- Moe Factz with Adam Curry for October 12th 2020, Episode number 51
- Description
- Adam and Moe look at narrative vs facts of the civil rights movement and it's effects
- Executive Producers:
- Sir Stolkson - The Plymouth / Pinellas Paladin
- Associate Executive Producers:
- ShowNotes
- Actions - S.4284 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): School Choice Now Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress
- Sponsor: Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC] (Introduced 07/22/2020) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/22/2020 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker:This bill has the status Introduced
- Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
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- Date Actions Overview 07/22/2020Introduced in Senate 07/22/2020 Introduced in Senate
- The School Choice Now Act And The Fate Of Private Schools
- WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 23: U.S. Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC) speaks to members of the media after the ... [+] weekly Senate Republican Policy Luncheon at Hart Senate Office Building June 23, 2020 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
- Getty ImagesOn Wednesday, U.S. Sens. Tim Scott and Lamar Alexander introduced the School Choice Now Act, a bill to support children attending private schools in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. In addition to a one-time emergency infusion of capital to scholarship-granting organizations that would pass the money on to families to fund their children's schooling, the bill also creates a permanent federal tax credit for donations to non-profit scholarship-granting organizations.
- The School Choice Now Act would be an important and helpful step in securing a future for private schooling in America.
- The Irish economist David McWilliams has described our current economic situation as a ''pandession.'' Unlike previous recessions, depressions, and downturns, our current situation was not created by bad policy or risky investments. Rather, it is the result of a once-in-a-generation external shock that sent our economy into hibernation and our population into our homes.
- The policy response to a pandession is different than a policy response to a recession. Businesses that are shedding jobs and going out of business today are not doing so because of bad choices that they made or the creative destruction of the marketplace. They are closing either because the government told their consumers to stay home, the government has ordered them to stay closed, or the uncontrolled spread of the virus has spooked their customers. None of these things are in businesses' control.
- Schools are no exception. The Cato Institute has tracked 107 private schools that have permanently closed in the wake of the coronavirus. Those schools enrolled a total of 16,339 students, many of whom will be returning to public schools at an estimated cost to the public of more than $250 million. This comes at a time when public school budgets are getting hit by the economic fallout of the pandession.
- Private schools are an important part of our nation's education system. In the summer issue of City Journal, Notre Dame law professor Nicole Stelle Garnett writes movingly about why we still need Catholic schools. Catholic schools have a proud tradition of serving low-income, minority, and immigrant communities and forming young people both academically and civically. According to the Cato school closure counter, 90 of the 107 closing private schools were Catholic. But beyond Catholic schools, private schools are part of a pluralistic vision of education that allows more families to find the schools that meet the needs of their children. They are worthy of support.
- Even if you don't like private schools, a mass coronavirus-related private school Armageddon would not be good for public schools. As my EdChoice colleagues have calculated, if 10 percent of private school students returned to public schools this fall, the price tag would reach $6.7 billion, with $3.3 billion falling on states that are already reeling from decreased tax revenues. Bump that up to 30 percent of private school students and public schools will have to come up with $20 billion. That money doesn't just hide in the couch cushions.
- The justification for immediate support is pretty clear. But what about the continued support via a permanent tax credit for people donating to scholarship-granting organizations? Federalizing school choice runs a lot of risks. School choice supporters won't always be at the helm. Those who oppose school choice could use the program to push onerous and stifling regulations on participating schools. Private schools that are reliant on the scholarship dollars that the federal tax credit encourages could lose some of their autonomy and distinctiveness. There are risks for sure.
- At the same time, my friends and former colleagues Nat Malkus of the American Enterprise Institute and Max Eden of the Manhattan Institute have both written convincingly that the risks of a federal scholarship tax credit program are worth the rewards. As Nat put it, ''It would not be a federal program, but a tax credit that supports programs where states are explicitly responsible for policy particulars.'' States would be in control of determining eligibility, setting the regulations for participating schools, and the like. Even with changes in Washington, states would still be in control.
- With respect to the political concerns, Max points out that there are elements that choice skeptics might like:
- ''For one thing, blue states could use [Education Freedom Scholarships, a previous iteration of federal tax credit scholarships] to support their public school systems. States could create transportation scholarships, for example, to defray the cost of busing urban students into suburban schools as part of integration efforts. Teachers' unions could partner with state lawmakers to create tutoring scholarships that would pay teachers for what many do now for free after school.''
- Perhaps the School Choice Now Act could be a place where those from the left and right could come together to grant more decision-making power to local actors to create the schools and school systems that meet the diverse needs of their communities. If that were the case, it would be a silver lining to the dark cloud of the pandession and the virus that created it.
- Scott and Chairman Alexander Introduce School Choice Now Act | U.S. Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina
- Wednesday | July 22, 2020 WASHINGTON '' U.S. Senator Tim Scott (R-S.C.), Congressional School Choice Caucus co-chair, introduced the School Choice Now Act '' legislation that ensures all students will return to their pre-pandemic educational institutions. Senator Scott was joined by Senate Education Committee Chairman Lamar Alexander (R-TN). "Growing up in a single-parent household in a distressed neighborhood, I fully understand what it means to be overlooked and underserved. As a supporter of School Choice legislation, I am a firm believer that a child's zip code should not dictate his or her access to quality education nor define the child's future," said Senator Tim Scott. ''We must ensure that all children have access to the necessary resources and opportunities '' education included '' to live a successful life. I'm thankful for the support of Chairman Alexander and hope that my colleagues will support our nation's most vulnerable youth by passing this legislation." "All parents, regardless of income or circumstance, should be able to decide which school best meets their child's needs, whether that school is public or private," Alexander said. "The School Choice Now Act provides scholarships to students to have the opportunity to return to the private school they attended before the pandemic'--and gives other students a new opportunity to attend private school." "Children in all K-12 schools, public and private, have been affected by COVID-19," Alexander continued. "Many schools are choosing not to reopen and many schools are failing to provide high-quality distance learning. The students who will suffer from this experience the most are the children from lower income families. This bill will give families more options for their children's education at a time that school is more important than ever."
- ''As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, more than 76 million American students had to finish their school year from home earlier this year. Many students will have modified schooling in the fall,'' said Sen. Cruz. ''The School Choice Now Act includes provisions of my Education Freedom Scholarships and Opportunity Act, giving public school, private school, and homeschool families the resources they need to ensure their students have access to a quality education in these uncertain times, and ushering in a new era of choice and opportunity in education.''
- The School Choice Now Act, if passed, would:
- Provide one-time, emergency appropriations funding for scholarship-granting organizations in each state. Scholarship-granting organizations would be authorized to use the one-time funding to provide families with direct educational assistance, including private school tuition and home-schooling expenses Parents could choose the academic instruction that works best for their child Provide permanent dollar-for-dollar federal tax credits for contributions to scholarship-granting organizations, capped at $5 billion per year Allow states to create their own tax credit scholarship program that works for the unique needs of students in their state Prohibit federal control of education to ensure that all education providers may be able to participate without fear of federal control Senator Scott has been a longtime champion of smart, common-sense education policy that puts students and families first. In conjunction with National School Choice Week and his Opportunity Agenda, Senator Scott introduced the Creating Hope and Opportunity for Individuals and Communities Through Education Act, or the CHOICE Act. The CHOICE Act would give military families, families of students with disabilities, and low-income students in Washington, D.C.'--together totaling more than 6.2 million students nationwide'--access to greater educational opportunity. Senator Scott and Chairman Alexander will be releasing a joint video this week on the importance of the School Choice Now legislation. Full text of the bill is available HERE.
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- A Raisin in the Sun - Wikipedia
- Play by Lorraine Hansberry
- A Raisin in the SunWritten byLorraine Vivian HansberryCharactersWalter YoungerRuth YoungerBeneatha YoungerTravis YoungerLena Younger (Mama)George MurchisonJoseph AsagaiKarl LindnerMrs. JohnsonMoving MenDate premieredMarch 11, 1959 ( 1959-03-11 ) Place premieredEthel Barrymore TheatreOriginal languageEnglishGenreDomestic dramaSettingSouth Side, ChicagoA Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959.[1] The title comes from the poem "Harlem" (also known as "A Dream Deferred"[2]) by Langston Hughes. The story tells of a black family's experiences in south Chicago, as they attempt to improve their financial circumstances with an insurance payout following the death of the father. The New York Drama Critics' Circle named it the best play of 1959, and in recent years publications such as The Independent[3] and Time Out[4] have listed it among the best plays ever written.
- Plot [ edit ] Walter and Ruth Younger, their son Travis, along with Walter's mother Lena (Mama) and Walter's sister Beneatha, live in poverty in a dilapidated two-bedroom apartment on Chicago's south side. Walter is barely making a living as a limousine driver. Though Ruth is content with their lot, Walter is not and desperately wishes to become wealthy. His plan is to invest in a liquor store in partnership with Willy and Bobo, his street-smart acquaintances.
- At the beginning of the play, Walter and Beneatha's father has recently died, and Mama (Lena) is waiting for a life insurance check for $10,000. Walter has a sense of entitlement to the money, but Mama has religious objections to alcohol, and Beneatha has to remind him it is Mama's call how to spend it. Eventually, Mama puts some of the money down on a new house, choosing an all-white neighborhood over a black one for the practical reason that it happens to be much cheaper. Later she relents and gives the rest of the money to Walter to invest with the provision that he reserve $3,000 for Beneatha's education. Walter gives all of the money to Willy, who absconds with it, depriving Walter and Beneatha of their dreams, though not the Youngers of their new home. Meanwhile, Karl Lindner, a white representative of the neighborhood they plan to move to, makes a generous offer to buy them out. He wishes to avoid neighborhood tensions over the interracial population, which to the three women's horror Walter prepares to accept as a solution to their financial setback. Lena says that while money was something they try to work for, they should never take it if it was a person's way of telling them they weren't fit to walk the same earth as they.
- Meanwhile, Beneatha's character and direction in life are being defined for us by two different men: her wealthy and educated boyfriend George Murchison, and Joseph Asagai. Neither man is actively involved in the Youngers' financial ups and downs. George represents the "fully assimilated black man" who denies his African heritage with a "smarter than thou" attitude, which Beneatha finds disgusting, while dismissively mocking Walter's lack of money and education. Joseph patiently teaches Beneatha about her African heritage; he gives her thoughtfully useful gifts from Africa while pointing out she is unwittingly assimilating herself into white ways. She straightens her hair, for example, which he characterizes as "mutilation".
