• Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 8th 2021, Episode number 72

• I'm Adam Curry coming to you from the heart of Texas Hill Country and it's time once again to spin the wheel of Topics with from here to Northern Virginia, please say hello to my friend on the other end: Mr. Moe Factz

• "Duke Power"

• Description
  • Adam and Moe celebrate Moe's birthday with a topic that is personal

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  • Buddy Arceneaux

• Executive Producers:
  • Buddy Arceneaux
  • colin mclane
  • Dance Houston
  • Lorraine Converse
  • Jason Kretchman
  • Steven Page
  • Stephen Smith
  • Alejandro Alcocer
  • David Roll
  • Nicholas Ray
  • Rochelle Stowe
  • William Bullock
  • Daniel Miller

• Associate Executive Producers:
  • LanVy Nguyen
  • Ogfomk Arts
  • John Taylor
  • Jon Cornforth
  • Olaf Wolff
  • Paul E. Lovato
  • Christopher Bargeron
  • Zack Welch
  • aaron hardy
  • Erik Höchel
  • William Sola
  • William Sola
  • William Sola
  • C.Davis
  • Craig Scott
  • Edwin Torres
  • Marilyn Plaza
  • Zachary Maywood

• Episode 72 Club Members
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  • Crystal Mangum - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 05:43
    •  
    • Crystal Mangum
    • BornCrystal Gail Mangum
    • ( 1978-07-18 ) July 18, 1978 (age 43) [1]OccupationStripperCriminal statusIncarcerated Spouse(s) Kenneth McNeillChildren3Criminal chargeMurder (second degree)[2]Penalty14''18 yearsVictimsReginald DayeDateApril 3, 2011Crystal Gail Mangum (born July 18, 1978)[1] is a former exotic dancer and convicted murderer from Durham, North Carolina, who is best known for having made false allegations of rape[3][4][5] against lacrosse players in the 2006 Duke lacrosse case. The fact that Mangum was a black woman working in the sex industry, while the accused were all white men, created extensive media interest and academic debate about race, class, gender and the politicization of the justice system.
    • In February 2010, she was arrested on charges of attempted murder of her live-in partner, Milton Walker.[6] She was eventually convicted of contributing to the delinquency of a juvenile, injury to personal property and resisting a public officer.[7]
    • In November 2013, she was found guilty of second-degree murder after she stabbed boyfriend Reginald Daye, who died 10 days after.[8] She argued that she acted in self-defense, fearing that Daye would kill her.[9] She was sentenced to 14 to 18 years in prison.
    • Early life [ edit ] Mangum was born and grew up in Durham, North Carolina, the daughter of Travis Mangum, a truck driver, and his wife Mary. She was the youngest of three children.[1] She attended Hillside High School, graduating in 1996.
    • In 1996, Mangum filed a police report alleging that three years earlier, when she was 14, she had been kidnapped by three assailants, driven to Creedmoor, North Carolina, and raped. One of those she accused was her boyfriend, who was 21 at the time, which would be statutory rape. She subsequently backed away from the charges, a move relatives claimed was motivated by fear for her life. Mangum's father said he did not believe she was raped or injured, though her mother believed such an incident could have occurred'--but not in 1993. She thinks it is more likely to have happened when Crystal was 17 or 18 years old, shortly before she made the police report.[1] Mangum's ex-husband, Kenneth Nathanial McNeill, believed the incident occurred as she said it did.[1]
    • After graduation from high school in 1996, Mangum joined the US Navy. She trained to operate radios and navigation technology. While serving in the Navy, Mangum married McNeill. Her marriage quickly broke down. Mangum reported to police that her husband had threatened to kill her, but the charge was dismissed when she failed to appear in court.[1] She served for less than two years in the Navy before being discharged after becoming pregnant by a fellow sailor, with whom she went on to have another child.[1]
    • By 2002, Mangum had returned to Durham and was working as an exotic dancer. In 2002, she was arrested on 10 charges after stealing the taxicab of a customer to whom she had given a lap dance. This prompted a police pursuit at speeds of up to 70 miles per hour, occasionally in the wrong lane. After being stopped, Mangum nearly ran over a police officer, succeeding only in hitting his patrol vehicle. She was found to have a blood alcohol content of over twice the legal limit. Ultimately, Mangum pleaded guilty on four counts: assault on a government official, larceny, speeding to elude arrest, and driving while impaired, serving three weekends in jail, paying $4,200 in restitution and fees, and being given two years' probation.[1]
    • In 2004, Mangum earned an associate degree from Durham Technical Community College, and subsequently enrolled full-time at North Carolina Central University. At the time of the rape allegations, she was in her second year, studying police psychology, and earning a 3.0 average.[1]
    • Duke lacrosse case [ edit ] In March 2006, Mangum was hired as a stripper at a party organized by members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team. After arriving in an intoxicated state, having earlier consumed alcohol and cyclobenzaprine, to perform with another stripper at a house rented by three of the team captains, she became involved in an argument with the occupants of the residence and subsequently left.
    • Mangum then became involved in an altercation with her fellow stripper that necessitated police assistance. The officer who arrived on scene took her to a local drug and mental health center, where she was in the process of being involuntarily committed when, after being asked a leading question, she made a false allegation that she had been raped at the party. District Attorney Mike Nifong, who was up for re-election, pursued the case despite questions about the credibility of Mangum,[12] and conspired with a DNA lab director to withhold exculpatory evidence that would have cleared the lacrosse players of the rape accusations.[13] It took almost a year for the state's attorney general's office to dismiss the charges and declare that the players were innocent of the charges laid against them by Nifong.[14]
    • In 2008, Mangum published a memoir, The Last Dance for Grace: The Crystal Mangum Story, written with Vincent Clark.[15] The book gives an unsubstantiated version of events, and she continued to insist on the debunked claim that she was assaulted[16] at the party. Mangum claimed that the dropping of the case was politically motivated. The book also outlines her earlier life, reasserting her claim that she was raped at the age of 14.[17]
    • Attempted murder and murder charge [ edit ] Just before midnight on February 17, 2010, Durham police were called to Mangum's residence by her nine-year-old daughter. They said that, when they arrived, they found Mangum and her live-in partner, Milton Walker, fighting.[6] She reportedly set fire to some of his clothing in a bathtub in their presence. The building suffered heavy smoke damage. They arrested Mangum on charges of attempted murder, first-degree arson, assault and battery, identity theft, communicating threats, damage to property, resisting an officer, and misdemeanor child abuse.[18]
    • Mangum was ordered to remain in jail on $1 million bond. Her bond was lowered to $100,000 in May, and she was released from jail to live in a friend's house. She was required to wear an electronic monitoring device. On July 12, 2010, Mangum was released from house arrest and required to move in with her mother. She was allowed to visit her three children but only under supervision of social services. Mangum was arrested again on August 25, 2010, and held on $150,000 bond for failure to comply with the restrictions on her child visitation order.[19]
    • On December 17, 2010, Mangum was convicted of contributing to the delinquency of a juvenile, injury to personal property and resisting a public officer.[7] The jury deadlocked 9''3 for not guilty on the felony arson charge but was unable to reach a decision on it.[20]
    • After the verdict, Judge Abe Jones sentenced Mangum to 88 days in jail, which she had already served, and left the custody decision in the hands of social services.[21] Durham Assistant District Attorney Mark McCullough announced on January 21, 2011, that he would not retry Mangum on arson charges.[22]
    • Second-degree murder conviction [ edit ] Mangum was arrested on April 3, 2011, following accusations that she repeatedly stabbed and seriously injured a boyfriend, Reginald Daye. She was charged with assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill or inflicting serious bodily injury, a class C felony in North Carolina.[23][24] Ten days later, Daye died in the hospital, and Mangum was indicted on a murder charge.[25] Mangum was held in jail under a $300,000 secured bail bond, which was set prior to her boyfriend's death.[8][26] On November 1, 2011, Mangum was deemed competent to stand trial for murder.[27]
    • On May 1, 2012, Mangum's attorney withdrew, citing the release by Mangum of confidential information regarding her case to her supporters.[28] On February 20, 2013, Mangum was released on bail until trial.[29]
    • At the trial, Mangum argued that she stabbed Daye in self-defense, as she was being assaulted by him. The prosecution argued that the forensic evidence supported Daye's dying statement that he was attempting to get away from Mangum when he was stabbed.[2]
    • On November 22, 2013, she was convicted of second-degree murder by a jury of seven men and five women. Judge Paul Ridgeway sentenced her to serve a minimum of 14 years, 2 months and a maximum of 18 years in prison.[2] According to the North Carolina Department of Public Safety, she is projected to be released from prison on February 27, 2026.[30]
    • In 2015, Mangum filed for an appeal of her 2013 conviction due to trial testimony allowed during trial related to an argument with a man in 2010. She later filed grievances with the North Carolina State Bar Association against the attorney that filed the appeal and her attorneys from the 2013 murder trial. The bar declined to take any action.
    • In 2018, Mangum appeared before Superior Court Judge Carolyn J.Thompson in Durham County on motions Mangum filed against the Durham County Police Department, the Durham County District Attorney's Office and Police Officer Marianne Bond for malicious prosecution related to 2011 larceny charges. When arrested in 2011, Mangum was in possession of two money orders from Daye. Mangum stated that the money orders were given to her by Daye to pay rent and that Daye, prior to his death had confirmed this to Bond, however Bond and the DA's Office sought to charge Mangum with 2 counts of larceny, one for each money order. Judge Thompson dismissed the motion due to the expiration of the three year statute of limitations. Mangum has not been convicted of the larceny charges.[citation needed ]
    • As of August 2018, Mangum currently held at Neuse Correctional Institution in Goldsboro, North Carolina.[31]
    • In media [ edit ] A version of the story of Daye's killing was featured in an episode of Wives with Knives, which aired December 12, 2012, during its first season on Investigation Discovery.[32] Mangum appeared in the episode, having given a jailhouse interview to the show's producers in the summer of 2012.[33] The interview focused mostly on the murder and not the Duke lacrosse case. Daye's murder was featured on an episode of Fatal Attraction, called "Toxic Romance", which aired on TV One on August 4, 2014 (Season 2 Episode 23).[34] An episode of Snapped, which aired on October 7, 2018, titled "Crystal Mangum", detailed her story and Daye's murder.[35]
    • See also [ edit ] Tawana Brawley rape allegations - a similar 1987 case of false rape allegations that occurred in Wappingers Falls, New York.References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i "Crystal Gail Mangum: Profile of the Duke Rape Accuser". FoxNews.com. April 11, 2007 . Retrieved April 15, 2011 . ^ a b c "Mangum found guilty in boyfriend's stabbing death", WRAL.com; accessed December 22, 2016. ^ Katz, Neil (February 18, 2010). "Crystal Mangum, stripper who falsely accused Duke lacrosse players, charged with attempted murder". CBS News. CBS . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ "North Carolina: Woman in Duke case guilty in killing". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 22, 2013 . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ Yamato, Jen (March 12, 2016). "The stripper who cried 'rape': Revisiting the Duke lacrosse case ten years later". The Daily Beast . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ a b Davis, Stacy; Hartness, Erin (2010-02-18). "Duke lacrosse accuser charged with attempted murder, arson". WRAL-TV . Retrieved 2016-04-30 . ^ a b Emery P. Palesio, "Duke lacrosse accuser convicted of child abuse", Associated Press, December 17, 2013. ^ a b "Police: Boyfriend of Duke lacrosse accuser is dead", newsobserver.com, April 14, 2011. ^ "Crystal Mangum, Duke lacrosse accuser, convicted, sentenced in boyfriend's stabbing death". New York Daily News. November 22, 2013 . Retrieved March 10, 2019 . ^ Craig Jarvis (13 April 2007). "Mangum's life: conflict, contradictions". News and Observer. Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. ^ Laura Parker (June 19, 2007). "Disbarment may not be end for Nifong". USA Today. ^ "NC attorney general: Duke players 'innocent ' ". Edition.cnn.com . Retrieved April 16, 2010 . ^ Meadows, Susannah (April 6, 2014). ''Telling Victim From Villain at Duke''. The New York Times. ^ Walker, Marlon A.; Beard, Aaron (October 24, 2008). "Duke lacrosse accuser pens memoir". Boston.com '' via The Boston Globe. ^ Andrew Hibbard, "Memoir chronicles lax accuser's troubled life", The Chronicle, Duke University, November 6, 2008. Page 3. ^ Attempted murder charges for Duke accuser Archived 2011-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, thetimesnews.com; accessed December 22, 2016. ^ "Arrest warrant issued for Mangum in Durham". WRAL-TV . Retrieved October 9, 2010 . ^ Jesse James DeConto, "Judge declares mistrial on Mangum's felony arson charge", newsobservor.com, December 17, 2013. ^ Judge declares mistrial on Mangum's felony arson charge, newsobserver.com, December 17, 2010. ^ Duke lacrosse accuser won't face arson retrial, wwaytv3.com, January 21, 2011. ^ "Police: Duke lacrosse accuser charged in stabbing". WRAL.com. April 3, 2011 . Retrieved April 4, 2011 . ^ "Felonious assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill or inflicting serious injury; punishments" (PDF) . ^ "Duke Lacrosse Accuser Indicted on Murder Charge", foxnews.com, April 18, 2011. ^ Man Mangum accused of stabbing dies Archived 2011-04-16 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Lacrosse accuser deemed competent for murder trial". Durham, North Carolina: WRAL. November 1, 2011. ^ Bridges, Virginia. "Crystal Mangum's attorney withdraws from murder case". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012 . Retrieved 1 November 2017 . ^ "Duke lacrosse accuser released on bond on murder charge", WRAL.com; accessed December 22, 2016. ^ "North Carolina Department Of Public Safety Offender Public Information". North Carolina Department of Public Safety . Retrieved March 13, 2016 . ^ Bridges, Virginia. "Judge denies Duke lacrosse accuser's request for new murder trial, release from jail". The Herald Sun. McClatchy . Retrieved 20 September 2021 . ^ " " Wives with Knives" Stripped to the Bone (TV Episode 2012) - IMDb" '' via www.imdb.com. ^ Bridges, Virginia (July 15, 2012). "Discovery interviews Crystal Mangum for 'Wives with Knives ' ". News & Observer . Retrieved September 23, 2014 . ^ "Toxic Romance". tvguide.com. ^ "Crystal Mangum". Oxygen. 5 October 2018. Sources and further reading [ edit ] Taylor Jr., Stuart; Johnson, KC (2007), Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustices of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case, Macmillan, ISBN 9780312384869
  • Mike Nifong - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 04:59
    •  
    • Disbarred North Carolina attorney, and politician
    • Michael Byron Nifong (born September 14, 1950) is an American former North Carolina attorney, who has been disbarred.[2] He served as the district attorney for Durham County, North Carolina until he was removed, disbarred and jailed following court findings concerning his conduct in the Duke lacrosse case, primarily his conspiring with the DNA lab director to withhold exculpatory DNA evidence that could have acquitted the defendants.[3]
    • Early life [ edit ] Nifong was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, and attended New Hanover High School.[4] He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) in 1971 with a degree in political science. He registered as a conscientious objector and participated in anti-war protests during the Vietnam War.[5] After working as a teacher and social worker, Nifong returned to UNC in 1975 and earned a J.D. degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1978. He was admitted to the North Carolina bar.
    • Career [ edit ] After spending a year as a per diem assistant with the Durham County District Attorney's office, Nifong was hired on a full-time basis in 1979. He eventually worked his way up to chief assistant. After District Attorney Jim Hardin was appointed to a Superior Court vacancy in 2005, Governor Mike Easley appointed Nifong to fill out the remainder of Hardin's term. Nifong was sworn in on April 27, 2005.[6] As the Duke lacrosse case unfolded, Nifong won the Democratic primary on May 2, 2006 for Durham County District Attorney.[7] He won the general election in November 2006 by a close margin of 833 votes.
    • Duke lacrosse case [ edit ] In 2006, Nifong pursued rape, sexual assault, and kidnapping charges against Reade Seligmann, Collin Finnerty, and David Evans, three white members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team. The accusation of sexual assault was made by Crystal Mangum, one of two local black woman who the lacrosse team hired to work as strippers at a party.[8] The case attracted national and international media attention.[9] Former New York Times public editor Daniel Okrent wrote, "It [the case] conformed too well to too many preconceived notions of too many in the press: white over black, rich over poor, athletes over non-athletes, men over women, educated over non-educated."[10]
    • In the first weeks of the case, Nifong gave an estimated 50 to 70 interviews. On the day he received his first briefing by police, March 27, 2006, he told the press, "The circumstances of the rape indicated a deep racial motivation for some of the things that were done." By April 1, he had made 48 statements to the press, including assertions that others present at the party where the alleged assault took place were covering for the accused players, saying, "I would like to think that somebody who was not in the bathroom has the human decency to call up and say, 'What am I doing covering up for a bunch of hooligans?'"[11] Initial media reports on the case largely reflected Nifong's statements and opinions.[12]
    • Nifong said in a court hearing on October 27, six months after the arrest of Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans, that he had not yet interviewed the alleged victim. "I haven't talked with her about the facts of that night...We're not at that stage yet." According to Nifong, none of his assistants had discussed the case with her, either.[13]
    • On December 22, 2006, Nifong dropped the rape charge (while the sexual assault and kidnapping charges were still being pursued) against the three lacrosse players after Mangum changed her story, saying that she was no longer certain whether she was penetrated vaginally by one or more of the men. This was a few days after it was revealed in court that Nifong had withheld evidence from the defense concerning DNA tests.[14] Nifong was strongly criticized for pressing ahead with what appeared to many to be a weak case without any physical evidence. The defense argued that Mangum had given at least a dozen different accounts of the incident, changing the number of attackers from twenty to three, and modifying the methods by which she was assaulted.[14]
    • In January 2007, Nifong sent a letter to then-North Carolina Attorney General Roy A. Cooper, asking his office to assume responsibility of the case.[15] This came days after Mangum changed her story again, claiming that suspect Seligmann was not involved in the alleged attack.[16][17] Previously she had accused him and two others of the alleged rape.[16][17]
    • The next day, Cooper announced that his office would take over the case.[18] In April, he announced that charges against the three players would be dropped and that "based on the significant inconsistencies between the evidence and the various accounts given by the accusing witness, we believe these three individuals are innocent of these charges".[19]
    • Criticism [ edit ] Defense lawyers and media outlets were strongly critical of Nifong's handling of the case. Nifong said that the criticisms were the product of a defense strategy to malign the prosecution and intimidate the alleged rape victim.[20]
    • As the details of the case emerged, Nifong was attacked not only from advocates of the indicted students but by news sources such as The Washington Post[21] and the Los Angeles Times.[22]They claimed he went public with a series of accusations that later turned out to be untrue; that he exaggerated and intensified racial tensions; that he unduly influenced the Durham police investigation; that he tried to manipulate potential witnesses; that he refused to hear exculpatory evidence before indictment; that regulations on the conduct of an identification exercise were breached by failure to include "dummy" photographs of anyone who was not at the party; that he had never spoken directly to the alleged victim about the accusations; and that he made misleadingly incomplete presentations of various aspects of the evidence in the case (including DNA results).[citation needed ]
    • Additional coverage critical of the prosecution's case included that expressed by: 60 Minutes, Charlotte Observer,[23][24] Fox News,[25] Greensboro News & Record,[26] National Journal,[citation needed ] Newark Star-Ledger,[27] The News & Observer,[3] Newsweek,[citation needed ] New York Daily News,[28] New York magazine,[29] San Diego Union Tribune,[30] Washington Times,[31] The Star-News (Wilmington, N.C.),[32] and the now-defunct Rocky Mountain News.[33]
    • Nifong gave more than 50 interviews, many with the national media, according to his own account and confirmed by the News & Observer.[3][34][35] In these interviews, Nifong repeatedly said that he was "confident that a rape occurred",[36] calling the players "a bunch of hooligans" whose "daddies could buy them expensive lawyers."[24] From early April 2006, however, Nifong generally refused to talk to the media.[35]
    • On July 18, 2006, defense lawyers charged that Nifong made "unprofessional and discourteous" remarks. During a preliminary hearing, Nifong said, "[Defense] attorneys were almost disappointed that their clients didn't get indicted so they could be a part of this spectacle here in Durham." One lawyer asserted that "Nifong's statement is an insult to the legal profession as a whole and is certainly unwarranted by any facts in this case." Others saw it as a personal insult. Nifong then went on vacation and could not be reached for further comment.[37]
    • On October 27, 2006, Nifong said in court that neither he nor his assistants had yet discussed the alleged assault with the accuser, saying they had so far left that aspect of the investigation to the police.[38]
    • Critics of the district attorney requested that Nifong be investigated, punished and disbarred for his actions in this case.[39] On December 12, 2006, Republican Representative Walter B. Jones of North Carolina's 3rd district was reported to have sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales asking for an investigation into whether Nifong committed "prosecutorial misconduct" and violated the civil rights of the three suspects in the case;[40] Gonzales stated that his office might investigate how Nifong had handled the case.[41] Critics noted that police were instructed to "Go through Mr. Nifong for any directions as to how to conduct matters in this case." This was an unusual move for a prosecutor to order.[42]
    • On December 16, 2006, it was revealed that Nifong and DNA lab director Brian Meehan conspired to withhold exculpatory DNA evidence from the final report submitted to the defense team.[43][44]
    • The prosecution of the case was criticized by the legal analyst for the National Journal, Stuart Taylor,[45] as well as New York Times columnists David Brooks[46] and Nicholas Kristof.[45] An investigation by CBS' 60 Minutes "reveal[ed] disturbing facts about the conduct of the police and the district attorney, and raise[d] serious concerns."[24] (This 60 Minutes segment was honored with a Peabody Award on April 4, 2007.)[47] Several writers at Slate criticized the prosecution's actions and especially criticized the mainstream media for accepting prosecution claims at face value in spite of countervailing evidence.[48][49]
    • In light of the fact that Nifong failed to turn over exculpatory evidence to defense lawyers on December 22, 2006, The News & Observer wrote that "to press forward in the [...] case, District Attorney Mike Nifong must rely on scanty evidence while deflecting serious questions about whether he broke the law or violated the ethics rules governing prosecutors."[50]
    • Thomas Sowell accused Nifong of using the case to improve his chances in the next election by gaining large support from the African American community.[51][52] Nifong ultimately won the primary and general election in the midst of the case, despite the fact that allegations of ethical improprieties had already come to light. A federal judge in 2011 ruled that the civil lawsuit could proceed against Nifong, including claims of "malicious prosecution" and "fabrication of false evidence".[53]
    • Ethics charges [ edit ] On December 28, 2006, the North Carolina State Bar filed ethics charges against Nifong over his conduct in the case, accusing him of making public statements that were "prejudicial to the administration of justice" and of engaging in "conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation."[54] The seventeen-page document accuses Nifong of violating four rules of professional conduct, listing more than fifty examples of statements he made to the media.[55]
    • The State Bar filed a second round of ethics charges on January 24, 2007.[56] In this document, it accused Nifong of a "systematic abuse of prosecutorial discretion ... prejudicial to the administration of justice" when he withheld DNA evidence to mislead the court.[57]
    • Nifong's lawyers filed a report asking for dismissal of some of the charges against him on March 19, arguing that his actions had not prevented the defendants from a fair trial since defense attorneys received a DNA report before a trial date was set. The State Bar denied the request, pointing out that North Carolina law "is unambiguous: Anyone subject to an NTO [Nontestimonial Identification Order] must be given any report of test results as soon as such a report is available." The Bar continued that "Nifong is effectively arguing that he can make false statements to a court which result in the entry of an order, and then use the order that is based on his misrepresentations to claim he committed no discovery violation."[58][59]
    • At an April 13 hearing, another request for dismissal of charges was denied. Nifong's team argued that the law about revealing exculpatory evidence to the defense was too vague about a timetable. Attorneys for the State Bar pointed out that it was only through diligent efforts of the Duke players' defense team that the DNA report was finally made available to them. The formal ethics hearing began on June 12 in Raleigh.[60]
    • On June 15, Nifong took the stand to testify in his own defense. During the testimony, he apologized to the families of the Duke athletes and stated that he would resign as district attorney. Joseph Cheshire, attorney for David Evans, one of the accused players, dismissed the apology as "a cynical political attempt to save his law license".[61] During the trial, Nifong acknowledged he knew there was no DNA evidence connecting lacrosse players Reade Seligmann and Collin Finnerty to the 28-year-old woman who accused them of attacking her when he indicted them on charges of rape, sexual offense and kidnapping a year prior.[62]
    • Disbarment [ edit ] On June 16, 2007, the North Carolina State Bar Disciplinary Committee unanimously voted to disbar Nifong after delivering a guilty verdict to 27 of 32 charges. The committee found Nifong's previous disciplinary record and acknowledgment of his improper pre-trial statements were substantially outweighed by (among other things) the players' vulnerability and his failure to acknowledge the "wrongful nature of (his) conduct with respect of the handling of DNA evidence."[63]
    • Committee chair Lane Williamson called the case a "fiasco" and said Nifong's actions involved "dishonesty, fraud, deceit and misrepresentation." Williamson further stated, "At the time he was facing a primary, and yes, he was politically naive, but we can draw no other conclusion that those initial statements he made were to further his political ambitions." In the end, the panel concluded that "there is no discipline short of disbarment appropriate in this case given the magnitude of the offenses found."[63]
    • Nifong agreed to surrender his law license and said he would not appeal; through his attorney, he said that disbarment was an appropriate punishment. Nifong is the first sitting district attorney in the history of North Carolina to be disbarred.[64] Earlier in the day, Nifong offered to voluntarily surrender his law license. However, Williamson said that the panel had to issue a ruling, and issued its disbarment order shortly thereafter.[65] Under North Carolina law, the order took effect 30 days after Nifong received it in writing.[62]
    • Immediately after the hearing, lawyers for the three players said they would seek to have Nifong held in criminal contempt of court for his false statements.[66] The lawyers added that calls for a federal civil rights investigation into the matter weren't out of line.[67] The players' attorneys called for an independent investigation into the case, and as of June 2007[update] Cooper was considering whether to open a criminal probe into the affair.[68]
    • The players' attorneys said on June 18 that their clients were very likely to file a civil suit against Nifong to recover their legal expenses and restore their reputations. It is not known how much they can recover; Nifong had no income aside from his salary as DA, and public records indicate that he has no significant assets other than his home in Durham, real estate in western North Carolina and retirement accounts. According to The News and Observer, the players incurred $3 million in legal costs.[66]
    • On June 18, Nifong submitted his resignation to Governor Easley and Durham County Chief Superior Court Judge Orlando Hudson, saying he would leave office on July 13. Hudson said that Nifong should have resigned immediately, saying that defense attorneys could challenge Nifong's authority. Easley, a former prosecutor and state attorney general, also felt that Nifong should have resigned immediately.[62]
    • Early on June 19, Hudson issued an order suspending Nifong from office with pay.[69] Under North Carolina law,[70] this was the first step in a process that allows the chief judge of a county to remove that county's district attorney from office. Hudson also appointed a Raleigh attorney as special prosecutor to oversee the removal proceeding.[71] A Durham resident, Beth Brewer had asked Hudson to remove Nifong in February on the grounds that Nifong engaged in willful misconduct and brought disrepute upon his office '' two of the criteria required for removing a district attorney from office. This process has been used only once before, when the district attorney for New Hanover and Pender counties was removed from office in 1995 for making a racial slur.[citation needed ]
    • On June 20, Nifong began talks with the special prosecutor about the possibility of leaving office immediately, but later that day, Easley appointed Jim Hardin, Nifong's predecessor, as acting district attorney. This came hours after Easley signed a bill that would allow the governor to remove a district attorney or judge from office if he or she has been disbarred or suspended from practicing law.[72][73] Easley strongly supported the bill, which unanimously passed both houses of the legislature.[74]
    • Easley had let it be known that he would have removed Nifong from office immediately if he had had the authority and power to do so. It had been unclear how soon Easley could have removed Nifong under this new law. The bill does not allow a governor to remove a DA or judge until the State Bar formally issued its order of disbarment, and all appeals have been exhausted. However, as mentioned above, Nifong had said he would not appeal. Hardin was sworn in the next day, and served until September 2007, when Easley appointed Assistant District Attorney David Saacks to fill out the first half of Nifong's term. At the time of Hardin's swearing-in, negotiations were still under way between Nifong and the special prosecutor,[75] and Hudson was proceeding with the hearing to remove him for good.[76] However, according to a spokesman for the state's Administrative Office of the Courts, Nifong's tenure as DA ended with Hardin's swearing-in.[1] Nifong formally resigned from office on July 2.[citation needed ]
    • Nifong's former assistant district attorney, Tracey Cline, was elected District Attorney in a 2008 special election and re-elected in 2010. She was removed from office herself in 2012 for, among other things, making defamatory accusations against Judge Hudson. Her license to practice law was suspended for five years in 2015 but she was not disbarred.[77][78]
