the March of the Volunteers. Robeson memorized the words in Chinese.[171] Robeson premiered the song at a large concert in New York City's Lewisohn Stadium[171] and recorded it in both English and Chinese for Keynote Records in early 1941.[172] Its 3-disc album included a booklet whose preface was written by Soong Ching-ling, widow of Sun Yat-sen,[173] Robeson gave further performances at benefits for the China Aid Council and United China Relief at their sold-out concert at Washington's Uline Arena on April 24, 1941.[174] The Washington Committee for Aid to China had booked Constitution Hall but been blocked by the Daughters of the American Revolution owing to Robeson's race. The indignation was great enough that President Roosevelt's wife Eleanor and Hu Shih, the Chinese ambassador, joined as sponsors. However, when the organizers offered tickets on generous terms to the National Negro Congress to help fill the larger venue, these sponsors withdrew, in objection to the NNC's Communist ties.[175]
    • Partly because of the favorable international reputation Robeson gave to the song, it became China's National Anthem after 1949. The Chinese lyricist died in a Beijing prison in 1968, but Robeson continued to send royalties to his family.[173]
    • World War II, the Broadway Othello, political activism, and McCarthyism [ edit ] 1939''1945: World War II and the Broadway Othello [ edit ] Robeson leading Moore Shipyard (Oakland, California) workers in singing the "
    • Star Spangled Banner", September 1942. Robeson, too, was a shipyard worker in World War I.
    • Robeson's last British film was The Proud Valley (1940), set in a Welsh coal-mining town.[176] After the outbreak of World War II, Robeson and his family returned to the United States in 1940, to Enfield, Connecticut, and he became America's "no.1 entertainer"[177] with a radio broadcast of Ballad for Americans. Nevertheless, during a tour in 1940, the Beverly Wilshire Hotel was the only major Los Angeles hotel willing to accommodate him due to his race, at an exorbitant rate and registered under an assumed name, and he therefore dedicated two hours every afternoon to sitting in the lobby, where he was widely recognised, "to ensure that the next time Black[s] come through, they'll have a place to stay." Los Angeles hotels lifted their restrictions on black guests soon afterwards.[179][180]
    • Furthermore, the documentary Native Land (1942), which Robeson narrated, was labeled by the FBI as communist propaganda.[181] After an appearance in Tales of Manhattan (1942), a production that he felt was "very offensive to my people", he announced that he would no longer act in films because of the demeaning roles available to blacks.
    • Robeson participated in benefit concerts on behalf of the war effort and at a concert at the Polo Grounds, he met two emissaries from the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, Solomon Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer Subsequently, Robeson reprised his role of Othello at the Shubert Theatre in 1943,[184] and became the first African American to play the role with a white supporting cast on Broadway. During the same period of time, he addressed a meeting with Kenesaw Mountain Landis in a failed attempt to convince him to admit black players to Major League Baseball. He toured North America with Othello until 1945, and subsequently, his political efforts with the CAA to get colonial powers to discontinue their exploitation of Africa were short-circuited by the United Nations.
    • 1946''1949: Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations [ edit ] After the mass lynching of four African Americans on July 25, 1946, Robeson met with President Truman and admonished Truman by stating that if he did not enact legislation to end lynching, "the Negroes will defend themselves".[189] Truman immediately terminated the meeting and declared that the time was not right to propose anti-lynching legislation. Subsequently, Robeson publicly called upon all Americans to demand that Congress pass civil rights legislation. Taking a stance against lynching, Robeson founded the American Crusade Against Lynching organization in 1946. This organization was thought to be a threat to the NAACP antiviolence movement. Robeson received support from W.E.B. Du Bois regarding this matter and officially launched this organization on the anniversary of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, September 23.
    • About this time, Robeson's belief that trade unionism was crucial to civil rights became a mainstay of his political beliefs as he became a proponent of the union activist Revels Cayton. Robeson was later called before the Tenney Committee where he responded to questions about his affiliation with the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) by testifying that he was not a member of the CPUSA. Nevertheless, two organizations with which Robeson was intimately involved, the Civil Rights Congress (CRC)[194] and the CAA, were placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations (AGLOSO).[196] Subsequently, he was summoned before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, and when questioned about his affiliation with the Communist Party, he refused to answer, stating: "Some of the most brilliant and distinguished Americans are about to go to jail for the failure to answer that question, and I am going to join them, if necessary."[197]
    • In 1948, Robeson was preeminent in Henry A. Wallace's bid for the President of the United States, during which Robeson traveled to the Deep South, at risk to his own life, to campaign for him. In the ensuing year, Robeson was forced to go overseas to work because his concert performances were canceled at the FBI's behest. While on tour, he spoke at the World Peace Council, at which his speech was publicly reported as equating America with a Fascist state[202]'--a depiction that he flatly denied.[203] Nevertheless, the speech publicly attributed to him was a catalyst for his becoming an enemy of mainstream America.[204] Robeson refused to bow to public criticism when he advocated in favor of twelve defendants, including his long-time friend, Benjamin J. Davis Jr., charged during the Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders.[205]
    • Label of a record by Paul Robeson published by Soviet Ministry of Culture
    • Robeson traveled to Moscow in June, and tried to find Itzik Feffer. He let Soviet authorities know that he wanted to see him. Reluctant to lose Robeson as a propagandist for the Soviet Union, the Soviets brought Feffer from prison to him. Feffer told him that Mikhoels had been murdered, and he would be summarily executed. To protect the Soviet Union's reputation, and to keep the right wing of the United States from gaining the moral high ground, Robeson denied that any persecution existed in the Soviet Union, and kept the meeting secret for the rest of his life, except from his son. On June 20, 1949, Robeson spoke at the Paris Peace Congress saying that "We in America do not forget that it was on the backs of the white workers from Europe and on the backs of millions of Blacks that the wealth of America was built. And we are resolved to share it equally. We reject any hysterical raving that urges us to make war on anyone. Our will to fight for peace is strong. We shall not make war on anyone. We shall not make war on the Soviet Union. We oppose those who wish to build up imperialist Germany and to establish fascism in Greece. We wish peace with Franco's Spain despite her fascism. We shall support peace and friendship among all nations, with Soviet Russia and the people's Republics." He was blacklisted for saying this in the mainstream press within the United States, including in many periodicals of the Negro press such as The Crisis.[211]
    • In order to isolate Robeson politically,[212] the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) subpoenaed Jackie Robinson[213] to comment on Robeson's Paris speech.[213] Robinson testified that Robeson's statements, "'if accurately reported', were silly'".[212] Days later, the announcement of a concert headlined by Robeson in New York City provoked the local press to decry the use of their community to support "subversives"[214] and the Peekskill Riots ensued.[215]
    • Later that year, Edward R. Murrow had CBS News colleague Don Hollenbeck contribute to the innovative media-review program CBS Views the Press over the radio network's flagship station WCBS. Hollenbeck discussed Edward U. Condon, Alger Hiss, and Paul Robeson.[216] Regarding Robeson and the Peekskill riots of 27 August 1949, Hollenbeck said that, while most newspapers had covered the riots well, the New York World-Telegram had drawn from sources that disliked Robeson, including The Compass (successor to PM, Hollenbeck's former employer).[216]
    • 1950''1955: Blacklisted [ edit ] A book reviewed in early 1950 as "the most complete record on college football"[217] failed to list Robeson as ever having played on the Rutgers team and as ever having been an All-American.[219] Months later, NBC canceled Robeson's appearance on Eleanor Roosevelt's television program.[220] Subsequently, the State Department denied Robeson a passport and issued a "stop notice" at all ports because it believed that an isolated existence inside United States borders not only afforded him less freedom of expression but also avenge his "extreme advocacy on behalf of the independence of the colonial peoples of Africa." However, when Robeson met with State Department officials and asked why he was denied a passport, he was told that "his frequent criticism of the treatment of blacks in the United States should not be aired in foreign countries".
    • In 1951, an article titled "Paul Robeson '' the Lost Shepherd" was published in The Crisis[224] although Paul Jr. suspected it was written by Amsterdam News columnist Earl Brown. J. Edgar Hoover and the United States State Department arranged for the article to be printed and distributed in Africa in order to defame Robeson's reputation and reduce his and Communists' popularity in colonial countries. Another article by Roy Wilkins (now thought to have been the real author of "Paul Robeson '' the Lost Shepherd") denounced Robeson as well as the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) in terms consistent with the anti-Communist FBI propaganda.[228]
    • On December 17, 1951, Robeson presented to the United Nations an anti-lynching petition titled "We Charge Genocide". The document asserted that the United States federal government, by its failure to act against lynching in the United States, was "guilty of genocide" under Article II of the UN Genocide Convention.
    • In 1952, Robeson was awarded the International Stalin Prize by the Soviet Union.[230] Unable to travel to Moscow, he accepted the award in New York.[231] In April 1953, shortly after Stalin's death, Robeson penned To You My Beloved Comrade, praising Stalin as dedicated to peace and a guide to the world: "Through his deep humanity, by his wise understanding, he leaves us a rich and monumental heritage." Robeson's opinions about the Soviet Union kept his passport out of reach and stopped his return to the entertainment industry and the civil rights movement. In his opinion, the Soviet Union was the guarantor of political balance in the world.
    • In a symbolic act of defiance against the travel ban, in May 1952, labor unions in the United States and Canada organized a concert at the International Peace Arch on the border between Washington state and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Robeson returned to perform a second concert at the Peace Arch in 1953, and over the next two years, two further concerts took place. In this period, with the encouragement of his friend the Welsh politician Aneurin Bevan, Robeson recorded a number of radio concerts for supporters in Wales.
    • 1956''1957: End of McCarthyism [ edit ] In 1956, Robeson was called before HUAC after he refused to sign an affidavit affirming that he was not a Communist. In his testimony, he invoked the Fifth Amendment and refused to reveal his political affiliations. When asked why he had not remained in the Soviet Union because of his affinity with its political ideology, he replied, "because my father was a slave and my people died to build [the United States and], I am going to stay here, and have a part of it just like you and no fascist-minded people will drive me from it!"[237] At that hearing, Robeson stated "Whether I am or not a Communist is irrelevant. The question is whether American citizens, regardless of their political beliefs or sympathies, may enjoy their constitutional rights."[238] In 1957, still unable to accept invitations to perform abroad, Paul Robeson sang for audiences in London, where 1,000 concert tickets for his telephone concert at St Pancras Town Hall sold out within an hour,[239] and Wales via the transatlantic telephone cable TAT-1:[240] "We have to learn the hard way that there is another way to sing".[241] An appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States to reinstate his confiscated passport had been rejected, but over the telephone Robeson was able to sing to the 5,000 gathered there as he had earlier in the year to London.
    • Due to the reaction to the promulgation of Robeson's political views, his recordings and films were removed from public distribution, and he was universally condemned in the U.S press.[242] During the height of the Cold War, it became increasingly difficult in the United States to hear Robeson sing on commercial radio, buy his music or see his films.