- When Beneatha becomes distraught at the loss of the money, she is scolded by Joseph for her materialism. She eventually accepts his point of view that things will get better with a lot of effort, along with his proposal of marriage and his invitation to move with him to Nigeria to practice medicine.
- Walter is oblivious to the stark contrast between George and Joseph: his pursuit of wealth can be attained only by liberating himself from Joseph's culture, to which he attributes his poverty, and by rising to George's level, wherein he sees his salvation. Walter redeems himself and black pride at the end by changing his mind and not accepting the buyout offer, stating that the family is proud of who they are and will try to be good neighbors. The play closes with the family leaving for their new home but uncertain future.
- The character Mrs. Johnson and a few scenes were cut from the Broadway performance and in reproductions due to time constraints. Mrs. Johnson is the Younger family's nosy and loud neighbor. She cannot understand how the family can consider moving to a white neighborhood and jokes that she will probably read in the newspaper in a month that they have been killed in a bombing. Her lines are employed as comic relief, but Hansberry also uses this scene to mock those who are too scared to stand up for their rights. In the introduction by Robert B. Nemiroff, he writes that the scene is included in print because it draws attention away from a seemingly happy ending to a more violent reality inspired by Hansberry's own experiences.
- Litigation [ edit ] What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?
- Langston Hughes (1951)[5]
- Experiences in this play echo a lawsuit (Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940)), to which the playwright Lorraine Hansberry's family was a party when they fought to have their day in court because a previous class action about racially motivated restrictive covenants (Burke v. Kleiman, 277 Ill. App. 519 (1934)) had been similar to their situation. This case was heard prior to the passage of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968), which prohibited discrimination in housing and created the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. The Hansberry family won their right to be heard as a matter of due process of law in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court held that the Hansberry defendants were not bound by the Burke decision because the class of defendants in the respective cases had conflicting goals, and thus could not be considered to be the same class.
- The plaintiff in the first action in 1934 was Olive Ida Burke, who brought the suit on behalf of a property owners' association to enforce racial restrictions. Her husband, James Burke, later sold a house to Carl Hansberry (Lorraine's father) when he changed his mind about the validity of the covenant. Mr. Burke's decision may have been motivated by the changing demographics of the neighborhood, but it was also influenced by the Depression. The demand for houses was so low among white buyers that Mr. Hansberry may have been the only prospective purchaser available.[6]
- Lorraine reflects upon the litigation in her book To Be Young, Gifted, and Black:
- "Twenty-five years ago, [my father] spent a small personal fortune, his considerable talents, and many years of his life fighting, in association with NAACP attorneys, Chicago's 'restrictive covenants' in one of this nation's ugliest ghettos. That fight also required our family to occupy disputed property in a hellishly hostile 'white neighborhood' in which literally howling mobs surrounded our house. ... My memories of this 'correct' way of fighting white supremacy in America include being spat at, cursed and pummeled in the daily trek to and from school. And I also remember my desperate and courageous mother, patrolling our household all night with a loaded German Luger (pistol), doggedly guarding her four children, while my father fought the respectable part of the battle in the Washington court."
- The Hansberry house, a red-brick three-flat at 6140 S. Rhodes in Washington Park that they bought in 1937, was given landmark status by the Chicago City Council's Committee on Historical Landmarks Preservation in 2010.[7]
- Production and reception [ edit ] With a cast in which all but one character is black, A Raisin in the Sun was considered a risky investment, and it took over a year for producer Philip Rose to raise enough money to launch it. There was disagreement with how it should be played, with focus on the mother or focus on the son. When the play hit New York, Poitier played it with the focus on the son and found not only his calling but also an audience enthralled.[8]
- After touring to positive reviews, the play premiered on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on March 11, 1959. It transferred to the Belasco Theatre on October 19, 1959, and closed on June 25, 1960, after 530 total performances. Directed by Lloyd Richards, the cast comprised:
- Sidney Poitier '' Walter Lee YoungerRuby Dee '' Ruth YoungerIvan Dixon '' Joseph AsagaiLonne Elder III '' BoboJohn Fiedler '' Karl LindnerLouis Gossett '' George MurchisonClaudia McNeil '' Lena YoungerDiana Sands '' Beneatha YoungerGlynn Turman '' Travis YoungerEd Hall '' moving manDouglas Turner '' moving manOssie Davis later took over as Walter Lee Younger, and Frances Williams as Lena Younger.
- Waiting for the curtain to rise on opening night, Hansberry and producer Rose did not expect the play to be a success, for it had already received mixed reviews from a preview audience the night before. Though it won popular and critical acclaim, reviewers argued about whether the play was "universal" or particular to black experience.[9] It was then produced on tour.
- A Raisin in the Sun was the first play written by a black woman to be produced on Broadway, as well as the first with a black director, Mr. Richards.[10]
- Hansberry noted that her play introduced details of black life to the overwhelmingly white Broadway audiences, while director Richards observed that it was the first play to which large numbers of black people were drawn.[10] Frank Rich, writing in The New York Times in 1983, stated that A Raisin in the Sun "changed American theater forever".[11] In 2016, Claire Brennan wrote in The Guardian that "The power and craft of the writing make A Raisin in the Sun as moving today as it was then."[12]
- In 1960 A Raisin In The Sun was nominated for four Tony Awards:
- Best Play '' written by Lorraine Hansberry; produced by Philip Rose, David J. CoganBest Actor in Play '' Sidney PoitierBest Actress in a Play '' Claudia McNeilBest Direction of a Play '' Lloyd RichardsOther versions [ edit ] West End production, 1959 [ edit ] Some five months after its Broadway opening, Hansberry's play appeared in London's West End, playing at the Adelphi Theatre from August 4, 1959. As on Broadway, the director was Lloyd Richards, and the cast was as follows:
- Kim Hamilton '' Ruth YoungerJohn Adan '' Travis YoungerEarle Hyman '' Walter Lee YoungerOlga James '' Beneatha YoungerJuanita Moore '' Lena YoungerBari Johnson '' Joseph AsagaiScott Cunningham '' George MurchisonMeredith Edwards '' Karl LindnerLionel Ngakane '' BoboThe play was presented (as before) by Philip Rose and David J. Cogan, in association with the British impresario Jack Hylton.
- 1961 film [ edit ] In 1961, a film version of A Raisin in the Sun was released featuring its original Broadway cast of Sidney Poitier, Ruby Dee, Claudia McNeil, Diana Sands, Ivan Dixon, Louis Gossett, Jr. and John Fiedler. Hansberry wrote the screenplay, and the film was directed by Daniel Petrie. It was released by Columbia Pictures and Ruby Dee won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. Both Poitier and McNeil were nominated for Golden Globe Awards, and Petrie received a special "Gary Cooper Award" at the Cannes Film Festival.
- 1973 musical [ edit ] A musical version of the play, Raisin, ran on Broadway from October 18, 1973, to December 7, 1975. The book of the musical, which stayed close to the play, was written by Hansberry's former husband, Robert Nemiroff. Music and lyrics were by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan. The cast included Joe Morton (Walter Lee), Virginia Capers (Mama), Ernestine Jackson (Ruth), Debbie Allen (Beneatha) and Ralph Carter (Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the Tony Award for Best musical.
- 1989 TV film [ edit ] In 1989, the play was adapted into a TV film for PBS's American Playhouse series, starring Danny Glover (Walter Lee) and Esther Rolle (Mama), with Kim Yancey (Beneatha), Starletta DuPois (Ruth), and John Fiedler (Karl Lindner). This production received three Emmy Award nominations, but all were for technical categories. Bill Duke directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the Roundabout Theatre.
- 1996 BBC Radio play [ edit ] On 3 March 1996, the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast:[13]
- Claire Benedict '' MamaRay Shell '' Walter LeePat Bowie '' RuthLachelle Carl '' BeneathaGarren Givens '' TravisAkim Mogaji '' Joseph AsagaiRay Fearon '' George MurchisonJohn Sharion '' Karl LindnerDean Hill '' Bobo Broadway revival, 2004 [ edit ] A revival ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004[14] at the Royale Theatre with the following cast:
- Sean Combs '' Walter Lee YoungerAudra McDonald '' Ruth YoungerPhylicia Rashad '' Lena YoungerSanaa Lathan '' Beneatha YoungerBill Nunn '' BoboDavid Aaron Baker '' Karl LindnerLawrence Ballard '' moving manTeagle F. Bougere '' Joseph AsagaiFrank Harts '' George MurchisonBilly Eugene Jones '' moving manAlexander Mitchell '' Travis YoungerThe director was Kenny Leon, and David Binder and Vivek Tiwary were producers.
- The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan).