    • On June 22, the players' lawyers filed their motion asking Superior Court Judge Osmond Smith, who presided over the case, to hold Nifong in contempt. The players also wanted Nifong to pay for the 60 to 100 hours it took to prove that he misrepresented the DNA evidence. Nifong was charged with having violated at least a dozen laws, rules and court orders designed to protect defendants' rights by playing "a game of hide and seek" with evidence that could have cleared the players. The players' motion also alleged that Nifong's misconduct "shocks the conscience and defies any notion of accident or negligence". Earlier that same month, Judge Smith had filed papers stating that he retained control over the case although the charges had been dismissed, and had the power to impose his own sanctions against Nifong.[79]
    • On July 25, Nifong issued a less qualified apology for his actions, saying he did not challenge Cooper's conclusion that there was "no credible evidence" to support the charges he had made. While the players' attorneys expressed skepticism about his sincerity, they did withdraw their demands that he pay for the legal work it took to ferret out the DNA evidence.[80]
    • In a letter addressed to the North Carolina State Bar on August 7, Nifong formally surrendered his law license. He then decried the "fundamental unfairness" with which his disbarment was conducted, contradicting his own lawyer's assertion that Nifong believed disbarment to be an appropriate punishment. To explain the physical condition of the license, Nifong said the license had been damaged "by a puppy in her chewing stage", and therefore had never been framed or displayed.[81]
    • Sentence and jail [ edit ] On September 7, 2007, after having already been disbarred, Nifong reported to the Durham County jail to serve a one-day jail sentence for contempt of court. He was held alone in a cell for his protection.[82]
    • Sued by players [ edit ] On October 5, 2007, Evans, Finnerty, and Seligmann filed a federal lawsuit alleging that Nifong engineered a wide-ranging conspiracy to frame the players. Also named in the suit were the lab that handled the DNA work, the city of Durham, the city's former police chief, the deputy police chief, the two police detectives who handled the case and five other police department employees. The players sought unspecified damages, and wanted to place the Durham Police Department under court supervision for 10 years, claiming the actions of the police department pose "a substantial risk of irreparable injury to other persons in the City of Durham." According to the suit, Nifong's sole motive was to win support for his reelection bid; the suit alleges that Nifong told his campaign manager that the case would provide "'millions of dollars' in free advertising."[83] This allegation is confirmed by The New York Times,[84] and by an interview with Nifong's campaign manager.[85] Nifong asked the state attorney general's office and the Administrative Office of the Courts to pay his legal fees and help defend him, but both offices refused on the grounds that Nifong's actions involved "fraud, corruption (and) malice."[86]
    • Bankruptcy filing [ edit ] On January 15, 2008, Nifong filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.[87] He listed assets of almost $244,000 and liabilities of over $180.3 million, virtually all of which derived from six $30 million "unsecured nonpriority claims", one for each of the six members of the 2005''06 Duke lacrosse team suing Nifong, among others.[citation needed ]
    • While the bankruptcy filing automatically delayed the civil suit against him, it may not protect Nifong from civil liability for his actions in the case. Unsecured creditors can still pursue claims against someone filing for bankruptcy if the debt was incurred through "willful and malicious injury" to them.[88] Seligmann's attorney, noted Triangle lawyer David Rudolf, said that the players intend to pursue such a claim.[89]
    • According to at least one bankruptcy law expert, Nifong's bankruptcy filing is a tacit admission that he does not have the resources to defend himself against the players' civil suit, and is trying to protect what assets he is allowed to protect under the law.[90] On March 11, 2008, the Bankruptcy Administrator recommended that Nifong's Chapter 7 bankruptcy case be dismissed or converted to a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case because Nifong earned income above the requirement set forth in the Means Test to be eligible to file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case.[91] However, the Bankruptcy Court ultimately held that Nifong was eligible to be a debtor in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case and granted him a bankruptcy discharge on June 4, 2008. Later that same year, Judge William L. Stocks lifted the automatic stay imposed by Nifong's bankruptcy filing, and announced that the plaintiffs can pursue their lawsuit.[92]
    • Later developments [ edit ] In July 2014 there was a call for all the cases Nifong had prosecuted to be reviewed on the basis of his having been shown to ignore due process in some cases including the murder trial against Darryl Howard, who had been convicted in 1995 of a 1991 murder of a woman and her daughter.[93]
    • In 2014, Darryl Howard, who at that time had been imprisoned for murder for 20 years, was granted a new trial because Nifong had withheld evidence in the trial that led to his convictions.[94] Two years later, following a hearing where the state was asked why the convictions should stand, the murder conviction was vacated and Howard released from prison, noting that DNA evidence not presented to the jury would likely have exonerated him.[95]
    • Personal life [ edit ] Nifong is twice married, his second wife is Cy Gurney, regional administrator of North Carolina Guardian ad Litem. He has a daughter from his first marriage and a son with Gurney. He lives in northern Durham County.[96][97]
    • References [ edit ] ^ a b "Hardin Sworn in as New Durham DA". WRAL.com. June 21, 2007. ^ Beard, Aaron (August 31, 2007). "Judge Finds Duke Prosecutor in Contempt". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 13, 2007 . Retrieved August 31, 2007 . ^ a b c Neff, Joseph (August 6, 2006). "Lacrosse files show gaps in DA's case". News & Observer. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. ^ "Our Campaigns - Candidate - Michael "Mike" Nifong". www.ourcampaigns.com. ^ Wilson, Duff; Barstow, David (January 12, 2007). "Prosecutor Asks to Exit Duke Case". The New York Times. Durham, NC . Retrieved December 22, 2016 . ^ "Archive of Nifong's former website". Archived from the original on 2006-04-23 . Retrieved 2008-02-01 . ^ Niolet, Benjamin; Biesecker, Michael; Blythe, Anne (May 3, 2006). "Nifong prevails in DA race". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on August 30, 2006. ^ "Duke Lacrosse Scandal Sheds New Light on the Stripper Industry: A Campus Trend?". ABC News . Retrieved November 4, 2006 . ^ Neff, J. (January 15, 2007). "Nifong conduct rebuked early". News & Observer. Raleigh, NC. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. ^ Smolkin, R. (2007). "Justice Delayed". American Journalism Review. 29 (August/September): 18''21. ^ Mosteller, R.P. (2007). "The Duke Lacrosse Case, Innocence, and False Identifications: A Fundamental Failure to 'Do Justice ' " (PDF) . Fordham Law Review. 76 (3): 1337''1412. ^ Feighery, G.; Hasian, M.; Rieke, R. (2010). "The Search for Social Justice and the Presumption of Innocence in the Duke University (USA) Lacrosse Case of 2006'--07". In Cheney, G.; et al. (eds.). Handbook of Communication Ethics. Routledge. pp. 258''72. ISBN 9780203890400. ^ Beard, Aaron (October 27, 2006). "Prosecutor Yet to Interview Rape Accuser". The Washington Post. Associated Press. ^ a b "Duke rape charges dropped". Associated Press. October 22, 2006. ^ "DA in Duke Rape Case Asks to Be Taken off Case". ABC News. January 12, 2007. ^ a b "Lacrosse Defense: Accuser's Story Changes Again". WRAL.com. January 11, 2007. ^ a b "Accuser changes story in lacrosse case". The News & Observer. January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on January 13, 2007. ^ "Prosecutor Mike Nifong Removed From Duke Case". WCBS-TV New York. January 13, 2007. ^ Beard, Aaron (April 11, 2007). "Prosecutors Drop Charges in Duke Case". The Washington Post . Retrieved September 16, 2015 . ^ "As Duke rape case unravels, D.A.'s judgment questioned: Defense describes him as willing to skirt law for conviction". San Francisco Chronicle. December 24, 2006. ^ "Prosecutorial Indiscretion". The Washington Post. December 31, 2006. ^ "Dropping Charges at Duke". Los Angeles Times. December 26, 2006. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. ^ "Investigate the investigation". The Charlotte Observer. December 23, 2006. ^ a b c "Duke Rape Suspects Speak Out". 60 Minutes. Oct 15, 2006. ^ "Duke Defense Lawyers Say Evidence May Give Arrested Lacrosse Players Alibis". Fox News. April 18, 2006. ^ "Nifong begins retreat from Duke rape case". Greensboro News-Record. December 23, 2006. ^ "The prosecutor is guilty". The Star-Ledger. December 30, 2006. ^ "The Duke Three should go free". New York Daily News. December 29, 2006. ^ "Rape, Justice, and the 'Times ' ". New York Magazine. October 16, 2006. ^ "Just who's guilty?". The San Diego Union Tribune. December 30, 2006. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. ^ "The Duke Case". The Washington Times. December 27, 2006. ^ "Add another DA to the sorry list". The Star-News. December 21, 2006. , ^ "North Carolina's out-of-control DA". Rocky Mountain News. January 3, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30 . Retrieved 2007-07-25 . ^ Biesecker, Michael; Niolet, Benjamin; Neff, Joseph (April 22, 2006). "DA on the spot for comments". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on December 9, 2006. ^ a b Niolet, Benjamin (April 20, 2006). "Spotlight is new place for Nifong". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on September 20, 2007. ^ "Duke suspends lacrosse team from play amid rape allegations". USA Today. March 28, 2006. ^ "Attorneys infuriated by DA's remarks". Herald Sun. July 18, 2006. ^ "Duke lacrosse rape prosecutor says he hasn't discussed the case with accuser". Associated Press. October 27, 2006. ^ "DA's critics ask bar, feds to intervene". The News & Observer. December 3, 2006. Archived from the original on December 22, 2006. ^ "Inquiry of Nifong eyed over lacrosse". Durham Herald-Sun. December 12, 2006. ^ "Nifong Probe Possible, U.S. Attorney General Says". WRAL.com. December 17, 2006. ^ Neff, Joseph (March 14, 2007). "Quest to convict hid a lack of evidence". The News and Observer. Archived from the original on April 17, 2007 . Retrieved April 14, 2007 . ^ "Paternity Test Ordered in Duke Lacrosse Rape Case". WRAL.com. December 15, 2006. ^ "Lab director withheld DNA information". The Chronicle. December 15, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2015 . Retrieved November 25, 2013 . ^ a b Kristof, Nicholas (June 11, 2006). "Jocks and Prejudice". The New York Times. ^ Brooks, David (May 28, 2006). "The Duke Witch Hunt". The New York Times. ^ "66th Annual Peabody Awards Winners Announced" (Press release). Peabody Award. April 4, 2007. CBS` "60 Minutes" won for "The Duke Rape Case", an Ed Bradley-led investigation of rape allegations against Duke University lacrosse players that stood widespread assumptions '' and the prosecution's case '' on their heads. ^ Taylor Jr., Stuart (August 28, 2006). "Witness for the Prosecution?". Slate. ^ Shafer, Jack (April 20, 2006). "Trial By Newspaper". Slate. ^ "Pressure on Nifong in Duke case: Misstatements may cost him his career". The News & Observer. December 24, 2006. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. ^ Sowell, Thomas (January 2, 2007). "The real issue at Duke, Part I". Townhall.com. ^ Sowell, Thomas (January 3, 2007). "The real issue at Duke, Part II". Townhall.com. ^ "Judge allows Duke lacrosse lawsuit to go forward". Fox News. Associated Press. March 31, 2011. ^ "N.C. bar files ethics charges against Duke lacrosse prosecutor". Associated Press. December 28, 2006. ^ "State Bar Files Ethics Complaint Against Mike Nifong". WRAL.com. December 28, 2006. ^ Findlaw.com Archived May 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Digital image of thirty-three page Amended Complaint, as filed. ^ "N.C. state bar files more ethics charges against Duke lacrosse prosecutor". Associated Press. January 24, 2007. ^ North Carolina State Bar (March 19, 2007). "Brief in Opposition To Motion To Dismiss" (PDF) . The News & Observer. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. ^ "State Bar Says Nifong Skirted System in Handling of Duke Lacrosse Case". WRAL.com. March 20, 2007. ^ "Duke Prosecutor Goes on Trial for Misconduct". ABC News. ^ "Prosecutor of Duke lacrosse players resigns in disgrace". International Herald Tribune. ^ a b c "Judge Suspends Resigned Nifong From DA's Office". WRAL.com. June 18, 2007. ^ a b "Mike Nifong profile" (PDF) . North Carolina State Bar. June 16, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. ^ Adcock, Sylvia (June 17, 2007). "Prosecutor in Duke Case Gives Up His Law License". The Washington Post . Retrieved May 12, 2010 . ^ Graham, David (June 16, 2007). "State Bar finds Nifong guilty on 27 counts of misconduct". The Duke Chronicle. ^ a b Benjamin, Niolet; Blythe, Anne (June 18, 2007). "Gov. Easley Talks About Nifong Resignation". The News and Observer . Retrieved June 18, 2007 . ^ "Nifong will be disbarred for ethics violations". MSNBC. Associated Press. June 18, 2007. Archived from the original on June 16, 2007 . Retrieved November 5, 2007 . ^ Parker, Laura (June 19, 2007). "Disbarment may not be end for Nifong". USA Today . Retrieved October 26, 2007 . ^ "Suspension order" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-20. (447 KiB) ^ "§ 7A-66". www.ncleg.net. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. ^ Blythe, Anne; Neff, Joseph (June 19, 2007). "Durham judge suspends Nifong". The News and Observer. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. ^ Senate Bill 118-Third Edition Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ncleg.net; accessed November 21, 2014. ^ Jim Hardin Named To Replace Mike Nifong Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, wxii12.com; accessed November 21, 2014. ^ North Carolina General Assembly '' Senate Bill 118 Information/History (2007''08 Session) Archived June 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine; accessed November 21, 2014. ^ "Hardin takes office as Durham DA". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. ^ "Nifong: Hearing set for Thursday". USA Today. June 25, 2007 . Retrieved May 12, 2010 . ^ "Updated: Cline Removed from Office". The News & Observer. February 29, 2012. ^ Tracey Cline law license suspended Archived June 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, newsobserver.com; accessed May 30, 2016. ^ Blythe, Anne; Neff, Joseph (June 22, 2007). "Contempt accusations loom". The News and Observer . Retrieved June 27, 2007 . [dead link ] ^ "Nifong admits 'no credible evidence' in Duke lacrosse case". ESPN. ^ "Nifong: The Dog Ate My Law License". The Smoking Gun. August 15, 2007. ^ Dewan, Shaila (September 8, 2007). "Duke Prosecutor Jailed; Students Seek Settlement". The New York Times . Retrieved October 26, 2007 . ^ "Copy of lawsuit" (PDF) . The News & Observer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. ^ Meadows, Susannah (April 6, 2014). "Telling Victim From Villain at Duke; 'The Price of Silence' Replays a Wrenching Campus Episode". The New York Times . Retrieved December 20, 2016 . ...[Nifong's] campaign manager later quoted him as having said that the case would be worth "a million dollars of free advertisements." ^ Zenovich, Marina. "Fantastic Lies". 30 for 30. Season 3. Episode 7. Event occurs at 1:11:56. ESPN. I said to [Nifong], do you have any idea what you're doing? You have no idea what impact this is going to have for or against your campaign. And [Nifong] just kind of smiled back at me and he said, "Yeah but it's worth a million bucks in your advertisement." ^ "State Won't Defend Nifong in Lacrosse Players' Suit". WRAL.com. ^ "Mike Nifong Bankrupt". The Smoking Gun . Retrieved January 16, 2008 . ^ "Mike Nifong Files for Bankruptcy". WRAL.com. ^ "Players still after Nifong's assets". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008 . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . ^ "Nifong files for bankruptcy; city replies to suit". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 2008-10-10. ^ "Duke Lacrosse Players File Federal Lawsuit Against University, City of Durham". Fox News. February 21, 2008. ^ "Judge: Duke lacrosse players can pursue lawsuit". Fox News. May 28, 2008. ^ "N.C. judge overturns Darryl Howard conviction, finds prosecutor misconduct by Mike Nifong" Archived August 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, May 27, 2014; accessed May 2, 2016. ^ Zenovich, Marina. "Fantastic Lies". 30 for 30. Season 3. Episode 7. Event occurs at 1:39:47. ESPN. In 2014, a man imprisoned for murder for 20 years was granted a new trial based on evidence withheld by Nifong. ^ Blythe, Anne (August 31, 2016). "Judge vacates murder convictions against Darryl Howard, Durham DA will not appeal". The News & Observer. Durham . Retrieved December 20, 2016 . ^ https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/It_s_Not_About_the_Truth/9BSRzJykNaoC ^ "About Your District Attorney". April 23, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-04-23. External links [ edit ] News & Observer: Copy of Superior Court Judge Orlando Hudson's order suspending Mike Nifong (PDF)Copy of disbarment orderNews about Michael B. Nifong, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times
  • Grant Hill - Wikipedia
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    • American basketball player
    • Grant HillPositionVice Chair of the BoardLeagueNBABorn ( 1972-10-05 ) October 5, 1972 (age 49) Dallas, TexasNationalityAmericanListed height6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)Listed weight225 lb (102 kg)High schoolSouth Lakes(Reston, Virginia)CollegeDuke (1990''1994)NBA draft1994 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3rd overallSelected by the Detroit PistonsPlaying career1994''2013PositionSmall forwardNumber331994''2000Detroit Pistons2000''2007Orlando Magic2007''2012Phoenix Suns2012''2013Los Angeles Clippers7— NBA All-Star (1995''1998, 2000, 2001, 2005)All-NBA First Team (1997)4— All-NBA Second Team (1996, 1998''2000)NBA Co-Rookie of the Year (1995)NBA All-Rookie First Team (1995)3— NBA Sportsmanship Award (2005, 2008, 2010)IBM Award (1997)2— NCAA champion (1991, 1992)Consensus first-team All-American (1994)Consensus second-team All-American (1993)NABC Defensive Player of the Year (1993)ACC Player of the Year (1994)2— First-team All-ACC (1993, 1994)Second-team All-ACC (1992)No. 33 retired by Duke Blue DevilsThird-team Parade All-American (1990)McDonald's All-American (1990)Virginia Mr. Basketball (1990)Points17,137 (16.7 ppg)Rebounds6,169 (6.0 rpg)Assists4,252 (4.1 apg) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Basketball Hall of Fame as playerCollege Basketball Hall of FameInducted in 2014Grant Henry Hill (born October 5, 1972) is an American former professional basketball player who is a co-owner and executive of the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He attended Duke University and is widely considered one of its greatest players. After playing college basketball for four years, Hill played in the NBA for four teams in his professional career: the Detroit Pistons, the Orlando Magic, the Phoenix Suns, and the Los Angeles Clippers. For most of his career, he played the small forward position. Hill also co-hosts NBA Inside Stuff on NBA TV.
    • Hill played basketball for the Duke Blue Devils for four years. He was the 1994 ACC Player of the Year, a two-time NCAA All-American, and a two-time NCAA champion. Hill was touted as one of the best players in Duke history and as one of the greatest college basketball players of his era.
    • After graduating from Duke in 1994, Hill was selected by the Detroit Pistons with the third overall pick in the NBA draft. He was the co-winner of the 1995 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. Early in his NBA career, Hill was widely considered to be one of the best all-around players in the game, often leading his team in points, rebounds and assists. In his first six seasons in the NBA, Hill averaged 21.6 points, 7.9 rebounds, and 6.3 assists per game and made the Eastern Conference All-Star Team five times. However, the trajectory of his career was altered by a 2000 ankle injury. The injury continued to plague him for several years, led to a March 2003 surgery that was followed by life-threatening complications, and forced him to miss the entire 2003''04 season. In 2005, Hill made the Eastern Conference All-Star Team as a member of the Magic. He played in the Western Conference Finals in 2010 during his tenure with the Phoenix Suns. In the 12 seasons following his ankle injury, Hill averaged 13.1 points, 4.7 rebounds, and 2.6 assists per game. On June 1, 2013, Hill announced his retirement from the NBA. He is a seven-time NBA All-Star, a five-time All-NBA selection, and a three-time winner of the NBA Sportsmanship Award. In 2018, he was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.
    • An ownership group including Hill and Tony Ressler purchased the Atlanta Hawks on June 24, 2015.
    • College career [ edit ] When the time came to choose a college, Hill's mother told the Fox Sports documentary Beyond the Glory, that she wanted him to attend Georgetown, while his father preferred the University of North Carolina.[1] Hill decided to attend Duke University, playing four years with the Blue Devils and winning national titles in 1991 and 1992. Duke became the first Division I program to win consecutive titles since UCLA in 1966''73. Despite losing two of the biggest contributors on the Blue Devils, Christian Laettner (in 1992) and Bobby Hurley (each of whom went on to play in the NBA), Hill led Duke to the championship game once again in 1994, but lost to the Arkansas Razorbacks.[2] Hill won the Henry Iba Corinthian Award as the nation's top defensive player in 1993, and in 1994 he was the ACC Player of the Year.[3] During his collegiate career, Hill became the first player in ACC history to collect more than 1,900 points, 700 rebounds, 400 assists, 200 steals, and 100 blocked shots. As a result of his successful college career, he became the eighth player in Duke history to have his jersey number (33) retired. After his freshman season at Duke, Hill played on the bronze medal-winning U.S. team at the 1991 Pan American Games, held in Havana, Cuba.[4]
    • Hill also is widely known for his role in the Hail Mary play in the NCAA tournament regional final against Kentucky in 1992, which is considered by many to be one of the greatest college basketball games of all time. With Duke down 103''102 in overtime and 2.1 seconds remaining after Kentucky's Sean Woods hit a floater, an unguarded Hill heaved the inbounds pass 75 feet across the court into the hands of Laettner, who dribbled once and spun before pulling up to make the game-winning jumper from just outside the free-throw line as time expired. Hill later produced a film, Duke 91 & 92: Back to Back about the team's consecutive wins and this game-winning play.[5] In 2016, Hill was inducted into the Duke Sports Hall of Fame[6]
    • Touted as one of the best players in Duke history, many went as far as to say that Hill was one of the greatest college basketball players of his era.[7] In 2002, Hill was named to the ACC 50th Anniversary men's basketball team honoring the fifty greatest players in ACC History.[8]
    • Professional career [ edit ] Detroit Pistons (1994''2000) [ edit ] Hill was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the third pick in the NBA draft after graduating from Duke in 1994.[9] He generally played the small forward position during his NBA career.[10] In his first season, he averaged 19.9 points, 6.4 rebounds, 5.0 assists and 1.77 steals per game, and became the first Pistons rookie since Isiah Thomas in 1981''82 to score 1,000 points. Hill ended up sharing NBA Rookie of the Year Award honors with Jason Kidd of the Dallas Mavericks, becoming the first Piston since Dave Bing in 1966''67 to win the award. Hill also won the Sporting News Rookie of the Year Award.[11] He was named to the all-NBA First Team in 1997, and All-NBA Second Teams in 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Hill also regularly played in the NBA All-Star Game, where he made history by being the first rookie to lead an NBA All-Star fan balloting in (1994''95) with 1,289,585 votes,[12] narrowly defeating Shaquille O'Neal. Also, he became the first rookie in any of the four major professional sports leagues to lead all-star fan voting.
    • In his second season (1995''96), he once again led the All-Star fan balloting, this time edging Michael Jordan (Jordan's first All-Star game after returning since retiring in 1993). During the 1995''96 season, Hill showcased his all-round abilities by leading the NBA in triple-doubles (10). He also won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, where he had the team's fifth-highest scoring average (9.7) and led the team in steals (18).[13] In 1996''97 season, Hill averaged 21.4 points, 9.0 rebounds, 7.3 assists, and 1.8 steals per game. He became the first player since Larry Bird in 1989''90 to average 20 points, 9 rebounds and 7 assists in a season, an accomplishment that had not been duplicated until Russell Westbrook averaged a triple-double in the 2016''17 NBA season. Once again, Hill led the league in triple-doubles, where his 13 triple-doubles represented 35 percent of the league's triple-double total that season. He was the league's Player of the Month for January and was also awarded NBA's IBM Award, given to the player with the biggest statistical contributions to his team. He finished third in MVP voting, behind Karl Malone and Michael Jordan.
    • Much like Scottie Pippen with the Bulls, Hill assumed the role of a "point forward" in Detroit, running the Pistons' offense. As a result, between the 1995''96 and 1998''99 NBA seasons, Hill was the league leader in assists per game among non-guards all four seasons. In the lockout-shortened 1999 season, as he led his team in points, rebounds and assists for the third time, Hill joined Wilt Chamberlain and Elgin Baylor as the only players in NBA history to lead their teams in scoring, rebounding and assists more than once. Hill and Chamberlain are the only two players in league history to lead their teams in points, rebounds, and assists per game three times. Hill was selected to play in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, but in the end, no NBA players played in this tournament due to the lockout.
    • In the 1999''2000 season, Hill averaged 25.8 points while shooting 49% from the field, the season's third-highest scoring average, behind MVP Shaquille O'Neal and Allen Iverson. He averaged 6.6 rebounds and 5.2 assists per game. However, despite Hill's accomplishments in Detroit, the Pistons never made it far in the playoffs, either losing in the first round (1996, 1997 and 1999), or missing the playoffs entirely in the 1994''95 and 1997''98 seasons. The 2000 playoffs would be no different. On April 15, 2000, 7 days before the start of the playoffs, Hill sprained his left ankle in a game against the Philadelphia 76ers. He continued to play until the first-round playoff series against the Miami Heat, in which his injured ankle got worse, and Hill was forced to leave halfway through game 2. Eventually, the Heat swept the Pistons, 3''0. Hill was initially selected for the 2000 Olympics U.S. team, but could not play due to the ankle injury. That ankle injury would prove to be a major liability for many years to come.[14]
    • After the first six seasons of his career, before the ankle injury, Hill had amassed a total of 9,393 points, 3,417 rebounds, and 2,720 assists. Oscar Robertson, Bird, and LeBron James are the only three players in league history to eclipse these numbers after their first six seasons.
    • Orlando Magic (2000''2007) [ edit ] As an unrestricted free agent, Hill had planned to sign with the Orlando Magic. On August 3, 2000, however, a sign-and-trade deal allowed Hill to receive a slightly more lucrative contract while Detroit received at least some compensation for losing him. The Pistons signed Hill to a seven-year, $92.8 million contract and traded him to Orlando for Chucky Atkins and Ben Wallace.[15] The Magic hoped he would team up with budding superstar Tracy McGrady, who had been signed away from the Toronto Raptors at that time, to return Orlando among the NBA elite. But Hill was hampered by ankle injuries, playing in only four games in his first season with the Magic, 14 games in his second and 29 in his third. He was forced to sit out his entire fourth year with Orlando (2003''04). Meanwhile, the Pistons, who had defeated the Magic in the 2003 Playoffs, but ended up losing to the New Jersey Nets in the Eastern Conference Finals, won the championship the following year in 2004.
    • In March 2003, Hill underwent a major surgical procedure in which doctors re-fractured his ankle and realigned it with his leg bone. Five days after the surgery was performed, Hill developed a 104.5 °F (40.3 °C) fever and convulsions and was rushed to a hospital. Doctors removed the splint around his ankle and discovered that Hill had contracted a potentially fatal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. He was hospitalized for a week and had to take intravenous antibiotics for six months.
    • In the 2004''05 season Hill, though hampered by a bruised left shin that caused him to miss several games, started and played 67 games for the Magic. He was named the Eastern Conference player of the week for the week between November 15''21, 2004. Over the season, Hill averaged 19.7 points per game on a .509 field goal percentage. Fans voted him an All-Star starter again, and he led the Eastern Conference All-Star Team to a victory over the West. Also, after the season, Hill was awarded the Joe Dumars Trophy presented to the NBA Sportsmanship Award Winner.
    • During the 2005''06 season Hill was once again injured frequently as nagging groin injuries kept him sidelined for much of the first half of the season, limiting him to 21 games. He got a sports hernia that was caused by uneven pressure on Hill's feet while he was running, due to concerns that he could re-aggravate the injury on his left ankle if it got too much pressure. Hill underwent surgery for the hernia and stated that he would consider retirement if he had to get another surgery.
    • In the 2006''07 season Hill returned from injuries despite numerous rumors surrounding his retirement. Hill received ankle rotation therapy from specialists in Vancouver, British Columbia, during the off-season, and stated that he had regained much motion in his left ankle. Hill returned to the Magic lineup, starting at the shooting guard position. Despite having problems with injuries to his left knee and a tendon in his left ankle, Hill managed to play 65 games, two short of the highest number of games he played over a single season as a member of the Magic. He finished the season with averages of 14.4 points, 3.6 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game. This season would see Hill return to the playoffs for the first time since 2000, his first playoff appearance with the Magic. The 8th seed Magic would meet Hill's old team, the Detroit Pistons, in the first round. The Pistons' vast playoff experience would prevail over the inexperienced Magic, who had not seen significant post-season action for some years, and despite having some close games, the series would end with a 4''0 Pistons sweep, leaving Hill undecided on whether to return for the 2007''08 season with the Magic, sign with another team or retire.[16]
    • Phoenix Suns (2007''2012) [ edit ] Hill with the Phoenix Suns in 2009
    • Hill became an unrestricted free agent on July 1, 2007. On July 5 Hill's agent, Lon Babby, said Hill intended to sign with the Phoenix Suns on July 11 (the first day free agents can officially sign contracts).[17] Hill earned $1.83 million for 2007''08 with a $1.97 million player option for the next year. Hill was named captain along with Steve Nash. Hill was permitted by Suns Ring of Honor member, Alvan Adams, to wear his familiar No. 33 with the Suns. Hill adapted well to the Suns' up-tempo style, averaging double figures in points as a key role player for Phoenix in the early months of the 2007''08 season. He played in the team's first 34 games before an emergency appendectomy on January 9, 2008, sidelined him for two weeks. Despite being bothered by multiple injuries throughout the season, Hill had his first 70-game season since leaving Detroit, averaging 13.1 ppg, 5.0 rpg, and 2.9 apg in the process.
    • Playing for the Phoenix Suns in the 2008''2009 season, Hill appeared in all 82 games for the first time in his career and averaged 12.0 ppg, 4.90 rpg, and 2.3 apg, scoring 27 points and 10 rebounds in the Suns' season finale.
    • On July 10, 2009, the Associated Press reported that Hill decided to re-sign with the Phoenix Suns for a 2-year deal, despite an offer from the New York Knicks for the full mid-level exception and the Boston Celtics offering Hill the bi-annual exception.[18] The first year of the contract is believed to be worth around $3 million with the second year at Hill's option.
    • In 2010 the Phoenix Suns advanced to the Western Conference Semifinals, marking Hill's first playoff series victory, and making him the first NBA player in history to win his first playoff series after 15 years in the league.[citation needed ] After sweeping the San Antonio Spurs 4''0, the Suns then moved to the Western Conference Finals to face the Los Angeles Lakers, but lost in six games (4-2).
    • In 2010, he was chosen as the tenth-smartest athlete in sports by Sporting News.[19][20]
    • On June 8 Hill exercised his option for the 2010''11 season.[21] The Suns underwent two major roster changes in 2010''11. During the pre-season teammate Amar'e Stoudemire left for New York while Hedo T¼rkoğlu, Josh Childress and Hakim Warrick joined the Suns; within a year they also were traded for three other players. Hill became one of seven all-time NBA players to average 13 or more points at 38 years of age or older. On January 15, 2011, Hill passed the 16,000 career points milestone in a win over the Portland Trail Blazers.[22]
    • On December 9, 2011, Hill decided to stay with the Phoenix Suns for one year, accepting a $6.5 million contract.[23] By the end of the 2011''12 season, Hill had reached 17,000 career points, ending the season 78th on the all-time NBA scoring list (82nd NBA/ABA), 79th in career assists (83rd), and 66th in career steals (71st).