    • In 1956, in the United Kingdom, Topic Records, at that time part of the Workers Music Association, released a single of Robeson singing "Joe Hill", written by Alfred Hayes and Earl Robinson, backed with "John Brown's Body". Joe Hill (1879''1915) was a labor activist in the early 20th century, and "Joe Hill" sung by Robeson is the third favorite choice of British Labour Party politicians on the BBC radio program Desert Island Discs.[244]
    • Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalinism at the 1956 Party Congress silenced Robeson on Stalin, although Robeson continued to praise the Soviet Union. In 1956, after public pressure brought a one-time exemption to the travel ban, Robeson performed two concerts in Canada in February, one in Toronto and the other at a union convention in Sudbury, Ontario.[246] That year Robeson, along with close friend W.E.B. Du Bois, compared the anti-Soviet uprising in Hungary to the "same sort of people who overthrew the Spanish Republican Government" and supported the Soviet invasion and suppression of the revolt.[247]
    • Later years [ edit ] 1958''1960: Comeback tours [ edit ] 1958 saw the publication of Robeson's "manifesto-autobiography" Here I Stand. His passport was restored in June 1958 via Kent v. Dulles, and he embarked on a world tour using London as his base.[citation needed ][250] In Moscow in August 1959, he received a tumultuous reception at the Luzhniki Stadium where he sang classic Russian songs along with American standards. Robeson and Essie then flew to Yalta to rest and spend time with Nikita Khrushchev.[252]
    • On October 11, 1959, Robeson took part in a service at St. Paul's Cathedral, the first black performer to sing there. On a trip to Moscow, Robeson experienced bouts of dizziness and heart problems and was hospitalized for two months while Essie was diagnosed with operable cancer. He recovered and returned to the UK to visit the National Eisteddfod.
    • Meanwhile, the State Department had circulated negative literature about him throughout the media in India.
    • While leading The Royal Shakespeare Company starring as Othello in Tony Richardson's 1959 production at Stratford-upon-Avon, he befriended actor Andrew Faulds, whose family hosted him in the nearby village of Shottery. In 1960, in what was his final concert performance in Great Britain, Robeson sang to raise money for the Movement for Colonial Freedom at the Royal Festival Hall.[256]
    • In October 1960, Robeson embarked on a two-month concert tour of Australia and New Zealand with Essie, primarily to generate money, at the behest of Australian politician Bill Morrow. While in Sydney, he became the first major artist to perform at the construction site of the future Sydney Opera House.[259] After appearing at the Brisbane Festival Hall, they went to Auckland where Robeson reaffirmed his support of Marxism, denounced the inequality faced by the Māori and efforts to denigrate their culture.[261] Thereabouts, Robeson publicly stated "..the people of the lands of Socialism want peace dearly".[262]
    • During the tour he was introduced to Faith Bandler who interested the Robesons in the plight of the Australian Aborigines.[263] Robeson, consequently, became enraged and demanded the Australian government provide the Aborigines citizenship and equal rights.[264] He attacked the view of the Aborigines as being unsophisticated and uncultured, and declared, "there's no such thing as a backward human being, there is only a society which says they are backward."[265]
    • 1961''1963: Health breakdown [ edit ] Back in London, he decided to return to the United States, where he hoped to resume participation in the civil rights movement, stopping off in Africa and Cuba along the way. Essie argued to stay in London, fearing that he'd be "killed" if he returned and would be "unable to make any money" due to harassment by the United States government. Robeson disagreed and made his own travel arrangements, arriving in Moscow in March 1961.
    • During an uncharacteristically wild party in his Moscow hotel room, Robeson locked himself in his bedroom and attempted suicide by cutting his wrists. Three days later, under Soviet medical care, he told his son that he felt extreme paranoia, thought that the walls of the room were moving and, overcome by a powerful sense of emptiness and depression, tried to take his own life.
    • Paul Jr. believed that his father's health problems stemmed from attempts by the CIA and MI5 to "neutralize" his father.[269] He remembered that his father had had such fears prior to his prostate operation. He said that three doctors treating Robeson in London and New York had been CIA contractors,[269] and that his father's symptoms resulted from being "subjected to mind depatterning under MK-ULTRA", a secret CIA programme.[272] Martin Duberman wrote that Robeson's health breakdown was probably brought on by a combination of factors including extreme emotional and physical stress, bipolar depression, exhaustion and the beginning of circulatory and heart problems. "[E]ven without an organic predisposition and accumulated pressures of government harassment he might have been susceptible to a breakdown."
    • Robeson stayed at the Barvikha Sanatorium until September 1961, when he left for London. There his depression reemerged, and after another period of recuperation in Moscow, he returned to London. Three days after arriving back, he became suicidal and suffered a panic attack while passing the Soviet Embassy. He was admitted to the Priory Hospital, where he underwent electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and was given heavy doses of drugs for nearly two years, with no accompanying psychotherapy. During his treatment at the Priory, Robeson was being monitored by the British MI5.[275] Both intelligence services were well aware of Robeson's suicidal state of mind. An FBI memo described Robeson's debilitated condition, remarking that his "death would be much publicized" and would be used for Communist propaganda, necessitating continued surveillance. Numerous memos advised that Robeson should be denied a passport renewal, an obstacle that was likely to further jeopardize his recovery process.
    • In August 1963, disturbed about his treatment, friends and family had Robeson transferred to the Buch Clinic in East Berlin.[279] Given psychotherapy and less medication, his physicians found him still "completely without initiative" and they expressed "doubt and anger" about the "high level of barbiturates and ECT" that had been administered in London. He rapidly improved, though his doctor stressed that "what little is left of Paul's health must be quietly conserved."
    • 1963''1976: Retirement [ edit ] In 1963, Robeson returned to the United States and for the remainder of his life lived in seclusion. He momentarily assumed a role in the civil rights movement,[269] making a few major public appearances before falling seriously ill during a tour. Double pneumonia and a kidney blockage in 1965 nearly killed him.
    • Robeson was contacted by both Bayard Rustin and James Farmer about the possibility of becoming involved with the mainstream of the Civil Rights Movement. Because of Rustin's past anti-Communist stances, Robeson declined to meet with him. Robeson eventually met with Farmer, but because he was asked to denounce Communism and the Soviet Union in order to assume a place in the mainstream, Robeson adamantly declined.
    • After Essie, who had been his spokesperson to the media, died in December 1965, Robeson moved in with his son's family in New York City.[279] He was rarely seen strolling near his Harlem apartment on Jumel Place [sic], and his son responded to press inquiries that his "father's health does not permit him to perform or answer questions."[279]
    • In 1968, he settled at his sister's home in Philadelphia.[279] Numerous celebrations were held in honor of Robeson over the next several years, including at public arenas that had previously shunned him, but he saw few visitors aside from close friends and gave few statements apart from messages to support current civil rights and international movements, feeling that his record "spoke for itself". In 1974, he posed for a portrait by artist Kenneth Hari at his sisters home. The portrait was unveiled in 1978 at the Paul Robeson Center at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey, where it remains on display.[citation needed ] At a Carnegie Hall tribute to mark his 75th birthday in 1973, he was unable to attend, but a taped message from him was played that said: "Though I have not been able to be active for several years, I want you to know that I am the same Paul, dedicated as ever to the worldwide cause of humanity for freedom, peace and brotherhood."
    • 1976: Death, funeral, and public response [ edit ] On January 23, 1976, following complications of a stroke, Robeson died in Philadelphia at the age of 77.[289] He lay in state in Harlem and his funeral was held at his brother Ben's former parsonage, Mother Zion AME Zion Church, where Bishop J. Clinton Hoggard performed the eulogy.[292] His twelve pall bearers included Harry Belafonte and Fritz Pollard. He was interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. According to biographer Martin Duberman, contemporary post-mortem reflections on Robeson's life in "[the] white [American] press..ignored the continuing inability of white America to tolerate a black maverick who refused to bend, ..downplayed the racist component central to his persecution [during his life]", as they "paid him gingerly respect and tipped their hat to him as a 'great American,'" while the black American press, "which had never, overall, been as hostile to Robeson [as the white American press had], opined that his life '...would always be a challenge to white and Black America.'"
    • Legacy and honors [ edit ] Early in his life, Robeson was one of the most influential participants in the Harlem Renaissance.[295] His achievements in sport and culture were all the more incredible given the barriers of racism he had to surmount.[296] Robeson brought Negro spirituals into the American mainstream. His theatrical performances have been recognized as the first to display dignity for black actors and pride in African heritage,[298] and he was among the first artists to refuse to play live to segregated audiences.
    • After McCarthyism, [Robeson's stand] on anti-colonialism in the 1940s would never again have a voice in American politics, but the [African independence movements] of the late 1950s and 1960s would vindicate his anti-colonial [agenda].
    • Subsequently, in 1945 he received the Spingarn medal from the NAACP.[300] Several public and private establishments he was associated with have been landmarked,[301] or named after him.[302] His efforts to end Apartheid in South Africa were posthumously rewarded in 1978 by the United Nations General Assembly.[303] Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist won an Academy Award for best short documentary in 1980.[304] In 1995, he was named to the College Football Hall of Fame.[305] In the centenary of his birth, which was commemorated around the world,[306] he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award,[307] as well as a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[308] Robeson is also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.[309]
    • As of 2011[update], the run of Othello starring Robeson was the longest-running production of a Shakespeare play ever staged on Broadway.[310] He received a Donaldson Award for his performance.[311] His Othello was characterised by Michael A. Morrison in 2011 as a high point in Shakespearean theatre in the 20th century.
    • Robeson left Australia as a respected, albeit controversial, figure and his support for Aboriginal rights had a profound effect in Australia over the next decade.[313]
    • Robeson archives exist at the Academy of Arts;[314] Howard University, and the Schomburg Center.[316] In 2010, Susan Robeson launched a project by Swansea University and the Welsh Assembly to create an online learning resource in her grandfather's memory.[317]
    • Robeson connected his own life and history not only to his fellow Americans and to his people in the South, but to all the people of Africa and its diaspora whose lives had been fundamentally shaped by the same processes that had brought his ancestors to America. While a consensus definition of his legacy remains controversial, to deny his courage in the face of public and governmental pressure would be to defame his courage.[320]
    • In 1976, the apartment building on Edgecombe Avenue in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan where Robeson lived during the early 1940s was officially renamed the Paul Robeson Residence, and declared a National Historic Landmark.[321][322][323] In 1993, the building was designated a New York City landmark as well.[324] Edgecombe Avenue itself was later co-named Paul Robeson Boulevard.
    • In 1978, TASS announced that the Latvian Shipping Company had named one of its new 40,000-ton tankers Paul Robeson in honor of the singer. TASS said the ship's crew established a Robeson museum aboard the tanker.[325]
    • In 1998, the second SOAS University of London halls of residence was named in his honor.
    • In 2002, a blue plaque was unveiled by English Heritage on the house in Hampstead where Robeson lived in 1929''30.[326]
    • In 2004, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 37-cent stamp honoring Robeson.[327]
    • In 2006, a plaque was unveiled in his honor at SOAS University of London.[328][329]
    • In 2007, the Criterion Collection, a company that specializes in releasing special-edition versions of classic and contemporary films, released a DVD boxed set of Robeson films.[330]
    • In 2009, Robeson was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[331]
    • The main campus library at Rutgers University-Camden is named after Robeson,[332] as is the campus center at Rutgers University-Newark.[333] The Paul Robeson Cultural Center is on the campus of Rutgers University-New Brunswick.[334]
    • In 1972, Penn State established a formal cultural center on the University Park campus. Students and staff chose to name the center for Robeson.[335]
    • A street in Princeton, New Jersey is named after him. In addition, the block of Davenport Street in Somerville, New Jersey, where St. Thomas AME Zion Church still stands is called Paul Robeson Boulevard.[336]
    • In West Philadelphia, the Paul Robeson High School, which won 2019 U.S. News & World Report for Best High Schools in Pennsylvania,[337] is also named after him.