- 2008 TV film [ edit ] In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. McDonald received an Emmy nomination for her portrayal of Ruth.[15] According to Nielsen Media Research, the program was watched by 12.7 million viewers and ranked No. 9 in the ratings for the week ending March 2, 2008.[16]
- Royal Exchange, Manchester production, 2010 [ edit ] In 2010, Michael Buffong directed a widely acclaimed production at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester,[17] described by Dominic Cavendish in The Daily Telegraph as "A brilliant play, brilliantly served".[18] Michael Buffong, Ray Fearon and Jenny Jules all won MEN Awards. The cast were: ''
- Jenny Jules '' Ruth YoungerRay Fearon '' Walter Lee YoungerTracy Ifeachor '' Beneatha YoungerStarletta DuPois (who played Ruth in the 1989 film) '' Lena YoungerDamola Adelaja '' Joseph AsagaiSimon Combs '' George MurchisonTom Hodgkins '' Karl LindnerRay Emmet Brown '' Bobo/Moving Man Broadway revival, 2014 [ edit ] A second revival ran on Broadway from April 3, 2014, to June 15, 2014, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre.[19][20] The play won three 2014 Tony Awards: Best Revival of a Play, Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play (Sophie Okonedo) and Best Direction of a Play (Kenny Leon).[21]
- Denzel Washington '' Walter Lee YoungerSophie Okonedo '' Ruth YoungerLaTanya Richardson Jackson '' Lena YoungerAnika Noni Rose '' Beneatha YoungerStephen McKinley Henderson '' BoboDavid Cromer '' Karl LindnerKeith Eric Chappelle '' moving manSean Patrick Thomas '' Joseph AsagaiJason Dirden '' George MurchisonBilly Eugene Jones '' moving manBryce Clyde Jenkins '' Travis Younger2016 BBC Radio Play [ edit ] On 31 January 2016 the BBC broadcast a new production of the play by director/producer Pauline Harris. This version restores the character of Mrs Johnson and a number of scenes that were cut from the Broadway production and subsequent film, with the following cast:[22]
- Danny Sapani '' Walter Lee YoungerDona Croll '' Lena YoungerNadine Marshall '' Ruth YoungerLenora Crichlow '' Beneatha YoungerSegun Fawole '' Travis YoungerJude Akwudike '' Bobo/AsagaiCecilia Noble '' Mrs. JohnsonSean Baker '' Karl LindnerRichard Pepple '' George Murchinson Arena Stage revival, 2017 [ edit ] The play opened on April 6, 2017, at Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., directed by Tazewell Thompson, with the following cast:[23]
- Will Cobbs '' Walter Lee YoungerLizan Mitchell '' Lena YoungerDawn Ursula '' Ruth YoungerJoy Jones '' Beneatha YoungerJeremiah Hasty '' Travis YoungerMack Leamon '' Bobo/AsagaiThomas Adrian Simpson '' Karl LindnerKeith L. Royal Smith '' George MurchinsonThe Raisin Cycle [ edit ] The 2010 Bruce Norris play Clybourne Park depicts the white family that sold the house to the Youngers. The first act takes place just before the events of A Raisin in the Sun, involving the selling of the house to the black family; the second act takes place 50 years later.[24]
- The 2013 play by Kwame Kwei-Armah entitled Beneatha's Place follows Beneatha after she leaves with Asagai to Nigeria and, instead of becoming a doctor, becomes the Dean of Social Sciences at a respected (unnamed) California university.[25]
- The two above plays, together with the original, were referred to by Kwei-Armah as "The Raisin Cycle" and were produced together by Baltimore's Center Stage in the 2012''2013 season.[26]
- See also [ edit ] Civil rights movement in popular cultureReferences [ edit ] ^ Internet Broadway Database. "A Raisin in the Sun | Ethel Barrymore Theatre (3/11/1959 '' 10/17/1959)". IBDB. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25 . Retrieved 2014-01-07 . ^ "A Dream Deferred (by Langston Hughes)". Cswnet.com. 1996-06-25. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08 . Retrieved 2014-01-07 . ^ "The 40 best plays to read before you die". The Independent. 2019-08-18 . Retrieved 2020-04-16 . ^ "50 Best Plays of All Time: Comedies, Tragedies and Dramas Ranked". Time Out New York . Retrieved 2020-04-16 . ^ "Transcript: Langston Hughes and His Poetry '' presentation by David Kresh (Journeys and Crossings, Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-05-26 . Retrieved 29 April 2017 . ^ Kamp, Allen R. "The History Behind Hansberry v. Lee," 20 U.S. Davis L. Rev. 481 (1987). ^ "Lorraine Hansberry House". Chicago Landmarks. City of Chicago. Archived from the original on 2012-10-07 . Retrieved 5 May 2012 . ^ Poitier, Sidney (2000). The Measure of a Man (first ed.). San Francisco: Harper. pp. 148''158. ISBN 978-0-06-135790-9. ^ Bernstein, Robin (1999). "Inventing a Fishbowl: White Supremacy and the Critical Reception of Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun". Modern Drama. 42 (1): 16''27. Archived from the original on 2010-07-09 . Retrieved 2011-04-14 . ^ a b Corley, Cheryl, "'A Raisin in the Sun', Present at the Creation" Archived 2017-07-04 at the Wayback Machine, National Public Radio, March 11, 2002. ^ Rich, Frank (October 5, 1983). "Theater: 'Raisin in Sun,' Anniversary in Chicago". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21 . Retrieved 2018-03-22 . ^ Brennan, Claire (February 7, 2016). "A Raisin in the Sun review '' still challenging its characters and audience". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2018-02-24 . Retrieved 2018-02-25 . Review of a revival in Sheffield, England. ^ "A Raisin in the Sun". Archived from the original on 2017-03-23 . Retrieved 2017-03-23 . ^ Internet Broadway Database. "A Raisin in the Sun | Royale Theatre (4/26/2004 '' 7/11/2004)". IBDB. Archived from the original on 2014-01-07 . Retrieved 2014-01-07 . ^ "Chenoweth, Dench, Linney, McDonald, Rashad Nominated for Emmy Awards". Playbill. Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. ^ Ginia Bellafante, "Raisin in the Sun: A Tale of Race and Family and a $10,000 Question" Archived 2017-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 25, 2008. ^ "A Raisin in the Sun". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-09-26 . Retrieved 2016-09-24 . ^ "A Raisin in the Sun review". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09 . Retrieved 2016-09-24 . ^ Playbill Vault. "A Raisin in the Sun". Playbill Vault. Archived from the original on 2014-04-05 . Retrieved 2014-05-05 . ^ Gioia, Michael. "Tony-Winning Revival of 'A Raisin in the Sun' Plays Final Performance Tonight" playbill.com, June 15, 2014 ^ Purcell, Carey. "'Gent's Guide', 'All The Way', 'Hedwig And the Angry Inch', 'Raisin in the Sun 'Win Top Prizes at 68th Annual Tony Awards" Archived 2014-06-12 at the Wayback Machine playbill.com, June 8, 2014 ^ [1] Archived 2016-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, BBC, January 31, 2016. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-04-08 . Retrieved 2017-04-08 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ Brantley, Ben, "Good Defenses Make Good Neighbors," The New York Times, February 22, 2010. ^ Paul Harris, Legit Review: 'Beneatha's Place', [2] Archived 2017-12-05 at the Wayback Machine ^ David Zurawik, "Baltimore's Center Stage looks very good in PBS documentary on 'Raisin' cycle", The Baltimore Sun, October 25, 2013, [3] Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine External links [ edit ] A Raisin in the Sun at the Internet Broadway DatabaseA Raisin in the Sun at Theatricalia.comListen to the play onlineEDSITEment's lesson Raisin in the Sun the Quest for the American DreamText to Text: ''A Raisin in the Sun'' and ''Discrimination in Housing Against Nonwhites Persists Quietly'' from The New York Times
- Gordon Parks - Wikipedia
- This article is about the photographer. For the Scottish sports journalist and former footballer, see
- Gordon Parks (footballer).
- Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks (November 30, 1912 '' March 7, 2006) was an American photographer, musician, writer and film director, who became prominent in U.S. documentary photojournalism in the 1940s through 1970s'--particularly in issues of civil rights, poverty and African-Americans'--and in glamour photography.[2]
- As the first famous pioneer among black filmmakers, he was the first African American to produce and direct major motion pictures'--developing films relating the experience of slaves and struggling black Americans, and creating the "blaxploitation" genre. He is best remembered for his iconic photos of poor Americans during the 1940s (taken for a federal government project), for his photographic essays for Life magazine, and as the director of the 1971 film Shaft. Parks also was an author, poet and composer.[3][4][5]
- Early life [ edit ] Parks was born in Fort Scott, Kansas, the son of Andrew Jackson Parks and Sarah Ross, on November 30, 1912.[7] He was the youngest of fifteen children. His father was a farmer who grew corn, beets, turnips, potatoes, collard greens, and tomatoes. They also had a few ducks, chickens, and hogs.[8]
- He attended a segregated elementary school. The town was too small to afford a separate high school that would facilitate segregation of the secondary school, but black people were not allowed to play sports or attend school social activities,[9] and they were discouraged from developing any aspirations for higher education. Parks related in a documentary on his life that his teacher told him that his desire to go to college would be a waste of money.
- When Parks was eleven years old, three white boys threw him into the Marmaton River, knowing he couldn't swim. He had the presence of mind to duck underwater so they wouldn't see him make it to land.[10] His mother died when he was fourteen. He spent his last night at the family home sleeping beside his mother's coffin, seeking not only solace, but a way to face his own fear of death.[11]
- Soon after, he was sent to St. Paul, Minnesota, to live with a sister and her husband. He and his brother-in-law argued frequently and Parks was finally turned out onto the street to fend for himself at age 15. Struggling to survive, he worked in brothels, and as a singer, piano player, bus boy, traveling waiter, and semi-pro basketball player.[4][12] In 1929, he briefly worked in a gentlemen's club, the Minnesota Club. There he not only observed the trappings of success, but was able to read many books from the club library.[13] When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 brought an end to the club, he jumped a train to Chicago,[14] where he managed to land a job in a flophouse.[15]
- Career [ edit ] Photography [ edit ] At the age of 25, Parks was struck by photographs of migrant workers in a magazine. He bought his first camera, a Voigtl¤nder Brillant, for $7.50 at a Seattle, Washington, pawnshop[16] and taught himself how to take photos. The photography clerks who developed Parks's first roll of film applauded his work and prompted him to seek a fashion assignment at a women's clothing store in St. Paul, Minnesota, owned by Frank Murphy. Those photographs caught the eye of Marva Louis, wife of heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis. She encouraged Parks and his wife, Sally Alvis, to move to Chicago in 1940,[17] where he began a portrait business and specialized in photographs of society women. Parks's photographic work in Chicago, especially in capturing the myriad experiences of African Americans across the city, led him to receive the Julius Rosenwald Fellowship, in 1941, paying him $200 a month and offering him his choice of employer,[18] which, in turn, contributed to being asked to join the Farm Security Administration, which was chronicling the nation's social conditions,[19] under the auspice of Roy Stryker.[12][20]
- Government photography [ edit ] Over the next few years, Parks moved from job to job, developing a freelance portrait and fashion photographer sideline. He began to chronicle the city's South Side black ghetto and, in 1941, an exhibition of those photographs won Parks a photography fellowship with the Farm Security Administration (FSA).[12]
- American Gothic, Washington, D.C. '' a well-known photograph by Parks
- Working at the FSA as a trainee under Roy Stryker,[5][12] Parks created one of his best-known photographs, American Gothic, Washington, D.C.,[21] named after the iconic Grant Wood painting, American Gothic'--a legendary painting of a traditional, stoic, white American farm couple'--which bore a striking, but ironic, resemblance to Parks' photograph of a black menial laborer. Parks' "haunting" photograph shows a black woman, Ella Watson, who worked on the cleaning crew of the FSA building, standing stiffly in front of an American flag hanging on the wall, a broom in one hand and a mop in the background. Parks had been inspired to create the image after encountering racism repeatedly in restaurants and shops in the segregated capital city.[22]
- A later photograph in the FSA series, by Parks, shows Ella Watson and her family
- Upon viewing the photograph, Stryker said that it was an indictment of America, and that it could get all of his photographers fired.[23] He urged Parks to keep working with Watson, which led to a series of photographs of her daily life. Parks said later that his first image was overdone and not subtle; other commentators have argued that it drew strength from its polemical nature and its duality of victim and survivor, and thus affected far more people than his subsequent pictures of Mrs. Watson.[24]
- (Parks' overall body of work for the federal government'--using his camera "as a weapon"'--would draw far more attention from contemporaries and historians than that of all other black photographers in federal service at the time. Today, most historians reviewing federally commissioned black photographers of that era focus almost exclusively on Parks.)[22]
- After the FSA disbanded, Parks remained in Washington, D.C. as a correspondent with the Office of War Information,[12][25] where he photographed the all-black 332d Fighter Group.[26] He was unable to follow the group in the overseas war theatre, so he resigned from the O.W.I.[27] He would later follow Stryker to the Standard Oil Photography Project in New Jersey, which assigned photographers to take pictures of small towns and industrial centers. The most striking work by Parks during that period included, Dinner Time at Mr. Hercules Brown's Home, Somerville, Maine (1944); Grease Plant Worker, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1946); Car Loaded with Furniture on Highway (1945); Self Portrait (1945); and Ferry Commuters, Staten Island, N.Y. (1946).