    • Los Angeles Clippers (2012''2013) [ edit ] Hill with the Clippers in 2013
    • After his contract with the Suns expired, Hill was pursued by multiple contenders, including the Los Angeles Lakers, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, Portland Trail Blazers, and the Oklahoma City Thunder. On July 18, 2012, Hill signed a contract with the Clippers.[24] Hill suffered a bruised bone in his right knee in the preseason which kept him out for three months. He then made his debut with the Clippers on January 12, 2013, against the Orlando Magic. During the 2012''13 season, he played only 29 games, averaging 3.2 ppg and 1.7 rpg in 15.1 mpg. The Clippers finished 56-26, fourth-best in the Western Conference, and won the Pacific Division for the first time in franchise history. However, the Clippers fell to the Memphis Grizzlies in a six-game series in the first round.[citation needed ]
    • Retirement (2013) [ edit ] On June 1, 2013, Hill announced his retirement from professional basketball after 19 seasons in the NBA.[25][26]
    • On September 7, 2018, Hill was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.[27]
    • Post-NBA career [ edit ] Beginning in 2013, Hill has hosted NBA Inside Stuff on NBA TV.[28][29] He is also a sports broadcaster for CBS.[30] In 2015, Hill was named to the lead announcing team for CBS and Turner Sports' joint coverage of the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament, alongside March Madness stalwarts Jim Nantz and Bill Raftery.[31][30]
    • On June 24, 2015, a deal was approved by the NBA Board of Governors to sell the Atlanta Hawks franchise for $850 million to a group led by Tony Ressler. Hill was a member of that group, and he thus became a co-owner of the team.[32][33][34][35]
    • Sponsorships and paid endorsements [ edit ] In the 1990s, one of the soft drink Sprite's longest-running advertising campaigns was "Grant Hill Drinks Sprite" (overlapping its "Obey Your Thirst" campaign), in which Hill's abilities, and Sprite's importance in giving him his abilities, were humorously exaggerated.[36]Hill was a spokesperson for McDonald's restaurant, watchmaker TAG Heuer and sportswear companies Fila, and later Adidas and Nike.[37]As of 2014, Hill has also appeared in ads for AT&T and Microsoft along with his wife Tamia.[38]In television and film [ edit ] In 1995, Hill appeared in an episode of the FOX sitcom Living Single. In the episode, Hill (portraying himself) has a whirlwind romance with magazine owner/publisher Khadijah James (Queen Latifah).[citation needed ]In 1998, he was in an episode of Home Improvement on the show inside a show Tool Time.[citation needed ]Hill is featured in the video of the song "Rockstar" by Nickelback.[citation needed ]Hill presented an award at the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards with talk show host Ricki Lake.[citation needed ]The March 13, 2011 airing of the ESPN films 30 for 30 documentary The Fab Five sparked controversy, leading up to a series of media exchanges between members of the press and NCAA players in forums such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post.[39][40][41][42][43][44]Personal life and family [ edit ] Hill is the son of former NFL football player Calvin Hill and his wife, Janet Hill.[45] He was born in Dallas, Texas and raised in the Washington, DC area.[46]
    • Grant dated actress Jada Pinkett Smith while he attended Duke University.[47][48]
    • In Detroit, Michigan, Hill was introduced to Canadian singer Tamia by Anita Baker. Hill and Tamia married on July 24, 1999. Their daughter, Myla Grace Hill, was born on January 23, 2002. On August 9, 2007, Tamia gave birth to their second daughter, Lael Rose Hill.[citation needed ] The family resides in Windermere, Florida.[49]
    • In 1999, Hill received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[50]
    • After his wife contracted a life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in 2003,[51] Hill became an advocate for the awareness and prevention of MRSA and has appeared in public service announcements for Stop MRSA Now!, a non-profit organization.[52][better source needed ]
    • Hill earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University with a double major in history and political science.[53]
    • Charitable activities [ edit ] Hill had been a Vice-Chairman for the Board of Directors of the Special Olympic World Summer Games in 1999 which were held in Durham, Raleigh and Chapel Hill, North Carolina.[54][better source needed ]Grant Hill, his mother Janet Hill and grandmother Vivian McDonald established a scholarship at the Dillard University in New Orleans. This scholarship is in memory of Hill's grandfather, who supported this University consistently.[54][better source needed ]Hill was featured on a poster "READ" that supported libraries, literacy, and advocated reading.[54][better source needed ]Hill contributed to the day care center established by his father, Calvin Hill, in New Haven, Connecticut in 1972, by donating funds. This daycare center was established after Calvin graduated from Yale University and the goal was helping children and families in the local community.[54][better source needed ]Hill funded an organization in his hometown of Reston, Virginia, that helps needy students of any age pursue education.[54][better source needed ]Other interests [ edit ] Hill owns a substantial collection of African-American art, centering on the work of Romare Bearden and Elizabeth Catlett.[55] A selection of 46 works from the collection was featured in a touring exhibition at several American museums from 2003 to 2006. The exhibition was last shown at the Nasher Museum of Art at Hill's alma mater, Duke University.[56][57]Hill has established ties with the Democratic Party. On the night Hill was drafted in the NBA, he received a congratulatory phone call from U.S. President Bill Clinton. Hill publicly supported John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign and Barack Obama's 2008 and 2012 presidential bids.[58][59]NBA career statistics [ edit ] Regular season [ edit ] Playoffs [ edit ] YearTeamGPGSMPGFG%3P%FT%RPGAPGSPGBPGPPG1996Detroit3338.3.564.500.8577.33.71.0.019.01997Detroit5540.6.437.000.7186.85.4.81.023.61999Detroit5535.2.457.000.8137.27.42.0.419.42000Detroit2227.5.375.500.9005.54.5.5.011.02007Orlando4435.8.500.000.6675.53.8.5.315.02008Phoenix3222.7.455.0001.0005.31.0.7.33.72010Phoenix161628.3.480.188.8685.82.3.8.69.62013L.A. Clippers1020.0.500.000.0004.02.0.0.04.0Career393731.6.469.238.7816.13.6.9.513.4See also [ edit ] List of oldest and youngest National Basketball Association playersReferences [ edit ] ^ "Hill Scorned Georgetown for Duke after recruiting offense". Greensboro News & Record. December 16, 1994 . Retrieved January 25, 2015 . ^ Wojciechowski, Gene (April 5, 1994). "The Razorbacks finish on top after a dramatic seesaw battle with Duke for the NCAA championship". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 22, 2021 . ^ Welborn, John (March 14, 1994). "Duke's Hill named ACC Player of the Year". Greensboro News & Record . Retrieved June 22, 2021 . ^ "U.S. Calls on Reserves for PAN AM Games". The Washington Post. August 19, 1991 . Retrieved June 22, 2021 . ^ "25th Anniversary: Duke Wins 1992 National Title". Duke University . Retrieved October 14, 2020 . ^ "Duke Sports Hall of Fame '' Grant Hill". GoDuke.com. Duke Blue Devils . Retrieved June 16, 2021 . ^ Brodess, Doug (October 24, 2011). "Duke Basketball: Top 10 Blue Devils of All Time". Bleacher Report. Retrieved March 28, 2016. ^ "ACC 50th Anniversary Men's Basketball Team". TheACC.com. Atlantic Coast Conference. November 7, 2008 . Retrieved June 16, 2021 . ^ "1994 NBA Draft". Basketball-Reference.Com . Retrieved August 7, 2014 . ^ Sibor, Doug (August 14, 2013). "The 25 Most Versatile Players in NBA History". Complex.com . Retrieved November 25, 2019 . ^ "NBA Rookie of the Year Award Winners". NBA.com . Retrieved April 30, 2021 . ^ "Hill's record 1,289,585 votes will go down in all-star history. (Originated from Knight-Ridder Newspapers)". Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. January 26, 1995. ^ Schmuck, Peter (August 4, 1996). "Dream Team completes its mission in 95-69 final Up only five at half, American all-stars surge late to trounce Yugoslavs; ATLANTA OLYMPICS". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved August 29, 2021 . ^ "Grant Hill: Ankle Nightmare Would Have Been Avoided With Knicks". March 17, 2014. ^ "Magic's Strength No Illusion". CBS News. August 3, 2000 . Retrieved April 1, 2018 . ^ Beset by injuries in career, Hill considers retirement, updated April 28, 2007, ^ Hill to sign with Phoenix after agreeing to two-year deal July 5, 2007, ^ Aldridge, David. "Loyalty to Suns keeps Hill in Phoenix" Archived July 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, NBA.com, July 10, 2009. ^ "SN names the 20 smartest athletes in sports". Sporting News. September 27, 2010. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. ^ "SN names the 20 smartest athletes in sports '' MLB". Sporting News. September 23, 2010. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013 . Retrieved June 3, 2013 . ^ Schwartz, Michael (June 8, 2010). "Grant Hill swiftly exercises option, sends message about keeping team together". valleyofthesuns.com. ^ "Hill Eclipses 16,000 career points in Sun's Victory over Blazers". NBA.com. January 14, 2011 . Retrieved June 22, 2021 . ^ Grant Hill staying with Phoenix Suns ^ "CLIPPERS SIGN SEVEN-TIME ALL-STAR GRANT HILL". NBA.com. July 18, 2012 . Retrieved July 18, 2012 . [permanent dead link ] ^ "Grant Hill retires from NBA basketball :InsideHoops". www.insidehoops.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 . Retrieved June 2, 2013 . ^ "Grant Hill retires from NBA after 19 seasons". ^ "2018 Basketball Hall of Fame induction ceremony: Grant Hill thanks Coach K; Jason Kidd jokes with Dirk". CBSSports.com. ^ Lepore, Steve (September 24, 2013). " ' NBA Inside Stuff' is back". SBNation.com. ^ "Where Are They Now: 27 Years After Christian Laettner Made the [sic] "The Shot " ". March 28, 2019. ^ a b "How Grant Hill went from having 'no clue' about broadcasting to calling the Final Four". sports.yahoo.com. ^ Chip Patterson (February 3, 2015). "2015 Final Four: Bill Raftery, Grant Hill picked as game analysts". CBS Sports . Retrieved March 11, 2015 . ^ Cornish, Stephanie (April 25, 2015). "Grant Hill Among New Owners of Atlanta Hawks - Afro". ^ "Atlanta Hawks Sold to Ares' Ressler for $850 million, Group Includes Sara Blakely and Grant Hill". Atlanta Business Chronicle. April 24, 2015 . Retrieved January 27, 2016 . ^ Cohen, Ben (April 22, 2015). "Atlanta Hawks Selling for $850 Million". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved February 9, 2016 . ^ "Atlanta Hawks Co-Owner Hill Says Arena is Geared Towards the Digital Experience". Bloomberg. February 15, 2019 . Retrieved July 12, 2021 . ^ A Better Basketball Player? Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, AdvertisementAve.com ^ Depaula, Nick (October 24, 2018). "Grant Hill Inks lifetime deal with Fila to revive retro sneaker line". ESPN.com . Retrieved June 22, 2021 . ^ "Tamia & Grant Hill in New AT&T Commercial". Chris Smith Management / 21 Entertainment Group. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014 . Retrieved May 21, 2014 . ^ "The Fab Five: Hating Duke". ESPN. March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011 . Retrieved March 18, 2011 . ^ Reid, Jason (March 13, 2011). "Jalen Rose's comments on race in ESPN documentary are misguided". The Washington Post . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . ^ Hill, Grant (March 16, 2011). "Grant Hill's Response to Jalen Rose". The New York Times . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . ^ Everson, Darren (March 16, 2011). "Fab Five Member Responds to Hill". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved March 18, 2011 . ^ "Hill Takes Issue In Fab Five Flap". MSNBC. March 16, 2011 . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . [dead link ] ^ "Hill Takes Issue In Fab Five Flap". Forbes. March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011 . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . ^ Spears, Marc J. (September 7, 2018). "Grant Hill: 'I was fortunate, but that didn't necessarily help in the basketball world ' ". ^ "Hot Air: When ex-Cowboy Calvin Hill was 'unprepared' for birth of son Grant, Roger Staubach came through again". Dallas News. April 3, 2015. ^ Almond, Elliott (March 16, 1993). "A Head Start on Maturity: Duke's Grant Hill Got an Early View of Life's Diversity". Los Angeles Times. ^ Telling, Gillian (December 20, 2018). "Jada Pinkett Smith Reveals Former NBA Star Grant Hill Was the First Boyfriend She Brought Home". PEOPLE.com . Retrieved March 6, 2021 . ^ Shanklin, Mary (December 23, 2016). "Disney reshaped mansion landscape for Orlando". Orlando Sentinel. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. ^ Grant Hill at Stop MRSA Now! ^ "Stop MRSA Now!". www.stopmrsanow.org. ^ Eilerson, Nick (June 28, 2013). "Grant Hill pursues life beyond basketball Former South Lakes High star reflects back on roots in Reston". Fairfax Times. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013 . Retrieved November 22, 2019 . ^ a b c d e Giving Back to the Community at Hill's official website ^ Broussard, Chris (December 6, 2003). "Inside the NBA: Now It's Artest's Opponents Who Need Anger Management". The New York Times . Retrieved October 28, 2020 . ^ "Something All Our Own: The Grant Hill Collection of African American Art". Nasher Museum, Duke University . Retrieved October 28, 2020 . ^ Waggoner, Martha (March 26, 2006). "NBA star Grant Hill's art collection on exhibit". Ocala Star-Banner. AP . Retrieved October 28, 2020 . ^ Rhoden, William C. (November 5, 2008). "Joe Louis Moment". The New York Times . Retrieved October 28, 2020 . ^ Chase, Chris (November 5, 2012). "List: NBA players and coaches exclusively donate to Barack Obama's campaign". USA Today . Retrieved October 28, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grant Hill .Career statistics and player information from NBA.com and Basketball-Reference.comGrantHill.com '' Official SiteGrant Hill YouTube Highlights ChannelInterview with Michael Tillery of The Starting FiveBerri; Schmidt, Martin B.; Brook, Stacey L.; et al. (February 2004). "Stars at the Gate: The Impact of Star Power on NBA Gate Revenues" (PDF) . Journal of Sports Economics. 3 (1): 33''50. doi:10.1177/1527002503254051. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2007. Links to related articles
  • Christian Laettner - Wikipedia
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    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 04:29
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    • American basketball player
    • Christian LaettnerLaettner in 2014
    • Born ( 1969-08-17 ) August 17, 1969 (age 52) Angola, New YorkNationalityAmericanListed height6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)Listed weight235 lb (107 kg)High school Nichols School (Buffalo, New York) CollegeDuke (1988''1992)NBA draft1992 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3rd overallSelected by the Minnesota TimberwolvesPlaying career1992''2005, 2011''2012PositionPower forward / CenterNumber32, 441992''1996Minnesota Timberwolves1996''1999Atlanta Hawks1999''2000Detroit Pistons2000''2001Dallas Mavericks2001''2004Washington Wizards2004''2005Miami Heat2011''2012Jacksonville Giants2012Fort Wayne Mad Ants (assistant)NBA All-Star (1997)NBA All-Rookie First Team (1993)2— NCAA champion (1991, 1992)NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player (1991)Consensus National College Player of the Year (1992)Consensus first-team All-American (1992)Consensus second-team All-American (1991)ACC Player of the Year (1992)2— ACC Athlete of the Year (1991, 1992)2— First-team All-ACC (1991, 1992)Second-team All-ACC (1990)No. 32 retired by Duke Blue DevilsUSA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year (1991)Second-team Parade All-American (1988)Third-team Parade All-American (1987)Points11,121 (12.8 ppg)Rebounds5,806 (6.7 rpg)Assists2,224 (2.6 apg) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com College Basketball Hall of FameInducted in 2010Christian Donald Laettner (, LAYT -nÉr; born August 17, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player. His college career for the Duke Blue Devils is widely regarded as one of the best in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) history.[a] He was the star player on the back-to-back Duke National Championship teams of 1991 and 1992, and the NCAA player of the year in his senior year.[2] He is particularly famous for his game-winning shot against Kentucky in the 1992 tournament and for the hatred he received from opposing fans.
    • Laettner was the only collegian selected for the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team, dubbed the "Dream Team", that won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. As a member of the "Dream Team", Laettner is enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, and FIBA Hall of Fame, while he is enshrined for his individual career in the College Basketball Hall of Fame. He was drafted third overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves, then played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for six teams, being named as an All-Star in 1997.
    • Early life [ edit ] Christian Laettner was born and raised in Angola, New York (near Buffalo and Niagara Falls) to a blue-collar Roman Catholic family.[3] His father George, a newspaper press plant printer, was of Polish descent and his grandparents spoke Polish as their first language; his mother Bonnie was a teacher. Christian's older brother Christopher was a strong influence, often bullying young Christian, which helped instill a stern competitive drive.[4] Both boys also frequently worked as farm laborers to supplement their allowance.[3]
    • Laettner attended the private Nichols School; although he received a financial aid package that paid a substantial part of his tuition, his family had to sacrifice to send him there, and he also did janitorial work at the school to defray some of the cost.[b] During his career he scored over 2,000 points, breaking the school record set by teammate Ron Torgalski,[5] and the team won two state titles and reached another semifinal.[3] He was a much sought-after college recruit.[c]
    • College [ edit ] Laettner attended Duke University and played for the basketball team from 1988 to 1992 under coach Mike Krzyzewski. As the team's star player his final two seasons, he led the Blue Devils to the first two national titles in school history.[d] A four-year starter, he also contributed to their runner-up finish his sophomore year and Final Four appearance in his freshman year.[e] Thus, in total, he played 23 out of a maximum possible 24 NCAA tournament games, winning 21; both are records.
    • For his career, Laettner averaged 16.6 points and 7.8 rebounds per game while making almost half of his three-pointers.[6] He scored 21.5 points per game his senior season, garnering every major national player of the year award; Duke retired his No. 32 jersey later that year.[7] His career is widely regarded among the best in college history,[a] and he is enshrined in the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame.[2]
    • NCAA tournament records [ edit ] Most points scored: 407[8]Most free throws made: 142Most free throw attempts: 167Most games won: 21Most games played: 23Clutch performances [ edit ] Laettner had several clutch performances in the NCAA tournament.[4] His most famous was the 1992 regional final against Kentucky, which was foreshadowed by the 1990 regional final against UConn; in both games Duke trailed by one point with two seconds remaining in overtime before Laettner made a jumper as time expired. He also swished the game-winning free throws against undefeated and heavily favored UNLV in the 1991 semifinal, which avenged UNLV's 30-point victory in the 1990 final. He then led Duke to its first championship, defeating Kansas in the final, and was selected as the tournament's most outstanding player.
    • In the 1992 East Regional Final, a game many critics rate among the greatest in college basketball history, Laettner hit a game-winning, buzzer-beating turn-around jumper that has since become known as simply The Shot.[4][9][10] Over the course of the game, he shot a perfect ten of ten field goals and ten of ten free throws for 31 points. He then finished his college career by leading Duke to its second consecutive national title. The following year ESPN awarded him both "Outstanding Performance Under Pressure" and "College Basketball Play of the Year" for the Kentucky game, also awarding him "Outstanding College Basketball Performer of the Year".[11]
    • The game-winning shot against Kentucky became a cultural icon, having been frequently televised in college basketball montages. Several companies have also featured it in their commercials.[f] In 2006 The Best Damn Sports Show Period ranked it the fifth most memorable moment in sports history.[12]
    • Widely reviled [ edit ] Laettner was widely reviled by opposing fans throughout his career, to the extent that more than 20 years after graduating from Duke, he was voted the most hated college basketball player in history in an ESPN online poll.[13] This led to ESPN's creation of the 30 for 30 documentary I Hate Christian Laettner that explored five factors which the filmmakers believe explain this widespread and persistent hatred: race, privilege, bullying, greatness, and physical appearance.[4] He was particularly resented for stepping on the chest of Kentucky player Aminu Timberlake during the 1992 regional final, which the referees deemed a technical foul; Laettner expressed regret for his misconduct but believed that ejection would have been too harsh a consequence.[14] The opening lyric to the folksong "1992" by Doug Boyd references Laettner's shot and the subsequent impact on University of Kentucky basketball fans.
    • NBA career [ edit ] Drafted third overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves,[g] Laettner played 13 years in the NBA, from 1992 to 2005, scoring 11,121 points and grabbing 5,806 rebounds.[6] His first six seasons were his best, averaging 16.6 points and 7.9 rebounds per game while starting almost all of them. He also was selected to the All-Rookie First Team in 1993 and the All-Star Game in 1997 while with the Atlanta Hawks. His time on the Hawks was his most successful NBA team experience, twice reaching the second round of the playoffs.[6]
    • Despite his achievements, Laettner's NBA career was characterized by relative transience.[4] He played for six different teams, was traded six times, and never spent more than three full seasons anywhere.[6] In 2004, he was suspended for several games for using marijuana.[15]
    • National team career [ edit ] As the national player of the year, Laettner was the only collegian selected for the prestigious "Dream Team" that won the 1992 Olympic gold medal in a dominant fashion. He averaged 4.8 points per game.[16] The team is considered one of the greatest in sports history[17] and was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of Fame, and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.[18]
    • Post-NBA basketball [ edit ] Laettner maintains a close friendship with Duke teammate Brian Davis.[4] They have pursued several business ventures together, including real-estate development in Durham,[19] a Major League Soccer team,[20] and an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the Memphis Grizzlies.[21] Some legal problems, primarily regarding unpaid debts, have also occurred.[22]
    • Since 2011 he has operated numerous youth basketball training camps.[23] He also played one season in a semi-pro league[24] and briefly served as an assistant coach in the NBA Development League.[25] For The Z Team, an Olympic Channel reality show that has former Olympic athletes help struggling sports teams, he worked with the Garinger High School boys basketball team for a week.[26]
    • Personal life [ edit ] Laettner lives in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, and is an avid musky fisherman.[27][28][29]
    • He is divorced with three children.[30]
    • He has donated large sums to his alma maters.[h]
    • Career statistics [ edit ] NBA [ edit ] Regular season [ edit ] Playoffs [ edit ] YearTeamGPGSMPGFG%3P%FT%RPGAPGSPGBPGPPG1996Atlanta101033.4.484.333.7046.91.51.21.015.71997Atlanta101040.3.418.190.8577.22.61.0.817.61998Atlanta4021.8.343.000.8824.31.01.5.39.81999Detroit5024.6.426'-- .7862.82.2.8.210.22000Detroit3325.0.412'-- .7505.02.0.0.36.72005Miami13010.5.500.000.8331.9.5.3.02.2Career452325.7.432.179.7944.71.5.8.510.5College [ edit ] YearTeamGPGSMPGFG%3P%FT%RPGAPGSPGBPGPPG1988''89Duke361616.9.7231.000.7274.71.21.0.88.91989''90Duke383829.9.511.500.8369.62.21.61.116.31990''91Duke393930.2.575.340.8028.71.91.91.119.81991''92Duke353532.2.575.557.8157.92.02.1.921.5Career14812827.4.574.485.8067.81.81.61.016.6Awards and honors [ edit ] NBANBA All-Star (1997)NBA All-Rookie First Team (1993)Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (class of 2010 as a member of the "Dream Team")USA BasketballSummer Olympics gold medal winner (1992)Pan American Games bronze medal winner (1991)FIBA World Championship bronze medal winner (1990)Tournament of the Americas gold medal winner (1992)Tournament of the Americas silver medal winner (1989)Goodwill Games silver medal winner (1990)U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame (class of 2009 as a member of the "Dream Team")FIBA Hall of Fame (class of 2017 as a member of the "Dream Team")NCAA2— NCAA champion (1991, 1992)NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player (1991)Consensus National College Player of the Year (1992)Consensus first-team All-American (1992)Consensus second-team All-American (1991)2— NCAA Final Four All-Tournament Team) (1991, 1992)ACC Player of the Year (1992)ACC Player of the Year (1992)2— ACC Athlete of the Year (1991, 1992)2— First-team All-ACC (1991, 1992)Second-team All-ACC (1990)ACC Tournament MVP 1992Oscar Robertson Trophy (1992)NABC Player of the Year (1992)NABC Player of the Year (1992)John R. Wooden Award (1992)Naismith College Player of the Year (1992)No. 32 jersey retired by Duke in 1992College Basketball Hall of Fame (class of 2010)MediaSporting News College Player of the Year (1992)AP College Basketball Player of the Year (1992)OtherNational Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame (class of 2008)[33]See also [ edit ] List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2,000 points and 1,000 reboundsList of NCAA Division I men's basketball career games played leadersList of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leadersNotes [ edit ] ^ a b As stated by Jalen Rose, Gene Wojciechowski, Jay Bilas, and others.[4] ^ According to Wojciechowski, "He was, in all probability, the poorest student at the school and almost certainly the only one whose parents ordered his clothes from the Sears catalog, which was the one place they could find pants that fit his growing frame."[3] ^ As a freshman, Laettner received his first recruiting letter, from nearby St. Bonaventure University. The following year, he became a national recruit, sought after by virtually every major Division I program. He first narrowed his list to 11 schools, and eventually decided he preferred the brand of basketball played in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). By his senior year, he decided he would make only three official visits'--to Duke, North Carolina, and Virginia.[3] ^ Duke was the first repeat champion since UCLA in 1973 and remains one of two teams, along with Florida in 2007, to defend its title after the NCAA tournament expanded to six rounds in 1985. ^ earning the distinction of being one of only four players (including teammates Greg Koubek and Brian Davis) to play in four consecutive final fours, while being the only one to start every game. ^ including those of Allstate in 2003 and Laettner's reenactment for Vitamin Water in 2009 ^ after Shaquille O'Neal and Alonzo Mourning; incidentally all three would be teammates on the Miami Heat during Laettner's final season ^ $1 million to Nichols School to create a scholarship fund for students in financial need and to aid in the completion of a new gymnasium[31] and, in partnership with Brian Davis, $2 million to Duke's men's basketball program to endow an athletic scholarship and support construction of an athletics center and practice facility.[32] References [ edit ] ^ Men's Tournament of the Americas '' 1992, USA Basketball. Retrieved December 6, 2018. ^ a b Christian Laettner at the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame ^ a b c d e Wojciechowski, Gene (January 10, 2012). "How can you be that confident?". ESPN.com . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . Excerpted from The Last Great Game: Duke vs. Kentucky and the 2.1 Seconds that Changed Basketball, Blue Rider Books (imprint of Penguin Group USA), 2012. ^ a b c d e f g ESPN's 30 for 30 documentary I Hate Christian Laettner ^ Rippey, Sharon (December 19, 2007). "Ron Torgalski '89 Inducted into Athletic Hall of Fame". Hamilton College . Retrieved May 13, 2020 . ^ a b c d Laettner's Duke and NBA statistics at basketball-reference.com ^ "Duke Legends". Dukeupdate.com . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ "WashingtonWizards.com Mailbox: Christian Laettner". Nba.com . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ "Kentucky vs. Duke (March 28, 1992)" . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . ^ "SI on Campus: 16 Greatest Games". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ "The 2002 ESPY Awards '' ESPY Awards past winners". Espn.go.com . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ "Best Damn's Top 50 Unforgettable Sports Moments". February 4, 2009. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009 . Retrieved October 23, 2012 . ^ Titus, Mark (March 19, 2013). "Most Hated College Basketball Player, Day 7: There Can Only Be One" . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . ^ "Christian Laettner tries to make amends for infamous stomp". Rivals.yahoo.com. October 5, 2011 . Retrieved March 17, 2012 . ^ CBC Sports. "NBA suspends Wizards' Laettner" January 15, 2004. Accessed February 6, 2008. ^ "USA Olympic Basketball Team Rosters and Stats - Basketball-Reference.com" . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . ^ "The Original Dream Team". NBA.com. August 8, 1992. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012 . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame '' Hall of Famers". Hoophall.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010 . Retrieved March 11, 2015 . ^ "Duke buys property in West Village from failed Davis-Laettner venture". Archived from the original on July 3, 2015 . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . ^ "MacFarlane leads group in purchase of Major League Soccer's D.C. United". Archived from the original on March 18, 2007 . Retrieved April 28, 2007 . ^ "Owner sets May 1 deadline to take team off market" . Retrieved April 28, 2007 . ^ Stych, Ed; Producer, Web (March 18, 2012). "Ex-Timberwolves Laettner, Davis again avoid jail time over Dawkins debt". Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal . Retrieved March 18, 2012 . ^ "The CLBA" . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . ^ "Getting to Know ... Christian Laettner". Jacksonvillemag.com . Retrieved October 23, 2012 . ^ J.E. Miller (January 20, 2012). "Christian Laettner Joins NBA Mad Ants". Milleronsports.com . Retrieved October 23, 2012 . ^ Fowler, Scott (January 28, 2018). "Would you dare put Christian Laettner in charge of a high school basketball team?". www.charlotteobserver.com. Charlotte Observer . Retrieved October 14, 2019 . ^ 30 Seconds with Christian Laettner, nytimes.com, March 29, 2009. ^ Smits, Garry (February 12, 2012). "Christian Laettner never lost his taste for the game". The Florida Times-Union . Retrieved June 25, 2012 . ^ Best, Neil. Christian Laettner doesn't hate the film 'I Hate Christian Laettner'. Newsday. Retrieved March 15, 2015. ^ Christian Laettner Sued His Own Business for $10 Million. Now Some Former Partners Are Suing Him. David Hudnall, Indy Week March 9, 2016 ^ "NBA.com: Christian Laettner Bio". July 16, 2006. Archived from the original on July 16, 2006 . Retrieved October 30, 2016 . CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) ^ "Laettner, Davis Give $2 Million to Legacy Fund, New Athletic Facility". Dukenews.duke.edu. July 28, 2005. Archived from the original on September 7, 2005 . Retrieved April 7, 2011 . ^ Christian Laettner Archived April 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine at the Polish Sports HOF External links [ edit ] Career statistics and player information from NBA.com and Basketball-Reference.comLinks to related articles
  • Jalen Rose - Wikipedia
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    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 04:29
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    • American basketball player
    • Jalen Anthony Rose (born January 30, 1973) is an American sports analyst and former professional basketball player. In college, he was a member of the University of Michigan Wolverines' "Fab Five" (along with Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jimmy King, and Ray Jackson) that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as both freshmen and sophomores.
    • Rose played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a small forward for six teams, most notably alongside Reggie Miller on the Indiana Pacers team that made three consecutive Eastern Conference finals, including the 2000 NBA Finals. He retired in 2007 with a career average of 14.3 points, 3.8 assists and 3.5 rebounds per game
    • Rose is a sports analyst for ABC and ESPN. He is an analyst on NBA Countdown, Get Up!, and co-host of the ESPN talk show, Jalen & Jacoby, with co-host, David Jacoby[1] He is also the founder of the Jalen Rose Leadership Academy and the author of The New York Times best-seller Got to Give the People What They Want and producer of the ESPN documentary The Fab Five.
    • Early life [ edit ] Rose's biological father Jimmy Walker was a No. 1 overall draft pick in the NBA who started in the backcourt alongside Jerry West in the 1972 NBA All-Star Game. Although they eventually spoke several times over the phone, Rose never met his father in person. Walker died in July 2007 of lung cancer.[2]
    • Rose's mother, Jeanne, named him from a combination of his father's name, James, and his uncle's name, Leonard.[3] As a result of Rose's prominence in the NCAA and NBA, Jalen became one of the most popular names for African-American boys born in the 1990s and early 2000s. A number of notable American athletes who began play in the 2010s are named Jalen, after Rose,[4][5] including Jalen Mayfield, Jalen Suggs, and Jaylen Waddle. In 2021, there were 32 players with some variation of the name Jalen on rosters in the NBA, NFL, and other North American professional sports, with an additional 80 who played men's college basketball.[6]
    • Basketball career [ edit ] College basketball career [ edit ] Rose while playing with the Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team.
    • As a star at Southwestern High School in Detroit, where he was teammates with future NBA players Voshon Lenard and Howard Eisley, Rose obtained a high profile and can even be seen at a high school All-American camp in the documentary film Hoop Dreams. Rose attended the University of Michigan where the Wolverines reached two NCAA Finals games in 1992 and 1993, finishing as national runners up both times. Rose was a part of Wolverines coach Steve Fisher's legendary 1991 recruiting class, dubbed the "Fab Five". He led the Fab Five in scoring his freshman year, averaging 17.6 points per game, and set the school freshman scoring record with 597 total points.[7] Aside from being the most outspoken of the Fab Five, Rose was also their small forward and leader. While he did not win an NCAA title, he racked up over 1700 points, 400 rebounds, 400 assists, and 100 steals. At 6-8 and playing as a versatile point guard, some reporters started comparing Rose to his schoolboy idol Magic Johnson.[8] Of the players called before the grand jury (Robert Traylor, Webber, Rose, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock)[9] in the University of Michigan basketball scandal, Rose was the only one not listed as having received large amounts of money.[10]
    • NBA career [ edit ] Rose played for six different NBA teams, forging a solid pro career after skipping his senior season at Michigan. He was selected 13th overall by the Denver Nuggets in the 1994 NBA draft. After two years with Denver, he was traded to the Indiana Pacers, along with Reggie Williams and a future first round draft pick, for Mark Jackson, Ricky Pierce, and a 1st round draft pick.[11]
    • Despite his successes in Indiana, he was not readily accepted early on.[12] Rose frequently logged DNPCDs (Did Not Play '' Coach's Decision) under Coach Larry Brown. Rose also often spoke out about the fact he was being used as a backup two-guard and small forward over his preference, which was point guard. It was not until Larry Bird took over coaching duties did Rose finally begin to blossom, eventually realizing he was most effective at small forward.[13]
    • As a member of the Indiana Pacers, Rose helped the team get back on its feet after a disastrous 1996''97 season and make it to three consecutive Eastern Conference Finals appearances.[citation needed ] Rose became the first player in eight years other than Reggie Miller to lead the Pacers in scoring in the 1999''2000 season when he averaged 18.2 points per game for the eventual Eastern Conference Champions, winning the NBA Most Improved Player Award in the process, the first time in Pacers history. After helping lead his team to the 2000 NBA Finals, Rose went on to average 25 points per game in the six game series, including a 32-point effort in a game five win. However, the Pacers lost the series to the Los Angeles Lakers.[14] This playoff series is also remembered for Rose intentionally placing his foot underneath Kobe Bryant in game 2, while Bryant was landing back to the ground after shooting a jump shot, in an effort to cause Bryant injury (which Rose later admitted to intentionally doing).[15] Bryant would miss Game 3 of the series due to an injury after landing on Rose's foot.[15]
    • During the 2001''02 season, Rose was traded to the Chicago Bulls along with Travis Best, Norman Richardson, and a future second round draft pick in exchange for Brad Miller, Ron Mercer, Ron Artest and Kevin Ollie.
    • After 16 games in the 2003''04 season, Rose was traded to the Toronto Raptors, along with power forwards Donyell Marshall and Lonny Baxter.
    • On February 3, 2006, midway through the 2005''06 season, he was traded, along with a first-round draft pick, and an undisclosed sum of cash (believed to be around $3 million), to the New York Knicks for Antonio Davis, where he was reunited with Larry Brown, his coach for one year with the Indiana Pacers. The motivation behind this trade was apparently to free up cap space (Rose earned close to $16 million a year) and to allow the Raptors to acquire an experienced center who could relieve some of Chris Bosh's rebounding duties. Rose's final game and contribution for the Raptors was a home win against the Sacramento Kings, where he scored the winning basket in overtime.[16]
    • On November 3, 2006, Rose announced he would sign with the Suns.[17] On November 7, it was officially announced that Rose had signed a $1.5 million one-year deal with Phoenix.[18] Rose retired from the NBA in 2007 with a career average of 14.3 points, 3.8 assists and 3.5 rebounds per game.[19]
    • Post-NBA career and broadcasting [ edit ] Rose worked as a Sideline Reporter for the 2006 NBA Playoffs for TNT. Since his retirement in 2007, Rose has worked at ABC/ESPN, first as an analyst on SportsCenter and in 2012 he became one of the hosts for NBA Countdown. Rose has also worked on ESPN's Grantland. [20]
    • Rose is the owner of Three Tier Entertainment, an independent, Los Angeles based management and production company. Created in 2007, Three Tier Entertainment develops television and film projects and also manages talent including directors, actors and screenplay writers.[citation needed ] In 2011, he produced the ESPN documentary The Fab Five. The Fab Five earned a 2.1 rating to become ESPNʼs highest rated documentary according to the Nielsen Company, despite sparking controversy that led to a series of media exchanges between members of the press, Michigan Wolverines men's basketball players and Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players.[21]
    • In 2015, Rose released Got to Give the People What They Want, a book about his personal life story. It is a New York Times Bestseller and made the list of Michigan Notable Books from 2016.[citation needed ] As of 2021, he co-hosts Jalen & Jacoby, a national US sports radio show on ESPN Radio, with David Jacoby.[22] Since April 2018, Rose has been a guest analyst of Get Up!, a three-hour morning sports talk show on ESPN.[23][24]
    • Rose also has a multi-platform partnership with the New York Post where he hosts a podcast and weekly column under the name Renaissance Man.[25]
    • NBA career statistics [ edit ] Player profile [ edit ] A left-handed player, Rose was known to have a smooth and versatile offensive game.[citation needed ] Jalen was particularly gifted as a scorer from the perimeter or the post.[citation needed ] Rose was used throughout his career at three different positions. He began his career as a point guard for the Denver Nuggets and became a shooting guard/small forward for the Indiana Pacers. He then returned to the point guard position briefly with the Toronto Raptors. However, during his career he was most effective as a small forward or swingman. Rose was also a good passer, especially for his height, and Indiana often employed him as a point forward. Not known for his defense, Rose's best moment defensively came during the 1997''1998 season, when Rose emerged as a defensive stopper on Michael Jordan in the Eastern Conference Finals, though the Bulls pulled out the series in seven games. Rose has sometimes been regarded as a team leader, particularly under head coach Larry Bird, though he reportedly was a disruptive force in the Pacers' locker room during his feud with the coach at that time Isiah Thomas, after Thomas cut former Fab Five teammate Jimmy King on the final day to do so before the 2000''2001 season.[citation needed ]
    • While in Toronto, Rose also frequently clashed with Raptors coach Sam Mitchell, who benched a struggling Jalen early in the 2005''06 season in favor of rookie Joey Graham.
    • In the following months, Rose increased his Player Efficiency Rating more than three points (to 13.7) while averaging 12.1 points, 2.5 assists, and 2.8 rebounds per game. However, he only shot 40.4% from the field and 27% from three-point range (including a 51.4 true shooting percentage) through 46 games.[citation needed ]
    • In 2003, Rose was honored with the Professional Basketball Writers Association Magic Johnson Award. Jalen was inducted into the Detroit High School Hall of Fame in 2013 and Michigan Basketball Hall of Fame in 2017.
    • Regular season [ edit ] Playoffs [ edit ] YearTeamGPGSMPGFG%3P%FT%RPGAPGSPGBPGPPG1995Denver3333.0.464.250.6003.76.01.0.710.01998Indiana15019.5.480.375.7411.81.9.7.48.11999Indiana13027.3.442.348.8242.42.51.0.412.22000Indiana242341.9.437.429.8054.43.4.7.520.82001Indiana4441.0.380.3131.0004.52.81.5.318.02007Phoenix109.0.250.000.0001.02.0.0.02.0Career593031.9.438.385.8013.22.9.8.414.6Philanthropy [ edit ] Jalen Rose with graduates of the Jalen Rose Leadership Academy
    • In 2000, Rose established the Jalen Rose Foundation/Charitable Fund to create life-changing opportunities for underserved youth through the development of unique programs and the distribution of grants to qualified nonprofit organizations. Grants focus on education and sports and are distributed in Jalen's hometown of Detroit and in other communities in need.