    • To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Robeson's graduation, Rutgers University named an open-air plaza after him on Friday, April 12, 2019. The plaza, next to the Voorhees Mall on the College Avenue campus at Rutgers''New Brunswick, features eight black granite panels with details of Robeson's life.[338] Also in 2019, Commercial Avenue in New Brunswick was renamed Paul Robeson Boulevard.[339]
    • On March 6, 2019, the city council of New Brunswick, New Jersey approved the renaming of Commercial Avenue to Paul Robeson Boulevard.[340]
    • In popular culture [ edit ] In 1954, the Kurdish poet Abdulla Goran wrote the poem "Bangªk bo Pol Ropsin" ("A Call for Paul Robeson"). In the same year, another Kurdish poet, Cegerxw®n, also wrote a poem about him, "Heval Pol Robson" ("Comrade Paul Robeson"), which was put to music by singer Şivan Perwer in 1976.[341]
    • Black 47's 1989 album Home of the Brave includes the song "Paul Robeson (Born to Be Free)", which features spoken quotes of Robeson as part of the song.[342] These quotes are drawn from Robeson's testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee in June 1956. In 2001, Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers released a song titled "Let Robeson Sing" as a tribute to Robeson, which reached number 19 on the UK singles chart.
    • In January 1978, James Earl Jones performed the one-man show Paul Robeson, written by Phillip Hayes Dean, on Broadway.[343][344] This stage drama was made into a TV movie in 1979, starring Jones and directed by Lloyd Richards.[345] At the 2007 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, British-Nigerian actor Tayo Aluko, himself a baritone soloist, premiered his one-man show, Call Mr. Robeson: A Life with Songs, which has since toured various countries.[346]
    • Tom Rob Smith's novel Agent 6 (2012) includes the character Jesse Austin, "a black singer, political activist and communist sympathizer modeled after real-life actor/activist Paul Robeson."[347] Robeson also appears in short fiction published in the online literary magazines the Maple Tree Literary Supplement[348] and Every Day Fiction.[349]
    • In November 2014, it was reported that film director Steve McQueen's next film would be a biographical film about Paul Robeson.[350] As of 2018, the film has not been made.
    • On September 7, 2019, Crossroads Theater Company performed Phillip Hayes Dean's play Paul Robeson in the inaugural performance of the New Brunswick Performing Arts Center.
    • Filmography [ edit ] See also [ edit ] African American Legends: Paul Robeson, Jr. Interview '' Paul Robeson, Sr.References [ edit ] ^ "Paul Robeson Quotations". Paul Robeson Centennial Celebration . Retrieved March 15, 2017 . ^ Vizetelly, Frank H. (March 3, 1934). "What's the Name, Please?". The Literary Digest . Retrieved March 15, 2017 . ^ "Paul Robeson SOAS tribute with the late Tony Benn now available on YouTube | SOAS University of London". www.soas.ac.uk . Retrieved August 13, 2018 . ^ "Resources About Paul Robeson (1898''1976)", Paul Robeson Centennial Celebration. Retrieved June 12, 2017. ^ "Thorpe''M'Millan Fight Great Duel: Robeson Scores Both Touchdowns for Locals Against Indians". The Milwaukee Sentinel. November 20, 1922. p. 7. ; cf. Badgers Trim Thorpe's Team ^ Robeson 2001, p. 3; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 18, Duberman 1989, pp. 4''5 ^ Brown 1997, pp. 5''6, 145''49; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 4''5; Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 10''12 ^ Nollen, Scott Allen (October 12, 2010). "Paul Robeson: Film Pioneer". McFarland '' via Google Books. ^ Francis, Hywel (May 1, 2014). "The inheritor of his father's political mantle". Morning Star . Retrieved September 17, 2017 . ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 4, 337''38; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 4, Duberman 1989, p. 4, Brown 1997, pp. 9''10 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 5''6, 14; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 4''5, Duberman 1989, pp. 4''6, Brown 1997, pp. 17, 26 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 3; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 18, Brown 1997, p. 21 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 6''7; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 5''6, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 18''20 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 16''17; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 12 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 5''6; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 6''9, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 18''20, Brown 1997, p. 26 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 9; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 21, Robeson 2001, pp. 6''7, Brown 1997, p. 28 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 22''23; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 8, Robeson 2001, pp. 7''8, Brown 1997, pp. 25''29; cf. Robeson 1958, p. 7 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobeson1958 (help) ^ Robeson 2001, p. 11; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 9, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 27''29 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 9''10; cf. Brown 1997, p. 39, Robeson 2001, pp. 13''14 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 17; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 30, Brown 1997, pp. 46''47 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 37''38; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 12, Brown 1997, pp. 49''51 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 13''16; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 34''36, Brown 1997, pp. 43, 46, 48''49 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 37''38; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 16, Duberman 1989, pp. 13''16, Brown 1997, pp. 46''47 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 41''42; cf. Brown 1997, pp. 54''55, Duberman 1989, p. 17, Robeson 2001, pp. 17''18; contra. The dispute is over whether it was a one-year or four-year scholarship. Robeson Found Emphasis to Win Too Great in College Football 1926-03-13 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 11; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 40''41, Robeson 1958, pp. 18''19 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobeson1958 (help) , Brown 1997, pp. 53''54, 65, Carroll 1998, p. 58 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 19; cf. Brown 1997, pp. 60, 64, Gilliam 1978, Robeson 2001, p. 20 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 45''49; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 19, 24, Brown 1997, pp. 60, 65 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 20''21; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 49''50, Brown 1997, pp. 61''63 ^ Van Gelder, Robert (January 16, 1944). "Robeson Remembers: An interview with the Star of Othello, Partly about his Past". The New York Times. p. X1. ProQuest 107050287. ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 49''50, Duberman 1989, pp. 20''21, Robeson 2001, pp. 22''23 ^ Yeakey, Lamont H. (Autumn 1973). "A Student Without Peer: The Undergraduate College Years of Paul Robeson" (PDF) . Journal of Negro Education. 42 (4): 499. doi:10.2307/2966562. JSTOR 2966562. ^ Duberman 1989, p. 24; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 54, Brown 1997, p. 71, Robeson 2001, pp. 28, 31''32 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 54; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 24, Levy 2000, pp. 1''2 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLevy2000 (help) , Brown 1997, p. 71, Robeson 2001, p. 28 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 24; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 54, Brown 1997, p. 70, Robeson 2001, p. 35 ^ Brown & 1997, pp. 68''70; Duberman 1989, pp. 22''23, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 59''60, Robeson 2001, p. 27, Pitt 1972, p. 42 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 22, 573; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 29''30, Brown 1997, pp. 74''82, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 65''66 ^ "Men of the Month". The Crisis. Vol. 15 no. 5. March 1918. pp. 229''31. ISSN 0011-1422. ; cf. Marable 2005, p. 171 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 33; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 25, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 68''69, Brown 1997, pp. 85''87 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 25; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 68''69, Brown 1997, pp. 86''87, Robeson 2001, p. 33 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 24; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 69, 74, 437, Robeson 2001, p. 35 ^ "Hall of Fame: Robeson". Record-Journal. January 19, 1995. p. 20. ; The number of letters varies between 12 and 15 based on author; Duberman 1989, p. 22, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 73, Robeson 2001, pp. 34''35 ^ Jenkins, Burris (September 28, 1922). "Four Coaches '' O'Neill of Columbia, Sanderson of Rutgers, Gargan of Fordham, and Thorp of N.Y.U. '' Worrying About Outcome of Impending Battles". The Evening World. p. 24. ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 66; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 22''23, Robeson 2001, pp. 30, 35 ^ "Who Belongs to Phi Beta Kappa?". The Phi Beta Kappa Society. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012. , Brown 1997, p. 94, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 74, Duberman 1989, p. 24 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 74; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 26, Brown 1997, p. 94 ^ Brown 1997, pp. 94''95; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 30, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 75''76, Harris 1998, p. 47 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 26; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 75, Brown 1997, p. 94, Robeson 2001, p. 36 ^ Kirshenbaum, Jerry (March 27, 1972). "Paul Robeson: Remaking A Fallen Hero". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 36 no. 13. pp. 75''77. ^ Robeson, Paul Leroy (June 10, 1919). "The New Idealism". The Targum. 50 (1918''19). pp. 570''71. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012 . Retrieved November 10, 2011 . ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 76, Duberman 1989, pp. 26''27, Brown 1997, p. 95, Robeson 2001, pp. 36''39 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 43; cf. Boyle and Bunie; 78''82, Brown 1997, p. 107 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 34; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 82, Robeson 2001, p. 44, Carroll 1998, pp. 140''41 ^ Brown 1997, p. 111; cf. Gilliam 1978, p. 25, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 53, Duberman 1989, p. 41 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 43''44; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 82, Brown 1997, pp. 107''08 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 143; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 45 ^ Weisenfeld 1997, pp. 161''62; cf. Robeson 1958, p. 2 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobeson1958 (help) ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 34''35, 37''38; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 87''89, Robeson 2001, pp. 46''48 ^ Peterson 1997, p. 93; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 48''49; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 89, 104, Who's Who, The New York Times May 11, 1924. ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 50''52; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 39''41; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 88''89, 94, Brown 1997, p. 119 ^ Levy 2000, p. 30 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLevy2000 (help) ; cf. Akron Pros 1920 by Bob Carrol Archived March 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Carroll 1998, pp. 147''48, Robeson 2001, p. 53 ^ Darnton, Charles (April 5, 1922). " ' Taboo' Casts Voodoo Spell". The Evening World. p. 24. ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 100''05, Review of TabooDuberman 1989, p. 43 ^ Wintz 2007, pp. 6''8; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 44''45, Robeson 2001, pp. 57''59, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 98''100 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 44''45; cf. Brown 1997, p. 120, Robeson 2001, pp. 57''59, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 100''01 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 105''07; cf. Brown 1997, p. 120, Duberman 1989, pp. 47''48, 50, Robeson 2001, pp. 59, 63''64 ^ Brown 1997, pp. 120''21; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 105''06 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 108''109; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 68''69, Duberman 1989, pp. 34, 51, Carroll 1998, pp. 151''52 ^ Levy 2000, pp. 31''32 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLevy2000 (help) ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 111 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 54''55; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 111''113, Robeson 2001, Brown 1997, p. 122 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 111''14; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 54''55, Robeson 2001, pp. 71''72, Gilliam 1978, p. 29 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 115; cf. History, Schomburg Unit Listed as Landmark: Spawning Ground of Talent 40 Seats Are Not Enough Plans for a Museum ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 52''55; Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 111, 116''17; Robeson 2001, p. 73 ^ "All God's Chillun". Time. March 17, 1924. The dramatic miscegenation will shortly be enacted ... [produced by the Provincetown Players, headed by O'Neill], dramatist; Robert Edmond Jones, artist, and Kenneth Macgowan, author. Many white people do not like the [plot]. Neither do many black. ; Duberman 1989, pp. 57''59, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 118''121, Gilliam 1978, pp. 32''33 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 73''76; cf. Gilliam 1978, pp. 36''37, Duberman 1989, pp. 53, 57''59, 61''62, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 90''91, 122''23 ^ Madden, Will Anthony (May 17, 1924). "Paul Robeson Rises To Supreme Heights In "The Emperor Jones". Pittsburgh Courier. p. 8. ProQuest 201849682. ; cf. Corbin, John (May 7, 1924). "The Play; Jazzed Methodism", The New York Times, p. 18.Duberman 1989, pp. 62''63, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 124''25 ^ Young, Stark (August 24, 1924). "The Prompt Book". The New York Times. p. X1. ProQuest 103317885. ; Chicago Tribune entitled: "All God's Chillun" Plays Without a Single ProtestBoyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 126''127, Duberman 1989, pp. 64''65 ^ "And there is an 'Othello' when I am ready..One of the great measures of a people is its culture. Above all things, we boast that the only true artistic contributions of America are Negro in origin. We boast of the culture of ancient Africa.