- Commercial and civic photography [ edit ] Parks renewed his search for photography jobs in the fashion world. Following his resignation from the Office of War Information, Parks moved to Harlem and became a freelance fashion photographer for Vogue under the editorship of Alexander Liberman.[28] Despite racist attitudes of the day, Vogue editor, Liberman, hired him to shoot a collection of evening gowns. Parks photographed fashion for Vogue for the next few years and he developed the distinctive style of photographing his models in motion rather than in static poses. During this time, he published his first two books, Flash Photography (1947) and Camera Portraits: Techniques and Principles of Documentary Portraiture (1948).
- A 1948 photographic essay on a young Harlem gang leader won Parks a staff job as a photographer and writer with America's leading photo-magazine, Life. His involvement with Life would last until 1972.[5] For over 20 years, Parks produced photographs on subjects including fashion, sports, Broadway, poverty, and racial segregation, as well as portraits of Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Muhammad Ali, and Barbra Streisand. He became "one of the most provocative and celebrated photojournalists in the United States."[29]
- His photographs for Life magazine, namely his 1956 photo essay, titled "The Restraints: Open and Hidden,"[30] illuminated the effects of racial segregation while simultaneously following the everyday lives and activities of three families in and near Mobile, Alabama: the Thorntons, Causeys, and Tanners. As curators at the High Museum of Art Atlanta note, while Parks' photo essay served as decisive documentation of the Jim Crow South and all of its effects, he did not simply focus on demonstrations, boycotts, and brutality that were associated with that period instead, however, he "emphasized the prosaic details" of the lives of several families.[31][32]
- An exhibition of photographs from a 1950 project Parks completed for Life was exhibited in 2015 at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.[33] Parks returned to his hometown, Fort Scott, Kansas, where segregation persisted, and he documented conditions in the community and the contemporary lives of many of his eleven classmates from the segregated middle school they attended. The project included his commentary, but the work was never published by Life.
- During his years with Life, Parks also wrote a few books on the subject of photography (particularly documentary photography), and in 1960 was named Photographer of the Year by the American Society of Magazine Photographers.[5]
- Film [ edit ] In the 1950s, Parks worked as a consultant on various Hollywood productions. He later directed a series of documentaries on black ghetto life that were commissioned by National Educational Television. With his film adaptation of his semi-autobiographical novel, The Learning Tree in 1969 for Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, Parks became Hollywood's first major black director. It was filmed in his home town of Fort Scott, Kansas.[34] Parks also wrote the screenplay and composed the musical score for the film, with assistance from his friend, the composer Henry Brant.
- Shaft, a 1971 detective film directed by Parks and starring Richard Roundtree as John Shaft, became a major hit that spawned a series of films that would be labeled as blaxploitation. The blaxploitation genre was one in which images of lower-class blacks being involved with drugs, violence and women, were exploited for commercially successful films featuring black actors, and was popular with a section of the black community. Parks' feel for settings was confirmed by Shaft, with its portrayal of the super-cool leather-clad, black private detective hired to find the kidnapped daughter of a Harlem racketeer.
- Parks also directed the 1972 sequel, Shaft's Big Score, in which the protagonist finds himself caught in the middle of rival gangs of racketeers. Parks's other directorial credits include The Super Cops (1974) and Leadbelly (1976), a biographical film of the blues musician Huddie Ledbetter. In the 1980s, he made several films for television and composed the music and a libretto for Martin, a ballet tribute to Martin Luther King Jr., which premiered in Washington, D.C. during 1989. It was screened on national television on King's birthday in 1990.
- In 2000, as an homage, he had a cameo appearance in the Shaft sequel that starred Samuel L. Jackson in the title role as the namesake and nephew of the original John Shaft. In the cameo scene, Parks was sitting playing chess when Jackson greeted him as, "Mr. P."
- Musician and composer [ edit ] His first job was as a piano player in a brothel when he was a teenager.[35] Parks also performed as a jazz pianist. His song "No Love", composed in another brothel, was performed during a national radio broadcast by Larry Funk and his orchestra in the early 1930s.[36]
- Parks composed Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1953) at the encouragement of black American conductor, Dean Dixon, and his wife Vivian, a pianist,[37] and with the help of the composer Henry Brant.[38] He completed Tree Symphony in 1967. In 1989, he composed and directed Martin, a ballet dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr., the civil rights leader who had been assassinated.[39]
- Writing [ edit ] Starting in the late-1940s, Parks began writing'--a second career that would produce 15 books and lead to his role as a prominent black filmmaker'--starting with books on the art and craft of photography. Beginning in the 1960s, Parks branched out into literature, writing The Learning Tree (1963). He authored several books of poetry, which he illustrated with his own photographs, and he wrote three volumes of memoirs--A Choice of Weapons (1966), Voices in the Mirror (1990), and A Hungry Heart (2005).[5][12]
- In 1981, Parks turned to fiction with Shannon, a novel about Irish immigrants fighting their way up the social ladder in turbulent early 20th-century New York. Parks' writing accomplishments include novels, poetry, autobiography, and non-fiction that includes photographic instructional manuals and film-making books. During this period[when? ], Parks also wrote the poem "The Funeral".
- Painting [ edit ] Parks' photography-related abstract oil paintings were showcased in a 1981 exhibition at Alex Rosenberg Gallery in New York titled "Gordon Parks: Expansions: The Aesthetic Blend of Painting and Photography."[40]
- Essence magazine [ edit ] Parks was a co-founder of Essence magazine and served as its editorial director during the first three years of its circulation.[41]
- Personal life [ edit ] Parks was married and divorced three times. He married Sally Alvis in Minneapolis during 1933[42] and they divorced in 1961. In 1962, he married Elizabeth Campbell, daughter of cartoonist E. Simms Campbell, and they divorced in 1973.[43] Parks first met Chinese-American editor Genevieve Young (stepdaughter of Chinese diplomat Wellington Koo) in 1962 when he began writing The Learning Tree.[44] At that time, his publisher assigned her to be his editor. They became romantically involved at a time when they both were divorcing previous spouses, and married in 1973. They divorced in 1979. Candace Bushnell claims to have dated Parks in 1976, when she was 18 and he was 58.[45] For many years, Parks was romantically involved with Gloria Vanderbilt, the railroad heiress and designer.[46] Their relationship evolved into a deep friendship that endured throughout his lifetime.
- Parks had four children: Gordon, Jr., David, Leslie, and Toni (Parks-Parsons). His oldest son Gordon Parks, Jr., whose talents resembled his father's, was killed in a plane crash in 1979 in Kenya, where he had gone to direct a film.[47][48] Parks has five grandchildren: Alain, Gordon III, Sarah, Campbell, and Satchel. Malcolm X honored Parks when he asked him to be the godfather of his daughter, Qubilah Shabazz.
- He died of cancer at the age of 93 while living in Manhattan, New York City, and is buried in his hometown of Fort Scott, Kansas.
- Legacy [ edit ] In film [ edit ] With his film Shaft (along with Melvin Van Peebles's Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, released earlier the same year), Parks is credited with co-creating the genre of blaxploitation, an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s. The action film also helped to alter Hollywood's view of African Americans, introducing the black action hero into mainstream cinema.
- Director Spike Lee cites Parks as an inspiration, stating "You get inspiration where it comes from. It doesn't have to be because I'm looking at his films. The odds that he got these films made under, when there were no black directors, is enough."[49]
- In music [ edit ] Parks is referenced in Kendrick Lamar's music video, for his song, "ELEMENT.". In the music video some of Parks' iconic photographs are transformed into moving vignettes.
- Preservation and archives [ edit ] Several parties are recipient or heirs to different parts of Parks' archival record.