    • Rose established the Jalen Rose Leadership Academy (JRLA) in 2011. The academy is an open enrollment, tuition free, public charter high school on the Northwest side of Detroit. The academy serves over 400 ninth through twelfth grade students and graduated its inaugural class in June 2015 '' one hundred percent of the academy's graduates have gained college, trade/technical school or military acceptance.[citation needed ] The mission is to provide a leadership-focused experience within a high-performing high school that engages and inspires Detroit area youth to achieve at the rigorous level necessary to graduate with a college degree and thrive in life. Rose serves as the President of the Board of Directors.[26]
    • The Detroit News has recognized Rose with the Michiganian of the Year Award in recognition of his excellence, courage and philanthropy to uplift the metropolitan area and Michigan. In 2016, he was awarded the 11th Annual National Civil Rights Museum Sports Legacy Award for his contributions to civil and human rights, and for laying the foundation for future leaders through his career in sports in the spirit of Dr. King. Rose won the award for establishing the Jalen Rose Foundation, which creates opportunities for underprivileged youth.[27] In addition, the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame awarded Rose the 2016 Mannie Jackson '' Basketball's Human Spirit Award.[28]
    • Personal life [ edit ] In 2005, Rose earned a Bachelor of Science in Management Studies from the University of Maryland University College.[29][30] He remains an active supporter of his alma mater, the University of Michigan, and was seen rooting for their men's basketball team during the 2006 NIT Final Four with fellow ex-Wolverine, Maurice Taylor.[31] He also was seen in Atlanta, Georgia for the Wolverines' 2013 NCAA National Title game.[32]
    • In 2011, Rose was arrested, pleaded guilty and served time in jail for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated in West Bloomfield Township, Michigan.[33]
    • In July 2018, Rose married for the first time to ESPN personality Molly Qerim in a private ceremony.[34] Rose has two daughters and a son from a previous relationship.
    • References [ edit ] ^ "Jalen & Jacoby Series". ESPN . Retrieved August 4, 2020 . ^ Bembry, Jerry. "The legacy of Jimmy Walker and Jalen Rose." www.espn.com, September 6, 2007. Retrieved November 6, 2013.[non-primary source needed ] ^ "Jalen Rose Report" (Podcast). Grantland Channel. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013 . Retrieved November 23, 2013 . ^ Kirkham, Alexandra Berzon and Chris (March 22, 2017). "It's Not Your Imagination: There are Loads of Jalens in College Basketball". Wall Street Journal '' via www.wsj.com. ^ "The most popular names in college basketball in 2020 sound a lot like the 1990s | NCAA.com". www.ncaa.com. ^ Woodyard, Eric (April 28, 2021). "The Jalen Generation: How Jalen Rose's name has spread throughout the world of sports". ESPN. ^ "Happy Birthday, Jalen Rose: Jan. 30". The Post Game. January 30, 2015 . Retrieved October 13, 2021 . ^ Reed, William F. (April 6, 1992). "A Rose in Full Bloom". Sports Illustrated . Retrieved August 31, 2018 . ^ Larcom, Geoff (October 19, 2000). "Former U-M assistant testifies in Martin case". Ann Arbor News. Archived from the original on January 10, 2003. ^ Norwood, Robyn. "Webber faces indictment." Los Angeles Times, September 10, 2002. www.articles.latimes.com. Retrieved November 6, 2013. ^ "Jalen Rose". www.basketball-reference.com . Retrieved June 20, 2013 . ^ Fromal, Adam. "Jalen Rose: Reggie Miller Doesn't Acknowledge Me, Larry Brown Tried to Ruin Me". Bleacher Report . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ "Rose's Career Booms With Bird". archive.nytimes.com . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ "With Shaq and Kobe in the Starring Roles, Lakers Win First Championship in a Dozen Years". Los Angeles Times. June 20, 2000 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ a b "Jalen Rose Intentionally Injured Kobe Bryant In The 2000 NBA Finals". www.businessinsider.com . Retrieved July 8, 2019 . ^ "Bibby gets 42, but Raptors beat Kings in OT". Times-Herald. January 30, 2006 . Retrieved February 19, 2021 . ^ "Knicks trade Antonio Davis to Raptors for Jalen Rose". InsideHoops.com. February 3, 2006 . Retrieved October 31, 2012 . ^ "Full bloom: Free agent Rose signs deal with Suns."www.espn.com, November 7, 2006. Retrieved November 6, 2013. ^ "Jalen Rose named ambassador for Retired Players Association". Sports Illustrated. August 5, 2014. ^ Emery, Debbie (September 12, 2015). "Grantland Duo Jalen & Jacoby Get National Primetime ESPN Radio Show". The Wrap. ^ "The Fab Five: Hating Duke". ESPN. March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on March 16, 2011 . Retrieved March 18, 2011 . Reid, Jason (March 13, 2011). "Jalen Rose's comments on race in ESPN documentary are misguided". Washington Post . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . Hill, Grant (March 16, 2011). "Grant Hill's Response to Jalen Rose". The New York Times . Retrieved March 17, 2011 . Everson, Darren (March 16, 2011). "Fab Five Member Responds to Hill". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved March 18, 2011 . "Hill Takes Issue With Rose In Fab Five Flap". nba.com. March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015 . Retrieved November 8, 2013 . ^ Wang, Joyce (September 21, 2015). "Jalen & Jacoby Launches as National ESPN Radio Primetime Show". ESPN . Retrieved June 14, 2016 . [non-primary source needed ] ^ " ' It Don't Stop': Jalen Rose's Work Days Are a Whirlwind". Sports Illustrated. ^ "NBA Countdown Analyst, Co-host Jalen & Jacoby". ESPN . Retrieved October 13, 2021 . ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (August 20, 2020). "Jalen Rose Partners With New York Post For A Weekly Column And Podcast". Forbes . Retrieved August 4, 2021 . ^ "About JRLA." Archived August 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Jalen Rose Leadership Academy. Retrieved November 8, 2013. ^ Wade, Don (January 4, 2016). "Sports Legacy Award Winners to Be Honored at MLK Game". MemphisDailyNews.com . Retrieved August 31, 2018 . ^ "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame :: Chris Paul, Jalen Rose and Tubby Smith Named Winners of 2016 Mannie Jackson - Basketball's Human Spirit Award" . Retrieved March 8, 2017 . ^ Walsh-Sarnecki, Peggy. "Practicing What He Preaches." Detroit Free Press, July 9, 2005. www.jalenrose.com. ^ Rose, Jalen. "Jalen Rose Leadership Academy: Bringing a Quality Education and Jobs to Detroit." Huffington Post, February 1, 2013. www.huffingtonpost.com. ^ Waldstein, David (June 24, 2008). "2006: Star-Ledger: Michigan remains in Rose". JalenRose.com . Retrieved August 31, 2018 . [non-primary source needed ] ^ Greenberg, Chris (April 8, 2013). "Chris Webber Arrives! Fab Five Reunion At Michigan vs. Louisville NCAA Tournament Final". HuffPost . Retrieved September 1, 2018 . ^ "Jalen Rose Sentenced to 20 Days Jail for Drunken Driving". West Bloomfield, MI Patch. July 27, 2011. ^ Sulonen, Dana (July 20, 2018). "Former Michigan basketball player Jalen Rose marries Molly Qerim". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved July 21, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jalen Rose . Official website Career statistics and player information from NBA.com and Basketball-Reference.comJalen Rose at IMDbLinks to related articles
  • Cameron Crazies - Wikipedia
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    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 04:14
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    • Cameron Crazies swarm the court after Duke defeated North Carolina, 1999''2000
    • The Cameron Crazies are the student section supporting the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team and the Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team. The section can hold approximately 1,200 occupants.[1][2] The section, also deemed "The Zoo" by Al McGuire for their humorous pranks, and "The Sixth-Man" by Duke men's basketball head coach Mike Krzyzewski, is known for being "rude, crude and lewd '' as well as cleverly funny," stated Frank Vehorn of the Virginian-Pilot. The Crazies are famous for painting their bodies blue and white or wearing outrageous outfits. They start their cheering as soon as warm-ups begin. Throughout the game, the Crazies jump up and down when the opposing team has possession of the ball and yell cheers in unison at focal points of the game.
    • History [ edit ] The Cameron Crazies were named after Cameron Indoor Stadium, where the home basketball games are held, sometime in the mid-1980s.[3] The name became widely known as Mike Krzyzewski's program. It became one of the best in the country. In an article about the Crazies published in 2007, Al Featherston stated, "Duke's crowd may or may not be the best student section'... but it is the standard by which all others are measured."[2] Some other colleges and universities have used the Crazies as a model for their own cheering sections at basketball games, such as Harvard University and Indiana University, both of which recently printed a run of Crimson Crazies T-shirts. Over the years, some have noted that the Crazies have calmed down due to restrictions, such as not being able to throw things onto the court.[3]
    • Krzyzewskiville [ edit ] Gathering in
    • K-ville before the 2000 UNC''Duke game
    • Krzyzewskiville is a makeshift city in which the Cameron Crazies camp out before games in order to get seats. It was believed to be created in 1986 when around 15 drunk students rented a tent Thursday night and camped out for a game held on the following Saturday. Students followed the trend and eventually Krzyzewskiville became almost like an official town with its own metal placard. Before big games, like those against rival the University of North Carolina, more than 1,200 students pack the lawn. Living in tents in front of the stadium almost three months prior to the game, students have to use the restrooms in the gym, order pizzas and have them delivered to 'K-ville,' and follow strict rules enforced by the university.[1]
    • Strategies [ edit ] Since the 1980s, the Cameron Crazies have harassed opposing teams.[3] The Crazies are organized and prepare before games, handing out "dirt sheets" containing embarrassing information about opposing players, often focused around academic irresponsibility or run-ins with the law, as well as cheer ideas suggested by Duke's student team of line monitors.[4]
    • Once during a game, a television network had to turn off the sound because the Crazies were chanting about one of the sponsors.[citation needed ] Pranks included tossing bags of uncooked noodles during warmups at Georgia Tech's Craig Neal, who was 6'5" and weighed 160 pounds, throwing Twinkies at Georgia Tech's Dennis Scott because he was overweight, tossing pizza boxes as North Carolina State University's Lorenzo Charles walked on court after being caught stealing pizzas a few weeks prior to the game.[citation needed ] Chris Washburn had records thrown at him after being charged with stealing a stereo.[3] After being criticized by The Washington Post, the Crazies changed the normal placard that read, "If you can't go to college, go to State," and added "If you can't go to State, write for The Washington Post".[2] Once, while losing to NC State, the Duke crowd started chanting, "That's alright, that's okay! You will work for us one day!"[3] Cameron Crazies popularized many now-famous cheers and taunts, the most widely known of which is the "air ball" cheer in 1979 after North Carolina player Nick Yonakor's shot missed the rim and backboard entirely.[5]
    • Another famous instance of the Crazies' antics occurred in a Duke/UNC matchup on February 9, 2005. It was Roy Williams' first visit to Cameron Indoor as UNC head coach after formerly leaving his head coaching position at the University of Kansas. The Cameron Crazies used this knowledge and greeted the visiting Tar Heels in creative fashion. Some Duke fans dressed up as characters from The Wizard of Oz and prepared a yellow brick road for the Tar Heels to communicate that Williams was "not in Kansas anymore".[6]
    • One of their most famous chants occurs whenever an opposing player fouls out. As the player goes back to his bench, the Crazies mockingly wave at him and chant "Aaaaaah ..." When he sits down, they yell, "See ya!" Several players have been known to keep standing for long periods'--as long as the remainder of the game'--to keep from hearing "See ya!"[7]
    • Criticism [ edit ] In the past, the cheers and chanting have offended some coaches and fans, including Coach Krzyzewski, who in 1994 publicly asked the students to cheer for their team, not against the opposing team.[3] Duke University President Terry Sanford agreed, sending the students an avuncular letter back in the 1980s asking them to change the obscene cheers into cheers that were "wholesome, witty, and forceful." Television networks also took notice at one point; in 1979, NBC insisted on a time-delay so that the crowd could be censored if necessary.[2]
    • However, much of this criticism has cooled since the late 1990s, especially as commentators have noted that modern Duke teams frequently face far more vulgar abuse on the road than teams that visit Cameron due to their status as one of the few private schools with a consistently successful basketball program.[citation needed ]
    • References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] ESPN Page2 on the Cameron's Craziest at ESPN Page 2, 2002Kamp Krazy article on Kville in Sports Illustrated, 2004Articles and photo of the first Kville'' Cameroon Indoor exhibit at Duke University Archives
  • Duke Power Company - North Carolina History Project
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    • In addition to producing electricity that spurred industrial development in North Carolina, the Duke Power Company, now called the Duke Energy Corporation, has played important roles in several chapters of the state's history.
    • The company's origins lay in the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the Catawba River. This had been an idea from Dr. W. Gill Wylie, a gynecologist by profession who foresaw the possibilities of electric power. After the completion of the dam in 1904, James Buchanan "Buck" Duke, who had amassed a fortune manufacturing machine-rolled cigarettes, offered to invest in Wylie's electricity generation venture. The Southern Power Company was incorporated in 1905.
    • The new company constructed a precisely coordinated system of dams on the Catawba River in South Carolina. The system was designed by Southern Power's chief engineer, W. S. Lee, and though it was located in South Carolina, much of its power flowed through new transmission lines into North Carolina. In its early years, Southern Power had numerous advantages over competitors, including efficient operations and a massive source of capital in Buck Duke's tobacco fortune. Buck Duke favored industrial uses of electrical power: during the early years of the Southern Power Company, its principal customers were textile manufacturers, which expanded rapidly as a result of their new source of energy.
    • In North and South Carolina, residential electricity consumption was minimal until around 1920. When Buck Duke founded Southern Power, he did not intend to supply electricity to residential customers. Southern Power began accepting residential customers only when textile manufacturers insisted that the company sell electricity to the workers who lived near textile mills. Southern Power soon began selling electricity to any individual customer who lived near power lines, and its customer base expanded rapidly. In the midst of this expansion, Buck Duke in 1913 created a new division of Southern Power devoted to residential sales. Called the Southern Public Utilities Company, this division of Southern Power revolutionized domestic life in the Carolinas, and by the 1920s, electrical appliances had become ubiquitous in the two states.
    • Renamed Duke Power in 1924, the electricity giant became unpopular in the early years of the Great Depression, having drawn the attention of anti-business politicians. Any politicians who supported Duke Power were ridiculed, and many of them, such as U.S. Senator Cameron Morrison, were voted out of office after doing so. Moreover, in the mid-1930s, the Federal government's Tennessee Valley Authority and Public Works Administration began constructing power plants that competed with Duke Power's plants. Duke Power opposed these government projects. Its executives offered clumsy public explanations for Duke Power's opposition to these Federal plants. They asserted, for instance, that the Federal plants would severely constrain Duke Power's philanthropic activities. Nevertheless, the company had some success in blocking these Federal projects, in one case suing successfully to keep a Federally funded plant out of High Point. The Depression was in any event a low point for Duke Power, and its expansion had ground to a halt by the late 1930s.
    • Along with many other businesses, Duke Power recovered and resumed expansion after World War II. During the 1950s and 1960s, Duke Power became one of the earliest adopters of nuclear power technology in the United States, and continues to operate nuclear power plants in the Carolinas.
    • In 1971, the company achieved notoriety as the defendant in Griggs v. Duke Power, a landmark court decision on racial discrimination. Thirteen African-American employees of Duke Power sued the company for requiring minimum scores on intelligence tests for advancement. Though Duke Power had by then ceased its policies of overt discrimination, its intelligence test requirement effectively excluded African-Americans from many parts of the company. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Chief Justice Warren Burger delivered the court's opinion, ruling that the intelligence tests administered by Duke Power were irrelevant to the skills required of the company's employees. Further, he held that these policies had the effect of discriminating against African-Americans and thus violated Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Burger wrote that while Duke Power likely did not have discriminatory intent in requiring minimum intelligence test scores, the discriminatory effect of the company's intelligence testing policy rendered it illegal.
    • In recent years, Duke Power has continued its expansion, moving into the Midwest, and it has branched into other businesses, such as natural gas. It has been called the Duke Energy Corporation since it merged in 2006 with the Cinergy Coporation, a Cincinnati-based electricity company. After the merger, Duke Power announced plans to expand its nuclear power operations, placing it at the forefront of that technology's revival.
    • SourcesDouglas Carl Abrams, Conservative Constraints: North Carolina and the New Deal (Jackson, 1992); David Lee Carlton and Peter A. Coclanis, The South, the Nation, and the World (Charlottesville, 2003); John Downey, "Shareholders approve Duke-Cinergy merger," Charlotte Business Journal, 10 March 2006; Robert F. Durden, Electrifying the Piedmont Carolinas: The Duke Power Company, 1904-1997 (Durham, 2001); Griggs v. Duke Power Company, 401 U.S. 424 (1971); John W. Johnson, Insuring Against Disaster: The Nuclear Industry on Trial (Macon, 1986); Allen Tullos, Habits of Industry: White Culture and the Transformation of the Carolina Piedmont (Chapel Hill, 1989).
  • VIDEO - Dr. Dale Okorodudu, Black Men In White Coats Episode 13 - YouTube
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  • James Buchanan Duke - Wikipedia
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    • American businessman, founder of the American Tobacco Company
    • James Buchanan Duke (December 23, 1856 '' October 10, 1925) was an American tobacco and electric power industrialist best known for the introduction of modern cigarette manufacture and marketing,[2] and his involvement with Duke University. He was also the founder of the American Tobacco Company in 1890.
    • Early life [ edit ] James Buchanan Duke, known by the nickname "Buck", was born on December 23, 1856, near Durham, North Carolina, to industrialist and philanthropist Washington Duke (1820''1905) and his second wife, Artelia Roney.[3]
    • Business career [ edit ] Duke's father, Washington, had owned a tobacco company that his sons James and Benjamin (1855''1929) took over in the 1880s. In 1885, James Buchanan Duke acquired a license to use the first automated cigarette making machine (invented by James Albert Bonsack), and by 1890, Duke supplied 40% of the American cigarette market (then known as pre-rolled tobacco). In that year, Duke consolidated control of his four major competitors under one corporate entity, the American Tobacco Company, which was a monopoly as he controlled over 90% in the American cigarette market. His robber baron business tactics directly led to the Black Patch Tobacco Wars in 1906-1908.
    • At the start of the 1900s, Duke tried to conquer the British market as he had done the American, eventually forcing the then divided British manufacturers to merge into the Imperial Tobacco Company of Great Britain and Ireland, Ltd (Imperial Tobacco). After two years of intense competition in Great Britain, Imperial Tobacco took the fight to the U.S. market, forcing American Tobacco to look for a settlement. This resulted in an agreement whereby American Tobacco controlled the American trade, Imperial Tobacco controlled the trade in the British territories, and a third, cooperative venture named the British-American Tobacco Company was set up between the two to control the sale of tobacco in the rest of the world.
    • During this time, Duke was repeatedly sued by business partners and shareholders. In 1906, the American Tobacco Company was found guilty of antitrust violations, and was ordered to be split into four separate companies: American Tobacco Company, Liggett & Myers, R. J. Reynolds, and the P. Lorillard Company. In 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld an order breaking up the American Tobacco Company's monopoly. The company was then divided into several smaller enterprises, of which only the British-American Tobacco Company remained in Duke's control.
    • In 1892, the Dukes opened their first textile firm in Durham, North Carolina, which was run by his brother Benjamin. At the turn of the century, Buck organized the American Development Company to acquire land and water rights on the Catawba River. In 1904, he established the Catawba Power Company and the following year he and his brother founded the Southern Power Company, which became known as Duke Power, the precursor to the Duke Energy conglomerate. The company supplied electrical power to the Duke's textile factory and within two decades, their power facilities had been greatly expanded and they were supplying electricity to more than 300 cotton mills and other industrial companies. Duke Power established an electrical grid that supplied cities and towns in the Piedmont Region of North and South Carolina. Lake James, a power-generating reservoir in Western North Carolina, was created by the company in 1928 and named in Duke's honor. Buck Steam Station in Rowan County, North Carolina, built in 1926, was also named for Duke.
    • Personal life [ edit ] Duke was married twice, first in 1904 to Lillian Fletcher McCredy (also known as Lillian Nanette Duke). They divorced in 1906 and had no children. In 1907 he married the widow Nanaline Holt Inman, with whom he had his only child, a daughter, Doris, born November 22, 1912. Doris was raised at Duke Farms located in Hillsborough, New Jersey, where her father had worked with landscapers such as James Leal Greenleaf (a member of the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted), and Horatio Buckenham to transform more than 2,000 acres (8 km2) of farmland and woodlots into an extraordinary landscape containing 2 conservatories, 9 lakes, 35 fountains, 45 buildings, countless pieces of sculpture, over 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and more than 18 miles (29 km) of roadway.[4]
    • Duke died in New York City on October 10, 1925, and is interred with his father and brother in the Memorial Chapel on the campus of Duke University. He resided at his home, Lynnwood in Charlotte, North Carolina during the last five years of his life.[5] It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[6]
    • Philanthropy and will [ edit ] Statue of James B. Duke in front of the West Campus Quad, pictured in July 2008
    • In December 1924, Duke established The Duke Endowment, a $40 million trust fund (equivalent to $604 million in 2020[7]), some of which was to go to Trinity College. The University was renamed Duke University in honor of his father. The James B. Duke Library, the main campus library at Furman University, is also named for him because of his philanthropic relationship with the university.[8]
    • On his death, he left approximately half of his huge estate to the Duke Endowment, adding another $67 million (equivalent to $989 million in 2020[7]) to the trust fund. In the indenture of trust, Duke specified that he wanted the endowment to support Duke University, Davidson College, Furman University, Johnson C. Smith University; not-for-profit hospitals and children's homes in the two Carolinas; and rural United Methodist churches in North Carolina, retired pastors, and their surviving families.
    • Much of the remainder of Duke's approximately $100 million (equivalent to $1.48 billion in 2020[7]) estate went to his daughter Doris Duke, who became "the richest girl in the world".[9] In 1927, Doris sued her mother for control of the family house in Manhattan and won.[10] Doris also successfully sued for control of the Duke Farms estate. Associating Duke Farms with fond memories of her father, Doris Duke made few major changes to the property other than the adaptation of her father's Conservatory to create Display Gardens in his honor.[11] These gardens showcased her father's extensive sculpture collection and were open to the public from 1964 until closed by her foundation trustees in May 2008.[12]
    • Further reading [ edit ] Duke, D.W. (2014). The Duke Legacy. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4917-2621-1. OCLC 875351886. Durden, Robert F. (2003). Bold Entrepreneur: A Life of James B. Duke. Carolina Academic PressJenkins, John Wilbur (1927). James B. Duke: Master Builder. George H. Doran CompanyKremer, William (November 13, 2012). "James Buchanan Duke: Father of the modern cigarette", BBC News MagazineSobel, Robert (1974). "James Buchanan Duke: Opportunism Is the Spur". The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition. New York: Weybright & Talley. pp. 148''194. ISBN 0-679-40064-8. References [ edit ] ^ Klepper, Michael; Gunther, Michael (1996), The Wealthy 100: From Benjamin Franklin to Bill Gates'--A Ranking of the Richest Americans, Past and Present, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0-8065-1800-8, OCLC 33818143 ^ Kremer, William (November 13, 2012). "James Buchanan Duke: Father of the Modern Cigarette". BBC News . Retrieved November 13, 2012 . ^ "The Duke Family and its Legacy". Duke Endowment. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008 . Retrieved June 2, 2008 . ^ "History". Duke Farms. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008 . Retrieved February 11, 2008 . ^ Davyd Foard Hood and Joe Mobley (n.d.). "James Buchanan Duke House" (PDF) . National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office . Retrieved February 1, 2015 . ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010. ^ a b c 1634''1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF) . American Antiquarian Society. 1700''1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF) . American Antiquarian Society. 1800''present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800''" . Retrieved January 1, 2020 . ^ James Duke, Philanthropy Hall of Fame ^ Pace, Eric (October 29, 1993). "Doris Duke, 80, Heiress Whose Great Wealth Couldn't Buy Happiness, Is Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved July 29, 2021 . ^ "Doris Duke, 14, Gets $1,600,000 House" (PDF) . The New York Times. February 11, 1927. p. 12. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved July 29, 2021 . ^ "The Gardens at Duke Farms". Skylands Visitor Guide . Retrieved June 2, 2008 . ^ "Duke Farms Promotes 'Greener' Future" (Press release). Duke Farms. March 2, 2008. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008 . Retrieved April 14, 2008 . it's the final months of the gardens being on display in the greenhouses that have enchanted visitors since 1964 External links [ edit ] James Buchanan Duke at Find a Grave
  • Duke University - Wikipedia
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    • Private university in Durham, North Carolina, United States
    • Duke UniversityLatin: Universitas Dukiana[1]Former names
    • Brown School (1838''1841)Union Institute (1841''1851)Normal College (1851''1859)Trinity College (1859''1924)MottoEruditio et Religio (Latin)[1]Motto in English
    • "Knowledge and Faith"[2]TypePrivate research universityEstablished1838 ; 183 years ago ( 1838 ) AccreditationSACSReligious affiliation
    • United Methodist Church[3][4][5][6]Academic affiliations
    • Endowment$12.7 billion (2021)[7] (The university is also the primary beneficiary (32%) of the independent $3.69 billion Duke Endowment)[8]Budget$2.8 billion (FY 2020)[9]PresidentVincent Price[10]ProvostSally KornbluthAcademic staff
    • 3,870 (Fall 2019)[11]Administrative staff
    • 8,880 campus employees41,206 total campus & health system employees (Fall 2019)[11]Students15,634 (Fall 2019)[11]Undergraduates6,526 (Fall 2019)[11]Postgraduates9,108 (Fall 2019)[11]Location,North Carolina
    • ,United States
    • 36°0'²4'"N 78°56'²20'"W >> / >> 36.00111°N 78.93889°W >> / 36.00111; -78.93889 Coordinates: 36°0'²4'"N 78°56'²20'"W >> / >> 36.00111°N 78.93889°W >> / 36.00111; -78.93889 CampusLarge City,[12] 8,693 acres (35.18 km2)[11]NewspaperThe ChronicleColors Duke Blue White[13][14]NicknameBlue DevilsSporting affiliations
    • NCAA Division I FBS '' ACCMascotBlue DevilWebsite www.duke.edu Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.[15] In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke.
    • The campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and a marine lab in Beaufort. The West Campus'--designed largely by architect Julian Abele, an African American architect who graduated first in his class at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design'--incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot (64-meter) Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of elevation, is adjacent to the Medical Center. East Campus, 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) away, home to all first-years, contains Georgian-style architecture. The university administers two concurrent schools in Asia, Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore (established in 2005) and Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China (established in 2013).[16]
    • Duke is ranked among the top universities in the United States. The undergraduate admissions are among the most selective in the country, with an overall acceptance rate of 5.7% for the class of 2025.[17] Duke spends more than $1 billion per year on research, making it one of the ten largest research universities in the United States.[18] More than a dozen faculty regularly appear on annual lists of the world's most-cited researchers.[19] As of 2019[update], 15 Nobel laureates and 3 Turing Award winners have been affiliated with the university. Duke alumni also include 50 Rhodes Scholars, the third highest number of Churchill Scholars of any university (behind Princeton and Harvard), and the fifth-highest number of Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall Scholars of any American university between 1986 and 2015.[20] Duke is the alma mater of one president of the United States (Richard Nixon) and 14 living billionaires.[21]
    • Duke is the second-largest private employer in North Carolina, with more than 39,000 employees.[22][23] The university has been ranked as an excellent employer by several publications.[24][25]
    • History [ edit ] Beginnings [ edit ] One of the first buildings on the original Durham campus (
    • East Campus), the Washington Duke Building ("Old Main"), was destroyed by a fire in 1911
    • Duke first opened in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity.[26] Organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, Brown's Schoolhouse became the Union Institute Academy in 1841 when North Carolina issued a charter. The academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church.[26] In 1892, Trinity College moved to Durham, largely due to generosity from Julian S. Carr and Washington Duke, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco and electrical industries.[15] Carr donated land in 1892 for the original Durham campus, which is now known as East Campus. At the same time, Washington Duke gave the school $85,000 for an initial endowment and construction costs'--later augmenting his generosity with three separate $100,000 contributions in 1896, 1899, and 1900'--with the stipulation that the college "open its doors to women, placing them on an equal footing with men."[27]
    • In 1924 Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment with a $40 million trust fund. Income from the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, and four colleges (including Trinity College). William Preston Few, the president of Trinity at the time, insisted that the institution be renamed Duke University to honor the family's generosity and to distinguish it from the myriad other colleges and universities carrying the "Trinity" name. At first, James B. Duke thought the name change would come off as self-serving, but eventually, he accepted Few's proposal as a memorial to his father.[15] Money from the endowment allowed the University to grow quickly. Duke's original campus, East Campus, was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Collegiate Gothic-style buildings on the campus one mile (1.6 km) west were completed, and construction on West Campus culminated with the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935.[28]
    • James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment, which provides funds to numerous institutions, including Duke University
    • In 1878, Trinity (in Randolph County) awarded A.B. degrees to three sisters'--Mary, Persis, and Theresa Giles'--who had studied both with private tutors and in classes with men. With the relocation of the college in 1892, the Board of Trustees voted to again allow women to be formally admitted to classes as day students. At the time of Washington Duke's donation in 1896, which carried the requirement that women be placed "on an equal footing with men" at the college, four women were enrolled; three of the four were faculty members' children. In 1903 Washington Duke wrote to the Board of Trustees withdrawing the provision, noting that it had been the only limitation he had ever put on a donation to the college. A woman's residential dormitory was built in 1897 and named the Mary Duke Building, after Washington Duke's daughter. By 1904, fifty-four women were enrolled in the college. In 1930, the Woman's College was established as a coordinate to the men's undergraduate college, which had been established and named Trinity College in 1924.[29]
    • Expansion and growth [ edit ] Engineering, which had been taught at Duke since 1903, became a separate school in 1939. The university president's official residence, the J. Deryl Hart House, was completed in 1934. In athletics, Duke hosted and competed in the first Rose Bowl ever played outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942; the second such game was played in Arlington, Texas, in 2021, moved as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[26][30] During World War II, Duke was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission.[31] In 1963 the Board of Trustees officially desegregated the undergraduate college.[32]
    • Duke enrolled its first black graduate students in 1961.[33] The school did not admit Black undergraduates until September 1963. The teaching staff remained all-White until 1966.[34]
    • Increased activism on campus during the 1960s prompted Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at the University in November 1964 on the progress of the Civil Rights Movement. Following Douglas Knight's resignation from the office of university president, Terry Sanford, the former governor of North Carolina, was elected president of the university in 1969, propelling The Fuqua School of Business' opening, the William R. Perkins library completion, and the founding of the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs (now the Sanford School of Public Policy). The separate Woman's College merged back with Trinity as the liberal arts college for both men and women in 1972.
    • Beginning in the 1970s, Duke administrators began a long-term effort to strengthen Duke's reputation both nationally and internationally. Interdisciplinary work was emphasized, as was recruiting minority faculty and students. During this time it also became the birthplace of the first Physician Assistant degree program in the United States.[35][36][37] Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union building was fully constructed two years later. In 1986 the men's soccer team captured Duke's first National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) championship, and the men's basketball team followed shortly thereafter with championships in 1991 and 1992, then again in 2001, 2010, and 2015.
    • Duke Forward, a seven-year fundraising campaign, raised $3.85 billion by August 2017.[38]
    • Recent history [ edit ] In 2014, Duke removed the name of Charles B. Aycock, a white-supremacist governor of North Carolina, from an undergraduate dormitory.[40] It is now known as the East Residence Hall.