[I]n any discussion of art or culture,[one must include] music and the drama and its interpretation. So today Roland Hayes is infinitely more of a racial asset than many who 'talk' at great length. Thousands of people hear him, see him, are moved by him, and are brought to a clearer understanding of human values. If I can so something of a like nature, I shall be happy. My early experiences give me much hope." cf. Wilson 2000, p. 292 ^ Gilliam 1978, pp. 38''40; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 68''71, 76, Sampson 2005, p. 9 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 142''43; cf. "I Owe My Success To My Wife," Says Paul Robeson, Star In O'Neill's Drama ^ Robeson 2001, p. 84; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 149, 152 ^ Nollen 2010, pp. 14, 18''19 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 67, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 160, Gilliam 1978, p. 43 ^ "Robeson to Sing for Nursery Fund: Benefit to Be Given in Greenwich Village Theatre March 15". New York Amsterdam News. March 11, 1925. p. 9. ProQuest 226378502. ^ Coates, Ulysses (April 18, 1925). "Radio". Chicago Defender. p. A8. ProQuest 492070128. ; cf. Robeson to Sing [Spirituals] Over Radio 1925-04-08 [permanent dead link ] ^ Duberman 1989, p. 78; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 139, Robeson 2001, p. 85 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 79; cf. Gilliam 1978, pp. 41''42, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 140, Robeson 2001, pp. 85''86 ^ "Clara Young Loses $75,000 in Jewels". The New York Times. April 20, 1925. p. 21. ProQuest 103557765. ; cf. Paul Robeson, Lawrence Brown Score Big New York Success With Negro Songs, MusicDuberman 1989, pp. 80''81 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 82, 86; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 149, Robeson 2001, p. 93, Robeson on Victor 1925-09-16 ^ Gilliam 1978, pp. 45''47; Duberman 1989, pp. 83, 88''98, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 161''67, Robeson 2001, pp. 95''97 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 169''84; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 98''106, Gilliam 1978, pp. 47''49 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 106; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 184 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 143; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 106, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 184 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 110; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 147, Gilliam 1978, p. 49 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 186; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 112, Robeson 2001, p. 148 ^ "Drury Lane Theatre: 'Showboat ' " (PDF) . The Times. May 4, 1928. p. 14. Mr. Robeson's melancholy song about the 'old river' is one of the two chief hits of the evening. [permanent dead link ] ; Duberman 1989, pp. 113''15, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 188''92, Robeson 2001, pp. 149''56 ^ Rogers, J A (October 6, 1928). " ' Show Boat' Pleasure-Disappointment": Rogers Gives New View Says Race Talent Is Submerged". Pittsburgh Courier. pp. A2. ProQuest 201884274. [Show Boat] is, so far as the Negro is concerned, a regrettable bit of American niggerism introduced into Europe. ; Duberman 1989, p. 114, Gilliam 1978, p. 52 ^ "Mrs. Paul Robeson Majestic Passenger: Coming to Settle Business Affairs of Her Distinguished Husband". New York Amsterdam News. August 22, 1928. p. 8. ProQuest 226257877. ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 193''97; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 114, Gilliam 1978, p. 52 ^ "Sings For Prince Of Wales". Pittsburgh Courier. July 28, 1928. p. 12. ProQuest 201895989. ; Duberman 1989, p. 115, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 196, Robeson 2001, p. 153 ^ "English Parliament Honors Paul Robeson". Chicago Defender. December 1, 1928. p. A1. ProQuest 492188338. ; cf. Seton 1958, p. 30; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 155, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. ? ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 205''07; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 153''56, Gilliam 1978, p. 52, Duberman 1989, p. 118 ^ Duberman, Martin (December 28, 1988). "Writing Robeson". The Nation. Vol. 267 no. 22. pp. 33''38. ; cf. Gilliam 1978, p. 57, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 159''60, Robeson 2001, pp. 100''101 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 172''73; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 230''34, Duberman 1989, pp. 139''40 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 143''44; cf. Robeson 2001, pp. 165''66 ^ Nollen 2010, p. 24 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 129''30, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 221''23 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 133''38; cf. Nollen 2010, pp. 59''60 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ^ Morrison 2011, p. 114; cf. Swindall 2010, p. 23, Robeson 2001, p. 166 ^ Nollen 2010, p. 29 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; cf. Gilliam 1978, p. 60, Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 226''29 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 176''77; cf. Nollen 2010, p. 29 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 178''82; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 238''40, 257; cf. Gilliam 1978, pp. 62''64, Duberman 1989, pp. 140''44 ^ Oakley, Annie (May 24, 1932). "The Theatre and Its People". Border Cities Star. p. 4. ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 253''54, Duberman 1989, p. 161, Robeson 2001, pp. 192''93 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 161; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 258''59, Robeson 2001, pp. 132, 194 ^ Sources are unclear on this point. Duberman 1989, p. 145; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 182 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 162''63; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 262''63, Robeson 2001, pp. 194''196 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 195''200; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 267''68, Duberman 1989, p. 166 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 271''74; Duberman 1989, p. 167, Robeson 2001, p. 204 ^ a b Nollen 2010, pp. 41''42 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 207; Duberman 1989, pp. 168''69 ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 275''279; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 167''68 ^ "Black Greatness". The Border Cities Star. September 8, 1933. p. 4. ; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 284''85; Duberman 1989, pp. 169''70 ^ @SOAS (October 10, 2018). "Photograph of Paul Robeson's admission form for SOAS in 1934" (Tweet) '' via Twitter. ^ The rationale for Robeson's sudden interest in African history is viewed as inexplicable by one of his biographers and no biographers have stated an explanation for what Duberman terms a "sudden interest"; cf. Cameron 1990, p. 285 ^ Smith, Ronald A. (Summer 1979). "The Paul Robeson''Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision". Journal of Sport History. 6 (2). ; Duberman 1989, pp. 184''85, 628''29 ^ Robeson 1978, pp. 94''96 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFRobeson1978 (help) ; cf. (Smith, Vern (January 15, 1935). "'I am at Home,' Says Robeson at Reception in Soviet Union", Daily Worker). ^ Nollen 2010, p. 53 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 78''182 ^ Rotha, Paul (Spring 1935). "Sanders on the River". Cinema Quarterly. 3 (3): 175''76. You may, like me, feel embarrassed for Robeson. To portray on the public screen your own race as a smiling but cunning rogue, as clay in a woman's hands (especially when she is of the sophisticated American Brand), as toady to the white man is no small feat ... It is important to remember that the multitudes of this country [Britain] who see Africa in this film, are being encouraged to believe this fudge is real. It is a disturbing thought. To exploit the past is the historian's loss. To exploit the present means in this case, the disgrace of a Continent. ; Duberman 1989, pp. 180''82; contra: "Leicester Square Theatre: Sanders of the River", The Times: p. 12. April 3, 1935. ^ Low 1985, p. 257; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 181''82 ^ Sources are unclear if Robeson unilaterally took the final product of the film as insulting or if his distaste was abetted by criticism of the film. Nollen 2010, p. 53 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ; Duberman 1989, p. 182 ^ Fischer, Lucy; Landy, Marcia (2004). Stars: The Film Reader. Psychology Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0415278928. ^ Cunard, Nancy (August 1935). "Stevedore in London". The Crisis. Vol. 42 no. 8. The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. ^ Paul Robeson on IMDb ^ Paul Robeson on IMDb ^ "Africa Sings". Villon Films. Archived from the original on May 22, 2001 . Retrieved July 10, 2012 . ^ Paul Robeson on IMDb ^ Paul Robeson on IMDb ^ "Most Popular Stars of 1937: Choice of British Public". The Mercury (Hobart, Tas.: 1860''1954). Hobart, Tas.: National Library of Australia. February 12, 1938. p. 5 . Retrieved April 25, 2012 . ; cf. Richards 2001, p. 18 ^ Robeson 1958, p. 53 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobeson1958 (help) ; cf. Robeson 1981, p. 38, Duberman 1989, p. 220 ^ Robeson 2001, p. 292; cf. Boyle & Bunie 2005, pp. 375''78 ^ Glazer defines it as a change from a "lyric of defeat into a rallying cry". Glazer 2007, p. 167; cf. Robeson 2001, p. 293, Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 381, Lennox 2011, p. 124 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLennox2011 (help) , Robeson 1981, p. 37, Hopkins 1998, p. 313 ^ "Paul Robeson at the Unity Theater", Daily Express, June 20, 1938; cf. Duberman 1989, pp. 222''23 ^ "Paul Robeson". Coalfield Web Materials. University of Swansea. 2002. ^ "Spanish Relief Efforts: Albert Hall Meeting £1,000 Collected for Children". The Manchester Guardian. June 25, 1937. p. 6. ProQuest 484207378. ; cf. Brown 1997, p. 77, Robeson 2001, p. 372 ^ "Paul Robeson". Rutas Culturales. Archived from the original on October 30, 2016 . Retrieved October 29, 2016 . ^ Beevor 2006, p. 356; cf. Eby 2007, pp. 279''80, Landis 1967, pp. 245''46 ^ "India's Struggle for Freedom: Mr. Nehru on Imperialism and Fascism". The Guardian. June 28, 1938. ; Duberman 1989, p. 225 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 223 Nollen 2010, p. 122 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ^ Nollen 2010, p. 122 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ^ Boyle & Bunie 2005, p. 320; cf. Von Eschen 2014 ^ a b Liu, Liangmo Translated by Ellen Yeung. (2006). "Paul Robeson: The People's Singer (1950)". In Yung, Judy; Chang, Gordon H.; Lai, H. Mark (eds.). Chinese American Voices: From the Gold Rush to the Present. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520243095. ^ Chi, Robert (2007). "The March of the Volunteers': From Movie Theme Song to National Anthem". In Lee, Ching Kwan (ed.). Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution: The Politics and Poetics of Collective Memories in Reform China. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804758536. ^ a b Liang Luo. "International Avant-garde and the Chinese National Anthem: Tian Han, Joris Ivens, and Paul Robeson" in The Ivens Magazine, No. 16. European Foundation Joris Ivens (Nijmegen), October 2010. Retrieved 2015-01-22. ^ Gellman, Erik S. (February 1, 2012). Death Blow to Jim Crow: The National Negro Congress and the Rise of Militant Civil Rights. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807869932. ^ Jr, Paul Robeson (December 21, 2009). The Undiscovered Paul Robeson: Quest for Freedom, 1939''1976. Wiley. p. 25. ISBN 978-0470569689. ^ Bourne, Stephen; Dr. Hywel Francis. "The Proud Valley" (PDF) . Edinburgh Film Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2012. ^ Price & 8''9 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPrice8''9 (help) ; cf. Collier's ?? ^ Earl Robinson with Eric A. Gordon, Ballad of an American: The Autobiography of Earl Robinson (Scarecrow Press: Lanham, Md., 1998), p. 99. ^ Peter Dreier (May 8, 2014). "We Are Long Overdue for a Paul Robeson Revival". Los Angeles Review of Books. ^ FBI record, "Paul Robeson". FBI 100-25857, New York, December 8, 1942. ^ Paul Robeson at the Internet Broadway Database ^ "Group Confers with Truman on Lynching". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. September 24, 1946. p. 2. ^ Brady Siff, Sarah (May 2016). "Policing the Policy: A Civil Rights Story". Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. 9. ^ Cornell, Douglas B. (December 5, 1947). "Attorney General's List of 'Subversive Groups' is Derided by Solon". The Modesto Bee. p. 1. ; cf. Goldstein 2008, pp. 62, 66, 88 ^ Bay Area Paul Robeson Centennial Committee, Paul Robeson Chronology (Part 5) Archived May 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 142''43; Duberman 1989, pp. 342''45, 687 ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 142''43; cf. Robeson 1978, pp. 197''198 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFRobeson1978 (help) , Seton 1958, p. 179, Interview with Paul Robeson, Jnr. ^ "Studs Terkel, Paul Robeson '' Speak of Me As I Am, BBC, 1998". ^ "Paul Robeson collection: 1925''1956 [bulk 1943''1956]". Paul Robeson collection, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library. The New York Public Library, Archives & Manuscripts . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Robeson 2001, pp. 142''43 ^ a b Duberman 1989, pp. 361''62; cf. Robinson 1978, pp. 94''98 ^ a b Duberman 1989, pp. 358''60; cf. Robinson 1978, pp. 94''98 ^ Duberman 1989, p. 364; cf. Robeson 1981, p. 181 ^ Duberman 1989, pp. 364''70; cf. Robeson 1981, p. 181 ^ a b Ghiglione, Loren (2008). CBS's Don Hollenbeck: An Honest Reporter in the Age of McCarthyism . Columbia University Press. pp. 146''147 (Condon), 147 (Counterattack), 148''149 (Hiss), 149''150 (Robeson). ISBN 9780231516891 . Retrieved September 10, 2015 . Lay summary. Hiss Chambers. ^ Los Angeles Times, 1950-01-01, p. ? ^ Brown 1997, p. 162; cf. Robeson 1971, p. 5 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobeson1971 (help) Walsh only listed a ten man All-American team for the 1917 team and he lists no team due to World War I. Walsh 1949, pp. 16''18, 32. The information in the book was compiled by information from the colleges, ".. but many deserving names are missing entirely from the pages of [the] book because ... their alma mater was unable to provide them. '' Glenn S. Warner" Walsh 1949, p. 6. The Rutgers University list was presented to Walsh by Gordon A. McCoy, Director of Publicity for Rutgers, and although this list says that Rutgers had two All-Americans at the time of the publishing of the book, the book only lists the other All-American and does not list Robeson as being an All-American. Walsh 1949, p. 684 ^ "Mrs. Roosevelt sees a 'Misunderstanding ' " (PDF) . The New York Times. March 15, 1950. ^ Robert Alan, "Paul Robeson '' the Lost Shepherd". The Crisis, November 1951 pp. 569''73. ^ Duberman 1989, p. 396; cf. Foner 2001, pp. 112''15 ^ "Paul Robeson is Awarded Stalin Prize". The News and Courier. December 22, 1952. p. 6. ^ "Post Robeson Gets Stalin Peace Prize". The Victoria Advocate. September 25, 1953. p. 5. ^ "Testimony of Paul Robeson before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, June 12, 1956". History Matters . Retrieved January 30, 2015 . ^ "The Many Faces of Paul Robeson". US National Archives. August 15, 2016 . Retrieved February 3, 2017 . ^ Presenters: Aleks Krotoski (January 5, 2016). "Hidden Histories of the Information Age: TAT-1". Hidden Histories of the Information Age. 9:50 minutes in. BBC Radio 4. ^ Presenters: Aleks Krotoski (January 5, 2016). "Hidden Histories of the Information Age: TAT-1". Hidden Histories of the Information Age. 0:55 minutes in. BBC Radio 4. ^ Howard, Tony (January 29, 2009). "Showcase: Let Robeson Sing". University of Warwick. ^ Steinke, Nicole (June 7, 2013). "Paul Robeson: the singer who fought for justice and paid with his life". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ^ Matthew Weaver and George Arnett (November 21, 2014). "Will Theresa May toe party line on Desert Island Discs?". The Guardian . Retrieved January 28, 2015 . ^ Goodman, Jordan (2013). Paul Robeson: A Watched Man. London: Verso Books. p. 224. ^ Barry Finger, "Paul Robeson: A Flawed Martyr Archived January 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", in: New Politics Vol. 7, No. 1 (Summer 1998). ^ "British Give Singer Paul Robeson Hero's Welcome". The Modesto Bee. July 11, 1958. ^ Duberman, pp. 469''70. ^ Williams, Daniel G. (April 15, 2015). Wales Unchained: Literature, Politics and Identity in the American Century. University of Wales Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1783162147. ^ Steinke, Nicole. "Paul Robeson: the singer who fought for justice and paid with his life" . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Curthoys 2010, p. 168; Duberman 1989, p. 489 ^ Robeson 1978, pp. 470''71 harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFRobeson1978 (help) . ^ Curthoys 2010, pp. 164, 173''75; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 490 ^ Curthoys 2010, pp. 175''77; cf. Duberman 1989 ^ Duberman 1989 ^ a b c Radio broadcast presented by Amy Goodman, Did the U.S. Government Drug Paul Robeson? (Part 1). Democracy Now (July 1, 1999) Did the U.S. Government Drug Paul Robeson? (Part 2). Democracy Now (July 6, 1999) ^ Robeson, Paul Jr. (December 20, 1999). "Time Out: The Paul Robeson Files". The Nation. Vol. 269 no. 21. p. 9. ^ Travis, Alan (March 6, 2003). "Paul Robeson was tracked by MI5". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. ; cf. Western Mail, MI5 tracked Robeson amid communist fears ^ a b c d Lamparski, Richard (1968). Whatever Became of ... ?, Vol II. Ace Books. p. 9. ^ "Died". Time. February 2, 1976. ; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 548 ^ Hoggard, Bishop J. Clinton. "Eulogy". The Paul Robeson Foundation. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. ^ Finkelman 2007, p. 363; cf. Dorinson 2002, p. 74 ^ Miller, Patrick B. (January 1, 2005). "Muscular assimilationism: sport and the paradoxes of racial reform". In Ross, Charles K. (ed.). Race and Sport: The Struggle for Equality on and Off the Field. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 149''50. ISBN 978-1578068975. ^ Duberman 1989, p. 90; cf. Bogle 2016, p. 100, Nollen 2010, p. ? harvnb error: multiple targets (2—): CITEREFNollen2010 (help) ^ "Spingarn Medal Winners: 1915 to Today". naacp.org. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. ^ "List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF) . National Historic Landmarks Program. January 3, 2012. p. 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2011. ^ "Paul Robeson Galleries". Archived from the original on August 5, 2011 . Retrieved April 14, 2008 . ; cf. Paul Robeson Library, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 23, 2011 . Retrieved January 25, 2011 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) The Paul Robeson Cultural Center, Frequently Asked Questions ^ O'Malley, Padraig. "1978". Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory. ^ "1980". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ^ Armour, Nancy (August 26, 1995). "Brown, Robeson inducted into college football hall". The Day. Reid MacCluggage. p. C6. ^ "Robeson Peace Arch Concert Anniversary". www.cpsr.cs.uchicago.edu. ^ "From the Valley of Obscurity, Robeson's Baritone Rings Out; 22 Years After His Death, Actor-Activist Gets a Grammy". The New York Times. February 25, 1998. ^ "The Paul Robeson centennial". Ebony. Vol. 53 no. 7. May 1, 1998. pp. 110''14. ; cf. Wade-Lewis 2007, p. 108 ^ "Theater Hall of Fame | The Official Website | Members | Preserve the Past ' Honor the Present ' Encourage the Future". www.theaterhalloffame.org. ^ "A contract for Othello". Shakespeare & Beyond. February 26, 2016 . Retrieved October 16, 2019 . ^ "Paul Robeson as Othello". July 29, 2010. Archived from the original on April 28, 2010. ^ Curthoys 2010, pp. 178''80; cf. Duberman 1989, p. 491 ^ "Paul Robeson zu Gast Unter den Linden '' Humboldt-Universit¤t zu Berlin" (in German). Hu-berlin.de . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Paul Robeson Archive. 515 Malcolm X Boulevard New York, NY: New York Public Libraries. CS1 maint: location (link) ^ Prior, Neil (August 3, 2010). "Paul Robeson's granddaughter at Ebbw Vale eisteddfod". BBC News . Retrieved August 12, 2016 . ^ Hiebert, Hagen (2010). Reflections on a Life: Paul Robeson Remembered. Eastside Inc, Charbo. ^ Gomez, Lynn (January 16, 2012). "National Register of Historical Places Inventory '' Nomination Form: Paul Robeson Residence" (PDF) . United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 16, 2012 . Retrieved January 16, 2012 . ^ Finch, Ginny. "We Shall Overcome '' Paul Robeson Home". www.nps.gov. ^ "Paul Robeson Residence Accompanying 3 photos, exterior, from 1976" (PDF) . ^ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1. , p. 211. ^ "Tanker Named 'Paul Robeson ' ". The Hour. UPI. June 1, 1978 . Retrieved June 27, 2015 . ^ "English Heritage Unveil A Blue Plaque To Honour Paul Robeson". untoldlondon.org.uk. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014 . Retrieved May 7, 2013 . ^ "Stamp Series". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on August 10, 2013 . Retrieved September 2, 2013 . ^ "Paul Robeson tribute at Soas". Socialist Worker (Britain) . Retrieved August 13, 2018 . ^ Leader (September 21, 2006). "Leader: In praise of ... Paul Robeson". The Guardian . Retrieved August 13, 2018 . ^ "Paul Robeson: Portraits of the Artist". The Criterion Collection . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Mascarenhas, Rohan (May 3, 2009). "2009 New Jersey Hall of Fame Inductees Welcomed at NJPAC". The Star-Ledger . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ "Paul Robeson Library". Rutgers University Camden . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ "Paul Robeson Campus Center". Rutgers University Newark . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ "Home Page". prcc . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ "Paul Robeson Cultural Center History". Paul Robeson Cultural Center at PSU . Retrieved May 28, 2018 . ^ "Somerville History". Borough of Somerville . Retrieved May 28, 2018 . ^ "Paul Robeson High School '' The School District of Philadelphia". Robeson.philasd.org . Retrieved October 2, 2019 . ^ "Rutgers dedicates plaza to Paul Robeson". amsterdamnews.com . Retrieved May 2, 2019 . ^ "Commercial Avenue Renamed for Paul Robeson". Rutgers Today . Retrieved May 25, 2019 . ^ Loyer, Susan (March 28, 2019). "New Brunswick: Commercial Avenue renamed Paul Robeson Boulevard" . Retrieved October 16, 2019 . ^ Y¼ksel, Metin (2015). "Solidarity without borders: The poetic tributes to Paul Robeson of Goran and Cegerxw®n". Journal of Postcolonial Writing. 51 (5): 556''73. doi:10.1080/17449855.2015.1065287. ^ "Paul Robeson Lyrics". Metro Lyrics . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Eder, Richard (January 20, 1978). "Stage: James Earl Jones as Robeson". The New York Times . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Weber, Bruce (April 22, 2014). "Phillip Hayes Dean, the Playwright of Divisive 'Paul Robeson,' Dies at 83". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. ^ "Paul Robeson (1979 TV Movie)". Internet Movie Database. ^ "Call Mr. Robeson: A Life, With Songs". ^ Woods, Paula (January 27, 2012). "Book review: 'Agent 6' by Tom Rob Smith". The Los Angeles Times . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . ^ Frank, David. "The Robeson Connection". Maple Tree Literary Supplement. No. 23 (April''July 2018). ^ Alexander, Morris. "A Small World". Every Day Fiction. January 23, 2019. ^ Alex Needham (November 18, 2014). "Steve McQueen to make film about Paul Robeson". the Guardian . Retrieved March 9, 2018 . Primary materials [ edit ] Robeson, Paul Jr. (1976). Paul Robeson: Tributes and Selected Writings. Paul Robeson Archives. OCLC 2507933. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) .Robeson, Paul (1978). Sheldon, Philip; Foner, Henry (eds.). Paul Robeson Speaks: Writings, Speeches, and Interviews, a Centennial Celebration. Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0806508153. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Paul Leroy (1919-06-10). "The New Idealism". The Targum 50, 1918''1919: 570''71.Robeson, Paul; Brown, Lloyd L. (1988). Here I Stand . Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0807064450. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Paul Robeson at Google BooksWilson, Sondra K., ed. (2000). The Messenger Reader: Stories, Poetry, and Essays from The Messenger Magazine. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 978-0375755392. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Biographies [ edit ] Boyle, Sheila Tully; Bunie, Andrew (October 1, 2005). Paul Robeson: The Years of Promise and Achievement. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1558495050. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Brown, Lloyd Louis (1997). The Young Paul Robeson: "on My Journey Now". Westview Press. ISBN 978-0813331775. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Duberman, Martin B. (1989). Paul Robeson. Bodley Head. ISBN 978-0370305752. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Ehrlich, Scott (1989). Paul Robeson. Holloway House Publishing. ISBN 978-0870675522. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Gilliam, Dorothy Butler (1978). Paul Robeson: All-American. New Republic Book Company. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Goodman, Jordan (2013). Paul Robeson: A Watched Man. Verso Books.Hoyt, Edwin Palmer (1967). Paul Robeson: The American Othello. World Publishing Company. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Ramdin, Ron (October 1987). Paul Robeson: the man and his mission. Peter Owen. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Eslanda Goode (April 16, 2013). Paul Robeson, Negro. Read Books Limited. ISBN 978-1447494010. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Paul Jr. (July 9, 2001). The Undiscovered Paul Robeson, An Artist's Journey, 1898''1939. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471151050. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Paul Jr. (December 21, 2009). The Undiscovered Paul Robeson: Quest for Freedom, 1939''1976. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470569689. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Seton, Marie (1958). Paul Robeson. D. Dobson. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Seton, Mary (1978). "Paul Robeson on the English Stage". In Freedomways (eds.). Paul Robeson: The Great Forerunner. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) Reprint. Dodd, Mead. 1978. ISBN 978-0396075455. Swindall, Lindsey R. (October 27, 2010). The Politics of Paul Robeson's Othello. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1604738254. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Paul Robeson at Google BooksSwindall, Lindsey R. (August 15, 2015). Paul Robeson: A Life of Activism and Art . Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442207943. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Paul Robeson at Google BooksSecondary materials [ edit ] Balaji, Murali (April 29, 2009). The Professor and the Pupil: The Politics and Friendship of W.E.B Du Bois and Paul Robeson. Nation Books. ISBN 978-0786732609. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936''1939. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0143037651. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Bell, Charlotte Turner (January 1, 1986). Paul Robeson's Last Days in Philadelphia. Dorrance Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0805930269. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Bogle, Donald (February 25, 2016). Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films, Updated and Expanded 5th Edition. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0826429537. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Cameron, Kenneth M. (October 1, 1990). "Paul Robeson, Eddie Murphy, and the Film Text of 'Africa ' ". Text & Performance Quarterly. 10 (4): 282''93. doi:10.1080/10462939009365979. Carroll, John M. (September 1, 1998). Fritz Pollard: Pioneer in Racial Advancement. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252067990. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Curthoys, Ann (2010). "Paul Robeson's visit to Australia and Aboriginal activism, 1960" (PDF) . In Peters-Little, Frances; Curthoys, Ann; Docker, John (eds.). Passionate Histories: Myth, Memory and Indigenous Australia. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press. pp. 163''84. ISBN 978-1921666650. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Paul Robeson, p. 163, at Google BooksDorinson, Joseph; Pencak, William, eds. (January 1, 2004). Paul Robeson: Essays on His Life and Legacy. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786421633. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Dorinson, Joseph (2002). Something to Cheer About: Paul Robeson, Athlete. pp. 65''. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Foner, Henry (2002). "Foreword". Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 9 (2): 117. doi:10.1007/BF00972143. PMID 24390044. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Eby, Cecil D. (2007). Comrades and Commissars: The Lincoln Battalion in the Spanish Civil War. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0271029108. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Farmer, James (1985). Lay Bare the Heart: An Autobiography of the Civil Rights Movement. TCU Press. ISBN 978-0875651880. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Finkelman, Paul (January 2007). Wintz, Cary D. (ed.). Paul Robeson. Harlem Speaks: A Living History of the Harlem Renaissance. Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1402204364. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Foner, Henry (2001). Paul Robeson: A Century of Greatness. Paul Robeson Foundation. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Glazer, Peter (2007). Carroll, Peter N.; Fernndez, James D. (eds.). The lifted fist: performing the Spanish Civil War, New York City, 1936''1939. Facing fascism: New York and the Spanish Civil War. Museum of the City of New York. ISBN 978-0814716816. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Goldstein, Robert Justin (2008). American blacklist: the attorney general's list of subversive organizations. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700616046. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Hopkins, James K. (1998). Into the Heart of the Fire: The British in the Spanish Civil War. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804731270. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) James, C.L.R.; H¸gsbjerg, Christian; Dubois, Laurent (December 31, 2012). Toussaint Louverture: The Story of the Only Successful Slave Revolt in History; A Play in Three Acts. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822353140. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Landis, Arthur H. (1967). The Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Citadel Press. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Lewis, David L. (October 17, 2000). W.E.B. Du Bois, 1919''1963: The Fight for Equality and the American Century. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805025347. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Low, Rachael (1985). Film Making in 1930s Britain. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0047910425. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Lustiger, Arno (2003). Stalin and the Jews: The Red Book : the Tragedy of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and the Soviet Jews. Enigma. ISBN 978-1929631100. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Marable, Manning (2005). W.E.B. Du Bois: Black Radical Democrat. Paradigm Publishers. ISBN 978-1594510199. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) McConnell, Lauren (2010). "Understanding Paul Robeson's Soviet Experience". Theatre History Studies. 30 (30): 138''153. doi:10.1353/ths.2010.0003. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Morrison, Michael A. (May 2011). "Paul Robeson's Othello at the Savoy Theatre, 1930". New Theatre Quarterly. 27 (2): 114''40. doi:10.1017/S0266464X11000261. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Nollen, Scott Allen (October 14, 2010). Paul Robeson: Film Pioneer. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786457472. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Pellowski, Michael (2008). Rutgers Football: A Gridiron Tradition in Scarlet. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813542836. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Peterson, Bernard L. (January 1, 1997). The African American Theatre Directory, 1816''1960: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Companies, Theatres, and Performing Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313295379. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Pitt, Larry (1972). Football at Rutgers: A History, 1869''1969. ISBN 978-0813507477. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Richards, Jeffrey (March 21, 2001). The Unknown 1930s: An Alternative History of the British Cinema, 1929''1939. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1860646287. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Richards, Larry (2005). African American Films Through 1959: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Filmography. McFarland. pp. 4''. ISBN 978-0786422746. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Paul Jr. (1978). "Paul Robeson: Black Warrior". In Freedomways (eds.). Paul Robeson: The Great Forerunner. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. pp. 3''16. ISBN 978-0396075455. CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robeson, Susan (1981). The whole world in his hands: a pictorial biography of Paul Robeson. Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0806507545. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robinson, Eugene (1978). "A Distant Image: Paul Robeson and Rutgers' Students". In Freedomways (eds.). Paul Robeson: The Great Forerunner. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN 978-0396075455. CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Robinson, Jackie; Duckett, Alfred (March 19, 2013). I Never Had It Made: An Autobiography of Jackie Robinson. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0062287298. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (1998). 1937: Stalin's Year of Terror. Mehring Books. ISBN 978-0929087771. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Sampson, Henry T. (2005). Swingin' on the Ether Waves: A Chronological History of African Americans in Radio and Television Programming, 1925''1955. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810840874. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Snyder, Timothy (November 25, 2013). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465032976. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Stewart, Jeffrey C., ed. (April 1998). Paul Robeson: artist and citizen. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0813525105. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Harris, Francis C. (1998). Paul Robeson: An Athlete's Legacy. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Naison, Mark (1998). Paul Robeson and the American Labor Movement. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Stuckey, Sterling (1994). Going Through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195086041. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Von Eschen, Penny M. (June 13, 2014). Race against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937''1957. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801471704. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Wade-Lewis, Margaret (2007). Lorenzo Dow Turner: Father of Gullah Studies. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1570036286. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Walsh, Christy (1949). College Football and All America Review. Murray & Gee. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Weisenfeld, Judith (1997). African American Women and Christian Activism: New York's Black YWCA, 1905''1945. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674007789. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Wintz, Cary D., ed. (January 2007). Harlem Speaks: A Living History of the Harlem Renaissance. Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1402204364. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Wright, Charles H. (January 1, 1975). Robeson: Labor's Forgotten Champion. Balamp Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0913642061. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Wyden, Peter (1983). The Passionate War: The Narrative History of the Spanish Civil War, 1936''1939. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0671253301. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Film biographies and documentaries [ edit ] The Tallest Tree in Our Forest (1977)Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist (1979) Paul Robeson on IMDbPaul Robeson '' James Earl Jones One Man Show (1979 TV movie) Paul Robeson on IMDbPaul Robeson: Speak of Me as I Am (1998)Paul Robeson: Here I Stand (1999) PBS American Masters, directed by St. Clair Bourne Paul Robeson on IMDbPaul Robeson: Portraits of an Artist (2007) Irvington: Criterion Collection. ISBN 1934121193.Further reading [ edit ] Callow, Simon, "The Emperor Robeson" (review of Gerald Horne, Paul Robeson: The Artist as Revolutionary, Pluto, 250 pp.; and Jeff Sparrow, No Way But This: In Search of Paul Robeson, Scribe, 292 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXV, no. 2 (February 8, 2018), pp. 8, 10''11.Fordin, Hugh (1986). Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306806681. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) External links [ edit ] Paul Robeson at the FBIPaul Robeson on IMDbPaul Robeson at the Internet Broadway DatabasePaul Robeson at the BFI's ScreenonlinePaul Robeson at AllMusicHistoric 1944 footage of Paul Robeson speaking in New York at celebration honoring his 46th birthday and the anniversary of the Council on African AffairsEight digitally restored recordings of Paul RobesonInstitutions associated [ edit ] Paul Robeson FoundationPaul Robeson HousePaul Robeson Cultural Center at Rutgers University-New BrunswickPaul Robeson Library at Rutgers University-CamdenPaul Robeson Cultural Center at Penn State UniversityPaul Robeson Charter SchoolPaul Robeson Performing Arts CompanyPaul Robeson archives [ edit ] National ArchivesLibrary of CongressRutgers UniversityNew York Public LibraryUniversity of ChicagoMarxists.orgFreedom archivesEmory University: Paul Robeson collection from the Billops-Hatch Archives, 1917''1965Robeson Sound Recording Collection
  • VIDEO - (149) W.E.B. DuBois Speaks! Socialism and the American Negro (Full) - YouTube
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:52
    •  
  • Text - H.R.40 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:49
    •  
    • There is one version of the bill.
    • 116th CONGRESS 1st Session
    • H. R. 40
    • To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African-Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African-Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes.
    • IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
    • Ms. Jackson Lee (for herself, Mr. Serrano , Mr. Cohen , Mr. Khanna , Mr. Meeks , Ms. Moore , Ms. Jayapal , Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Mr. Payne , Ms. Clarke of New York, Ms. Johnson of Texas, Mrs. Beatty , Ms. Schakowsky , Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, Ms. Lee of California, Mr. Green of Texas, Ms. Norton , Mr. Rush , Mr. Nadler , Mr. Danny K. Davis of Illinois, Mr. Engel , Mr. Richmond , Ms. Bass , and Mr. Evans ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
    • A BILL
    • To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African-Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African-Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes.
    • Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of theUnited States of America in Congress assembled,
    • SECTION 1. Short title .
    • This Act may be cited as the ''Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act''.
    • SEC. 2. Findings and purpose .
    • (a) Findings .'--The Congress finds that'--
    • (1) approximately 4,000,000 Africans and their descendants were enslaved in the United States and colonies that became the United States from 1619 to 1865;
    • (2) the institution of slavery was constitutionally and statutorily sanctioned by the Government of the United States from 1789 through 1865;
    • (3) the slavery that flourished in the United States constituted an immoral and inhumane deprivation of Africans' life, liberty, African citizenship rights, and cultural heritage, and denied them the fruits of their own labor;
    • (4) a preponderance of scholarly, legal, community evidentiary documentation and popular culture markers constitute the basis for inquiry into the on-going effects of the institution of slavery and its legacy of persistent systemic structures of discrimination on living African-Americans and society in the United States; and
    • (5) following the abolition of slavery the United States Government, at the Federal, State, and local level, continued to perpetuate, condone and often profit from practices that continued to brutalize and disadvantage African-Americans, including share cropping, convict leasing, Jim Crow, redlining, unequal education, and disproportionate treatment at the hands of the criminal justice system; and
    • (6) as a result of the historic and continued discrimination, African-Americans continue to suffer debilitating economic, educational, and health hardships including but not limited to having nearly 1,000,000 black people incarcerated; an unemployment rate more than twice the current white unemployment rate; and an average of less than 1 '16 of the wealth of white families, a disparity which has worsened, not improved over time.
    • (b) Purpose .'--The purpose of this Act is to establish a commission to study and develop Reparation proposals for African-Americans as a result of'--
    • (1) the institution of slavery, including both the Trans-Atlantic and the domestic ''trade'' which existed from 1565 in colonial Florida and from 1619 through 1865 within the other colonies that became the United States, and which included the Federal and State governments which constitutionally and statutorily supported the institution of slavery;
    • (2) the de jure and de facto discrimination against freed slaves and their descendants from the end of the Civil War to the present, including economic, political, educational, and social discrimination;
    • (3) the lingering negative effects of the institution of slavery and the discrimination described in paragraphs (1) and (2) on living African-Americans and on society in the United States;
    • (4) the manner in which textual and digital instructional resources and technologies are being used to deny the inhumanity of slavery and the crime against humanity of people of African descent in the United States;
    • (5) the role of Northern complicity in the Southern based institution of slavery;
    • (6) the direct benefits to societal institutions, public and private, including higher education, corporations, religious and associational;
    • (7) and thus, recommend appropriate ways to educate the American public of the Commission's findings;
    • (8) and thus, recommend appropriate remedies in consideration of the Commission's findings on the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6); and
    • (9) submit to the Congress the results of such examination, together with such recommendations.
    • SEC. 3. Establishment and duties .
    • (a) Establishment .'--There is established the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the ''Commission'').
    • (b) Duties .'--The Commission shall perform the following duties:
    • (1) Identify, compile and synthesize the relevant corpus of evidentiary documentation of the institution of slavery which existed within the United States and the colonies that became the United States from 1619 through 1865. The Commission's documentation and examination shall include but not be limited to the facts related to'--
    • (A) the capture and procurement of Africans;
    • (B) the transport of Africans to the United States and the colonies that became the United States for the purpose of enslavement, including their treatment during transport;
    • (C) the sale and acquisition of Africans as chattel property in interstate and intrastate commerce;
    • (D) the treatment of African slaves in the colonies and the United States, including the deprivation of their freedom, exploitation of their labor, and destruction of their culture, language, religion, and families; and
    • (E) the extensive denial of humanity, sexual abuse and the chatellization of persons.
    • (2) The role which the Federal and State governments of the United States supported the institution of slavery in constitutional and statutory provisions, including the extent to which such governments prevented, opposed, or restricted efforts of formerly enslaved Africans and their descendants to repatriate to their homeland.
    • (3) The Federal and State laws that discriminated against formerly enslaved Africans and their descendants who were deemed United States citizens from 1868 to the present.
    • (4) The other forms of discrimination in the public and private sectors against freed African slaves and their descendants who were deemed United States citizens from 1868 to the present, including redlining, educational funding discrepancies, and predatory financial practices.
    • (5) The lingering negative effects of the institution of slavery and the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) on living African-Americans and on society in the United States.
    • (6) Recommend appropriate ways to educate the American public of the Commission's findings.
    • (7) Recommend appropriate remedies in consideration of the Commission's findings on the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6). In making such recommendations, the Commission shall address among other issues, the following questions:
    • (A) How such recommendations comport with international standards of remedy for wrongs and injuries caused by the State, that include full reparations and special measures, as understood by various relevant international protocols, laws, and findings.
    • (B) How the Government of the United States will offer a formal apology on behalf of the people of the United States for the perpetration of gross human rights violations and crimes against humanity on African slaves and their descendants.
    • (C) How Federal laws and policies that continue to disproportionately and negatively affect African-Americans as a group, and those that perpetuate the lingering effects, materially and psycho-social, can be eliminated.
    • (D) How the injuries resulting from matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) can be reversed and provide appropriate policies, programs, projects and recommendations for the purpose of reversing the injuries.
    • (E) How, in consideration of the Commission's findings, any form of compensation to the descendants of enslaved African is calculated.
    • (F) What form of compensation should be awarded, through what instrumentalities and who should be eligible for such compensation.
    • (G) How, in consideration of the Commission's findings, any other forms of rehabilitation or restitution to African descendants is warranted and what the form and scope of those measures should take.
    • (c) Report to congress .'--The Commission shall submit a written report of its findings and recommendations to the Congress not later than the date which is one year after the date of the first meeting of the Commission held pursuant to section 4(c).
    • SEC. 4. Membership .
    • (a) Number and appointment .'-- (1) The Commission shall be composed of 13 members, who shall be appointed, within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, as follows:
    • (A) Three members shall be appointed by the President.
    • (B) Three members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
    • (C) One member shall be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate.
    • (D) Six members shall be selected from the major civil society and reparations organizations that have historically championed the cause of reparatory justice.
    • (2) All members of the Commission shall be persons who are especially qualified to serve on the Commission by virtue of their education, training, activism or experience, particularly in the field of African-American studies and reparatory justice.
    • (b) Terms .'--The term of office for members shall be for the life of the Commission. A vacancy in the Commission shall not affect the powers of the Commission and shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.
    • (c) First meeting .'--The President shall call the first meeting of the Commission within 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act or within 30 days after the date on which legislation is enacted making appropriations to carry out this Act, whichever date is later.
    • (d) Quorum .'--Seven members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings.
    • (e) Chair and vice chair .'--The Commission shall elect a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members. The term of office of each shall be for the life of the Commission.
    • (f) Compensation .'-- (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), each member of the Commission shall receive compensation at the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay payable for GS''18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, for each day, including travel time, during which he or she is engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the Commission.
    • (2) A member of the Commission who is a full-time officer or employee of the United States or a Member of Congress shall receive no additional pay, allowances, or benefits by reason of his or her service to the Commission.
    • (3) All members of the Commission shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties to the extent authorized by chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.
    • SEC. 5. Powers of the Commission .
    • (a) Hearings and sessions .'--The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act, hold such hearings and sit and act at such times and at such places in the United States, and request the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents, as the Commission considers appropriate. The Commission may invoke the aid of an appropriate United States district court to require, by subpoena or otherwise, such attendance, testimony, or production.
    • (b) Powers of subcommittees and members .'--Any subcommittee or member of the Commission may, if authorized by the Commission, take any action which the Commission is authorized to take by this section.
    • (c) Obtaining official data .'--The Commission may acquire directly from the head of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Government, available information which the Commission considers useful in the discharge of its duties. All departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the executive branch of the Government shall cooperate with the Commission with respect to such information and shall furnish all information requested by the Commission to the extent permitted by law.
    • SEC. 6. Administrative provisions .
    • (a) Staff .'--The Commission may, without regard to section 5311(b) of title 5, United States Code, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as the Commission considers appropriate.
    • (b) Applicability of certain civil service laws .'--The staff of the Commission may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, except that the compensation of any employee of the Commission may not exceed a rate equal to the annual rate of basic pay payable for GS''18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code.
    • (c) Experts and consultants .'--The Commission may procure the services of experts and consultants in accordance with the provisions of section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of such title.
    • (d) Administrative support services .'--The Commission may enter into agreements with the Administrator of General Services for procurement of financial and administrative services necessary for the discharge of the duties of the Commission. Payment for such services shall be made by reimbursement from funds of the Commission in such amounts as may be agreed upon by the Chairman of the Commission and the Administrator.
    • (e) Contracts .'--The Commission may'--
    • (1) procure supplies, services, and property by contract in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and to the extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts; and
    • (2) enter into contracts with departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Federal Government, State agencies, and private firms, institutions, and agencies, for the conduct of research or surveys, the preparation of reports, and other activities necessary for the discharge of the duties of the Commission, to the extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts.
    • SEC. 7. Termination .
    • The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits its report to the Congress under section 3(c).
    • SEC. 8. Authorization of appropriations .
    • To carry out the provisions of this Act, there are authorized to be appropriated $12,000,000.
  • ActBlue '-- Billions raised online since 2004
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:35
    •  
    • Flexible & free fundraising tools to harness the power of the grassroots Single-Click Donating Meet ActBlue Express Lane
    • 9,283,235 Democratic donors have saved their payment information with us via an ActBlue Express account.
    • The best part? Express users can use their account to give to any candidate or organization on ActBlue. And with our ActBlue Express Lane toolset, you can build single-click automatic payment links for your fundraising emails. That means happier supporters and higher conversion rates.
    • Get to know us Why we're better Free customizable Contribution Forms and flexible fundraising tools, wherever you are
    • Unlimited brandedContribution Forms
    • Data and easy-to-use analytics tools at your fingertips
    • Mobile-optimized Forms that keep your conversion rates sky-high
    • A customer service team that handles all of your donor questions, saving you time and money
    • Trusted by the grassroots Powering Democratic candidates, committees, parties, organizations, and c4s around the country.
    • ActBlue is an invaluable tool not only to the DCCC, but to the whole party. They make it easy for supporters to give with a single click! Julia Ager, Chief Digital Officer, DCCC
    • With ActBlue's tools, we've been able to create a powerful online donor community who can give with a single click. That means more resources for the dozens of women running for office that my Off the Sidelines PAC supports. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand
    • ActBlue has changed the way people think about political fundraising, building a piece of infrastructure for the progressive movement that makes candidates beholden to small-dollar donors. We can always count on ActBlue to be innovating, keeping us on the cutting edge and raising the most money possible. Becky Bond, President, CREDO SuperPAC
    • I've used ActBlue since the first day of my U.S. Senate campaign in 2007. ActBlue empowers progressive, grassroots donors to fight back against the super PACs, the Koch Brothers, and the right-wing billionaires. Let's keep it up! Sen. Jeff Merkley
  • ColorOfChange '-- Donate via ActBlue
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:34
    •  
    • We are powered by those who want freedom from racism and injustice. That's you.
    • Color Of Change helps you respond effectively to the injustice you see in the world around you. We effectively challenge the corporations that need to be challenged. We effectively challenge the politicians who need to be challenged. We don't stop. Until justice is real.
    • It doesn't cost anything to be a member, but when you donate, you help us take on more winning campaigns, launch more strategic initiatives, and go after the people who are standing in the way of progress'--for Black people and all people. Color Of Change is here to make decision makers nervous when they think about neglecting and exploiting our communities. By holding them accountable, and championing solutions for social change, we are making society less hostile and more human for Black people in America. Help us do it.