- The Gordon Parks Foundation [ edit ] The Gordon Parks Foundation in Pleasantville, New York (formerly in Chappaqua, New York), reports that it "permanently preserves the work of Gordon Parks, makes it available to the public through exhibitions, books, and electronic media," The organization also says it "supports artistic and educational activities that advance what Gordon described as 'the common search for a better life and a better world.'" That support includes scholarships for "artistic" students, and assistance to researchers. Their headquarters includes an exhibition space with rotating photography exhibits, open free to the public, with guided group tours available by arrangement. The foundation also admits "qualified researchers" to their archive, by appointment. The foundation collaborates with other organizations and institutions, nationally and internationally, to advance its aims.[50]
- The Gordon Parks Museum/Center [ edit ] The Gordon Parks Museum/Center in Fort Scott, Kansas, reports that it holds dozens of Parks' photos, both given to the Museum by Parks, and various belongings bequeathed to the Museum by him upon his death. The collection includes "awards and medals, personal photos, paintings and drawings of Gordon, plaques, certificates, diplomas and honorary doctorates, selected books and articles, clothing, record player, tennis racquet, magazine articles, his collection of Life magazines and much more." The museum has also separately received some of Parks' cameras, writing desk and photos of him.[51]
- Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. [ edit ] The Library of Congress (LOC) reports that, in 1995, it "acquired Parks' personal collection, including papers, music, photographs, films, recordings, drawings and other products of his... career."[4][12][25]
- The LOC was already home to a federal archive that included Parks' first major photojournalism projects'--photographs he produced for the Farm Security Administration (1942''43), and for the Office of War Information (1943''45).[4][12]
- In April 2000, the LOC awarded Parks its accolade "Living Legend", one of only 26 writers and artists so honored by the LOC. The LOC also holds Parks's published and unpublished scores, and several of his films and television productions.[12]
- National Film Registry [ edit ] Parks' autobiographical motion picture, The Learning Tree, and his African-American, anti-hero action-drama Shaft, have both been selected to be permanently preserved as part of the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.[4][25] The Learning Tree was one of the original group of 25 films first selected by the LOC for the National Film Registry.[12]
- National Archives, Washington, D.C. [ edit ] The National Archives also hold the film, My Father, Gordon Parks (1969: archive 306.8063) '' a film about Parks and his production of his autobiographical motion picture, The Learning Tree,'--is preserved in the National Archives of the United States'--along with a print (from the original) of Solomon Nortup's Odyssey, a film made by Parks for a Public Broadcasting System telecast about the ordeal of slave. The Archives also hold various photos from Parks' years in government service.[22][53][54]
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. [ edit ] The Smithsonian Institution has an extensive list of holdings related to Gordon Parks, particularly photos.[55]
- Wichita State University [ edit ] In 1991, Wichita State University (WSU), in Wichita, the largest city in Parks' home state of Kansas, awarded Parks its highest honor for achievement: the President's Medal. However, in the mid-1990s, after Parks entrusted WSU with a collection of 150 of his famous photos, WSU'--for various reasons (including confusion as to whether they were a gift or loan, and whether the University could adequately protect and preserve them) '' returned them, stunning and deeply upsetting Parks. A further snub came from Wichita's city officials, who also declined the opportunity to acquire many of Parks' papers and photos.
- By 2000, however, WSU and Parks had healed their division. The university resumed honoring Parks and accumulating his work. In 2008, the Gordon Parks Foundation selected WSU as repository for 140 boxes of Parks' photos, manuscripts, letters and other papers.[56][57] In 2014, another 125 of Park's photos were acquired from the Foundation by WSU, with help from Wichita philanthropists Paula and Barry Downing, for display at the university's Ulrich Museum of Art.
- Kansas State University [ edit ] The Gordon Parks Collection in the Richard L. D. and Marjorie J. Morse Department Special Collections at Kansas State University primarily documents the creation of his film The Learning Tree.
- Exhibitions [ edit ] 1997: Half past autumn : a retrospective Gordon Parks, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. A career retrospective.[58]2013: Gordon Parks: The Making of an Argument, New Orleans Museum of Art.[59][60]2015: Gordon Parks: Back to Fort Scott, Boston Museum of Fine Arts.[33]2015: Gordon Parks: Segregation Story, High Museum of Art, Atlanta.2016: Invisible Man: Gordon Parks and Ralph Ellison in Harlem, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL.2017: Gordon Parks: camera is my weapon, ZachÄta Gallery, Warsaw, Poland.[61][62]2018: Gordon Parks: The Flavio Story, Ryerson Image Centre, Toronto, Ontario.2019: Gordon Parks: The New Tide, Early Work 1940-1950, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas.[63][64]2020: Gordon Parks X Muhammad Ali, The Image of a Champion, 1966/1970, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Comprising photographs from two Life magazine assignments.[65][66]Collections [ edit ] Parks' work is held in the following public collections:
- Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, ILMinneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN[citation needed ]Cleveland Museum of Art [1]Awards [ edit ] Parks received more than 20 honorary doctorates in his lifetime.[67]1941: Awarded a fellowship for photography from the Rosenwald Fund. The fellowship allowed him to work with the Farm Security Administration.[68]1961: Named "Magazine Photographer of the Year" (1960) by the American Society of Magazine Photographers.[68]1970: Kansas State University awarded Parks the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters.1972: The NAACP awarded Parks the Spingarn Medal.[69]1974: Kansas State University hosted a week-long "Gordon Parks Festival" from November 4''11.1976: Honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from Thiel College, a private, liberal arts college in Greenville, Pennsylvania[70]1989: The United States Library of Congress selects The Learning Tree as one of the first 25 films chosen for permanent preservation as part of the National Film Registry, deeming it to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" due to its being the first major studio feature film directed by an African American.[citation needed ]1990: Missouri Honor Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism, Missouri School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO[71]1998: Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Lifetime Achievement</ref> http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/books/lifetime-gordon-parks/</ref>1999: Gordon Parks Elementary School, a nonprofit, K-5 grade public charter school in Kansas City, Missouri, was established to educate the urban-core inhabitants.[72]2000: The Congress of Racial Equality Lifetime Achievement Award.[73]2000: Library of Congress selects Parks' film Shaft for National Film Registry preservation, as well'--deeming it to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant",[citation needed ]2000 (April): Library of Congress awards Parks its accolade "Living Legend"'--honoring "artists, writers, activists, filmmakers, physicians, entertainers, sports figures and public servants who have made significant contributions to America's diverse cultural, scientific and social heritage"'--one 26 writers and artists so honored by the LOC.2001: Kitty Carlisle Hart Award, Arts & Business Council, New York[74]2003: Royal Photographic Society's Special 150th Anniversary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) in recognition of a sustained, significant contribution to the art of photography.[75]2002: Jackie Robinson Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award.2002: Inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.[76]2004: The Art Institute of Boston awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters.[citation needed ]2008: An alternative learning center in Saint Paul, Minnesota renamed their school Gordon Parks High School after receiving a new building[77]Works [ edit ] Books [ edit ] Flash Photography (1947)Camera Portraits: Techniques and Principles of Documentary Portraiture (1948) (documentary)The Learning Tree (1964) (semi-autobiographical)A Choice of Weapons (1967) (autobiographical)Born Black (1970) (compilation of essays and photographs)Flavio (1978)[78]To Smile in Autumn (1979) (autobiographical)New edition with foreword by Alexs D. Pate. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009Voices in the Mirror, New York: Doubleday (1990) (autobiographical)The Sun Stalker (2003) (biography on J. M. W. Turner)A Hungry Heart (2005) (autobiographical)Gordon Parks: Collected Works, (2012) Steidl; Slp Edition ISBN 978-3869305301Poetry and photography [ edit ] Arias of SilenceGlimpses Towar975)Half Past Autumn: A Retrospective, memoir excerpts by Gordon Parks. Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown (1997) ISBN 0-8212-2298-8A Star for Noon '' An Homage to Women in Images Poetry and Music (2000)Eyes With Winged Thoughts (released November 1, 2005)A Harlem Family 1967. G¶ttingen, Germany: Steidl; Pleasantville, NY: The Gordon Parks Foundation; New York City: The Studio Museum in Harlem, 2012. ISBN 978-3-86930-602-5. Photographs by Parks and a facsimile of the article, "A Harlem Family", published in Life in 1968, in which some of the photographs were published along with text by Parks. Edited by Thelma Golden, Elizabeth Gwinn and Lauren Haynes. With a foreword by Raymond J. McGuire, a preface by Peter W. Kunhardt Jr., an introduction by Golden and an essay by Haynes, "A Similar Existence".Gordon Parks: a Poet and His Camera by Gordon Park, 1968, Viking PressThe Atmosphere of Crime, 1957. G¶ttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2020. Edited by Sarah Hermanson Meister. ISBN 978-3-95829-696-1. With texts by Nicole Fleetwood and Bryan StevensonFilms [ edit ] Flavio (1964)Diary of a Harlem Family (1968)The World of Piri Thomas (1968)The Learning Tree (1969)Shaft (1971) '' Apartment Landlord (uncredited)Shaft's Big Score! (1972, director and composer) '' Croupier (uncredited)The Super Cops (1974)Thomasine & Bushrod (1974)Leadbelly (1976)Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984)Moments Without Proper Names (1987)Martin (1989), PBS presentation of the stage performance of the ballet written about Martin Luther King Jr.Shaft (2000) '' Lenox Lounge Patron / Mr. P (final film role)Music [ edit ] Shaft's Big Score (1972)Moments Without Proper Names (1987)Martin (1989) (ballet about Martin Luther King Jr.)Publications about Parks [ edit ] Peter W. Kunhardt, Jr., Philip Brookman, eds., Gordon Parks: The New Tide, Early Work 1940''1950. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. and Steidl, 2018 ISBN 9783958294943Paul Roth an Amanda Maddox, eds.,Gordon Parks: The Flavio Story. Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, 2017 ISBN 978-3-95829-344-1Michal Raz-Russo and Jean-Christophe Cloutier, et. al., Invisible Man: Gordon Parks and Ralph Ellison. Art Institute of Chicago and Steidl, 2016 ISBN 978-3-95829-109-6Peter Kunhardt, Jr. and Felix Hoffmann, eds., I Am You: Selected Works, 1942''1978. C/O Berlin, Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, 2016 ISBN 978-3-95829-248-2Karen Haas, Gordon Parks: Back to Fort Scott. Steidl, 2015 ISBN 978-3-86930-918-7Brett Abbott, et. al, Gordon Parks: Segregation Story. High Museum of Art, Atlanta and Steidl, 2014. ISBN 978-3-86930-801-2Russell Lord, Gordon Parks: The Making of an Argument. Steidl, 2013 ISBN 978-3-86930-721-3Peter Kunhardt, Jr. and Paul Roth, eds, Gordon Parks: Collected Works. Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, 2012 ISBN 978-3-86930-530-1Berry, S. L. Gordon Parks. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. ISBN 1-55546-604-4Bush, Martin H. The Photographs of Gordon Parks. Wichita, Kansas: Wichita State University, 1983.Donloe, Darlene. Gordon Parks: Photographer, Writer, Composer, Film Maker [Melrose Square Black American series]. Los Angeles: Melrose Square Publishing Company, 1993. ISBN 0-87067-595-8Harnan, Terry, and Russell Hoover. Gordon Parks: Black Photographer and Film Maker [Americans All series]. Champaign, Illinois: Garrard Publishing Company, 1972. ISBN 0-8116-4572-XParr, Ann, and Gordon Parks. Gordon Parks: No Excuses. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, 2006. ISBN 1-58980-411-2Stange, Maren. Bare Witness: photographs by Gordon Parks. Milan: Skira, 2006. ISBN 88-7624-802-1Turk, Midge, and Herbert Danska. Gordon Parks. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1971. ISBN 0-690-33793-0Documentaries on or including Parks [ edit ] My Father, Gordon Parks (1969) (National Archives item #306.08063A)Soul in Cinema: Filming Shaft on Location (1971)Passion and Memory (1986)Malcolm X: Make it Plain (1994)All Power to the People (1996)Half Past Autumn: The Life and Works of Gordon Parks (2000)A Great Day in Hip-Hop (2000)Baadasssss Cinema (2002)Soul Man: Isaac Hayes (2003)Unstoppable: Conversation with Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks, and Ossie Davis (2005)See also [ edit ] List of photographers of the civil rights movementReferences [ edit ] ^ "Gordon Parks, IMDb". IMDb. May 1, 2009 . Retrieved October 6, 2010 . ^ Hudson, Berkley (2009). Sterling, Christopher H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Journalism. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. pp. 1060''67. ISBN 978-0-7619-2957-4. ^ Grundberg, Andy, "Gordon Parks, a Master of the Camera, Dies at 93,", The New York Times, March 8, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2015. ^ a b c d e Allen, Erin, "Gordon Parks Remembered", in Library of Congress blog, November 30, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ a b c d e Ellis, Donna, "Gordon Parks Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress,", with chronology, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, 2011, rev. Sept. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ "Gordon Parks, a Master of the Camera, Dies at 93". The New York Times . Retrieved March 3, 2019 . ^ Parks,1990, p. 6. ^ Parks, 1990, pp. 1''2. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 16. ^ Parks, 1990, pp. 12''13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j D'Ooge, Craig, "Photographer Gordon Parks Donates Archives to the Library of Congress", Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine press release PR 95-096, 7/5/95, ISSN 0731-3527, Library of Congress, June 30, 1995. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ Parks,1990, pp. 26''27. ^ Parks, 1990, pp. 30''34. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 35. ^ Gordon Park, bio Gale Group. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 77. ^ "Gordon Parks facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Gordon Parks". www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . ^ "Artist '' The Gordon Parks Foundation". gordonparksfoundation.org . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . ^ Moskowitz, "Gordon Parks: A Man for All Seasons," The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2003. ^ Yvonne Shinhoster Lamb, "'Life' Photographer And 'Shaft' Director Broke Color Barriers", The Washington Post, March 8, 2006. ^ a b c Natanson, Nicholas, "From Sophie's Alley to the White House: Rediscovering the Visions of Pioneering Black Government Photographers," from Prologue Magazine," Special Issue: "Federal Records and African American History, Summer 1997, Vol. 29, No. 2, National Archives website. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ McCabe, Eamonn (March 10, 2006). "American beauty". The Guardian (G2). p. 8. ^ Lawrence W. Levine (December 1992). "The Folklore of Industrial Society: Popular Culture and Its Audiences". The American Historical Review. Am erican Historical Association. 97 (5): 1369''99. doi:10.2307/2165941. JSTOR 2165941. S2CID 145168847. ^ a b c D'Ooge, Craig, "Media Advisory: Photographer Gordon Parks To Donate Personal Collection to the Library of Congress", Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine press release PR 95-095, ISSN 0731-3527, Library of Congress, June 30, 1995. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ "Youngster, Clutching His Soldier Father, Gazes Upward While the Latter Lifts His Wife from the Ground to Wish Her a "Merry Christmas": The serviceman is one of those fortunate enough to be able to get home for the holidays". World Digital Library . Retrieved February 10, 2013 . ^ Grundberg, Andy (March 8, 2006). "Gordon Parks, a Master of the Camera, Dies at 93". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved November 11, 2015 . ^ "Gordon Parks Pictures the Segregated South at Salon 94 Freemans". Vogue . Retrieved November 11, 2015 . ^ Lee D. Baker (1992). "Transforming Anthropology". Naming Moments Properly. 12 (1): 1''2. ^ "CDS Exhibit Features Gordon Parks's Segregation Series, 'The Restraints: Open and Hidden'", CDs Porch. ^ Stange, Bare witness: Photographs by Gordon Parks, 2006 ^ High Museum of Art Atlanta, https://www.high.org/Art/Exhibitions/Gordon-Parks-Segregation-Story.aspx Archived March 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine ^ a b Kennedy, Randy, "'A Long Hungry Look': Forgotten Gordon Parks Photos Document Segregation", The New York Times, December 24, 2014 (with 11 images in a slide show); also published in print on December 28, 2014, p. AR1, the New York edition, with the headline "A Long Hungry Look". ^ Parks, 1990, p. 278. ^ Parks, 1990, pp. 19''20. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 45. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 150. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 153. ^ "Gordon Parks Foundation: Music". Gordon Parks Foundation . Retrieved January 27, 2017 . ^ "Gordon Parks, Curriculum Vitae" (PDF) . Rhonna Hoffman Gallery page . Retrieved January 27, 2017 . ^ "Black History Month: Gordon Parks -". February 3, 2014 . Retrieved January 27, 2017 . ^ Parks, 1990, p. 61. ^ Sheena C. Howard, Encyclopedia of Black Comics, Golden: Fulcrum Publishing, 2017, p. 47. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 207. ^ "The Blonde Who's Had More Fun, p. 2 of 2". New York. ^ "Gloria Vanderbilt + Gordon Parks". The New York Times. ^ "Filmmaker Gordon Parks; victim of airplane crash", The Day, April 3, 1979. ^ Parks, 1990, p. 335. ^ "The Importance of Being Gordon Parks '' Gordon Parks". dga.org . Retrieved April 5, 2018 . ^ Gordon Parks Foundation website. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ "Museum" page Archived January 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Gordon Parks Museum/Center website. Retrieved January 3, 2016. ^ Roe, Donald, "The USIA Motion Picture Collection and African American History: A Reference Review," from Prologue Magazine," Special Issue: "Federal Records and African American History, Summer 1997, Vol. 29, No. 2, National Archives website. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ National Archives, "National Archives Hosts Screening and Program on Solomon Northup's Odyssey May 20: Director Gordon Parks' film predates 12 Years a Slave by 30 years!", press release 14''64, National Archives website, May 6, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^ Smithsonian Institution search for "Gordon Parks", January 3, 2016. ^ "Wichita State chosen to receive Gordon Parks Papers", February 7, 2008, Wichita Eagle. Retrieved December 31, 2015. ^ "Wichita State's Ulrich Museum acquires 125 Gordon Parks photographs", February 7, 2014, Wichita Eagle. Retrieved December 31, 2015. ^ Brookman, Philip (1997). Half past autumn : a retrospective Gordon Parks. Bulfinch Press. ISBN 0821222988 . Retrieved January 27, 2017 . ^ "Gordon Parks: The Making of an Argument". New Orleans Museum of Art . Retrieved January 6, 2019 . ^ Lord, Russell (2013). Gordon Parks : The Making of an Argument. New Orleans Museum of Art, Steidl, The Gordon Parks Foundation. ISBN 978-3869307213. ^ https://www.high.org ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 16, 2015 . Retrieved March 17, 2015 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Gordon Parks: The New Tide, Early Work 1940-1950". Amon Carter Museum of American Art . Retrieved November 16, 2019 . ^ Brookman, Philip (2019). Gordon Parks: The New Tide: Early Work 1940''1950. Steidl/Gordon Parks Foundation/National Gallery of Art. ISBN 9783958294943. ^ "Gordon Parks X Muhammad Ali, The Image of a Champion, 1966/1970". The Gordon Parks Foundation . Retrieved February 16, 2020 . ^ "Gordon Parks X Muhammad Ali, The Image of a Champion, 1966/1970". The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art . Retrieved February 16, 2020 . ^ Parks, 1990, p. 326. ^ a b Chenrow, Fred; Carol Chenrow Carol (1973). Reading Exercises in Black History, Volume 1. Elizabethtown, PA: The Continental Press, Inc., p. 44. ISBN 08454-2107-7. ^ Spingarn Medal Winners Archived August 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients | Thiel College". www.thiel.edu . Retrieved February 2, 2018 . ^ "Missouri Honor Medal Winners: Individuals". Missouri School of Journalism . Retrieved November 16, 2015 . ^ "Gordon Parks Elementary School |". Gordonparks.org. October 2, 2010 . Retrieved October 6, 2010 . ^ Associated Press and Bud Smith, "National Report: Nation Celebrates Holiday Honoring Martin Luther King, Jr." , Jet magazine, February 7, 2000, pp. 5''14 (Gordon Parks' award ceremony photo and report on p.14), photo and article as reproduced on GoogleBooks.com. ^ Robishaw, Lori; Gard Ewell, Maryo (2011). Commemorating 50 Years of Americans for the Arts. Americans for the Arts. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-879903-07-4. ^ Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Award Archived December 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 13, 2012. ^ "Gordon Parks", "Inductees" section, International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum website. Retrieved January 14, 2016. ^ Alternative School in Saint Paul, MN named for Gordon Parks. Gordon Parks High School website. ^ "Flavio" at WorldCat. Other sources [ edit ] Primary source materials [ edit ] Gordon Parks Collection. Special Collections, Kansas State University Library.Collected Photography, other artwork, and texts. Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art.Gordon Parks Papers Exhibit or Finding Aid. Special Collections and University Archives. Wichita State University Libraries.Digital Archive. Gordon Parks Foundation. Currently, the negatives are held at the Special Collections at Purchase College, New York.Gordon Parks FSA OWI Photos. Held by the Library of Congress.Gordon Parks Oral History from the National Visionary Leadership ProjectGordon Parks in the Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MNAdditional article-length works [ edit ] Director Guild of America profileInternational Photography Hall of Fame and Museum profile and biography"The Peoples' Champions: Dorothea Lange and Gordon Parks'--'Photographic Equality' and 'The Jackie Robinson/Muhammad Ali of the Arts'", two long articles in one booklet researched and authored by David Joseph Marcou and published in February 2016 by DigiCOPY of La Crosse, WI.External links [ edit ] Gordon Parks on IMDbThe Gordon Parks FoundationGordon Parks Collection. Photograph and poetry exhibit in Gordon Parks' hometownSome of his photographyLuminous-Lint pageOrdway Theater presents Gordon Parks in the VocalEssence Witness seriesC-SPAN interview with Parks, discussing the exhibit "Half Past Autumn: The Art of Gordon Parks", November 25, 1997PBS Newshour, January 6, 1998Further biographical information can be found at the Thomson/GalePhoto District News, Legends Online site for Gordon ParksGordon Parks' oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership ProjectGordon Parks Gallery at Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, Minnesota gallery devoted to preserving the legacy of Gordon ParksArt Directors Club biography, portrait and images of workWorks by Gordon Parks at Open Library The chapter entitled "Gordon Parks: A Versatile Titan Who Made His Name First As a Photojournalist" is included in this representative world photo-history The Photographic Spirit: Inspiring Photo Lives and Images, authored by David Joseph Marcou and published in 2013 online (La Crosse History Unbound website) and also in paperback.Audio recording of Gordon Parks, September 19, 1970, from Maryland Institute College of Art's Decker Library, Internet Archive
- This photo of MLK and Richard Nixon was once taboo. Now, see it in Tampa.