    • On August 19, 2017, following the violent clashes at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, the statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee was removed from the entrance to the Duke University Chapel, after having been vandalized by protesters.[41][42][43]
    • In August 2020, the first undergraduates from Duke Kunshan University arrived for their study abroad on Duke's campus. Due to COVID-19, Chinese Duke undergraduate and graduate students unable to travel to the United States were reciprocally hosted at the Duke Kunshan campus.[44]
    • Controversies [ edit ] In 2006, three men's lacrosse team members were falsely accused of rape,[45][46] which garnered significant media attention.[47] On April 11, 2007, North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper dropped all charges and declared the three players innocent. Cooper stated that the charged players were victims of a "tragic rush to accuse."[48][49] The District Attorney, Mike Nifong, was subsequently disbarred.[50]
    • In 2019, Duke paid $112.5 Million to settle False Claims Act allegations related to scientific research misconduct. A researcher at the school was falsifying or fabricating research data, in order to win grants for financial gain. The researcher was arrested in 2013 on charges of embezzling funds from the university. The scheme was exposed by the allegations made through a lawsuit, filed by a whistleblower, who had worked as a Duke employee, and discovered the false data.[51][52]
    • In response to the misconduct settlement, Duke established an advisory panel of academics from Caltech, Stanford and Rockefeller University. Based on the recommendations of this panel, the Duke Office of Scientific Integrity (DOSI) was established under the leadership of Lawrence Carin, an engineering professor who is one of the world's leading experts on machine learning and artificial intelligence[53] The establishment of this office brings Duke's research practices in line with those at peer institutions like Johns Hopkins University.[54]
    • Campus [ edit ] Duke Chapel, an icon for the university, can seat nearly 1,600 people and contains a 5,200-pipe organ
    • Duke University currently owns 256 buildings on 8,693 acres (35.18 km2) of land, which includes the 7,044 acres (28.51 km2) Duke Forest.[11] The campus is divided into four main areas: West, East, and Central campuses and the Medical Center, which are all connected via a free bus service. On the Atlantic coast in Beaufort, Duke owns 15 acres (61,000 m2) as part of its marine lab. One of the major public attractions on the main campus is the 54-acre (220,000 m2) Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the 1930s.[11]
    • Duke students often refer to the campus as "the Gothic Wonderland," a nickname referring to the Collegiate Gothic architecture of West Campus.[55][56][57] Much of the campus was designed by Julian Abele, one of the first prominent African-American architects and the chief designer in the offices of architect Horace Trumbauer.[58] The residential quadrangles are of an early and somewhat unadorned design, while the buildings in the academic quadrangles show influences of the more elaborate late French and Italian styles. The freshmen campus, known as East Campus, is composed of buildings in the Georgian architecture style. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed Duke among the most beautiful college campuses in the United States.[59]
    • The stone used for West Campus has seven primary colors and seventeen shades of color.[60] The university supervisor of planning and construction wrote that the stone has "an older, more attractive antique effect" and a "warmer and softer coloring than the Princeton stone" that gave the university an "artistic look."[60] James B. Duke initially suggested the use of stone from a quarry in Princeton, New Jersey, but later amended the plans to purchase a local quarry in Hillsborough to reduce costs.[60] Duke Chapel stands at the center of West Campus on the highest ridge. Constructed from 1930 to 1935, the chapel seats 1,600 people and, at 210 feet (64 m) is one of the tallest buildings in Durham County.[61]
    • A number of construction projects in recent years include renovations to Duke Chapel, Wallace Wade Stadium (football) and Cameron Indoor Stadium (basketball).[62]
    • In early 2014, the Nicholas School of the Environment opened a new home, Environmental Hall,[63] a five-story, glass-and-concrete building that incorporates the highest sustainable features and technologies, and meets or exceeds the criteria for LEED platinum certification. The School of Nursing in April 2014 opened a new 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m2) addition to the Christine Siegler Pearson Building.[64] In summer 2014, a number of construction projects were completed.[65] The project is part of the final phase of renovations to Duke's West Campus libraries that have transformed one of the university's oldest and most recognizable buildings into a state-of-the-art research facility. The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library reopened in August 2015 after about $60 million in renovations to the sections of the building built in 1928 and 1948. The renovations include more space, technology upgrades and new exhibits.[66]In 2013, construction projects included transforming buildings like Gross Hall and Baldwin Auditorium, plus new construction such as the Events Pavilion. About 125,000 sq ft (11,600 m2) was updated at Gross Hall, including new lighting and windows and a skylight.[67] Baldwin's upgrades include a larger stage, more efficient air conditioning for performers and audience and enhanced acoustics that will allow for the space to be "tuned" to each individual performance.[68] The 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) Events Pavilion opened to students in 2013 and serves as temporary dining space while the West Campus Union undergoes major renovations, expected to be completed in the spring of 2016.From February 2001 to November 2005, Duke spent $835 million on 34 major construction projects as part of a five-year strategic plan, "Building on Excellence."[69] Completed projects since 2002 include major additions to the business, law, nursing, and divinity schools, a new library, the Nasher Museum of Art, a football training facility, two residential buildings, an engineering complex, a public policy building, an eye institute, two genetic research buildings, a student plaza, the French Family Science Center, and two new medical-research buildings.[70]
    • In early 2012, the Duke Cancer Center opened next to Duke Hospital in Durham.[71] The patient care facility consolidates nearly all of Duke's outpatient clinical care services.
    • West, East, and Central Campuses [ edit ] See main article, Duke University West Campus
    • The Gothic Reading Room of Perkins Library
    • West Campus, considered the main campus of the University, houses the sophomores and juniors, along with some seniors.[72] Most of the academic and administrative centers are located there. Main West Campus, with Duke Chapel at its center, contains the majority of residential quads to the south, while the main academic quad, library, and Medical Center are to the north. The campus, spanning 720 acres (2.9 km2), includes Science Drive, which is the location of science and engineering buildings. The residential quads on West Campus are Craven Quad, Crowell Quad, Edens Quad, Few Quad, Keohane Quad, Kilgo Quad, and Wannamaker Quad.[73] Most of the campus eateries and sports facilities'--including the historic basketball stadium, Cameron Indoor Stadium'--are on West Campus.[74]
    • East Campus, the original location of Duke after it moved to Durham,[75] functions as a first-year campus, housing the university's freshmen dormitories as well as the home of several academic departments. Since the 1995''96 academic year, all freshmen'--and only freshmen, except for upperclassmen serving as Resident Assistants'--have lived on East Campus, an effort to build class unity. The campus encompasses 172 acres (700,000 m2) and is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from West Campus.[11] African and African American Studies, Art History, History, Cultural Anthropology, Literature, Music, Philosophy, and Women's Studies are housed on East.[75] Programs such as dance, drama, education, film, and the University Writing Program reside on East. The self-sufficient East Campus contains the freshmen residence halls, a dining hall, coffee shop, post office, Lilly Library, Baldwin Auditorium, a theater, Brodie Gym, tennis courts, several disc golf baskets, and a walking track as well as several academic buildings.[75] The East Campus dorms are Alspaugh, Basset, Bell Tower, Blackwell, Brown, East House (formerly known as Aycock), Epworth, Gilbert-Addoms, Giles, Jarvis, Pegram, Randolph, Southgate, Trinity, and Wilson.[76] Separated from downtown by a short walk, the area was the site of the Women's College from 1930 to 1972.[75]
    • Central Campus, consisting of 122 acres (0.49 km2) between East and West campuses, housed around 1,000 sophomores, juniors, and seniors, as well as around 200 professional students in double or quadruple apartments.[77] However, the housing of undergraduates on Central Campus ended after the 2018''2019 school year.[78] Central Campus is home to the Nasher Museum of Art, the Freeman Center for Jewish Life, the Center for Muslim Life, the Duke Police Department, the Duke Office of Disability Management, a Ronald McDonald House, and administrative departments such as Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Central Campus has several recreation and social facilities such as basketball courts, a sand volleyball court, a turf field, barbecue grills and picnic shelters, a general gathering building called "Devil's Den", a restaurant known as "Devil's Bistro", a convenience store called Uncle Harry's, and the Mill Village. The Mill Village consists of a gym and group study rooms.[77][79]
    • Other key places [ edit ] The Sarah P. Duke Gardens attract more than 300,000 visitors each year
    • Duke Forest, established in 1931, consists of 7,044 acres (28.51 km2) in six divisions, just west of West Campus.[11] The largest private research forest in North Carolina and one of the largest in the nation,[80] the Duke Forest demonstrates a variety of forest stand types and silvicultural treatments. Duke Forest is used extensively for research and includes the Aquatic Research Facility, Forest Carbon Transfer and Storage (FACTS-I) research facility, two permanent towers suitable for micrometeorological studies, and other areas designated for animal behavior and ecosystem study.[81] More than 30 miles (48 km) of trails are open to the public for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding.[82]The Duke Lemur Center, located inside the Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered strepsirrhine primates.[83] Founded in 1966, the Duke Lemur Center spans 85 acres (34 ha) and contains nearly 300 animals of 25 different species of lemurs, galagos and lorises.[84]
    • Entrance to the Medical Center from West Campus
    • The Sarah P. Duke Gardens, established in the early 1930s, is situated between West Campus and Central Campus. The gardens occupy 55 acres (22 ha), divided into four major sections:[85] the original Terraces and their surroundings; the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, devoted to flora of the Southeastern United States; the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, housing plants of Eastern Asia, as well as disjunct species found in Eastern Asia and Eastern North America; and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. There are five miles (8.0 km) of all(C)es and paths throughout the gardens.[85]
    • Duke University Medical Center, bordering Duke's West Campus northern boundary, combines one of the top-rated hospitals[86] and one of the top-ranked medical schools[87] in the U.S. Founded in 1930, the Medical Center occupies eight million square feet (740,000 m2) in 99 buildings on 210 acres (85 ha).[88]
    • Duke University Marine Laboratory, located in the town of Beaufort, North Carolina, is also technically part of Duke's campus. The marine lab is situated on Pivers Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, 150 yards (140 m) across the channel from Beaufort. Duke's interest in the area began in the early 1930s and the first buildings were erected in 1938.[89] The resident faculty represent the disciplines of oceanography, marine biology, marine biomedicine, marine biotechnology, and coastal marine policy and management. The Marine Laboratory is a member of the National Association of Marine Laboratories.[89] In May 2014, the newly built Orrin H. Pilkey Marine Research Laboratory was dedicated.[90]
    • Singapore and China [ edit ] The logo of Duke Kunshan University
    • In April 2005, Duke and the National University of Singapore signed a formal agreement under which the two institutions would partner to establish the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore.[91][92] Duke-NUS is intended to complement the National University of Singapore's existing undergraduate medical school, and had its first entering class in 2007.[93] The curriculum is based on that of the Duke University School of Medicine. 60% of matriculates are from Singapore and 40% are from over 20 countries. The school is part of the National University of Singapore system, but distinct in that it is overseen by a Governing Board, including a Duke representative who has veto power over any academic decision made by the Board.[94][92]
    • In 2013,[95]Duke Kunshan University (abbreviated "DKU"), a partnership between Duke University, Wuhan University, and the city of Kunshan, was established in Kunshan, China. The university runs Duke degree graduate programs and an undergraduate liberal arts college. Undergraduates are awarded degrees from both Duke Kunshan University and Duke University upon graduation and become members of Duke and DKU's alumni organizations.[96] DKU conducted research projects on climate change, health-care policy and tuberculosis prevention and control.[97]
    • Administration and organization [ edit ] Duke University has 12 schools and institutes, three of which host undergraduate programs: Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Pratt School of Engineering, and Duke Kunshan University.[98][99]
    • The university has "historical, formal, ongoing, and symbolic ties" with the United Methodist Church, but is a nonsectarian and independent institution.[100][5][6][4]
    • Duke's endowment had a market value of $8.6 billion in the fiscal year that ended June 30, 2019.[7] The University's special academic facilities include an art museum, several language labs, the Duke Forest, the Duke Herbarium, a lemur center, a phytotron, a free-electron laser, a nuclear magnetic resonance machine, a nuclear lab, and a marine lab. Duke is a leading participant in the National Lambda Rail Network and runs a program for gifted children known as the Talent Identification Program.[101][102]
    • Academics [ edit ] Entrance to Bostock Library, which opened in the fall of 2005
    • Admissions [ edit ] Admission to Duke is defined by U.S. News & World Report as "most selective." Duke received nearly 50,000 applications for the Class of 2025, with an overall acceptance rate of 5.7%.[17] The yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend) for the Class of 2023 was 54%.[103] The Class of 2024 had an ACT range of 34-35 and an SAT range of 1500''1570.[104] (Test score ranges account for the 25th-75th percentile of accepted students.)
    • From 2001 to 2011, Duke has had the sixth highest number of Fulbright, Rhodes, Truman, and Goldwater scholarships in the nation among private universities.[105][106][107][108] The University practices need-blind admissions and meets 100% of admitted students' demonstrated needs. About 50 percent of all Duke students receive some form of financial aid, which includes need-based aid, athletic aid, and merit aid. The average need-based grant for the 2018''19 academic year was $53,255.[11] In 2020, a study by the Chronicle of Higher Education ranked Duke first on its list of "Colleges That Are the Most Generous to the Financially Neediest Students".[109]
    • Roughly 60 merit-based full-tuition scholarships are offered, including the Angier B. Duke Memorial Scholarship awarded for academic excellence, the Benjamin N. Duke Scholarship awarded for community service, and the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program, a joint scholarship and leadership development program granting full student privileges at both Duke and UNC-Chapel Hill. Other scholarships are geared toward students in North Carolina, African-American students, children of alumni, and high-achieving students requiring financial aid.[110]
    • Part of the Divinity School addition, Goodson Chapel
    • Graduate profile [ edit ] In 2009, the School of Medicine received 5,166 applications[111] and accepted approximately 4% of them,[112] while the average GPA and ACT scores for accepted students from 2002 through 2009 were 3.74 and 34, respectively.[113][114] The School of Law accepted approximately 13% of its applicants for the Class of 2014, while enrolling students had a median GPA of 3.75 and median LSAT of 170.[115]
    • The University's graduate and professional schools include the Graduate School, the Pratt School of Engineering, the Nicholas School of the Environment, the School of Medicine, the Duke-NUS Medical School, the School of Nursing, the Fuqua School of Business, the School of Law, the Divinity School, and the Sanford School of Public Policy.[116]
    • Undergraduate curriculum [ edit ] Duke offers 46 arts and sciences majors, four engineering majors, 52 minors (including two in engineering) and Program II, which allows students to design their own interdisciplinary major in arts & sciences, and IDEAS, which allows students to design their own engineering major.[117] Twenty-four certificate programs also are available.[117] Students pursue a major and can pursue a combination of a total of up to three, including minors, certificates, and/or a second major. Eighty-five percent of undergraduates enroll in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences. The balance enroll in Duke's Pratt School of Engineering.[118] Undergraduates at Duke Kunshan can choose from 15 interdisciplinary majors approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education,[119] and more majors are in the process of approval, including new major in behavioral science.[120]
    • Trinity College of Arts and Sciences [ edit ] Trinity's curriculum operates under the revised version of "Curriculum 2000."[121] The curriculum aims to help students develop critical faculties and judgment by learning how to access, synthesize, and communicate knowledge effectively. The intent is to assist students in acquiring perspective on current and historical events, conducting research and solving problems, and developing tenacity and a capacity for hard and sustained work.[121] Freshmen can elect to participate in the FOCUS Program, which allows students to engage in an interdisciplinary exploration of a specific topic in a small group setting in their first semesters.[122]
    • Pratt School of Engineering [ edit ] The curriculum of Duke's Pratt School of Engineering, significantly transformed in recent years, immerses students in design, computing, research, and entrepreneurship '-- but still accommodates educational opportunities, including double majors, in a variety of disciplines from across Duke.[123] The school emphasizes undergraduate research opportunities with faculty. Research and design opportunities arise through a real-world design course for first-year students,[124] internships, independent study and research fellowships,[125] and through design-focused capstone courses. More than 60 percent of Duke Engineering undergraduates have an intensive research experience during their four years, and nearly a fifth publish or present a research paper off-campus. Nearly 54 percent of Duke Engineering undergraduates intern or study abroad. Eighty-five percent have jobs or job offers at the time of graduation.[126]
    • Duke Kunshan University [ edit ] Duke Kunshan's undergraduate curriculum focuses heavily on interdisciplinary coursework and majors.[127] Noah M. Pickus, Associate Provost and Senior Advisor at Duke and Dean of Undergraduate Curricula Affairs and Faculty Development at Duke Kunshan University, oversaw the development of the university's future-focused, internationalized curriculum.[128]
    • Libraries and museums [ edit ] Duke Libraries includes the Perkins, Bostock, and Rubenstein Libraries on West Campus, the Lilly and Music Libraries on East Campus, the Pearse Memorial Library at the Duke Marine Lab, and the separately administered libraries serving the schools of business, divinity, law, medicine, and Duke Kunshan University.[129]
    • Duke's art collections are housed at the Nasher Museum of Art on Central Campus. The museum was designed by Rafael Vi±oly and is named for Duke alumnus and art collector Raymond Nasher. The museum opened in 2005 at a cost of over $23 million and contains over 13,000 works of art, including works by William Cordova, Marlene Dumas, Olafur Eliasson, David Hammons, Barkley L. Hendricks, Christian Marclay, Kerry James Marshall, Alma Thomas, Hank Willis Thomas, Bob Thompson, Kara Walker, Andy Warhol, Carrie Mae Weems, Ai Weiwei, Fred Wilson, and Lynette Yiadom Boakye.[130]
    • Research [ edit ] The Fitzpatrick Center is home to many of Duke's engineering programs
    • Duke's research expenditures in the 2018 fiscal year were $1.168 billion, the tenth largest in the U.S.[131] In fiscal year 2019 Duke received $571 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health.[132] Duke is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities '' Very high research activity".[133]
    • Throughout the school's history, Duke researchers have made breakthroughs, including the biomedical engineering department's development of the world's first real-time, three-dimensional ultrasound diagnostic system and the first engineered blood vessels and stents.[134] In 2015, Paul Modrich shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 2012, Robert Lefkowitz along with Brian Kobilka, who is also a former affiliate, shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on cell surface receptors.[135] Duke has pioneered studies involving nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and complex systems in physics.
    • In May 2006 Duke researchers mapped the final human chromosome, which made world news as it marked the completion of the Human Genome Project.[136] Reports of Duke researchers' involvement in new AIDS vaccine research surfaced in June 2006.[137] The biology department combines two historically strong programs in botany and zoology, while one of the divinity school's leading theologians is Stanley Hauerwas, whom Time named "America's Best Theologian" in 2001.[138] The graduate program in literature boasts several internationally renowned figures, including Fredric Jameson,[139] Michael Hardt,[140] and Rey Chow, while philosophers Robert Brandon and Lakatos Award-winner Alexander Rosenberg contribute to Duke's ranking as the nation's best program in philosophy of biology, according to the Philosophical Gourmet Report.[141]
    • Rankings and reputation [ edit ] National Program Rankings[151]ProgramRankingBiological Sciences10Business12Chemistry32Clinical Psychology18Computer Science25Earth Sciences46Economics16Engineering23English13History18Law12Mathematics16Medicine: Primary Care26Medicine: Research3Nursing: Doctorate4Nursing: Master's2Nursing''Anesthesia3Physical Therapy7Physician Assistant1Physics28Political Science7Psychology17Public Affairs25Sociology15Statistics12Global Program Rankings[152]ProgramRankingArts & Humanities41Biology & Biochemistry20Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems2Chemistry158Clinical Medicine9Computer Science198Economics & Business16Electrical & Electronic Engineering165Engineering172Environment/Ecology8Geosciences115Immunology24Materials Science91Mathematics50Microbiology11Molecular Biology & Genetics33Neuroscience & Behavior26Oncology16Pharmacology & Toxicology25Physics77Plant & Animal Sciences17Psychiatry/Psychology10Social Sciences & Public Health16Surgery15Built in 1932, Old Chemistry has scientific symbols carved above the main doorway
    • Undergraduate rankings [ edit ] In 2016, The Washington Post ranked Duke 7th overall based on the accumulated weighted average of the rankings from U.S. News & World Report, Washington Monthly, Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education, Times Higher Education (global), Money and Forbes.[153]
    • In 2021, Duke was ranked 5th in the Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings, having risen five places in the past year.[154] In addition, Duke was ranked 2nd for student outcomes. The rankings take into account graduation rate, teaching reputation, graduate salaries, and student debt.[155]
    • In 2020, Duke was ranked 22nd in the world by U.S. News & World Report and 20th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[156][157] QS World University Rankings ranked Duke 52th the world for its 2022 rankings.[158] Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) ranked Duke 20th globally in its 2020-21 report.[159] Duke was ranked 28th best globally by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2019, focusing on quality of scientific research and the number of Nobel Prizes.[160] The 2010 report by the Center for Measuring University Performance puts Duke at 6th in the nation.[161]
    • The 2012 Global Employability Ranking as published by The New York Times surveyed hundreds of chief executives and chairmen from around the world and asked them to select the best universities from which they recruited. Duke placed 26th in the world and 12th in the country.[162][163] Duke also ranked 42nd in the world and 12th in the country on Times Higher Education ' s global employability ranking in 2019.[164]
    • In 2018, Duke enrolled 106 National Merit Scholars, the 19th university in rank by number.[165] Duke ranks 5th among national universities to have produced Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall Scholars.[20] As of 2012[update], Duke graduates have received 25 Churchill Scholarships to the University of Cambridge. Only graduates of Princeton and Harvard have received more Churchill awards.[166] As of 2020, Duke has produced 8 Mitchell Scholars.[167]Kiplinger ' s 50 Best Values in Private Universities 2013''14 ranks Duke at 5th best overall after taking financial aid into consideration.[168]
    • In a 2016 study by Forbes, Duke ranked 11th among universities in the United States that have produced billionaires and 1st among universities in the South.[169] A survey by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education in 2002 ranked Duke as the #1 university in the country in regard to the integration of African American students and faculty.[170] According to a poll of recruiters conducted by The Wall Street Journal, Duke ranks 2nd in terms of producing the best graduates who have received either a marketing or liberal arts degree. In a corporate study carried out by The New York Times, Duke's graduates were shown to be among the most valued in the world,[171] and Forbes magazine ranked Duke 7th in the world on its list of 'power factories' in 2012.[172] Duke was ranked 17th on Thomson Reuters' list of the world's most innovative universities in 2015. The ranking graded universities based on patent volume and research output among other factors.[173] In 2015, NPR ranked Duke first on its list of "schools that make financial sense".[174] Time magazine ranked Duke third on its list of the "Best 50 Colleges for African Americans". The ranking was based on representation, affordability and post-graduate earnings.[175] In 2016, Forbes ranked Duke sixth on its list of "Expensive Schools Worth Every Penny".[176]
    • Duke has also been recognized as the third-best university employer in the country, behind Stanford University and Harvard University.[177]
    • Graduate school rankings [ edit ] Duke has been named one of the top universities for graduate outcomes several years in a row, having tied with Harvard University and Yale University.[178][179] In U.S. News & World Report ' s "America's Best Graduate Schools 2021", Duke's medical school ranked 3rd in research[180] and 26th in primary care.[181] The School of Law was ranked 12th in the 2021 rankings by the same publication,[182] with Duke's nursing school ranked 2nd[183] while the Sanford School of Public Policy ranked 5th in Public Policy Analysis for 2019.[184]Among business schools in the United States, the Fuqua School of Business is ranked tied for 10th overall by U.S. News & World Report for 2020, while BusinessWeek ranked its full-time MBA program 1st in the nation in 2014.[185][186] The graduate programs of Duke's Pratt School of Engineering ranked 24th in the U.S. by U.S. News & World Report in its 2020 rankings.[187]
    • Times Higher Education ranked the mathematics department tenth in the world in 2011.[188] Duke's graduate-level specialties that are ranked among the top ten in the nation include areas in the following departments: biological sciences, medicine, nursing, engineering, law, business, English, history, physics, statistics, public affairs, physician assistant (ranked #1), clinical psychology, political science, and sociology.[189] In 2007, Duke was ranked 22nd in the world by Wuhan University's Research Center for Chinese Science Evaluation. The ranking was based on journal article publication counts and citation frequencies in over 11,000 academic journals from around the world. A 2012 study conducted by academic analytics ranks Duke fourth in the nation (behind only Harvard, Stanford, and MIT) in terms of faculty productivity.[190] In 2013, Duke Law ranked 6th in Forbes magazine's ranking of law schools whose graduates earn the highest starting salaries.[191] In 2013, Duke's Fuqua School of Business was ranked 6th in terms of graduate starting salaries by U.S. News & World Report. In the same year, a ranking compiled by the University of Texas at Dallas ranked Fuqua 5th in the world based on the research productivity of its faculty. The MEM (Masters in Engineering Management) program has been ranked 3rd in the world by Eduniversal[192] In 2013, Forbes ranked Duke 4th in the nation in terms of return on investment (ROI). The ranking used alumni giving as a criterion to determine which private colleges offer the best returns.[193] In 2018, Above the Law ranked Duke Law 3rd in the nation in its ranking of law schools based on employment outcomes.[194] In 2013, Business Insider ranked Duke's Fuqua School of Business 5th in the world based on an extensive survey of hiring professionals.[195] In the same year, Forbes magazine ranked Fuqua 8th in the country based on return on investment. In 2014, Duke was named the 20th best global research university according to rankings published by U.S. News & World Report and the University Ranking by Academic Performance published by Middle East Technical University. The U.S. News ranking was based on 10 indicators that measure academic research performance and global reputations.[196] The University Ranking by Academic Performance uses citation data obtained from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science to rank universities based on research output.[197]
    • Student life [ edit ] Student body [ edit ] Duke's student body consists of 6,526 undergraduates and 9,108 graduate and professional students (as of fall 2019).[11] The median family income of Duke students is $186,700, with 56% of students coming from the top 10% highest-earning families and 17% from the bottom 60%.[200]
    • Residential life [ edit ] Duke requires its students to live on campus for the first three years of undergraduate life, except for a small percentage of second-semester juniors who are exempted by a lottery system.[72] This requirement is justified by the administration as an effort to help students connect more closely with one another and sustain a sense of belonging within the Duke community.[201] Thus, 85% of undergraduates live on campus.[202] All freshmen are housed in one of 14 residences on East Campus. These buildings range in occupancy size from 50 (Epworth'--the oldest residence hall, built in 1892 as "the Inn") to 250 residents (Trinity).[203][204] Most of these are in the Georgian style typical of the East Campus architecture. Although the newer residence halls differ in style, they still relate to East's Georgian heritage. Learning communities connect the residential component of East Campus with students of similar academic and social interests.[205] Similarly, students in FOCUS, a first-year program that features courses clustered around a specific theme, live together in the same residence hall as other students in their cluster.[206]
    • Sophomores and juniors reside on West Campus, while the majority of undergraduate seniors choose to live off campus.[207] West Campus contains six quadrangles'--the four along "Main" West were built in the 1930s, while two newer ones have since been added. Central Campus provided housing for over 1,000 students in apartment buildings, until 2019.[208] All housing on West Campus is organized into "houses"'--sections of residence halls'--to which students can return each year. House residents create their house identities. There are houses of unaffiliated students, as well as wellness houses and living-learning communities that adopt a theme such as the arts or foreign languages. There are also numerous "selective living groups" on campus for students wanting self-selected living arrangements. SLGs are residential groups similar to fraternities or sororities, except they are generally co-ed and unaffiliated with any national organization. Many of them also revolve around a particular interest such as entrepreneurship, civic engagement or African-American or Asian culture. Fifteen fraternities and nine sororities also are housed on campus. Most of the non-fraternity selective living groups are coeducational.[209]
    • Greek and social life [ edit ] Cameron Crazies gathering in K-ville
    • About 30% of undergraduate men and about 40% of undergraduate women at Duke are members of fraternities and sororities.[202] Most of the 17 Interfraternity Council recognized fraternity chapters live in sections within the residence halls. Eight National Pan-Hellenic Council (historically African American) fraternities and sororities also hold chapters at Duke.[210] The first historically African American Greek letter organization at Duke University was the Omega Psi Phi, Omega Zeta chapter, founded on April 12, 1974. In addition, there are seven other fraternities and sororities that are a part of the Inter-Greek Council, the multicultural Greek umbrella organization.[211] Duke also has Selective Living Groups, or SLGs, on campus for students seeking informal residential communities often built around themes. SLGs are residential groups similar to fraternities or sororities, except they are generally co-ed and unaffiliated with any national organizations.[212] Fraternity chapters and SLGs frequently host social events in their residential sections, which are often open to non-members.[213]
    • In the late 1990s, a new keg policy was put into effect that requires all student groups to purchase kegs through Duke Dining Services. According to administrators, the rule change was intended as a way to ensure compliance with alcohol consumption laws as well as to increase on-campus safety.[214] Some students saw the administration's increasingly strict policies as an attempt to alter social life at Duke.[215] As a result, off-campus parties at rented houses became more frequent in subsequent years as a way to avoid Duke policies. Many of these houses were situated in the midst of family neighborhoods, prompting residents to complain about excessive noise and other violations. Police have responded by breaking up parties at several houses, handing out citations, and occasionally arresting party-goers.[216] In the mid-to-late 2000s, the administration made a concerted effort to help students re-establish a robust, on-campus social life and has worked with numerous student groups, especially the Duke University Union, to feature a wide array of events and activities. In March 2006, the university purchased 15 houses in the Trinity Park area that Duke students had typically rented and subsequently sold them to individual families in an effort to encourage renovations to the properties and to reduce off-campus partying in the midst of residential neighborhoods.[217][218]
    • Duke athletics, particularly men's basketball, traditionally serves as a significant component of student life. Duke's students have been recognized as some of the most creative and original fans in all of collegiate athletics.[219] Students, often referred to as Cameron Crazies, show their support of the men's basketball team by "tenting" for home games against key Atlantic Coast Conference opponents, especially rival University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).[220] Because tickets to all varsity sports are free to students, they line up for hours before each game, often spending the night on the sidewalk. For a mid-February game against UNC, some of the most eager students might even begin tenting before spring classes begin.[221] The total number of participating tents is capped at 100 (each tent can have up to 12 occupants), though interest is such that it could exceed that number if space permitted.[222] Tenting involves setting up and inhabiting a tent on the grass near Cameron Indoor Stadium, an area known as Krzyzewskiville, or K-Ville for short. There are different categories of tenting based on the length of time and number of people who must be in the tent.[222] At night, K-Ville often turns into the scene of a party or occasional concert.[223]
    • Activities [ edit ] Student organizations [ edit ] Duke's West Campus Union building has restaurants, offices, and some administrative departments.
    • The Chronicle's editorial office, the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture, and the Center for
    • LGBT Life are all located in the Union.
    • More than 400 student clubs and organizations operate on Duke's campus.[224] These include numerous student government, special interest, and service organizations.[225] Duke Student Government (DSG) charters and provides most of the funding for other student groups and represents students' interests when dealing with the administration.[226] The Duke University Union (DUU) is the school's primary programming organization, serving a center of social, cultural, intellectual and recreational life.[227] There are a number of student-run businesses operating on campus, including Campus Enterprises, which offer students real-world business experience. Cultural groups are provided funding directly from the university via the Multicultural Center as well as other institutional funding sources. One of the most popular activities on campus is competing in sports. Duke has 37 sports clubs, and several intramural teams that are officially recognized. Performance groups such as Hoof 'n' Horn, the country's second-oldest student-run musical theater organization, a cappella groups, student bands, and theater organizations are also prominent on campus.[228] As of the 2016''2017 school year, there are seven a cappella groups recognized by the Duke University A Cappella Council: Deja Blue, Lady Blue, Out of the Blue, the Pitchforks, Rhythm & Blue, Something Borrowed Something Blue, and Speak of the Devil.[229] The Duke University mock trial team won the national championship in 2012.[230] The Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee provides guidance to the administration on issues regarding student dining, life, and restaurant choices.
    • Cultural groups on campus include the Asian Students Association, Blue Devils United (the student lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender group), Black Student Alliance, Diya (South Asian Association), Jewish Life at Duke, Mi Gente (Latino Student Association), International Association/International Council, Muslim Student Association, Native American Student Coalition, Newman Catholic Student Center, Languages Dorm, and Students of the Caribbean.[224][231]
    • Civic engagement [ edit ] The
    • von der Heyden Pavilion is a popular place among students for gathering and studying
    • More than 75 percent of Duke students pursue service-learning opportunities in Durham and around the world through DukeEngage and other programs that advance the university's mission of "knowledge in service to society." Launched in 2007, DukeEngage provides full funding for select Duke undergraduates who wish to pursue an immersive summer of service in partnership with a U.S. or international community. As of summer 2013, more than 2,400 Duke students had volunteered through DukeEngage in 75 nations on six continents. Duke students have created more than 30 service organizations in Durham and the surrounding area. Examples include a weeklong camp for children of cancer patients (Camp Kesem) and a group that promotes awareness about sexual health, rape prevention, alcohol and drug use, and eating disorders (Healthy Devils). The Duke-Durham Neighborhood Partnership, started by the Office of Community Affairs in 1996, attempts to address major concerns of local residents and schools by leveraging university resources.[232] Another community project, "Scholarship with a Civic Mission", is a joint program between the Hart Leadership Program and the Kenan Institute for Ethics.[233] Another program includes Project CHILD, a tutoring program involving 80 first-year volunteers; and an after-school program for at-risk students in Durham that was started with a $2.25 million grant from the Kellogg Foundation in 2002.[234] Two prominent civic engagement pre-orientation programs also exist for incoming freshmen: Project CHANGE and Project BUILD. Project CHANGE is a free weeklong program co-sponsored by the Kenan Institute for Ethics and the Duke Women's Center with the focus on ethical leadership and social change in the Durham community; students are challenged in a variety of ways and work closely with local non-profits.[235] Project BUILD is a freshman volunteering group that dedicates 3,300 hours of service to a variety of projects such as schools, Habitat for Humanity, food banks, substance rehabilitation centers, homeless shelters. Some courses at Duke incorporate service as part of the curriculum to augment material learned in class such as in psychology or education courses (known as service learning courses).[236]
    • Student media [ edit ] The Chronicle, Duke's independent undergraduate daily newspaper, has been continually published since 1905 and now, along with its website, has a readership of about 70,000.[237] Its editors are responsible for selecting the term "Blue Devil". The newspaper won Best in Show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention.[238] Cable 13, established in 1976, is Duke's student-run television station. It is a popular activity for students interested in film production and media.[239] WXDU, licensed in 1983, is the university's nationally recognized, noncommercial FM radio station, operated by student and community volunteers.[240][241]
    • The Chanticleer is Duke University's undergraduate yearbook. It was founded while the institution was still Trinity College in 1911, and was first published in 1912. The yearbook been published continually ever since, apart from 1918 when many students left for military service in World War I. In 1919 the yearbook was titled The Victory to mark the war's end.[242]
    • Alumni [ edit ] Duke's active alumni base of more than 145,000 devote themselves to the university through organizations and events such as the annual Reunion Weekend and Homecoming.[243] There are 75 Duke clubs in the U.S. and 38 such international clubs.[244] For the 2008''09 fiscal year, Duke tied for third in alumni giving rate among U.S. colleges and universities according to U.S. News & World Report.[245] Based on statistics compiled by PayScale in 2011, Duke alumni rank seventh in mid-career median salary among all U.S. colleges and universities.[246]
    • Duke Alumni Association [ edit ] Duke Alumni Association (DAA) is an alumni association automatically available to all Duke graduates. Benefits include alumni events, a global network of regional DAA alumni chapters, educational and travel opportunities and communications such as The Blue Note, social media and Duke Magazine. It provides access to the Duke Lemur Center, Nasher Museum of Art, Duke Rec Centers and other campus facilities.[247]
    • Duke Magazine [ edit ] Duke Magazine, an alumni magazine, is the university's flagship vehicle for stories about the Duke community.[248] It has been published five-six times a year by the Office of Alumni Affairs since 2002.[249]
    • Athletics [ edit ] Teams for then Trinity College were known originally as the Trinity Eleven, the Blue and White or the Methodists. William H. Lander, as editor-in-chief, and Mike Bradshaw, as managing editor, of the Trinity Chronicle began the academic year 1922-23 referring to the athletic teams as the Blue Devils. The Chronicle staff continued its use and through repetition, Blue Devils eventually caught on.