    • Contribution rulesActBlue Civics is a registered charitable organization formed to democratize social welfare giving. A copy of our latest financial report may be obtained by emailing info@actblue.com or calling (617) 517-7600. Alternatively, our report detailing our programs, a financial summary, and the percentage of contributions dedicated to our purpose, along with a copy of our license, may be obtained from the following state agencies: FLORIDA (registration #CH48620) -- Division of Consumer Services 800-435-7352 www.800helpfla.com; GEORGIA (registration #CH012404) -- contact ActBlue Civics; MARYLAND (registration #32940) -- Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401; NEW JERSEY (registration #CH3992100) -- Attorney General, 973-504-6215, www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/charfrm.htm; NEW YORK (registration #45-70-70) -- Attorney General, Charities Bureau, 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271; NORTH CAROLINA (registration #SL010079) -- State Soliciting Licensing Branch, 888-830-4989; PENNSYLVANIA (registration #106113) -- Department of State, 800-732-0999; VIRGINIA -- Office of Charitable and Regulatory Programs, PO Box 1163, Richmond, VA 23218; WASHINGTON (registration #38989) -- Secretary of State, Charities Division, Olympia, WA 98504-0422, 800-332-4483; WISCONSIN (registration #16863 - 800) -- contact ActBlue Civics. Registration with and reporting to these agencies does not imply endorsement, approval, or recommendation of ActBlue Civics.This contribution is made from my own funds or the funds of an authorizing corporation or other entity, and the funds are not being provided by any other person or entity.*To donate by check* please mail to: ColorOfChange.org, 1714 Franklin Street Suite 100-136, Oakland CA 94612-3409. Contributions or gifts to ColorOfChange are not tax deductible as charitable contributions or as business expenses under IRC Section 162(e).
  • Jimmy Dore - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 14:02
    •  
    • James Patrick Anthony Dore (born July 26, 1965) is an American stand-up comedian and political commentator best known for hosting The Jimmy Dore Show.
    • Early life [ edit ] Dore was born in southwest Chicago, Illinois on July 26, 1965, into a Catholic family of Polish and Irish descent. He has eleven siblings. He graduated from Columbia College Chicago[1] with a degree in marketing communications.[2] Dore started performing in 1989[3][4] and currently lives in Pasadena with his wife Stef Zamorano.
    • Career [ edit ] Comedy [ edit ] Dore has made appearances on late-night television on shows such as ABC's Jimmy Kimmel Live!, CBS's The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn, and NBC's Late Friday. He was the lead performer in a Comedy Central Presents half-hour special on April 9, 2004, and Comedy Central's Citizen Jimmy, a one-hour stand-up special which was chosen "Best of 2008" by iTunes. He was a writer''performer for the off-Broadway hit The Marijuana-Logues. He has also performed at Just for Laughs in Montreal, the U.S. Comedy Arts Festival, the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, the Amsterdam Comedy Festival, and for U.S. troops in Afghanistan.[4] Dore had a role in the 2008 documentary film Super High Me and hosted the podcast Comedy And Everything Else with his wife Stefane Zamorano and previously with Todd Glass, who departed from the show in late 2009.
    • Much of his material is focused on the corporate news media, social criticism, and politics. He also hosts his monthly show, Left, Right & Ridiculous, at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Hollywood. Dore's first book, Your Country Is Just Not That Into You, was published in 2014. A comedy special, Sentenced to Live, was released on October 6, 2015.
    • The Jimmy Dore Show [ edit ] In June 2009, he began producing The Jimmy Dore Show, a weekly one-hour comedic look at the news, which originates at KPFK 90.7 FM Los Angeles, airs nationally on the Pacifica Radio Network. It aired online on TYT Network from 2009 to 2019. Dore appeared as a frequent guest host on Current TV's political commentary show The Young Turks with Cenk Uygur. Dore continued working with Uygur on The Young Turks as it became an on-line network. In July 2017, Dore began hosting his own show on the network called "Aggressive Progressives."[5]
    • CNN describes Dore's show as "a far-left YouTube channel that peddles conspiracy theories, such as the idea that Syrian chemical weapons attacks are hoaxes".[6] Dore responded by saying of his show that, "We actually debunk conspiracy theories like the one that says Assad gassed his own people."[7] In September 2019, the investigative journalism site Bellingcat reported that Dore had received $2,500 from The Association for Investment in Popular Action Committees in 2017, a pro-Assad lobbying group.[8] That same year, Dore argued that the chemical weapons attack on the opposition-held town of Khan Sheikhun was likely to have been a "false flag," orchestrated by groups opposed to Assad.[8] The United Nations has confirmed that the Syrian government was responsible for the attack.[8][9]
    • Dore was supportive of the Bernie Sanders campaign in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, being called "Sanders-obsessed" by The Washington Post.[10] He was critical of Senator Elizabeth Warren for not defending Sanders in the primaries.[11] Dore later asserted that a Hillary Clinton presidency would be worse for progressives and for the United States than a Donald Trump presidency, saying "don't freak out about a Donald Trump presidency! I think, in fact, my theory is that it's even better for progressives in the short-term, meaning in the two-year term, and in four years for sure."[12] A Washington Post article in January 2017 stated that since the presidential election, Dore had "lit into Democrats for blaming hackers for their loss, raised doubts about the credibility of intelligence agencies, and seen the heavy hand of war hawks hyping the Russia connection to destabilize Europe and the Middle East."[13]
    • In May 2017, Dore discussed conspiracy theories over the murder of Seth Rich and questioned statements by law enforcement and Rich's family.[14] Dore cited a retracted Fox News story to substantiate his claims, and continued to insist that there were ''a lot of red flags'' and there ''is probably something more to this story'' including after the Fox News retraction.[15]
    • On April 13, 2019 during a livestream, Dore officially announced his departure from The Young Turks Network, citing a desire to focus on his own show and his live performances.[16] Later that evening, his former boss, Cenk Uygur, confirmed his departure on Twitter.[17]
    • He has been a staunch critic of the Special Counsel investigation into potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.[18]
    • Discography [ edit ] It's Not Brain Surgery (2000)Really? (2008)Citizen Jimmy (2008)It's 2016 (2016)References [ edit ] ^ "Great Britain Explained in a Way That Makes Sense". YouTube. ^ "Almost No One Is Watching Morning Cable News". YouTube. ^ Carnes, Jim (June 21, 2006). "Comedian Jimmy Dore: TiVo to Mac to stage". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved April 6, 2012 . ^ a b Perlman, Daniel (July 30, 2008). "Jimmy Dore: Waging War on Stupidity". Punchline Magazine. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008 . Retrieved October 7, 2008 . ^ "Aggressive Progressives - TYT.com". tyt.com. ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Murphy, Paul P.; Yurieff, Kaya (April 20, 2018). "Exclusive: YouTube ran ads from hundreds of brands on extremist channels". CNNMoney . Retrieved November 7, 2018 . ^ "Jimmy Dore on Twitter". Twitter . Retrieved November 7, 2018 . ^ a b c Davis, Charles (September 30, 2019). "Pro-Assad Lobby Group Rewards Bloggers On Both The Left And The Right". bellingcat . Retrieved 2 October 2019 . ^ "Syrian government to blame for April sarin attack: U.N. report". October 27, 2017 '' via www.reuters.com. ^ Weigel, David (May 27, 2016). "Why The Young Turks, and their viewers, love Bernie Sanders". Washington Post . Retrieved July 20, 2017 . ^ Wagner, John; Gearan, Anne; Weigel, David (July 1, 2016). "Does Hillary Clinton really need Elizabeth Warren on the ticket?". Washington Post . Retrieved July 20, 2017 . ^ Dore, Jimmy. "Hillary Presidency Worse For Progressives & America Than Trump". YouTube . Retrieved 13 May 2019 . ^ Weigel, Dave (January 13, 2017). "Some on the left want Democrats to move on from Russian hacking". The Washington Post . Retrieved August 19, 2019 . ^ "Analysis | The Seth Rich conspiracy shows how fake news still works". Washington Post . Retrieved 2017-07-20 . ^ Marcotte, Amanda. "Tale of 2 hoaxes: The Seth Rich conspiracy theory and "Conceptual Penis" prank both expose a fear of women's power". Salon . Retrieved 2017-07-20 . ^ Dore, Jimmy (2019-04-14). "Jimmy Dore Leaving TYT Explained". YouTube. The Jimmy Dore Show . Retrieved 2019-04-16 . ^ Uygur, Cenk [@cenkuygur] (April 13, 2019). "I had plenty of disagreements with @jimmy_dore in the last year but I always believed in him - and still do. He left @TheYoungTurks network today but he did it with incredible grace. I was proud to have him with us & be an independent voice checking us, as he does with all media" (Tweet) . Retrieved April 13, 2019 '' via Twitter. ^ Halper, Katie (2019-04-05). "Tips for a post-Mueller media from 9 Russiagate skeptics". Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting . Retrieved 2019-10-03 . External links [ edit ]
  • Pennsylvania State Senate votes to override governor's stay-at-home order
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Source: Signs of the Times
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:42
    •  
    • (C) Zach Gibson/Getty Images A demonstrator holds a sign Thursday at the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond, Virginia. ReOpen Virginia, End The Lockdown VA and Virginians Against Excessive Quarantine gathered to protest continuing stay-at-home restrictions.
    • The Pennsylvania State Senate on Wednesday sent a bill that would partially lift the lockdown on most of the state's businesses to Gov. Tom Wolf's (D) desk.
    • The measure, Senate Bill 613, would require the governor's office to align with federal guidelines in determining which businesses will be allowed to reopen during the pandemic, allowing all those that can safely operate with mitigation strategies under Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency guidelines.
    • The measure passed the senate 29-21 Wednesday after passing the state House 107-95 Tuesday.
    • The Republican senate also approved a bill that would allow county governments to implement their own plans to reopen independent of the state's plan.
    • The Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee condemned the move, which comes the same day protesters in Michigan and Ohio demonstrated in favor of reopening without observing social distancing guidelines.
    • "The Pennsylvania GOP has a storied history of passing irresponsible legislation, but even I'm surprised they've stooped so low," DLCC President Jessica Post said in a statement. "Republicans have sent the message loud and clear: they don't care about Pennsylvania families or the lives that will be lost should this legislation become law. The GOP's focus should be on saving lives, not saving the stock market."
    • State Rep. Mike Jones (R) told WGAL, a local NBC affiliate, that the process by which businesses apply for waivers in the state lacked transparency.
    • "I think the waiver process has been extremely inefficient. We're concerned it's been very unfair. The problem is it's also not been made public," he told the outlet. "Those are the big three that virtually every other state in the nation, including many of the surrounding states, continue to operate, and it's coming at the expense of our state."
    • Wolf has not said whether he will sign the measure but has said he will consider it. Earlier this week he joined a compact of northeastern governors including the governors of Delaware, New York, Rhode Island and Connecticut to develop a regional plan for reopening when it is deemed appropriate.
  • Coronavirus runs roughshod over debt-laden belt and road projects | South China Morning Post
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Sat, 18 Apr 2020 12:28
    •  
    • Published: 12:05am, 15 Apr, 2020
    • Updated: 1:34am, 15 Apr, 2020

• Music in this episode
  • Intro: Yankee and the Brave - Run the Jewels
  • Outro: Matt Redman - Let My People Go

• ShowNotes Archive

• Donate to the show at moefundme.com

• Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed

• Podcast Feed

• For more information: MoeFactz.com