- Griffith J. Davis saw the historic moment happen and clicked his camera.
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., emerging civil rights leader fresh off the Montgomery bus boycotts, was talking to then Vice President Richard Nixon. They were flanked by their wives, Coretta Scott King and Patricia Nixon.
- It was March 1957. Newly independent Ghana was celebrating with ceremonies in its capital, Accra. Nixon was there leading the official U.S. delegation. Ghana's Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah invited the Kings.
- Davis, an African American audiovisual officer for the U.S. Foreign Service stationed in Africa, had been sent to document Nixon's first visit to the continent.
- During their talk, Nixon invited King to Washington, D.C., to discuss the civil rights movement. But fears ran high that the image could increase the tension of race relations.
- ''This meeting would have been too volatile to have taken place in the United States,'' according to the U.S. Department of State's website, ShareAmerica. ''And the photo was not published there at the time.''
- ''Griff Davis and Langston Hughes: Letters and Photographs 1947-1967: A Global Friendship." On view through April 19. $10, $8 students, seniors and military. 11 a.m.-6 p.m. Monday-Thursday, 11 a.m.-7 p.m. Friday, noon-5 p.m. Saturday-Sunday. Florida Museum of Photographic Arts, 400 N Ashley Drive, Tampa. (813) 221-2222. fmopa.org.
- A self portrait of Griff Davis with Langston Hughes and Ebony magazine by Griff Davis (C). On display in the "Griff Davis and Langston Hughes, letters and Photographs 1947-1967: A Global Friendship" exhibition at the Florida Museum of Photographic Arts from Jan. 17-April 19, 2020. [ Courtesy of Griffith J. Davis Photographs & Archives ]The exhibit was curated by the museum and produced by Davis' daughter, Dorothy Davis, founder of the Griffith J. Davis Photographs and Archives. Since her father's death in 1993, Davis has held the archives of some 55,000 images. The exhibit also includes archives from Clark Atlanta, Duke and Yale universities.
- After visiting Tampa Bay for 20 years, Dorothy Davis now splits her time between New York and St. Petersburg, where she is a member of the program committee of the St. Petersburg Conference on World Affairs. She's also a board member of Tampa Bay Businesses and Culture for the Arts. She credits the contacts she's made here as contributing to the exhibition's fruition.
- ''I was struck by the creative energy that exists here in abundance and touched by how my father's work has been embraced and respected," she said.
- Photographer Griff Davis captured the first meeting of Vice President Richard Nixon and Martin Luther King, Jr. and their wives, Patricia Nixon and Coretta Scott King in 1957. [ OCTAVIO JONES | Times ]Even though the image of Nixon and King is a separate theme from the exhibition, she said, showing it was a great opportunity to commemorate King's birthday.
- King and Davis had a personal history. They knew each other as boys in Atlanta and both attended Morehouse College. After King was assassinated in 1968, Davis, stationed in Lagos, Nigeria, gave a memorial speech about the reverend.
- Davis was a trailblazer in his own right. The photojournalist was the first roving editor for Ebony magazine and one of the few African American U.S. Foreign Service officers, becoming the first audiovisual officer posted to the U.S. Embassy in Liberia, Africa.
- But the focus of the exhibition is the friendship Davis had with another leading figure in the struggle for equality, Langston Hughes. Through 62 never-before-seen photographs and pieces of correspondence, the exhibition chronicles the relationship between Davis and the writer, a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.
- Davis was Hughes' English student at what was then called Atlanta University. Hughes appreciated his drive as a journalist. Davis rented a room in Hughes' house in Harlem during graduate school at Columbia University, where he became the only African American in the school of journalism's class of 1949. It was Hughes who suggested Davis to Ebony editor John Johnson.
- Davis was on the front lines of Africa's Independence Movement, suggesting stories and capturing images that were great fodder for Ebony magazine. He and Hughes wrote letters back and forth while he was stationed there, with Davis sending recommendations of African writers.
- A 1965 essay Hughes wrote for Ebony's 20th anniversary is included in the exhibit to give a picture of the climate in those days. Davis and Hughes remained friends until Hughes' death in 1967.
- The moment captured in the photo of King and Nixon had a ripple effect. King visited Nixon just three months later to discuss the 1957 Civil Rights Bill, which Nixon was spearheading. But two parts of the bill were shut down: the authority of the government to enforce school desegregation and prosecute voting violations.
- King was disappointed, but wrote Nixon a letter saying it was better than no bill at all and that he was optimistic about the future. Their relationship remained positive and King even supported Nixon's 1960 bid for presidency.
- That soured after King was arrested for violating probation stemming from a sit-in and spent four months in jail. Coretta Scott King received a phone call of sympathy from Nixon's opponent, John F. Kennedy.
- Nixon never offered any support. Kennedy won the election.
- IF YOU GO''Griff Davis and Langston Hughes: Letters and Photographs 1947-1967: A Global Friendship." On view through April 19. $10, $8 students, seniors and military. 11 a.m.-6 p.m. Monday-Thursday, 11 a.m.-7 p.m. Friday, noon-5 p.m. Saturday-Sunday. Florida Museum of Photographic Arts, 400 N Ashley Drive, Tampa. (813) 221-2222. fmopa.org.
- Griff Davis: Biography
- Buy Griff Davis and Langston Hughes Letters and Photographs Catalog
- Richard Rothstein | Economic Policy Institute
- Areas of expertiseEducation ' Race and ethnicity
- BiographyRichard Rothstein is a Distinguished Fellow of the Economic Policy Institute and a Senior Fellow (emeritus) at the Thurgood Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. He is the author of The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America, which recovers a forgotten history of how federal, state, and local policy explicitly segregated metropolitan areas nationwide, creating racially homogenous neighborhoods in patterns that violate the Constitution and require remediation. He is also the author of many other articles and books on race and education, which can be found on his web page at the Economic Policy Institute: http://www.epi.org/people/richard-rothstein/. Previous influential books include Class and Schools: Using Social, Economic and Educational Reform to Close the Black''White Achievement Gap and Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right. He welcomes questions and comments at riroth@epi.org.
- Search publications by Richard Rothstein
- Calvin Baker - Wikipedia
- American novelist, essayist, and editor
- Calvin Baker (born 1972)[1] is an American novelist, educator, essayist, and editor who has chronicled the African-American experience from the colonial era to the present, centering the Black voice and perspective within the context of trans-Atlantic history. Among his concerns are constructions of American identity, cosmopolitanism, post-colonialism, modernity, geography, and science. His work is often praised for its expansiveness and richness of language. He has taught at Yale College, Skidmore College, Columbia University's Graduate Center for the Arts.
- Biography [ edit ] Born in Chicago,[2] Baker attended the University of Chicago Lab Schools and graduated in 1994 from Amherst College, where he received his degree in English with highest honors in the major.[1]
- His first novel, Naming the New World (1998), was sold to A Wyatt Books for St. Martin's Press when he was 23. The novel begins in Africa before contact with Europe and ends in recent America. The narrative employs postmodern techniques to unify a single consciousness across time. It was hailed by numerous publications, including Time Magazine, as the beginning of a major new voice in American letters.
- His second novel, Once Two Heroes (2003), employs a dual narrative structure, one white, one black, to explore the mid-century connection between America and Europe and 20th-century violence through the prism of World War II and the American phenomenon of racial lynching.
- His third novel, Dominion, is concerned with the promise and potentialities of pre-Revolutionary America, the birth of a racial caste system, and the ghost of loss that haunted the early settlers both black and white.
- Grace, published in 2015, is concerned with the intersection of interior identity and geography, the interplay of logical and emotional systems, and the tension between public and private selves.
- In 2020, Baker's first nonfiction book, A More Perfect Reunion: Race, Integration, and the Future of America, will be published by Bold Type Books.