    • The Duke University Athletic Association chairs 27 sports and more than 650 student-athletes. The Blue Devils are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level, the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Atlantic Coast Conference. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, fencing, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, and wrestling; women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, and volleyball.[250]
    • Duke Blue Devils mascot. This is an older design; an updated mascot was introduced in 2008.
    • Duke's teams have won 17 NCAA team national championships'--the women's golf team has won seven (1999, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2014 and 2019), the men's basketball team has won five (1991, 1992, 2001, 2010, and 2015), the men's lacrosse team has won three (2010, 2013, and 2014), and the men's soccer (1986) and women's tennis (2009) teams have won one each.[251] Duke consistently ranks among the top in the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Directors' Cup, an overall measure of an institution's athletic success. For Division I in 2015, Duke finished 20th overall and fifth in the ACC. The Blue Devils have finished within the top 10 six times since the inception of the Cup in 1993''94. Also, Athletic Director Kevin White earned multiple awards in 2014, including the National Football Foundation's John L. Toner Award.[252]
    • On the academic front, nine Duke varsity athletics programs registered a perfect 1,000 score in the NCAA's multi-year Academic Progress Report (APR) released in April 2016.[253]
    • Men's basketball [ edit ] Duke's men's basketball team is one of the nation's most successful basketball programs.[254][255] The team's success has been particularly outstanding over the past 30 years under coach Mike Krzyzewski (often simply called "Coach K"). The Blue Devils are the only team to win five national championships since the NCAA Tournament field was expanded to 64 teams in 1985, 11 Final Fours in the past 25 years, and eight of nine ACC tournament championships from 1999 to 2006. Coach K has also coached the USA men's national basketball team since 2006 and led the team to Olympic golds in 2008, 2012, and 2016. His teams also won World Championship gold in 2010 and 2014. Overall, 32 Duke players[256] have been selected in the first round of the NBA Draft in the Coach K era. More than 50 Duke players have been selected in the NBA Draft.[256]
    • [ edit ] The Blue Devils have won seven ACC Football Championships, have had ten players honored as ACC Player of the Year (the most in the ACC),[257] and have had three Pro Football Hall of Famers come through the program (second in the ACC to only Miami's four). The Blue Devils have produced 11 College Football Hall of Famers, which is tied for the 2nd most in the ACC. Duke has also won 18 total conference championships (7 ACC, 9 Southern Conference, and 1 Big Five Conference). That total is tied with Clemson for the highest in the ACC.[258]
    • The most famous Duke football season came in 1938,[259] when Wallace Wade coached the "Iron Dukes" that shut out all regular season opponents; only three teams in history can claim such a feat.[260] That same year, Duke made their first Rose Bowl appearance, where they lost 7''3 when USC scored a touchdown in the final minute of the game.[259] Wade's Blue Devils lost another Rose Bowl to Oregon State in 1942, this one held at Duke's home stadium due to the attack on Pearl Harbor, which resulted in the fear that a large gathering on the West Coast might be in range of Japanese aircraft carriers.[261] The football program proved successful in the 1950s and 1960s, winning six of the first ten ACC football championships from 1953 to 1962 under coach Bill Murray; the Blue Devils would not win the ACC championship again until 1989 under coach Steve Spurrier.
    • David Cutcliffe was brought in prior to the 2008 season, and amassed more wins in his first season than the previous three years combined. The 2009 team won 5 of 12 games, and was eliminated from bowl contention in the next-to-last game of the season. Mike MacIntyre, the defensive coordinator, was named 2009 Assistant Coach of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA).[264]
    • While the football team has struggled at times on the field, the graduation rate of its players is consistently among the highest among Division I FBS schools. Duke's high graduation rates have earned it more AFCA Academic Achievement Awards than any other institution.[265]
    • In 2012, the Duke football team made its first bowl game appearance since 1994[266] with a win over arch-rival North Carolina, a bowl which they would lose to the Cincinnati Bearcats in the by a score of 48''34.[267]
    • 2013 marked the beginning of the Blue Devils' recent but relative success, having a breakout 10''2, 6-2 (ACC)[268] season while claiming the title of Coastal Division Champions.[269] Duke would go on to play the Florida State Seminoles in the ACC Championship game where they would lose to the national champions 45''7.[270] Duke received an invite to the Chick-fil-a Peach Bowl that same year in which they took on the Texas A&M Aggies led by college football legend Johnny Manziel, losing by a score of 52''48.[271]
    • For the 2014 season, Duke finished 9''3, 5''3 (ACC) and earned a trip to the Sun Bowl,[272] where the Blue Devils lost to the Pac-12's Arizona State 36''31. In 2015, the Detroit Lions drafted Duke offensive guard Laken Tomlinson[273] and the Washington Redskins drafted wide receiver Jamison Crowder.[274] In 2019, Duke quarterback Daniel Jones was drafted 6th overall by the New York Giants.[275]
    • Track and field [ edit ] In 2003 Norm Ogilvie was promoted to Director of Track and Field, and has led athletes to over 60 individual ACC championships, and 81 All-America selections, along with most of the track and field records being broken during his tenure.[276] A new facility, the Morris Williams Track and Field Stadium, opened in 2015.[277]
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Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved May 3, 2011. ^ About FOCUS Archived August 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Duke University. Retrieved August 1, 2011. ^ Bishop, Eric. Record number of seniors to leave campus housing. The Chronicle, July 19, 2005. Retrieved July 7, 2011. ^ Central Campus Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved July 7, 2011. ^ Living Groups on Campus Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Duke Residence Life and Housing Services. Retrieved July 7, 2011. ^ National Pan-Hellenic Council Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Duke University. Retrieved June 28, 2011. ^ Inter-Greek Council Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Duke University. Retrieved June 28, 2011. ^ Current Living Groups. Archived February 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Duke University Student Affairs. Retrieved February 23, 2014. ^ Fraternity Housing Sections Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Duke Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life. Retrieved July 4, 2011. ^ Moulton, Jessica (March 17, 1996). "Keg prices reduced by $10; bartenders remain expensive". The Chronicle. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ DeLuca, Jerry and Vrettos, Christopher. Honestly, the administration wants no kegs Archived March 1, 2013, at archive.today. The Chronicle. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ Mueller, Jared. Buchanan Blues. The Chronicle, April 29, 2006. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ Eaglin, Adam. Duke to sell 5 off-East houses. The Chronicle, June 1, 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2011. ^ Englander, Dan (February 28, 2006). "University buys off-East houses". The Chronicle . Retrieved April 9, 2017 . ^ Cameron's Craziest. ESPN, 2002. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ Nathan, Vignesh. K-Ville Bills: One Student's Plan to Better Tenting Archived October 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Towerview Magazine, February 9, 2011. ^ McCartney, Ryan. DSG presents a revised draft of tenting policy. The Chronicle, October 26, 2005. Retrieved August 1, 2011. ^ a b Brill, Bill. Duke basketball: 100 seasons: a legacy of achievement, p. 97. Sports Publishing L.L.C, 2004. Retrieved August 25, 2011. ^ McDonald, Amy (February 17, 2015). "A Fiery Duke Tradition". Duke University Library. Duke University . Retrieved April 29, 2021 . ^ a b Duke Student Organizations Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Duke Student Affairs. Retrieved July 4, 2011. ^ Non-profit organization. Archived July 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine , Duke University Office of Student Activities and Facilities, July 1, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2011. ^ Duke Student Government. Duke Student Government. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ About DUU. Archived August 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Duke University Union. Retrieved August 22, 2011. ^ Hoof 'n' Horn. Duke Hoof 'n' Horn. 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Archived February 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine ^ Top US Colleges '' Graduate Salary Statistics Archived July 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. PayScale. Retrieved July 29, 2011. ^ "Alumni Benefits". Duke Alumni Association . Retrieved November 13, 2017 . ^ "History and Mission". Duke magazine. Duke Alumni Association . Retrieved November 13, 2017 . ^ "Archives". Duke magazine. Duke Alumni Association . Retrieved November 13, 2017 . ^ "Duke University Blue Devils | Official Athletics Site '' GoDuke.com". www.goduke.com . Retrieved September 8, 2017 . ^ "Duke National Championships". Duke University . Retrieved May 27, 2014 . ^ Foundation, National Football. "Duke AD Kevin White Named 2014 Recipient of NFF John L. Toner Award > National Football Foundation > NewsDetail". www.footballfoundation.org. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017 . Retrieved September 8, 2017 . ^ "Nine Duke Teams Post Perfect APR Scores" . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ All-Time Winningest Teams. NCAA, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2011. ^ Beard, Aaron. Duke: Lakers, Krzyzewski discussing coaching vacancy. Associated Press, July 2, 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2011. ^ a b "Duke Players in the NBA '' RealGM". basketball.realgm.com . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ "ACC Champions" (PDF) . 2007 Atlantic Coast Conference Media Guide. Atlantic Coast Conference: 93. 2007 . Retrieved January 13, 2011 . ^ Colleges '' Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pro Football Hall of Fame, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2011. ^ a b Young, Jim. The 1938 Iron Dukes: A Lasting Legacy Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Duke Magazine, July/August 2003. Retrieved July 11, 2011. ^ Iron Dukes: Providing Scholarship Support for the Duke Student-Athlete. Iron Dukes. Retrieved June 21, 2011. ^ King, William E. The 1942 Durham Rose Bowl. Duke University Archives. Retrieved January 12, 2011. ^ "MacIntyre Named National Assistant Coach of the Year". GoDuke.com. November 18, 2009 . Retrieved March 26, 2011 . ^ Notre Dame Receives 2007 American Football Coaches Association's Academic Achievement Award Archived January 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Notre Dame Athletics, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2011. ^ "Great catch lifts Duke to bowl eligibility for first time since 1994". USA TODAY . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "Late fumble costs Duke as Cincinnati wins Belk Bowl". USA TODAY . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "2013 Duke Blue Devils Schedule Stats". ESPN . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "ACC Coastal Division Champs! Duke Beats UNC 27-25". Duke University . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "Duke vs. Florida State - Game Summary - December 7, 2013". ESPN.com . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "Duke vs. Texas A&M - Game Summary - December 31, 2013". ESPN.com . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "Arizona State the superior Devils" . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ "2015 NFL Draft Profile: Laken Tomlinson". NFL.com . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ "2015 NFL Draft Profile: Jamison Crowder". NFL.com . Retrieved February 13, 2018 . ^ "NFL Draft & Combine Profile - Daniel Jones". NFL.com . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ "Norm Ogilvie Bio". goduke.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016 . Retrieved April 18, 2016 . ^ "Morris Williams Track & Field Stadium Opens Monday". goduke.com. January 16, 2015. External links [ edit ] Official website Duke Athletics websiteLinks to related articles
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    • 1991 novel by Bret Easton Ellis
    • American Psycho is a novel by Bret Easton Ellis, published in 1991. The story is told in the first person by Patrick Bateman, a serial killer and Manhattan investment banker. Alison Kelly of The Observer notes that while "some countries [deem it] so potentially disturbing that it can only be sold shrink-wrapped", "critics rave about it" and "academics revel in its transgressive and postmodern qualities".[3]
    • A film adaptation starring Christian Bale as Patrick Bateman was released in 2000 to generally favorable reviews.[4] In 2008, it was confirmed that producers David Johnson and Jesse Singer were developing a musical adaptation[5] of the novel to appear on Broadway. The musical premiered at the Almeida Theatre, London in December 2013.
    • Development [ edit ] Author Bret Easton Ellis initially imagined a disillusioned but nonviolent protagonist. After a dinner with friends who worked on Wall Street, he decided to make him a serial killer. Patrick Bateman's idolization of Donald Trump is based on his friends' respect for and envy of the mogul.[6][7] Ellis researched murders at the New York Public Library. His first draft of American Psycho left out all the grisly scenes, which were to be added in later. In 2010, in conversation with journalist Jeff Baker, Ellis commented:
    • [Bateman] was crazy the same way [I was]. He did not come out of me sitting down and wanting to write a grand sweeping indictment of yuppie culture. It initiated because of my own isolation and alienation at a point in my life. I was living like Patrick Bateman. I was slipping into a consumerist kind of void that was supposed to give me confidence and make me feel good about myself but just made me feel worse and worse and worse about myself. That is where the tension of American Psycho came from. It wasn't that I was going to make up this serial killer on Wall Street. High concept. Fantastic. It came from a much more personal place, and that's something that I've only been admitting in the last year or so. I was so on the defensive because of the reaction to that book that I wasn't able to talk about it on that level.[8]
    • '--'‰Bret Easton Ellis
    • Plot [ edit ] Set in Manhattan during the Wall Street boom of the late 1980s, American Psycho follows the life of wealthy young investment banker Patrick Bateman. Bateman, in his mid-20s when the story begins, narrates his everyday activities, from his recreational life among the Wall Street elite of New York to his forays into murder by night. Through present tense stream-of-consciousness narrative, Bateman describes his daily life, ranging from a series of Friday nights spent at nightclubs with his colleagues'--where they snort cocaine, critique fellow club-goers' clothing, trade fashion advice, and question one another on proper etiquette'--to his loveless engagement to fellow yuppie Evelyn and his contentious relationship with his brother and senile mother. Bateman's stream of consciousness is occasionally broken up by chapters in which he directly addresses the reader in order to critique the work of 1980s pop music artists. The novel maintains a high level of ambiguity through mistaken identity and contradictions that introduce the possibility that Bateman is an unreliable narrator. Characters are consistently introduced as people other than themselves, and people argue over the identities of others they can see in restaurants or at parties. Deeply concerned with his personal appearance, Bateman gives extensive descriptions of his daily aesthetics regimen.
    • After killing Paul Owen, one of his colleagues, Bateman appropriates his apartment as a place to host and kill more victims. Bateman's control over his violent urges deteriorates. His murders become increasingly sadistic and complex, progressing from simple stabbings to drawn-out sequences of rape, torture, mutilation, cannibalism, and necrophilia, and his grasp on sanity begins to slip. He introduces stories about serial killers into casual conversations and on several occasions openly confesses his murderous activities to his coworkers, who never take him seriously, do not hear what he says, or misunderstand him completely'--for example, hearing the words "murders and executions" as "mergers and acquisitions." These incidents culminate in a shooting spree during which he kills several random people in the street, resulting in a SWAT team being dispatched in a helicopter. This narrative episode sees the first-person perspective shift to third-person and the subsequent events are, although not for the first time in the novel, described in terms pertaining to cinematic portrayal. Bateman flees on foot and hides in his office, where he phones his attorney, Harold Carnes, and confesses all his crimes to an answering machine.
    • Later, Bateman revisits Paul Owen's apartment, where he had earlier killed and mutilated two prostitutes, carrying a surgical mask in anticipation of the decomposing bodies he expects to encounter. He enters the perfectly clean, refurbished apartment, however, filled with strong-smelling flowers meant, perhaps, to conceal a bad odor. The real estate agent, who sees his surgical mask, fools him into stating he was attending the apartment viewing because he "saw an ad in the Times" (when in fact there was no such advertisement). She tells him to leave and never return.
    • Bateman's mental state continues to deteriorate and he begins to experience bizarre hallucinations such as seeing a Cheerio interviewed on a talk show, being stalked by an anthropomorphic park bench, and finding a bone in his Dove Bar. At the end of the story, Bateman confronts Carnes about the message he left on his machine, only to find the attorney amused at what he considers a hilarious joke. Mistaking Bateman for another colleague, Carnes claims that the Patrick Bateman he knows is too much of a coward to have committed such acts. In the dialogue-laden climax, Carnes stands up to a defiant Bateman and tells him his claim of having murdered Owen is impossible, because he had dinner with him twice in London just a few days prior.
    • The book ends as it began, with Bateman and his colleagues at a new club on a Friday night, engaging in banal conversation. The sign seen at the end of the book simply reads "This is not an exit."
    • Themes [ edit ] According to literary critic Jeffrey W. Hunter, American Psycho is largely a critique of the "shallow and vicious aspects of capitalism".[9] The characters are predominantly concerned with material gain and superficial appearances, traits indicative of a postmodern world in which the 'surface' reigns supreme. This leads Patrick Bateman to act as if "everything is a commodity, including people",[10] an attitude that is further evident in the rampant objectification and brutalization of women that occurs in the novel. This distancing allows Bateman to rationalize his actions;[11] in one anthropophagic scene, Bateman remarks "though it does sporadically penetrate how unacceptable some of what I'm doing actually is, I just remind myself that this thing, this girl, this meat, is nothing ..."[12]
    • Patrick Bateman's consumption of what he views as nothing more than a piece of meat is an almost parodically literal interpretation of a monster created by consumer culture. This, combined with sex, violence, drugs, and other desires of the id, is how Bateman enacts his sociopathic violence in a superficial world.[13]
    • Bateman's episodes of schizophrenia also shows clear signs on how he copes with being an affluent person living in a superficial world, fashioned on consumerism. As described by the critic Jennifer Krause in her intertextual analysis of the novel, which relies on the work of postmodern theorist Fredric Jameson, Jameson "blames the schizophrenic's ills on the incoherence of postmodern media and capitalistic consumption".[14]
    • Jameson's critique is expanded by Krause, who writes, "We can see a distinctly popular culture schizophrenia arise, a disease spread by the postmodern culture industry, which ruptures personality and isolates the fractured self. Though Jameson does not specifically reference two different types of schizophrenia in his writings, he implies an artistic schizophrenia versus a more popular form'--one more or less accepted, and the other anathema. This raises questions about how popular culture might act as a potential cure for madness."[15] On the one hand is a rich Wall Street banker, Bateman, concerned and very self-conscious about every detail of his physical appearance, expensive possessions, and control of the people and the world around him. On the other hand, is the inner self of Patrick Bateman, the aboriginal-self, who copes and relinquishes his outer complications and "fake" identity, created by consumerism, through violence on other human beings, who he finds consumable, and expresses absolute control of his desires and true self through his violent fantasies. His consumer, artificial self, proceeding in society as a wealthy consumer would live and spend his income, versus his natural self, who, instead of spending money, would hunt and prey on the weak and vulnerable, usually women, whom he deems expendable. Bateman treats the people around him just like any other consumer product, because of the void he still battles with and wishes to fulfill from within, hence, having dual personas, having the dull artificial identity, compared to his free limitless persona of his mind.
    • Observing another side of potential behavior coming from the affluent American society of consumerism is explained through C. Serpell saying, "Though serialized violence in American Psycho is an extension of the deadening effects of serialized consumer exchanges in an economy where commodities and bodies become interchangeable and indistinguishable, this point largely escaped the notice of the novel's harshest critics."[16] Despite critics arguing over the aesthetic properties of the novel from rapid patterns and transitions of self-consciousness and murder, Serpell claims critics have overlooked the key themes and motives of the novel. Serpell bringing to light the patterns and trends Ellis expresses through Bateman, what the consequences of how "serialized consumer exchanges in an economy where commodities and bodies become interchangeable and indistinguishable,"[16] could affect society, and the way affluent people view others whether they are higher, lower, or the same in wealth or social status. The critic Thomas Heise states, "the uncertainty about the reality of Patrick's violence has become the chief critical debate on American Psycho, and it serves as a convenient introduction to the entanglement of epistemology and ethics in the novel."[17] Bateman's character and traits, according to Heise, challenge what readers understand as the social norms for the way the elite upper class think and react to society on a normal basis. Bateman's epistemology and ethics in regards to his actions and way of thinking throughout the novel is a reflection, through his violence, which raises the questions of the moral and ethical understanding of all individuals in Bateman's position and status, and how they might act and think similar or completely identical in a consumer world built on capitalism as we see in today's American society.
    • Citing the many bodies that are never found, Henry Bean wonders "is it possible that the murders themselves never occurred?" He continues:[18]
    • The novel subtly and relentlessly undercuts its own authority, and because Bateman, unlike, say, Nabokov's unreliable narrators, does not hint at a "truth" beyond his own delusions, "American Psycho" becomes a wonderfully unstable account. The most persuasive details are combined with unlikely incidents until we're not only unsure what's real, we begin to doubt the existence of reality itself.
    • Characters [ edit ] Major characters [ edit ] Patrick Bateman '' The central narrator and villainous protagonist of the novel.Evelyn Richards '' Bateman's supposed fianc(C)e.Timothy Price '' Bateman's best friend and colleague. Later appears as a teenager in Ellis's novel The Informers.Paul Owen '' Bateman's colleague who is later murdered by Bateman.Jean '' Bateman's secretary, whom Bateman refers to as "Jean, my secretary who is in love with me".Luis Carruthers '' A closeted homosexual co-worker who has gay feelings for Bateman, something that disgusts the latter.Courtney Lawrence '' Luis' fiancee who is having an affair with Bateman.Craig McDermott '' Bateman's colleague, part of a social foursome alongside Bateman, Timothy Price and David Van Patten.David Van Patten '' Bateman's colleague, also part of Bateman's main social group.Minor characters [ edit ] "Christie" '' A prostitute, employed and badly abused by Bateman on multiple occasions before he eventually murders her in a grisly fashion. Bateman gives her this name; her real one is never revealed.Elizabeth '' A dinner date of Bateman's, drugged and coerced into having sex with "Christie" before being violently murdered.Marcus Halberstam '' Bateman's colleague; Paul Owen repeatedly mistakes Bateman for Marcus.Donald Kimball '' Private detective hired to investigate Paul Owen's disappearance.Alison Poole '' Sexually and physically assaulted by Bateman; created by Ellis's friend Jay McInerney in his novel Story of My Life[19] and based on McInerney's former girlfriend Rielle Hunter; reappears as a main character in Ellis's later novel Glamorama, where she is involved with the lead character, Victor Ward.Sean Bateman '' Younger brother of Patrick Bateman and also the lead character of The Rules of Attraction.Paul Denton '' Friend of Paul Owen, who also appears in The Rules of Attraction where he is possibly romantically involved with Patrick's brother Sean.Christopher Armstrong '' Bateman's colleague at Pierce & Pierce.Bethany '' An old girlfriend of Patrick's whom, after a date, he tortures and subsequently murders.Stash '' Evelyn's friend, who is HIV positive.Vanden '' Evelyn's friend from the East Village who claims to attend Camden College, the main setting of The Rules of Attraction.Al '' A homeless man whom Bateman blinds and disfigures with a knife.Tom Cruise '' Lives in the same apartment building as Bateman, in the penthouse.Bono '' The leader singer of Irish rock band U2. Appears in a chapter in which Bateman and his colleagues attend a U2 concert.Patty Winters '' The host of a talk show which Bateman frequently views. As the novel progresses the subject of her programs become more and more absurd, implied to be no more than a figment of Bateman's imagination.Controversy [ edit ] Ellis later wrote that people assumed that American Psycho would end his career.[6] It was originally to have been published by Simon & Schuster in March 1991, but the company withdrew from the project because of "aesthetic differences". Vintage Books purchased the rights to the novel and published the book after the customary editing process. The book was not published in hardcover in the United States until 2012, when a limited hardcover edition was published by Centipede Press,[20] although a deluxe paperback was offered.[21] Before its publication, Roger Rosenblatt of The New York Times approved of Simon & Schuster canceling the "worthless" book in a review called "Snuff This Book! Will Bret Easton Ellis Get Away With Murder?".[22] Ellis received numerous death threats and hate mail after the publication of American Psycho.[23][24] The Los Angeles Times ' s review[18]'--"the one good review in the national press", he said'--resulted in "a three-page letter section of all these people canceling their subscriptions".[6]
    • In the United States, the book was named the 53rd most banned and challenged book from 1990''1999 by the American Library Association.[25]
    • In Germany, the book was deemed "harmful to minors" and its sales and marketing severely restricted from 1995 to 2000.
    • In Australia, the book is sold shrink-wrapped and is classified "R18" under national censorship legislation (i.e., the book may not be sold to those under 18 years of age). Along with other Category 1 publications, its sale is theoretically banned in the state of Queensland, and it may only be purchased shrink-wrapped.[26] In Brisbane, the novel is available to those over 18 from all public libraries and can still be ordered and purchased (shrink-wrapped) from many book stores despite this prohibition.[27] Bret Easton Ellis has commented on this, saying "I think it's adorable. I think it's cute. I love it."[28][29] In New Zealand, the Government's Office of Film & Literature Classification has rated the book as R18 (i.e., the book may not be sold or lent in libraries to those under 18 years of age). It is generally sold shrink wrapped in bookstores.[citation needed ]
    • During the trial of Canadian serial killer Paul Bernardo, a copy was discovered in Bernardo's bedroom. The Toronto Sun reported that Bernardo "read it as his 'bible ' ",[30][31] though it turned out it actually belonged to his wife and accomplice Karla Homolka; it is unlikely Bernardo ever read it.[30]
    • Feminist activist Gloria Steinem was among those opposed to Ellis's book because of its portrayal of violence toward women.[32][6] Steinem is the stepmother of Christian Bale, who played Bateman in the film. This coincidence is mentioned in Ellis's mock memoir Lunar Park.
    • Phil Collins, whose solo career is referenced in the book, recalled: "I didn't read it. At the time, I just thought, 'That's all we need: glorifying all this crap. I'm not interested.' Then the film came out, and I thought it was very funny."[33]
    • Adaptations [ edit ] 2000 film [ edit ] In 2000, writer Guinevere Turner and writer/director Mary Harron adapted American Psycho into a dark, comic film released by Lions Gate Films in United States and Columbia Pictures in other territories. This screenplay was selected over three others, including one by Ellis himself. Bateman is played by Christian Bale with Willem Dafoe and Reese Witherspoon in supporting roles. As a promotion for the film, one could register to receive e-mails "from" Patrick Bateman, supposedly to his therapist.[34] The e-mails, written by a writer attached to the film and approved by Ellis, follow Bateman's life since the events of the film. American Psycho premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival where it was touted as the next Fight Club.[35] The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) gave the film an NC-17 rating for a scene featuring Bateman having a threesome with two prostitutes. The producers excised approximately 18 seconds of footage to obtain an R-rating for the film.[36]
    • It polarized audiences and critics with some showering praise, others scorn.[37] Upon its theatrical release, however, the film received positive reviews in crucial publications, including The New York Times which called it a "mean and lean horror comedy classic".[38] Author Bret Easton Ellis said, "American Psycho was a book I didn't think needed to be turned into a movie," as "the medium of film demands answers," which would make the book "infinitely less interesting."[39] The film currently holds a 67% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
    • A direct-to-video spin-off, American Psycho 2 was released and directed by Morgan J. Freeman. This spin-off was not based on the novel or the original film, as its only connection with the original is the death of Patrick Bateman (played by Michael Kremko wearing a face mask), briefly shown in a flashback.
    • Other adaptations [ edit ] In 2009, Audible.com produced an audio version of American Psycho, narrated by Pablo Schreiber, as part of its Modern Vanguard line of audiobooks.[40] A Hungarian version of the novel was written by Attila Hazai (1967''2012) called Budapesti skizo ("Budapest Psycho", 1997); it was Hazai's best known work but as of his death never translated into English.[41]
    • In 2013, a Kickstarter campaign was launched by Ellis and others to get a musical stage adaptation made.[42] The premiere of the musical, with music and lyrics by Duncan Sheik opened at the Almeida Theatre, London in December 2013. The role of Patrick Bateman was played by Matt Smith.[43] In 2015, the musical was workshopped in New York, with Benjamin Walker re-assuming the role of Patrick that he had originally taken on in 2011. It premiered in early 2016, but closed June 5 of that year after a run of only 54 regular performances.[44] In the announcement, they cited "stiff competition" from more well-known musicals like Waitress, Shuffle Along, and Hamilton.
    • Also in 2013, FX was planning a TV series, set in the present, with Patrick Bateman in his 50s.[45]
    • See also [ edit ] Aestheticization of violenceTransgressive fictionReferences [ edit ] ^ "Marshall Arisman illustrations". Marshallarisman.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-30 . Retrieved 2012-02-15 . ^ Cohen, Roger. "Bret Easton Ellis Answers Critics of 'American Psycho ' ". The New York Times. ^ Kelly, Alison (27 June 2010). "Imperial Bedrooms by Bret Easton Ellis". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 June 2010 . Retrieved 28 July 2010 . ^ "Metacritic reviews for American Psycho". Metacritic.com . Retrieved 2012-02-15 . ^ Kepler, Adam W. (2012-04-22). " ' American Psycho' as a Musical". The New York Times. ^ a b c d Seymour, Corey (2019-04-16). "Bret Easton Ellis on Talking Porn With Kanye, a New Novel, and (Yes) Trump". Vogue . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ Swaim, Barton (2019-04-16). " ' White' Review: Repeat Offender". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ Baker, Jeff (July 2010). "Q&A: Bret Easton Ellis talks about writing novels, making movies". OregonLive . Retrieved 2010-07-09 . ^ Contemporary Literary Criticism. Jeffrey W. Hunter (ed.). Vol. 229. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2007, pp. 228''294. From Literature Criticism Online. ^ Contemporary Literary Criticism. ^ Brock, Leigh. "Distancing in Bret Easton Ellis' American Psycho. Notes on Contemporary Literature 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 6''8. ^ Ellis, Bret Easton. American Psycho. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Page 345 ^ Heyler, Ruth. "Parodied to Death: The Postmodern Gothic of American Psycho". Modern Fiction Studies 46, no. 3 (fall 2000): 725''746. ^ Polan, Dana; Foster, Hal (1984). "The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture". New German Critique (33): 264''269. doi:10.2307/488367. ISSN 0094-033X. JSTOR 488367. ^ Krause, Jennifer (2016-02-16). "The Killing Cure: Popular Culture and Postmodern Madness inOnde andar Dulce Veiga?andAmerican Psycho". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 57 (2): 166''177. doi:10.1080/00111619.2015.1019409. ISSN 0011-1619. ^ a b Serpell, C. Namwali (January 2010). "Repetition and the Ethics of Suspended Reading inAmerican Psycho". Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction. 51 (1): 47''73. doi:10.1080/00111610903249864. ISSN 0011-1619. ^ Heise, Thomas (2011). "American Psycho: Neoliberal Fantasies and the Death of Downtown". Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory. 67 (1): 135''160. doi:10.1353/arq.2011.0001. ISSN 1558-9595. ^ a b Bean, Henry (1991-03-17). "SLAYGROUND : AMERICAN PSYCHO By Bret Easton Ellis (Vintage: $11, paper; 399 pp.)". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035 . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ "Allow Bret Easton Ellis to Introduce You to Alison Poole, A.K.A. Rielle Hunter". New York Magazine. 2008-08-06. Archived from the original on 7 August 2008 . Retrieved 2008-08-06 . ^ "American Psycho". centipedepress.com . Retrieved 27 February 2015 . ^ Benatar, Giselle (1990-11-30). "American Psychodrama '' EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. ^ Rosenblatt, Roger (1990-12-16). "Snuff This Book! Will Bret Easton Ellis Get Away With Murder?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ Messier, Vartan (2005). "Canons of Transgression: Shock, Scandal, and Subversion from Matthew Lewis's The Monk to Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho" (PDF) . Dissertation Abstracts International. 43 (4): 1085 ff. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-24 . Retrieved 2006-04-16 . (University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez). Chapter Pornography and Violence: The Dialectics of Transgression in Bret Easton Ellis's American Psycho provides an in-depth analysis of the novel. ^ Bret Easton Ellis at IMDb ^ Office of Intellectual Freedom (2013-03-26). "100 most frequently challenged books: 1990-1999". American Library Association . Retrieved 2021-06-15 . ^ "Police ask for new edition of American Psycho to be removed from Adelaide bookshelves". ABC News. 2015-07-17. ^ Government of Australia National Classification Scheme. [permanent dead link ] ^ "Bret Easton Ellis Slams Self-Censorship Among Artists". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18 . Retrieved 2012-02-15 . ^ "American Psycho Author Bret Easton Ellis: In Conversation". FORA.tv. Archived from the original on 2011-10-16 . Retrieved 2012-02-15 . ^ a b Harron, Mary (2000-04-09). "FILM; The Risky Territory Of 'American Psycho ' ". The New York Times . Retrieved 2018-04-14 . ^ Cairns, Alan (1995-09-01). "Life imitates 'art' in Bernardo 'bible ' ". The Toronto Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-01-28 . Retrieved 2018-12-28 . ^ Venant, Elizabeth (11 December 1990). "An 'American Psycho' Drama: Books: The flap surrounding Bret Easton Ellis's third novel flares again. NOW is seeking a boycott of his new publisher. Other observers raise questions of censorship". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 23 October 2015 . ^ White, Terri (December 2014). "Cash for questions". Q: 33. ^ Howell, Peter (March 8, 2000). "American Psychos Web Promo Sickens Star". Toronto Star. Toronto. ^ "American Psycho hits Sundance". The Guardian. London. 2000-01-26 . Retrieved 2010-07-27 . ^ "American Psycho cut to appease censors". The Guardian. London. 2000-02-29 . Retrieved 2010-07-27 . ^ Corliss, Richard (January 24, 2000). "Sundance Sorority". Time. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007 . Retrieved 2009-04-08 . ^ Holden, Stephen (April 14, 2000). "Murderer! Fiend! Cad! (But Well-Dressed)". The New York Times . Retrieved 2009-04-08 . ^ "Bret Easton Ellis talks film adaptations at SCAD". Creative Loafing. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010 . Retrieved 2010-06-19 . ^ Audible Announces New Modern Vanguard Line of Audiobooks. International Business Times ^ Hazai Attila (1967''2012), complete review, "The Literary Saloon", April 10, 2012. ^ "AMERICAN PSYCHO". Kickstarter . Retrieved 27 February 2015 . ^ Almeida Theatre. "American Psycho" . Retrieved 23 May 2013 . ^ Viagas, Robert (5 June 2016). "American Psycho Ends Broadway Run Today". Playbill . Retrieved 2018-12-11 . ^ Elavsky, Cindy (6 October 2013). "Celebrity Extra". King Features . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . Further reading [ edit ] Ellis, Bret Easton (March 6, 1991). American psycho: a novel. Vintage contemporaries (1st ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-73577-9. LCCN 90010247. OCLC 22308330. OL 1857983M. Wrethed, Joakim (Fall 2021). "Brett Easton Ellis's American Psycho as a Palimpsest of the Theories of Girard, Gans and de Andrade". Anthropetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology. XXVII (1). External links [ edit ] American Psycho on Open Library at the Internet Archive
  • Nancy Grace - Wikipedia
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    • American legal commentator, television host, television journalist, and former prosecutor
    • Nancy Ann Grace (born October 23, 1959)[1] is an American legal commentator and television journalist. She hosted Nancy Grace, a nightly celebrity news and current affairs show on HLN, from 2005 to 2016, and Court TV's Closing Arguments from 1996 to 2007. She also co-wrote the book Objection!: How High-Priced Defense Attorneys, Celebrity Defendants, and a 24/7 Media Have Hijacked Our Criminal Justice System. Grace was also the arbiter of Swift Justice with Nancy Grace in the syndicated courtroom reality show's first season.
    • Grace was formerly a prosecutor in a local district attorney's office in Atlanta, Georgia. She frequently discusses issues from what she describes as a victims' rights standpoint, with an outspoken style that has brought her both praise and criticism.
    • Early life Nancy Grace was born in Macon, Georgia, the youngest of three children, to factory worker Elizabeth Grace and Mac Grace, a freight agent for Southern Railway.[2] Her older siblings are brother Mac Jr. and sister Ginny.[3] The Graces are longtime members of Macon's Liberty United Methodist Church, where Elizabeth plays the organ and Mac Sr. was once a Sunday School teacher.[4]
    • Grace graduated from Macon's Windsor Academy in 1977.[5] She attended Valdosta State University, and later received a B.A. from Mercer University. As a student, Grace was a fan of Shakespearean literature, and intended to become an English professor after graduating from college.[2] But after the murder of her fianc(C) Keith Griffin in a workplace shooting when she was 19, Grace decided to enroll in law school and went on to become a felony prosecutor and a supporter of victims' rights.[6][7]
    • Grace received her Juris Doctor from the Walter F. George School of Law at Mercer, where she was a member of the law review. She went on to earn a Master of Laws in constitutional and criminal law from New York University.[6] She has written articles and opinion pieces for legal periodicals, including the American Bar Association Journal.[6] She worked as a clerk for a federal court judge and practiced antitrust and consumer protection law with the Federal Trade Commission.[6] She taught litigation at the Georgia State University College of Law and business law at GSU's School of Business.[6] As of 2006, she is part of Mercer University's board of trustees and adopted a section of the street surrounding the law school.
    • Career as prosecutor Grace worked for nearly a decade in the Atlanta-Fulton County, Georgia District Attorney's office as Special Prosecutor. Her work focused on felony cases involving serial murder, serial rape, serial child molestation, and serial arson.[8] Grace left the prosecutors' office after the District Attorney she had been working under decided not to run for reelection.[9]
    • While a prosecutor, Grace was reprimanded by the Supreme Court of Georgia for withholding evidence and for making improper statements in a 1997 arson and murder case. The court overturned the conviction in that case and found that Grace's behavior "demonstrated her disregard of the notions of due process and fairness and was inexcusable."[10] As well, a 2005 federal appeals opinion by Judge William H. Pryor, Jr. found that Grace "played fast and loose" with core ethical rules in a 1990 triple murder case, including the withholding of evidence and allowing a police detective to testify falsely under oath. The 1990 murder conviction was upheld despite Grace's prosecutorial misconduct.
    • Career as broadcaster After leaving the Fulton County prosecutors' office, Grace was approached by and accepted an offer from Court TV founder Steven Brill to do a legal commentary show alongside Johnnie Cochran. When Cochran left the show, Grace was moved to a solo trial coverage show on Court TV, she hosted Trial Heat from 1996-2004, then Closing Arguments from 2004-2007, replacing Lisa Bloom and James Curtis, both of whom were hosting Trial Heat at that point.[9]
    • In February 2005, she began hosting a regular primetime legal analysis show called Nancy Grace on CNN Headline News (now HLN) in addition to her Court TV show.[8] On May 9, 2007, Grace announced that she would be leaving Court TV to focus more on her CNN Headline News Program and charity work.[11] She did her last show on Court TV on June 19, 2007.
    • Grace has a distinctive interviewing style mixing vocal questions with multimedia stats displays. The Foundation of American Women in Radio & Television has presented Nancy Grace with two Gracie Awards for her Court TV show.[8]
    • While still hosting Nancy Grace, she also hosted Swift Justice with Nancy Grace which premiered September 13, 2010, and ran until May 2011. Grace left the show due to productions moving from Atlanta to Los Angeles. In September 2011, Judge Jackie Glass, who is known for presiding over the O. J. Simpson robbery case, took over Grace's place. The show continued for one more season and ceased production in 2012.
    • Grace had been covering the Casey Anthony story for years. After the controversial verdict finding Casey Anthony not guilty, her Nancy Grace show on HLN had its highest ratings ever in the 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. hour slots on Tuesday, July 5, 2011.[12]
    • On October 13, 2016, at the end of her contract, Grace hosted her last show.
    • On July 13, 2019, an Oxygen TV channel true crime series began, hosted by Grace and titled Injustice with Nancy Grace with criminal cases being the subject of episodes that seek to bring to light unjust accusations, bungled investigations, arcane evidence, new motives, and shocking sentences.[13]
    • Controversies In a 2011 New York Times article, David Carr wrote, "Since her show began in 2005, the presumption of innocence has found a willful enemy in the former prosecutor turned broadcast judge-and-jury". He criticized her handling of the kidnapping of Elizabeth Smart, the Duke lacrosse case, the Melinda Duckett interview and suicide, and the Caylee Anthony case. George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley told Carr that Grace, as an attorney and reporter, "has managed to demean both professions with her hype, rabid persona, and sensational analysis. Some part of the public takes her seriously, and her show erodes the respect for basic rights."[14]
    • In January 2014, she again ignited controversy for her wildly negative depiction of recreational marijuana users. Grace made statements such as users were "fat and lazy" and that anyone who disagreed with her was "lethargic, sitting on the sofa, eating chips" to CNN's news correspondent Brooke Baldwin during a segment covering legalization in Colorado on January 6, 2014.[15]
    • On October 11, 2016, The Jim Norton and Sam Roberts Show had Grace as a guest, on which they accused her of capitalizing on others' tragedies, for her personal gain.[16] They also addressed her handling of The Ultimate Warrior's death,[17] and the Duke lacrosse case.[18] Norton said during the interview that he has disliked her for some time, and she has previously blocked him on Twitter.[19] Grace, in defending herself, stated that she was a crime victim herself,[20] and that they didn't ask her one decent question.[21] The next day on The View, Grace addressed the interview, calling Norton and Roberts Beavis and Butt-Head.[22] Grace said she had to hold back tears during the interview and stated, "I don't really know what it was, but it was hell for me."[23]
    • Elizabeth Smart kidnapping During the 2002 Elizabeth Smart kidnapping case, when suspect Richard Ricci was arrested by police on the basis that he had a criminal record and had worked on the Smarts' home, Grace immediately and repeatedly proclaimed on Court TV and CNN's Larry King Live that Ricci was guilty, although there was little evidence to support this claim. She also suggested publicly that Ricci's girlfriend was involved in the cover-up of his alleged crime. Grace continued to accuse Ricci, though he died while in custody.[24] It was later revealed that Smart was kidnapped by Brian David Mitchell and Wanda Barzee, two individuals with whom Ricci had no connection.[25]
    • When Court TV confronted Grace seven months later to ask whether she was incorrect in her assertion that Ricci was guilty, and whether or not she felt bad about it in any way, she stated that Ricci was "a known ex-con, a known felon, and brought suspicion on himself, so who could blame anyone for claiming he was the perpetrator?" When Larry King asked her about the matter, she equated criticism of herself with criticism of the police in the case. She said, "I'm not letting you take the police with me on a guilt trip."[26]
    • In July 2006, Grace interviewed Smart, who was promoting a legislative bill. Grace repeatedly asked her for information regarding her abduction. Smart told her she didn't feel comfortable discussing it, despite Grace's persistence in the matter. Finally, Grace stopped when Smart said she "didn't appreciate [Grace] bringing all this up."[27]
    • Danielle van Dam case During the trial of David Westerfield in 2002 for the kidnap and murder of Danielle van Dam, Grace made it clear on Larry King Live that she thought he was guilty, but she got some facts wrong. For example, she said he had steam-cleaned his RV, but no evidence was introduced that he had. Dr. Henry Lee pointed out that if he had done so, they wouldn't have found the fingerprints and the bloodstain on the carpet.[28][29] David Westerfield was convicted of kidnapping and murdering Danielle van Dam.
    • Grace also dismissed the defense's proposal that hair and fibers found on Westerfield's black jacket had been transferred from van Dam to Westerfield when the two were dancing at a bar on Friday night. Grace contended that the jacket was leather and a transfer would not have been possible.[30]
    • She also made some statements pointing to Westerfield's possible innocence. The strongest evidence against Westerfield was found in his RV, particularly a drop of van Dam's blood and her hand print. That evidence could be innocently explained if, at some previous time while it was parked unlocked in the streets outside her home, van Dam had entered that vehicle, perhaps to explore it out of curiosity. There was no testimony she had done so, but Grace said she "can imagine a little girl wandering into a RV and playing in it, much as if they saw a swimming pool, they might jump in, or a playground, they might play on it".[28]
    • Duke lacrosse allegations Grace took a vehemently pro-prosecution position throughout the 2006 Duke University lacrosse case, in which Crystal Mangum, a stripper and North Carolina Central University student, falsely accused three members of Duke University's men's lacrosse team of raping her at a party. Prior to Duke suspending its men's lacrosse team's season, she sarcastically noted on the air, "I'm so glad they didn't miss a lacrosse game over a little thing like gang rape!" and "Why would you go to a cop in an alleged gang rape case, say, and lie and give misleading information?"[31] After the disbarment of District Attorney Mike Nifong, Attorney General Roy Cooper pronounced all three players innocent of the rape charges made by Mangum and Nifong.[32] On the following broadcast of her show, Grace did not appear and a substitute reporter, Jane Velez-Mitchell, announced the removal of all charges.[33]
    • Suicide of interviewee Melinda Duckett In September 2006, 22-year-old Melinda Duckett committed suicide following an interview conducted by Grace concerning the disappearance of Duckett's 2-year-old son Trenton.[34] Grace interviewed Duckett less than two weeks after the child went missing, questioning her for her alleged lack of openness regarding her son's disappearance, asking Duckett "Where were you? Why aren't you telling us where you were that day?"[35] Duckett appeared confused and was unable to answer whether or not she had taken a polygraph test. When Grace asked her why she could not account for specific details, Duckett began to reply, "Because I was told not to," to which Grace responded, "Ms. Duckett, you are not telling us for a reason. What is the reason? You refuse to give even the simplest facts of where you were with your son before he went missing. It is day twelve." According to the CNN transcript, Duckett replied, "(INAUDIBLE) with all media. It's not just there, just all media. Period." Grace then moved on to a psychologist who asserted that Duckett was "skirting around the issue."[34][35]
    • The next day, before the airing of the show, Duckett shot herself, a death that relatives claim was influenced by media scrutiny, particularly from Grace.[34][36] Speaking to The Orlando Sentinel, Duckett's grandfather Bill Eubank said, "Nancy Grace and the others, they just bashed her to the end. She was not one anyone ever would have thought of to do something like this."[34] CNN has also been criticized for allowing the show to air in the wake of Duckett's suicide.[37] Police investigating the case had not named Melinda Duckett as a suspect in the case at the time, but after her suicide the police did say that, as nearly all parents are in missing-child cases, she was a suspect from the beginning.[34]
    • Grace at the book party for her book "Objection!", at the Bryant Park Grill, NYC, 2005
    • In an interview on Good Morning America, Nancy Grace said in reaction to events that "If anything, I would suggest that guilt made her commit suicide. To suggest that a 15- or 20-minute interview can cause someone to commit suicide is focusing on the wrong thing."[38] She then said that, while she sympathized with the family, she knew from her own experience as a victim of crime that such people look for somebody else to blame.[39]
    • While describing it as an "extremely sad development", Janine Iamunno, a spokeswoman for Grace,[34] said that her program would continue to follow the case as they had a "responsibility to bring attention to this case in the hopes of helping find Trenton Duckett." Grace commented that "I do not feel that our show is to blame for what happened to Melinda Duckett. The truth is not always nice or polite or easy to go down. Sometimes it's harsh, and it hurts."[34]
    • On November 21, 2006, The Smoking Gun exposed pending litigation on behalf of the estate of Melinda Duckett, asserting a wrongful death claim against CNN and Grace. The attorney for the estate alleges that, even if Duckett did kill her own son, Grace's aggressive questioning traumatized Duckett so much that she committed suicide. She also argues that CNN's decision to air the interview after Duckett's suicide traumatized her family. Trenton has never been found.[37][40]
    • On November 8, 2010, Grace reached a settlement with the estate of Melinda Duckett to create a $200,000 trust fund dedicated to locating Trenton. This settlement was reached a month before a jury trial was scheduled to start. According to the agreement, if the young boy is found alive before he turns 13, the remaining proceeds in the trust will be administered by a trustee '' Trenton's great-aunt Kathleen Calvert '' until he turns 18 and the funds are transferred for his use. If Trenton is not found by his 13th birthday, or if he is found but is not alive, the funds will be transferred immediately to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. "We are pleased the lawsuit has been dismissed. The statement speaks for itself," a spokeswoman for CNN said.[41]
    • Caylee Anthony case From 2008 to 2011, the Caylee Anthony disappearance and the prosecution, trial, and acquittal of her mother Casey Anthony on charges of murder of the child were a regular feature of the Nancy Grace show. She would reveal every new detail of the story.[42] Her program is cited as having "almost single-handedly inflated the Anthony case from a routine local murder into a national obsession".[43]
    • The Nancy Grace audience more than doubled in the weeks after the start of the Casey Anthony trial.[44] David Carr wrote that Grace took her show to the trial scene in Orlando, Florida in order to "hurl invective from a close, intimate distance."[14] Grace expressed rage at Anthony's acquittal right after announcement of the verdict, saying: "Tot Mom's lies seem to have worked."[43] In a press conference after the verdicts were read, Cheney Mason, one of Anthony's defense attorneys, blamed the media for a "media assassination" which led to public hatred toward Anthony. He also said,
    • I can tell you that my colleagues from coast to coast and border to border have condemned this whole process of lawyers getting on television and talking about cases that they don't know a damn thing about, and don't have the experience to back up their words or the law to do it.[45]
    • Grace took it personally and responded, "What does he care about what pundits are saying?". She also stated that she had as much legal experience as Mason and criticized the defense attorneys for taking on the media before mentioning Caylee Anthony's name in their news conference and stated that "[T]here is no way that this is a verdict that speaks the truth."[45]
    • Michelle Zierler, director of the Project in Law and Journalism at New York Law School, said Grace "is always certain that the defendant is guilty and needs instant punishment" and this had affected her analysis of the case.[45] Howard Finkelstein, the Broward County, Florida public defender said,
    • Nancy Grace should offend every journalist out there. These lawyers on TV during the Anthony trial only offered one side, everybody believed them, and now you've got a big chunk of the population that thinks the legal system let them down. Every time that happens, you lose part of the national community.[43]
    • On the day Anthony was sentenced on misdemeanor counts of lying to investigators, a supporter held a sign reading: "Nancy Grace, stop trying to ruin innocent lives. The jury has spoken. P.S. Our legal system still works!"[46]
    • In a televised appearance with media expert Dan Abrams, Grace stated about Anthony's being freed from jail,
    • No one wishes for vigilante justice; nobody advocates that. People who are opposed to the jury verdict, that think it was wrong, are really seeking justice, and I do not believe those people are interested in harming Tot Mom Casey Anthony.
    • Abrams commented,
    • There are too many people out there who love Nancy Grace, who watch Nancy Grace on a regular basis, who are going to see [Anthony] out there somewhere and are going to give her a very, very hard time wherever she goes.[47]
    • Whitney Houston death Mainstream media have suggested that Grace made "wildly speculative" allegations on her program that the investigation into Whitney Houston's death should include the possibility that someone may have been responsible for drowning Houston. Some reporters have pointed out that Grace should have waited for the coroner's report before making this allegation.[48]
    • Toni Annette Medrano suicide On November 22, 2011, Toni Annette Medrano accidentally killed her 3-week-old son, Adrian Alexander Medrano, while she was sleeping on the couch with him. According to the criminal complaint, Medrano told police she had consumed almost an entire fifth of vodka the night before her son died and fell asleep with him on a couch. The following morning, she woke up and found her infant son unresponsive and cold to the touch. While Grace was covering the case, she infamously dubbed Medrano "Vodka Mom". During one of her shows, Grace brought a bottle of vodka onto her set and poured shots to demonstrate how much Medrano had drunk the night of her son's death.[49] In June 2012, Medrano was charged with two counts of second-degree manslaughter.[citation needed ]
    • "The baby is dead because of vodka mommy," Grace said during her June 11 show on HLN. "I don't care if she was driving a car, holding a pistol or holding a fifth of vodka. [It] doesn't matter to me. The baby is dead at the hands of the mommy." During the show, Grace said the charges filed against Medrano weren't harsh enough. "I don't see how this whole thing was an accident and I want murder charges," Grace said.[50]
    • On July 2, Medrano doused herself in flammable liquid and set herself on fire. She died of her injuries on July 7. After her death, Medrano's husband and the father of her son said he felt the segment Grace did was cruel and added "The things people said were horrible. It shows that cyberbullying happens to adults, too."[51] Following Melinda Duckett's suicide, this is the second suicide to which Grace has been linked.[52] On January 4, 2012, a lawsuit against CNN brought by Medrano's family was settled, "I can tell you the case was settled in principle two weeks ago," said personal injury attorney Michael Padden. A lawsuit was never formally served but "we resolved the case just by negotiation," he said.[53]
    • Amanda Knox Grace commented on the Amanda Knox case: "I was very disturbed, because I think it is a huge miscarriage of justice. I believe that while Amanda Knox did not wield the knife herself, I think that she was there, with her boyfriend, and that he did the deed, and that she egged him on. That's what I think happened... I just happen to know the facts... I'm not trying to get Amanda Knox's first interview because'... my show does not pay for interviews... Second, I don't think she's going to tell the truth anyway, so what's the point?"[54]
    • The Ultimate Warrior Following WWE Hall of Famer The Ultimate Warrior's death on April 8, 2014, Nancy Grace invited retired wrestler Diamond Dallas Page on her show to discuss Warrior. Unbeknownst to Page,[55] the subject of the episode was deaths in the professional wrestling industry caused by steroids. Grace claimed that "rumors of steroid and drug use are swirling" in the case of Ultimate Warrior's death,[56][57] although an autopsy had concluded that Warrior had died of natural causes with neither drugs nor alcohol in his system at his time of death.[58] During the segment, Grace made several mentions to a list of wrestlers who had died young, linking their deaths to drug abuse. The list included wrestlers whose deaths were unrelated to drug abuse.[56]
    • After the segment aired, a petition on Change.org requesting that CNN remove Nancy Grace from television received over 10,000 signatures within twenty four hours.[59] #CancelNancyGrace became a trending topic on Twitter following the episode's airing.[55] Page released a statement after the episode aired, stating that he was under the assumption that he would be sharing stories in Warrior's memory and did not know that steroids would be the only topic discussed.[55][60] WWE subsequently asked past and present WWE talent to not appear on Grace's HLN show.[61] Nancy Grace responded to criticism by telling Radar Online that she would welcome any WWE personalities to come onto her show to "correct all of my misconceptions".[62]
    • Disappearance of Charles Bothuell V During one of her newscasts, Grace interviewed Charles Bothuell IV, informing him that his son, Charles Bothuell V, was found, to the surprise of Bothuell IV, in his basement by members of law enforcement.[63]
    • Michael Skakel lawsuit In 2012, Grace's show wrongly reported that DNA evidence linked Michael Skakel to the murder of Martha Moxley. HLN retracted and settled a lawsuit in October 2013.[64]
    • Awards Grace has been awarded several American Women in Radio & Television Gracie Awards, has been awarded the "Individual Achievement/Best Program Host" honor by that organization, and has been recognized by many other organizations (including, without limitation, the Carole Sund-Carrington Foundation, Crime Victims United of California and The Retreat) for her advocacy work on behalf of victims' rights.[6]
    • Other television work Dancing With the Stars Grace was a contestant on the thirteenth season of Dancing with the Stars, which began airing on September 19, 2011. She was partnered with pro-dancer Tristan MacManus. The couple lasted for 8 weeks and placed 5th overall in the competition before being eliminated on November 8, 2011, one week shy of the semi-finals.
    • Raising Hope In early April 2012, Grace appeared on the last two episodes of the second season of the TV show Raising Hope playing herself.
    • Law & Order On May 22, 2007, Grace appeared in the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Screwed" the season 8 finale, playing herself opposite Star Jones.[65][66]
    • Hancock Grace has a cameo appearance in the film Hancock, starring Will Smith.
    • Hollywood Medium with Tyler Henry In June 2017, Grace sat for a reading by purported psychic medium Tyler Henry on his E! TV show, Hollywood Medium with Tyler Henry. Grace believed Henry was communicating with her dead father, as well as murdered fiance, and said she had received closure.[67] After the reading Grace said "there were many things [Henry] said were impossible for him to have gleaned on the internet or even a computer search, speeches I've given, of things that have happened, I find it difficult to believe '... I find many of the things he said to be absolutely amazing."[68] In April 2018, Susan Gerbic analyzed the reading, and detailed in Nancy Grace Should be Ashamed of Herself! exactly how Grace had unfortunately been fooled by the usual fraudulent techniques of cold reading and hot reading used by "grief vampires" like Henry to convince people that they have paranormal powers.[68]
    • Further work Grace's first book, Objection!: How High-Priced Defense Attorneys, Celebrity Defendants, and a 24/7 Media Have Hijacked Our Criminal Justice System, was published in 2005 by Hyperion and became a New York Times bestseller.[6] Her first work of fiction,[69] The Eleventh Victim, also published by Hyperion, was released on August 11, 2009. The mystery thriller follows a young psychology student, Hailey Dean, whose fianc(C) is murdered just weeks before their wedding. She goes on to prosecute violent crime and is forced to reckon with what she left behind.[70] Publishers Weekly described it as "less than compelling";[71] however, it was also a New York Times bestseller[6] and became the foundation for the Hailey Dean Mysteries series of, thus far, nine movies on the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel.[6] A third New York Times bestselling novel, Death on the D-List, was published by Hyperion on August 10, 2010, and followed by Murder in the Courthouse, published by BenBella Books in 2016.[6]
    • Grace has also helped staff a hotline at an Atlanta battered women's center for 10 years.[6] Since January 10, 2017, Grace hosted a daily Podcast on Crime Online called "Crime Stories with Nancy Grace".[72]
    • Personal life Marriage and motherhood In April 2007, Grace married David Linch, an Atlanta investment banker, in a small private ceremony. The two had met while she was studying at Mercer University in the 1970s. Grace, who had given up on marriage after the death of her fianc(C), said, "We've been in touch all these years, and a lot of time, we were separated by geography and time. It was a spur-of-the-moment decision to get married. I told my family only two days before the wedding."[73]
    • On June 26, 2007, an emotional Grace announced on her HLN talk show that her life had "taken a U-turn" in that she was pregnant and expecting twins due in January 2008.[74][75] Lucy Elizabeth and John David were born in November 2007.
    • Allegations regarding fianc(C)'s murder In March 2006, an article in the New York Observer suggested that in her book Objection!, Grace had embellished the story of her college fianc(C)'s 1979 murder and the ensuing trial to make it better support her image. Grace has described the tragedy as the impetus for her career as a prosecutor and victims' rights advocate, and has often publicly referred to the incident.[76] The Observer researched the murder and found what it submitted to be contradictions between the events and Grace's subsequent statements, including the following:
    • Her fianc(C), Keith Griffin, was not shot at random by a stranger, but by a former coworker, Tommy McCoy.McCoy did not have a prior criminal record.Rather than denying the crime, McCoy confessed on the night of the murder (nevertheless, he subsequently denied the crime by a plea of not guilty and went to trial).The jury deliberated for a few hours, not days.There was no ongoing string of appeals (McCoy's family did not want any), though McCoy did file an appellate court habeas corpus petition for a new trial, which was rejected.Grace told the Observer she had not looked into the case in many years and "tried not to think about it."[76] She said she made her previous statements about the case "with the knowledge I had."[76]
    • In response to Keith Olbermann's claims in a March 2007 Rolling Stone interview in which he was quoted as saying, "Anybody who would embellish the story of their own fianc(C)'s murder should spend that hour a day not on television but in a psychiatrist's chair,"[77] Grace stated, "I did not put myself through law school and fight for all those years for victims of crime to waste one minute of my time, my energy, and my education in a war of words with Keith Olbermann, whom I've never met nor had any disagreement. I feel we have X amount of time on Earth, and that when we give in to our detractors or spend needless time on silly fights, I think that's abusing the chance we have to do something good."[77]
    • Griffin's murderer, Tommy McCoy, received ten years for aggravated assault and life imprisonment for murder, but was released on parole from the Georgia Department of Corrections on December 5, 2006.[78]
    • Depictions of Grace in popular media Law & Order connection The Law & Order programs often base their fictional stories on real-life events and have featured stories based on Grace on several occasions.[79]
    • In the episode "Haystack" of Law & Order: SVU, an overzealous reporter named Cindy Marino (played by Kali Rocha) causes the mother of a kidnapped son to commit suicide.[80] Grace herself appeared in the SVU episode "Screwed".[81]
    • On Law & Order: Criminal Intent, Grace has also been compared[who? ] to a character named Faith Yancy (Geneva Carr) who hosts a similar talk show (Inside American Justice) that sensationalizes whatever case the main characters are working on and makes it difficult for them to gain access to key witnesses. However, the character could be based on any number of individuals with this type of show. The character has appeared on the episodes "In the Wee Small Hours" (original air date November 6, 2005), "Masquerade" (original air date October 31, 2006), "Albatross" (original air date February 6, 2007), "Neighborhood Watch" (original air date August 10, 2008), and "Lady's Man" (original air date June 28, 2009).[82]
    • The Newsroom Episode eight of The Newsroom, "The Blackout Part I: Tragedy Porn", features a scene in which the newsroom staff dismantle Grace's coverage of the Caylee Anthony case.[83]
    • Saturday Night Live Sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live has parodied Grace, both in and out of the context of her show, a number of times since her rise to prominence. Originally Grace was portrayed by SNL cast member Amy Poehler. Her impression featured in a parody of the Nancy Grace show during Saturday Night Live ' s 32nd season (in episode 7.).[84] The sketch parodied Grace's reactions to Michael Richards' infamous Laugh Factory appearance, the O. J. Simpson trial and her own parking fines.[85][86] During the sketch, host Matthew Fox portrays a parking attendant whom Grace's staff have brought off the street, where he was giving Grace a parking ticket.[85][86] Poehler also voiced Grace, on May 21, 2005, as part of the show's Saturday TV Funhouse segment in a Divertor sketch.[87][88] During this appearance, Grace says little more than "[Name of celebrity in question] should fry."[87]
    • Grace would later be impersonated by Saturday Night Live cast member Abby Elliott in the sketch 'So You've Committed A Crime... And You Think You Can Dance?',[89] in which Grace features as a judge of the dance contest. In the sketch, Grace calls the show 'Disgusting'.[90]
    • Most recently, Grace was portrayed by featured player Noel Wells[91] in Season 39, Episode 11.[92] The sketch parodies Grace's reaction to the legalization of Marijuana in Colorado[92] and features host/musical guest Drake doing an impression of comedian Katt Williams.[91] Much of Grace's dialogue from the sketch was lifted directly from an interview she conducted on January 6, 2013, with Brooke Baldwin[93] on CNN's News Room,[94] in particular the phrase 'I've got a sneaking suspicion that you are pro-pot. And I don't like it.'[91][94]
    • This Hour Has 22 Minutes A recurring sketch on the CBC prime-time sketch comedy series This Hour Has 22 Minutes features Cathy Jones as Betty Hope, an obvious send-up of Grace.