- Esquire named him one of the best young writers in America in 2005. Dominion was a finalist for the Hurston-Wright Award as well as one of New York Newsday'²s Best Books of the Year.[3][4] His work has been widely acclaimed by critics as well as writers as diverse as Joseph O'Neill, Junot Diaz, Jeffrey Renard Allen, Francisco Goldman, Dale Peck, Maud Newton, and Hannah Tinti. Peck, widely known for his critical takedowns, has called Baker one of his favorite living writers, saying of Grace: "He works in a rarefied strain of literature whose practitioners include Faulkner, Morrison, Calvino and Cormac McCarthy."[5] Newton has praised Baker's Dominion for "richness of language that recalls the King James."[6]
- In 2017 Baker teamed with Peck and publisher John Oakes to relaunch the Evergreen Review, the literary journal founded by Barney Rosset,[7] which was influential in bringing attention to writers such as Samuel Beckett, Jean-Paul Sartre, Vladimir Nabokov, Edward Albee, and Leroi Jones.[8]
- Early in his career Baker worked as a journalist at the New Orleans Times-Picayune, Time Inc., and The Village Voice. His work has also appeared in Harper's Magazine and The New York Times Magazine. His longform piece, Notes for a Spanish Odyssey, about race and migration in Spain, was published as a Kindle Single with Amazon, and is part of the New York Public Library's permanent digital collection.
- He has taught in the English Department at Yale, Columbia University's MFA Program, and the American Studies Department at the University of Leipzig, Germany. He also co-founded the digital content platform ScrollMotion, with Josh Koppel and John Lema. Baker lives in Saratoga Springs, New York.[3]
- Bibliography [ edit ] A More Perfect Reunion. Bold Type Books, 2020. ISBN 978-1-56858-923-7.Grace. Tyrus Books, 2015. ISBN 978-1-440-58575-3.Dominion. Grove Press. 2006. ISBN 0-8021-4309-1. Once Two Heroes. Viking, 2003. ISBN 978-0-670-03164-1.Naming the New World. St. Martin's Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-312-18140-6.References [ edit ] ^ a b "Baker, Calvin 1972-", Encyclopedia.com. ^ "Calvin Baker" [dead link ] , Picador Guest Professorship For Literature, 2013. ^ a b CV, Calvin Baker. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 7, 2011 . Retrieved March 4, 2010 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Praise for Grace". ^ "The Silence That Greeted Dominion", Maud Newton, December 28, 2006. ^ Reid, Calvin, "Counterculture Quarterly 'Evergreen Review' Revived Online", Publishers Weekly, March 1, 2017. ^ "About", Evergreen Review. External links [ edit ] Official websiteInterview with Leonard Lopate, August 26, 2015.Excerpt from Grace, Tyrus BooksExcerpt from Dominion, One Story, May 30, 2006."Novelist Calvin Baker Considers the Word Slavery Made" (interview with Farai Chideya), NPR, May 22, 2007."The Millions: 20 More Under 40"Martin Gallaway, "Five Writers Talk About Their Book Editors", The Awl, December 13, 2010.
- Jeff Glor - Wikipedia
- "Glor" redirects here. For the Swiss surname, see
- Jeffrey Todd Glor (born July 12, 1975)[1] is an American journalist,[2] co-host of CBS This Morning: Saturday and a CBS News special correspondent. He had previously anchored the CBS Evening News.
- Early life and education [ edit ] Glor was born in Buffalo, New York, where he attended Kenmore East High School, a public high school in his hometown of Tonawanda, New York. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1997 with dual degrees in journalism (from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications) and economics. At Syracuse, he was awarded the Henry J. Wolff prize, given to the Newhouse student "most proficient in journalism.'' [3]
- Life and career [ edit ] Glor was co-anchor of WSTM-TV Syracuse's 5 p.m. newscast and a reporter for the 11 p.m. newscast (2000''2003). He was the morning news anchor from 1997 to 2000. He joined WSTM as a part-time producer while still attending college. Glor was named "Best Male News Anchor" by Syracuse New Times and one of the 40 most promising professionals under the age of 40. Glor was a contributing researcher and writer on The Legal Handbook for N.Y. State Journalists.[3] He served as weekend evening news anchor and weekday reporter for WHDH in Boston from 2003 to 2007.
- He joined CBS News in 2007 as co-anchor, and later newsreader, on the Saturday Early Show. He also reported primarily for the weekday version of The Early Show, including an extended period in Iraq, China, and on the presidential campaign in 2008. From 2009 to 2010, he anchored the Saturday edition of the CBS Evening News. Also in 2009, he began to report for other broadcasts, including the CBS Evening News and CBS Sunday Morning, for which he won an Emmy.
- He served as anchor for The Early Show from January 2011 to January 2012. Following that in 2012, he anchored the Saturday edition of the newly launched CBS This Morning, the successor to The Early Show, and also began to focus reporting on long-form stories as a correspondent for CBS This Morning. From 2012 to 2016, he anchored the Sunday edition of the CBS Evening News, and from 2013 to 2014, he was the correspondent on extended investigations for the CBS Evening News, including recalls at General Motors and Takata. In 2015 and 2016, he contributed a wide range of stories to 60 Minutes Sports. He also began filling in for Charlie Rose on his eponymous show on PBS.
- On October 25, 2017, CBS announced that Glor would become the new permanent anchor for the CBS Evening News in late 2017, replacing Scott Pelley, who left the position in June 2017. (Anthony Mason had been anchoring the program on an interim basis after Pelley's departure.)[4] Glor became the new permanent weekday anchor of the CBS Evening News on December 4, 2017.[5]
- In December 2017, Glor interviewed French President Emmanuel Macron[6] at the One Planet Summit in Paris, following Donald Trump's decision to pull the U.S. out of the 2015 Paris Accords.[7] That night he broadcast the Evening News live from the lys(C)e Palace,[8] a first for any American network.[9]
- On May 29, 2018, the CBS Evening News with Jeff Glor reprised the in-depth segment "Eye on America", first launched by CBS News in 1991. Produced by domestic news bureaus, the immersive reports focus on key issues such as the role of teachers in the age of mass shootings, sanctuary cities, opioid addiction, and more.[10]
- On May 6, 2019, Susan Zirinsky, president of CBS News, announced that, beginning in the summer, Norah O'Donnell would be the new anchor and managing editor of the CBS Evening News and that the network was "discussing opportunities" for Glor to remain at CBS News.[11] His last broadcast of the CBS Evening News was May 10, 2019,[12] whereupon he wished O'Donnell "the best of luck" and paid tribute to the behind-the-scenes team[13] by running full staff credits.[14] Rotating series of anchors anchored on an interim basis.[15]
- Starting June 22, 2019, Glor joined Dana Jacobson and Michelle Miller as co-host of CBS This Morning: Saturday and is also serving as a CBS News special correspondent reporting feature stories and investigative reports for the network.[16]
- Personal life [ edit ] A fan of the Buffalo Bills, on August 30, 2011, he interviewed the former Bills head coach Marv Levy on The Early Show.[17]
- Glor and his wife, Nicole (n(C)e Glab),[18] a fitness instructor and former college cheerleader, whom he met at Syracuse University, live in Greenwich, Connecticut[19] and have two children: a son[18] and a daughter.[20]
- See also [ edit ] New Yorkers in journalismReferences [ edit ] ^ U.S. Public Records Index Vol 2 (Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.), 2010. ^ January 29, CBS News; 2019; Pm, 3:32. "Jeff Glor". www.cbsnews.com . Retrieved 2019-02-19 . CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ a b Jeff Glor profile, Cbsnews.com; accessed February 17, 2015. ^ Bauder, David (October 25, 2017). "CBS names Jeff Glor as evening news anchor". Washingtonpost.com . Retrieved October 26, 2017 . ^ http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/television/article/CBS-evening-news-getting-a-new-anchor-and-extra-12398263.php ^ Steinberg, Brian; Steinberg, Brian (2017-12-10). "Jeff Glor to Interview French President Emmanuel Macron on 'CBS Evening News ' ". Variety . Retrieved 2019-03-26 . ^ December 11, CBS News; 2017; Pm, 5:12. "Macron says it was "aggressive" for U.S. to decide to leave Paris climate accord". www.cbsnews.com . Retrieved 2019-03-26 . CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ Producer, Kaley Lynch News 4 Digital (2017-12-11). "France announces winners of climate change grants, with dig at Trump". WIVB . Retrieved 2019-03-26 . ^ January 29, CBS News; 2019; Pm, 3:32. "Jeff Glor". www.cbsnews.com . Retrieved 2019-03-26 . CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ Malone, Michael. "CBS News Brings Back 'Eye on America ' ". Broadcasting & Cable . Retrieved 2019-03-26 . ^ "CBS News announces anchor changes at "CBS This Morning" and "CBS Evening News " ". CBS News . Retrieved May 7, 2019 . ^ Steinberg, Brian (May 8, 2019). "Jeff Glor Will Leave 'CBS Evening News' After Friday's Broadcast". Variety . Retrieved May 10, 2019 . ^ Owens, George (May 10, 2019). "Syracuse alum Jeff Glor signs off CBS Evening News with tribute to staff". Syracuse.com. Advance Media New York . Retrieved May 11, 2019 . ^ "Jeff Glor thanks "CBS Evening News" team in sign off". YouTube. CBS Evening News . Retrieved May 11, 2019 . ^ Steinberg, Brian (May 10, 2019). "John Dickerson Will Do Fill-In Stint on 'CBS Evening News ' ". Variety. ^ "Jeff Glor to Co-Host "CBS This Morning: Saturday " ". CBS News. May 30, 2019 . Retrieved June 4, 2019 . ^ "Hall of Fame coach Marv Levy's new novel". YouTube. August 30, 2011 . Retrieved October 25, 2017 . ^ a b Syracuse Alumni Journal: "Class Notes Fall/Winter 2016| "Nicole Glab Glor '99 (A&S/NEW) and husband Jeff Glor '97 (A&S/NEW) of New York City announce the birth of their son ... Nicole is senior vice president and director of national media relations with Regan Communications, and Jeff is a correspondent and anchor with CBS News.", Sumagazine.syr.edu ^ Marchant, Robert (October 4, 2018). "CBS news anchor covers the world but finds his base in Greenwich". Greenwich Time . Retrieved May 10, 2019 . ^ CBS News: "CBSN's Jeff Glor and wife Nicole welcome baby Victoria!", Cbsnews.com, June 18, 2015.
- Music in this Episode
- Intro: Common - The People with Kanye West
- Outro: Bootsy Collins - I'd rather be with you
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