    • Studio 60 On The Sunset Strip During the episode 'Disaster Show' of series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Grace is impersonated by Sarah Paulson as part of a sketch on the titular show within a show.[95] In the episode, Paulson's character, Harriet Hayes, is performing a parody of the Nancy Grace show.[95]
    • Gone Girl It is widely acknowledged, by the media and by Grace herself,[96][97][98] that the character of Ellen Abbot in the 2014 film Gone Girl is based on Grace. In an interview with actress Missi Pyle, who played Abbot in the film, Grace told pundits she was "very flattered"[98] and that she "laugh[ed] out loud at it,"[97] calling Gone Girl her new favorite portrayal.[98]
    • Bibliography Objection!: How High-Priced Defense Attorneys, Celebrity Defendants, and a 24/7 Media Have Hijacked Our Criminal Justice System. Hyperion. 2005. ISBN 978-1-4013-0180-4. The Eleventh Victim. Hyperion. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4013-0345-7. Death on the D-List . Hyperion. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4013-2313-4. Murder in the Courthouse. BenBella Books. 2016. ISBN 978-1-9429-5288-6. References ^ "Nancy Grace: Biography". TV Guide. CBS Interactive Inc . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b Grace, Nancy. "Nancy Grace's Inspiring Story of Overcoming Grief Through Her Mission from God". Guideposts. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ " " Mac" Walter Grace Obituary - Macon, GA". Dignity Memorial . Retrieved October 21, 2020 . ^ [1] [dead link ] ^ [2] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Nancy Grace". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Tron, Gina (June 11, 2019). "Nancy Grace Chokes Up Talking About What Got Her Into True Crime: Her Fianc(C)'s Murder". Oxygen . Retrieved December 6, 2021 . ^ a b c "Nancy Grace". Court TV. Courtroom Television Network LLC. Archived from the original on April 6, 2007 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b "CNN Larry King Live: Interview with Nancy Grace". CNN. February 20, 2005 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "The Duke Rape Case and Prosecutorial Abuse". Jonathanturley.org . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "Nancy Grace to End Show on Court TV". The Washington Post. AP. May 9, 2007 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace Has Best Ratings Ever After Casey Anthony Verdict". K-Hits 104.3. July 7, 2011 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Nolasco, Stephanie (July 12, 2019). "Nancy Grace recalls fianc(C) Keith Griffin's horrific murder, returning to TV with 'Injustice': 'I was lost ' ". foxnews.com. FOX News Network, LLC . Retrieved July 14, 2019 . ^ a b Carr, David (May 22, 2011). "TV Justice Thrives on Fear". The New York Times . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Krumboltz, Mike (January 6, 2014). "Nancy Grace: Legalizing marijuana for recreational use is a 'horrible idea ' ". Yahoo! News . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace Storms Out of SiriusXM Interview". October 12, 2016. ^ "Nancy Grace Has Heated Exchange With Radio Hosts Over Wrestler Deaths, Walks Out Of Interview - WrestlingInc.com". ^ "Nancy Grace walked out of an interview after being accused of exploiting dead kids, because facts are hard". October 13, 2016. ^ "Nancy Grace walks out of interview about her exploiting dead children". October 12, 2016. ^ "SEE IT: Nancy Grace ends radio interview after hosts insult her". ^ "Nancy Grace Walks Out After Interviewers Ask Why She 'Capitalized On Dead Kids'! See Her Heated Response!". ^ "Nancy Grace Explains Why She Walked Out of Radio Interview Where Hosts Accused Her of 'Capitalizing' on Dead Kids". October 12, 2016. ^ "Nancy Grace Storms Out of Interview, Tells The View She 'Almost Started Crying ' ". ^ "CNN Larry King Live: Legal Analysis of Laci Peterson Murder Case Developments; Interview with Mary Tyler Moore". CNN. June 23, 2003. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "The Elizabeth Smart Case". Crime.about.com. June 5, 2002 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ Zengerle, Jason (March 14, 2005). "Trial by Fury". The New Republic . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Insane Nancy Grace gets owned by Elizabeth Smart". YouTube. July 19, 2006. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "CNN Larry King Live: Interview With Nancy Grace, Marc Klaas, Jan Ronis". CNN. July 15, 2002. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "CNN Larry King Live: Expert Panel Discusses Kidnapping Trials". CNN. August 5, 2002. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "CNN Larry King Live: Westerfield Jury Completes Ninth Day of Deliberations". CNN. August 20, 2002. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace: Was Young Woman Assaulted by Duke Lacrosse Team?". CNN. March 31, 2006 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ [3] Archived December 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Nancy Grace: All Charges Dropped in Duke Lacrosse Rape Case". CNN. April 11, 2007 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f g Knight, Sam (September 14, 2006). "CNN guest kills herself after gruelling questions". The Times . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . (subscription required) ^ a b "Nancy Grace: 2-Year-Old Disappears From Bedroom". CNN. September 8, 2006 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Reed, Travis (September 13, 2006). "Mother of Missing Boy Commits Suicide". CBS News. AP. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b Filan, Susan (November 22, 2006). "Filan: Lawsuit against Nancy Grace a long shot". NBC News . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace CNN Defends Self on GMA Over Duckett Interview". Google, Inc. YouTube. September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. ^ "Nancy Grace Says 'Guilt' Likely Made Mother Commit Suicide". ABC News. September 15, 2006 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace Sued For Wrongful Death". The Smoking Gun. November 21, 2006 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Lee, Suevon (November 8, 2010). "Nancy Grace settles lawsuit with Duckett estate". Ocala.com . Retrieved August 27, 2011 . ^ Billman, Jeffrey C. (September 11, 2008). "Our Dumb State: The Casey Anthony Edition". Orlando Weekly . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b c Garvin, Glenn (July 7, 2011). "Casey Anthony verdict outrage: critics blame Nancy Grace, Geraldo Rivera and other media figures". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Stelter, Brian (June 12, 2011). "Casey Anthony Coverage Gives HLN an Identity". The New York Times . Retrieved July 7, 2011 . ^ a b c Bauder, David (July 6, 2011). "Anthony lawyers blast cable news after acquittal". Yahoo! News . Retrieved July 6, 2011 . ^ "Casey Anthony Supporter: Will You Marry Me? Man Holds Sign Outside Orange County Courthouse". Click Orlando. July 8, 2011 . Retrieved July 9, 2011 . ^ "Nancy Grace Casey Anthony Release | Anthony Offers | Video". Mediaite. July 18, 2011 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ Shapiro, Rebecca (February 16, 2012). "Nancy Grace Defends Her Controversial Comments About Whitney Houston, 'View' Hosts Question Grace's Motivations". The Huffington Post. ^ Zakarin, Jordan (January 8, 2013). "CNN Reaches Settlement With Family of Self-Immolating 'Vodka Mom' Taunted by Nancy Grace". The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved January 22, 2014 . ^ Lohr, David (July 11, 2012). "Tony Medrano, Dubbed 'Vodka Mom' by Nancy Grace, Committed Suicide". The Huffington Post . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Starr, Terrell Jermaine (July 9, 2012). "Mom Who Allegedly Suffocated Son Burns Herself To Death". newsone.com . Retrieved November 13, 2014 . ^ Olson, Rochelle (July 10, 2012). "Scorned Cottage Grove mom sets self ablaze". Star Tribune . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Giles, Kevin (January 4, 2013). "Deal reached with CNN in 'vodka mom' TV case". Star Tribune . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Shapiro, Rebecca (October 5, 2011). "Nancy Grace: Amanda Knox Verdict 'Miscarriage of Justice ' ". The Huffington Post . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b c Feldman, Josh (April 10, 2014). "#CancelNancyGrace: Wrestling Fans Blast Nancy Grace for Coverage of Ultimate Warrior's Death". Mediaite . Retrieved December 6, 2021 . ^ a b Crugnale, James (April 10, 2014). "Feud Over Ultimate Warrior's Death: WWE Star Diamond Dallas Page Slams Nancy Grace". TheWrap . Retrieved December 6, 2021 . ^ Hooton, Christopher (April 10, 2014). "Ultimate Warrior dead: Nancy Grace and Diamond Dallas Page discuss wrestler's steroid use". The Independent . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ Cullen, Trevor (April 14, 2014). "Report: Autopsy Reveals Ultimate Warrior Died Of Heart Attack". NESN . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ "#CancelNancyGrace Trends After HLN Host Implies Deaths of Wrestlers Ultimate Warrior, Owen Hart Involved Steroids". E! Online. April 10, 2014 . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ Johnson, Mike. "Diamond Dallas Page Comments on his Appearance on 'Nancy Grace' Last Night Discussing Warrior". Pro Wrestling Insider . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ Johnson, Mike. "WWE Vs. Nancy Grace?". Pro Wrestling Insider . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ "Nancy Grace 'Deeply Saddened' By The Wrestling Ban on Her Show: 'Steroid Use Is Rampant In WWE & Pro Sports '... I Invite Diamond Dallas Page To Ambush Me Anytime! ' ". Radar Online. April 18, 2014 . Retrieved April 20, 2014 . ^ Eric D. Lawrence (April 16, 2015). "Parents of boy held in basement charged with torture". Usatoday.com . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "Skakel settles lawsuit against HLN's Nancy Grace". CNS News. Archived from the original on April 9, 2015 . Retrieved December 17, 2015 . ^ TURK, JOHN. "Nancy Grace, Star Jones probe Pontiac woman's death". The Oakland Press . Retrieved August 30, 2019 . ^ "Nancy Grace Films Law & Order With Star Jones, Mum On View Rumor". Adweek . Retrieved August 30, 2019 . ^ DUNCAN, GABI (June 28, 2017). "Hollywood Medium Recap: Nancy Grace Reveals How Her Late Fianc(C) Changed Her Life With Just One Dream". Eonline.com. E Online. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018 . Retrieved April 20, 2018 . ^ a b Gerbic, Susan (April 20, 2018). "Nancy Grace Should be Ashamed of Herself!". CSICOP.org. CFI. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018 . Retrieved April 20, 2018 . ^ France, Lisa Respers. "New chapter for Nancy Grace with her first novel". CNN . Retrieved March 22, 2017 . ^ Grace, Nancy. "The Eleventh Victim: A Thriller". Hyperion Books. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ [4] ^ Darcy, Oliver (January 10, 2017). "Nancy Grace launches digital media venture aimed at fighting crime". Business Insider . Retrieved June 29, 2017 . ^ Starr, David (June 26, 2007). "Nancy's Secret Wedding". New York Post . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Orloff, Brian (June 27, 2007). "Nancy Grace: Married and Expecting Twins". People . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ Hancock, Noelle (June 26, 2007). "First Photo: CNN's Nancy Grace Pregnant With Twins!". Us Weekly. Archived from the original on June 28, 2007 . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b c Dana, Rebecca (March 6, 2006). "Did Nancy Grace, TV Crimebuster, Muddy Her Myth?". The New York Observer . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ a b "Nancy Grace set to speak her mind in Del". The News Journal. April 9, 2007 . Retrieved July 1, 2007 . ^ "Find an offender". Georgia department of corrections. georgia.gov . Retrieved July 5, 2011 . ^ 5th paragraph Farhi, Paul (March 8, 2009). "Ripped From the Headlines '' and From the Heart". The Washington Post . Retrieved September 12, 2010 . ^ "Haystack". IMDb.com. February 20, 2007 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "Stars Galore Make a Guest Appearance on the Season Finale of Law & Order: SVU". Movieweb. March 6, 2007. ^ "Geneva Carr". IMDb . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ Mirkinson, Jack (August 13, 2012). " ' The Newsroom' Recap: 'The Blackout, Part 1 ' ". The Huffington Post . Retrieved January 21, 2014 . ^ "SNL Transcripts: Matthew Fox: 12/02/06". Snltranscripts.jt.org. December 2, 2006 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "SNL Transcripts: Matthew Fox: 12/02/06: Nancy Grace". Snltranscripts.jt.org . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "Matthew Fox on SNL - Nancy Grace on Vimeo". Vimeo.com. August 21, 2010 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "TV Funhouse: Divertor - Saturday Night Live". YouTube. September 20, 2013. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "SNL Transcripts: Lindsay Lohan: 05/21/05". Snltranscripts.jt.org. May 21, 2005 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "Andy Samberg - News and Videos: Andy Samberg - Is Kevin Federline (So You Committed A Crime...)". Andysamberg.blogspot.co.uk. October 5, 2009 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "SNL Transcripts: Ryan Reynolds: 10/03/09: So You Committed A Crime... And You Think You Can Dance?". Snltranscripts.jt.org . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b c "Nancy Grace - Saturday Night Live". YouTube. January 19, 2014. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "SNL Transcripts: Drake: 01/18/14". Snltranscripts.jt.org. January 18, 2014 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ "Brooke Baldwin '' CNN Newsroom - CNN.com Blogs". Newsroom.blogs.cnn.com . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "Nancy Grace talks pot on CNN - January 6, 2013". YouTube. January 6, 2014. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b "iTunes - TV Programmes - Studio 60 On the Sunset Strip, Season 1". Itunes.apple.com. March 11, 2008 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ Yahr, Emily (October 7, 2014). " ' Gone Girl' deftly skewers the Nancy Grace cable TV culture". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b Miller, Julie (January 15, 2015). "Here's What Nancy Grace Thought of Missi Pyle's Parody of Her in Gone Girl". Vanity Fair . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ a b c "Nancy Grace Reacts to Being Parodied in Gone Girl". Mediaite. December 12, 2014 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . External links Official website HLN biography
  • Duke lacrosse case - Wikipedia
    • Link to Article
    • Archived Version
    • Wed, 08 Dec 2021 02:14
    •  
    • 2006 criminal case in Durham, North Carolina, United States
    • Coordinates: 36°00'²30'"N 78°54'²43'"W >> / >> 36.00831°N 78.91203°W >> / 36.00831; -78.91203 The Duke lacrosse case was a widely reported 2006 criminal case in Durham, North Carolina, United States in which three members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team were falsely accused of rape.[1][2][3] The three students were David Evans, Collin Finnerty, and Reade Seligmann. The accuser was Crystal Mangum, a student at North Carolina Central University[4][1] who worked as a stripper[5] and dancer. The rape was alleged to have occurred at a party hosted by the lacrosse team, held at the Durham residence of two of the team's captains on March 13, 2006. The case's resolution sparked public discussion of racism, sexual violence, media bias, and due process on campuses, and ultimately led to the resignation and disbarment of the lead prosecutor, Durham County District Attorney Mike Nifong.
    • On April 11, 2007, North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper dropped all charges, declaring the three lacrosse players "innocent" and victims of a "tragic rush to accuse".[6][7] Nifong, who was labeled a "rogue prosecutor" by Cooper, withdrew from the case in January 2007 after the North Carolina State Bar filed ethics charges against him. In June 2007, Nifong was disbarred for "dishonesty, fraud, deceit and misrepresentation", making him the first prosecutor in North Carolina disbarred for trial conduct. Nifong served one day in jail for lying about sharing DNA tests (criminal contempt); the lab director said it was a misunderstanding and Nifong claimed it was due to weak memory.[8] Mangum maintained her insistence that she was sexually assaulted that night. She faced no charges.[9]
    • Cooper noted several inconsistencies between Mangum's accounts of the evening, and Seligmann and Finnerty's alibi evidence. The Durham Police Department came under fire for violating their own policies by allowing Nifong to act as the de facto head of the investigation; using an unreliable suspect-only photo identification procedure with Mangum; pursuing the case despite vast discrepancies in notes taken by Investigator Benjamin Himan and Sgt. Mark Gottlieb; and distributing a poster presuming the suspects' guilt shortly after the allegations.[10] Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans brought a lawsuit against Duke University, which was settled, with the university paying approximately $20 million to each claiment. The claimants also sought further unspecified damages and called for criminal justice reform laws in a federal civil rights lawsuit against the City of Durham.[10]
    • Timeline of events [ edit ] Events at the house [ edit ] The house at 610 North Buchanan Boulevard (demolished in July 2010)
    • In March 2006, Crystal Mangum,[11][12] a student at North Carolina Central University,[4] had been working part-time for about two months as a stripper. Although Mangum claimed that she had only recently taken up stripping, she had actually worked at strip clubs as early as 2002: when she was arrested that year for stealing a taxi and trying to run over a police officer, the incident report stated that she had been lap dancing at a strip club that evening.[13]
    • On March 13, 2006, a party was held at 610 North Buchanan Boulevard, a house owned by Duke University and used as the off-campus residence of the Duke lacrosse team captains. The party was intended as compensation for the team having to remain on campus and miss Spring Break. The players were consuming alcohol at the party. Several players did not know that strippers were being hired until the players arrived at the party and were asked to contribute to the strippers' fees.[14]
    • A team captain contacted Allure, an escort service, and requested two white strippers. However, the two women who arrived, Mangum and Kim Mera Roberts (aka Kim Mera Pittman), were respectively black and biracial (half-black/half-Asian). Before arriving at the party, Mangum, by her own admission, had consumed alcohol and Flexeril (a prescription muscle relaxant).[15] Mangum and Roberts traveled to the party separately. Roberts drove herself and arrived first, and Mangum was later dropped off by a man.[16][17][18]
    • According to the team captains, one player asked if the strippers had any sex toys, and Roberts responded by asking if the player's penis was too small. The player then brandished a broomstick and suggested that she "use this [as a sex toy]". This exchange of words abruptly stopped the performance, and both strippers shut themselves in the home's bathroom. While the women were still in the bathroom, players Reade Seligmann and Collin Finnerty left the house. The women eventually came out, and Mangum roamed around the yard half-dressed and shouting.[17]
    • According to Mangum, the women were coaxed back into the house with an apology, at which point they were separated. She asserts she was then dragged into a bathroom and raped, beaten, and choked for a half hour.[19] Later, police received a 9-1-1 call from a woman complaining that white men gathered outside the home where the party took place had called her racial slurs and threatened to sodomize her with a broomstick.[19]
    • Some of the party attendees expressed displeasure that the strippers had delivered a very short performance despite being paid several hundred dollars apiece to perform. The team captain who had hired the strippers tried to convince the women to come back into the house and complete the performance. Both women came back into the house, but upon being approached by the player who had earlier held up the broomstick, again refused to perform and locked themselves in the bathroom. By this point, a number of the party guests had left, and the residents of the house, including player David Evans, were asking the remaining guests to leave because they were concerned that the noise would cause neighbors to complain to police. When the strippers left the bathroom and the house for the second time, a resident locked the door so they (and the guests who had left the house) could not get back in.[18]
    • Shortly before 1 a.m., Mangum and Roberts entered Roberts's vehicle. Roberts called the partygoers "short dick white boys", and jeered at a player about "how he couldn't get it on his own and had to pay for it",[20] to which one player yelled, "We asked for whites, not niggers." Mangum and Roberts departed in Roberts's car.[17][21] Roberts then called 9-1-1 and reported that she had just come from 610 North Buchanan and a "white guy" had yelled "nigger" at her from near the East Campus wall. The party ended shortly thereafter and everyone, including the residents, left the house. Police later went to the house as a result of Roberts's complaint, but got no answer at the door; a neighbor confirmed that a party held earlier had ended.[22]
    • After departure [ edit ] As Roberts drove away with Mangum, the two women began to argue. Roberts stopped the car and attempted to push Mangum out.[23] When that failed, Roberts drove Mangum to a nearby Kroger supermarket, went inside, and told a female security guard that a woman was refusing to leave her car. The guard walked to the car and asked Mangum to leave, but Mangum remained in the vehicle. The guard later said she had not smelled alcohol on Mangum's breath, but thought she might have been under the influence of other drugs. At 1:22 AM, the guard called 9-1-1 to report that Mangum refused to leave the car. Police then arrived, removed Mangum from the car and questioned her.[24]
    • As Mangum had no identification, would not talk to police, was having difficulty walking, and seemed severely impaired, police took her to Durham Center Access, a mental-health and substance-abuse facility, for involuntary commitment. During the admission process, she claimed that she had been raped prior to her arrival.[22][25]
    • Mangum was transferred to Duke University Medical Center. Examination of her skin, arms, and legs revealed no swelling, no abnormalities, and three small cuts on her right knee and right heel. When asked, she specifically and repeatedly denied receiving any physical blows by hands. Further examination showed no tenderness in the back, chest, and neck.[26] There was, however, diffuse swelling of her vagina. Mangum later claimed that she had performed using a vibrator for a couple in a hotel room shortly before the lacrosse team party. This activity, or a yeast infection, could have caused the swelling. Investigators did not note any other injuries in the rest of the report.[27][28][29][30][31]
    • McFadyen e-mail [ edit ] A couple of hours after the party ended, Ryan McFadyen, a member of the lacrosse team, sent an e-mail to other players saying that he planned to have some strippers over, kill them, and cut off their skin while wearing his Duke-issue spandex and ejaculating.[32]
    • The e-mail began:
    • To whom it may concern, tomorrow night, after tonights show, ive decided to have some strippers over to edens 2c. all are welcome.. however there will be no nudity. I plan on killing the bitches as soon as the[y] walk in and proceding [sic] to cut their skin off while cumming in my duke issue spandex . . all in besides arch and tack [two of his teammates] please respond[33]
    • Some of the players suggested the e-mail was intended as humorous irony. Administrators asserted the e-mail was an imitation of Patrick Bateman, the protagonist in the Bret Easton Ellis novel, American Psycho, which was read and lectured upon in more than one Duke class, as shown by the e-mail responses from other players. One response read, "I'll bring the Phil Collins," another reference to the American Psycho book and film. Police released the McFadyen e-mail but refused to release the following e-mail exchanges, leaving the impression that the McFadyen e-mail was actually intended as a serious threat. McFadyen thereafter received a thousand death threats in one week.[34]
    • The e-mail led many people to assume guilt on the part of the players.[33] McFadyen was not charged with any crime, but he was temporarily suspended from Duke, with the university citing safety concerns. He was invited back to Duke to continue his studies later that summer.[35]
    • Investigation and prosecution [ edit ] Arrests and investigation timeline [ edit ] On March 14, 2006, the day after the party, the Durham Police Department (DPD) began their investigation into the rape allegations by interviewing Mangum and searching 610 North Buchanan pursuant to a warrant. The three team captains who lived at the house, including Evans, voluntarily gave statements and DNA samples to police and offered to take lie detector tests. The police turned down the offer.[36][17][37] The DPD made their investigation public on March 15, when Sgt. Mark Gottlieb, the police supervisor, posted on a digital community bulletin board that they were investigating the rape of a young woman by three males at 610 North Buchanan on March 13, and asking anyone in the area who saw or heard anything unusual to contact Investigator Benjamin Himan.[37]
    • Between March 16 and 21, police showed Mangum photo arrays in an attempt to have her identify her attackers. Each photo array only contained photographs of lacrosse team members, and did not follow the DPD's recommended policy of including photos of individuals not regarded as potential suspects (known as "fillers"). Mangum identified Seligmann as someone who attended the party, but not as an attacker, and did not identify Evans at all despite seeing his photo twice.[38]
    • On March 27, Durham County District Attorney Mike Nifong received his first briefing on the case from Gottlieb and Himan. Within a few hours of receiving the briefing, Nifong made his first public statement on the case. Over the following week, Nifong by his own estimate gave fifty to seventy interviews and devoted more than forty hours to reporters. After that, he continued to make statements, although less frequently. Many of these statements concerned the team members' alleged failure or refusal to provide information to law enforcement authorities; their invocation of their constitutional rights; or Nifong's own opinions that a crime had occurred, that it was racially motivated, and that one or more lacrosse players were guilty.[39]
    • Mangum was shown another photo array containing only photos of the 46 white lacrosse team members, including members who had not attended the party, and with no fillers. The photos were shown to Mangum as a PowerPoint presentation, with each photo projected individually to Mangum, instead of displaying all the pictures arrayed together. For the first time, Mangum identified photos of Seligmann, Evans, and Finnerty as her attackers. She also identified at least one other photo as being a player who was present at the party; further investigation showed he had not been there.[38]
    • On April 10, an attorney retained by one of the lacrosse players stated that time-stamped photographs existed which showed that Mangum was already injured when she arrived at the party, and was very impaired.[40] Players' attorneys announced that DNA testing by the North Carolina state crime lab had failed to connect any members of the Duke men's lacrosse team to the alleged rape.[41]
    • Seligmann and Finnerty were arrested and indicted on April 18 on charges of first degree forcible rape, first degree sexual offense and kidnapping.[42][43][44][45] The same day, search warrants were executed on Finnerty and Seligmann's dorm rooms.[46] Seligmann reportedly told multiple teammates, "I'm glad they picked me", alluding to a solid alibi in the form of ATM records, photographs, cell phone records, an affidavit from a taxi driver, and a record of his DukeCard being swiped at his dorm.[47][48]
    • DNA Security Inc. (DSI), a private company engaged by Nifong to perform a second round of DNA testing, produced an incomplete[49] report which contained an analysis of DNA found on false fingernails discarded by Mangum in the bathroom trash bin, and concluded that 2% of the male population, including Evans, could not be excluded from a match with the fingernail DNA.[50] DSI director Brian Meehan later testified that, pursuant to an agreement between himself and Nifong, he had deliberately withheld information from the lab's report.[49]
    • On May 15, 2006, former team captain and 2006 Duke graduate[51] Evans became the third player to be indicted on charges of first-degree forcible rape, sexual offense and kidnapping. Just before turning himself in at the Durham County Detention Center, he made a public statement declaring his innocence and his expectation of being cleared of the charges within weeks.[52][53][54][55]
    • Court documents revealed that Roberts, in her initial statement, had said she was with Mangum the entire evening except for a period of less than five minutes. Additionally, after hearing Mangum claim she was sexually assaulted, she called her claims "a crock".[56]
    • On December 22, 2006, Nifong dropped the rape charges against all three lacrosse players after Mangum told an investigator a different version of events and said she was no longer sure about some aspects of her original story. The kidnapping and sexual offense charges were still pending against all three players.[57]
    • On December 28, 2006, the North Carolina bar filed ethics charges against Nifong over his conduct in the case, accusing him of making public statements that were prejudicial to the administration of justice and heightened public condemnation of the accused, and of engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation. The 17-page document accused Nifong of violating four rules of professional conduct, listing more than 100 examples of statements he made to the media.[39][58]
    • On January 12, 2007, Nifong sent a letter to North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper asking to be taken off the case, citing the responsibility of the case to the Attorney General's office.[59] The following day, January 13, Cooper announced that his office would take over the case.[60]
    • On January 24, 2007, the North Carolina State Bar filed a second round of ethics charges against Nifong for a systematic abuse of prosecutorial discretion that was prejudicial to the administration of justice when he withheld DNA evidence to mislead the court.[61]
    • On March 23, 2007, Justin Paul Caulfield, a legal analyst for the sports magazine Inside Lacrosse, stated on Fox News that the charges against Evans, Finnerty, and Seligmann would soon be dropped.[62] While the North Carolina Attorney General's Office first disputed the report, on April 11, 2007, it announced that it had dismissed all charges against the three lacrosse players.[63] Cooper not only dismissed the charges but also took the unusual step of declaring the accused players innocent. Cooper also announced that Mangum would not be prosecuted, stating that investigators and attorneys that had interviewed her thought "she may actually believe the many different stories that she has been telling ... it's in the best interest of justice not to bring charges".[64]
    • On April 12, 2007, the attorney general, in declaring Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans innocent, also called Nifong a "rogue prosecutor".[65][66][67]
    • DNA tests [ edit ] Shortly after the party, the prosecution ordered 46 of the 47 lacrosse team members to provide DNA samples, although some members had been absent from the party. The sole black member of the team was exempt because Mangum had stated that her attackers were white. On April 10, 2006, it was announced that DNA testing by the state crime lab had failed to connect any of the 46 tested team members to the alleged rape.[41]
    • After the initial tests by the state crime lab, prosecutor Nifong sought the services of a private laboratory, DNA Security, Inc. (aka DSI) of Burlington, North Carolina, to conduct additional tests. DNA from multiple unidentified males was found inside Mangum and upon the rape kit items that had been tested, but none matched any of the lacrosse players.[68] Nifong falsely represented to the court and the public that DNA had only been found from a single male source, Mangum's boyfriend.[69][70]
    • In a motion made on December 15, 2006, defense attorneys argued that the DNA analysis report written by DSI and provided to them by Nifong's office was incomplete, because it omitted information showing that none of the genetic material from several men found on Mangum matched any DNA sample from the lacrosse team. Brian Meehan, the director of DSI who wrote the misleading report, testified that his lab did not try to withhold information, but acknowledged that the decision not to release the full report violated the lab's policies. Meehan testified that after discussions with Nifong, he decided to withhold the names of the persons excluded by the DNA testing (all 46 tested members of the lacrosse team) to protect the privacy of players not implicated in the case, despite the fact that two players (Reade Seligmann and Collin Finnerty) had already been indicted for rape more than three weeks prior to the release date of the report.[49][71] Meehan was later fired in October 2007 based on this incident.[72]
    • DNA was also taken from all surfaces of three of Mangum's false fingernails retrieved from the trash in the party house bathroom (widely but inaccurately reported as DNA taken only from the "underside" of a single fingernail). According to DNA Security, the fingernail DNA showed some characteristics similar to lacrosse player David Evans's DNA. However, the match was not conclusive, as 2% of the male population (including Evans) could not be excluded based on the sample.[50][73] In addition, because Evans lived in the house, defense attorneys contended that any DNA present might have come from the tissue paper, cotton swabs, or other hygiene-related trash that had been in the garbage can along with the fingernail. This was confirmed later by Attorney General Cooper's investigation: "to the extent that Evans's DNA could not be excluded, the SBI experts confirmed that the DNA could easily have been transferred to the fingernails from other materials in the trash can".[38]
    • Nifong contended that lack of DNA evidence is not unusual and that 75''80% of all sexual assault cases lack DNA evidence. Rape victims often delay reporting by days or weeks, inadvertently destroying DNA evidence. However, in this case, Mangum had a rape-kit exam administered only hours after the end of the party, so the absence of DNA evidence was considered unlikely by legal experts.[74]
    • At Nifong's subsequent ethics trial on June 14, 2007, the complete DNA findings were revealed during defense attorney Brad Bannon's testimony. According to conservative estimates, the lab had discovered at least two unidentified males' DNA in Mangum's pubic region; at least two unidentified males' DNA in her rectum; at least four to five unidentified males' DNA on her underpants; and at least one identified male's DNA in her vagina.[75]
    • Collin Finnerty previous incident [ edit ] In November 2005, Finnerty and two of his Chaminade High School lacrosse teammates were charged with misdemeanor simple assault in Washington, D.C., following an altercation with a Washington man outside a Georgetown bar.[76] Finnerty was accused of threatening and taunting the man.[77]
    • Although the man alleged that Finnerty had pushed and threatened him, the man was actually punched by a third party (a friend of Finnerty), who admitted to the punch.[78] Witnesses later testified that Finnerty himself had actually been hit in the head by a friend of the alleged victim.[79] Although the man alleged that Finnerty and his companions had called him "gay" (among other derogatory names),[76] the incident was not prosecuted as a hate crime. Finnerty was initially accepted into a diversion program for first offenders, allowing for the simple assault charge to be dismissed upon his completion of community service.[76]
    • However, after the Durham charges appeared, the Washington, D.C. prosecutor cancelled his diversion agreement and proceeded with the assault charge. At trial, the chief defense witness was not permitted to testify and police officers presented details which were not in their notes.[citation needed ]
    • Finnerty was convicted and sentenced to six months' probation. Afterwards, he was repeatedly threatened by the judge (John H. Bayly, Jr.) with confinement; once, after an anonymous blog post falsely accused him of violating an order preventing him from being in Georgetown; and again after he was absent from home and missed an obligatory curfew in order to be in Durham to work on his defense there, an absence which he had previously cleared with the judge.[80] Some observers[who? ] noted the similarity of this treatment with previous attempts by the government to pressure witnesses to testify in a certain manner.[81] On December 28, 2006, shortly after the Durham rape charges against Finnerty were dropped, Judge Bayly ended Finnerty's probation.
    • In January 2007, Finnerty's assault conviction was vacated (by an order signed by Bayly) and his record was cleared.[82]
    • Defense and media questioning [ edit ] Credibility of Crystal Mangum as accuser [ edit ] Possible intoxication and mental state [ edit ] Lawyers for the Duke lacrosse players have said that Mangum was intoxicated with alcohol and possibly other drugs on the night of the party.[83] By the accuser's own admission to police, she had taken prescription Flexeril and drank "one or two large-size beers" before she went to the party.[84]
    • The Attorney General's office later noted that Mangum had taken Ambien, methadone, Paxil, and amitriptyline, although when she began taking these medications is uncertain.[38] She had a long history of mental problems and suffers from bipolar disorder.[85]
    • Inconsistencies in Mangum's story [ edit ] Over the course of the scandal, police reports, media investigations, and defense attorneys' motions and press conferences brought to light several key inconsistencies in Mangum's story.[85][86]
    • Some of the questions about her credibility were:
    • Durham police said that Mangum kept changing her story and was not credible, reporting that she initially told them she was raped by 20 white men, later reducing the number to only three.Another police report states that Mangum initially claimed she was only groped, rather than raped, but changed her story before going to the hospital.On December 22, 2006, Nifong dropped the rape charges after Mangum stated that she was penetrated from behind but that she did not know with what. In North Carolina, penetration with an object is considered sexual assault, not rape.[87]On January 11, 2007, several more inconsistencies came to light after the defense filed a motion detailing her interview on December 21, 2006. For example, she changed details about when she was attacked, who attacked her, and how they attacked her:[88][89]In the new version from the December 21 interview, Mangum claims she was attacked from 11:35 p.m. to midnight, much earlier than her previous accusations. This new timing is before the well-documented alibi evidence for Reade Seligmann that places him away from the house. However, the defense revealed that this new timing would suggest Seligmann was on the phone with his girlfriend during the height of the attack. Additionally, she received an incoming call at 11:36 p.m. and somebody stayed on the line for 3 minutes, which would be during the party according to the new timetable.The new statement contradicts time-stamped photos that show her dancing between 12:00 and 12:04 a.m. It would also mean that they stayed at the party for nearly an hour after the supposed attack since Kim Roberts drove her away at 12:53 a.m. In her April statement, Mangum said they left immediately after the attack.Mangum changed the names of her attackers, claiming they had used multiple pseudonyms.The accuser also changed her description of Evans. She previously claimed that she was attacked by a man that looked like Evans except with a mustache, but later stated that the assailant just had a five o'clock shadow.Mangum claimed that Evans stood in front of her, making her perform oral sex on him. Previously, she stated that Seligmann did this. In the latest statement, she stated that Seligmann did not commit any sex act on her and that he had said that he could not participate because he was getting married. Although he has a girlfriend, there has never been anything to suggest he was engaged or getting married.North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper said Mangum told many different accounts of the attack. In one account, she claimed she was suspended in mid-air and was being assaulted by all three of them in the bathroom. Cooper then said this event seemed very implausible because of the small size of the bathroom. According to a 60 Minutes investigation, Mangum gave at least a dozen different stories.In its own investigation, The News & Observer, North Carolina's second largest newspaper, determined that Mangum gave at least five different versions of the incident to police and medical interviewers by August 2006.[28]Mangum, at one point, claimed both Evans and Finnerty helped her into her car upon departure. However, a photo shows her being helped by another player, while electronic records and witnesses reported that Evans and Finnerty had already left. Upon seeing the photo, Mangum claimed that it must have been doctored or that Duke University paid someone off.[90]Mangum did not consistently choose the same three defendants in the photo lineups. Media reports have disclosed at least two photo lineups that occurred in March and April in which she was asked to recall who she saw at the party and in what capacity. In the March lineup, she did not choose Dave Evans at all. There was only one individual she identified as being at the party with 100% certainty during both procedures '' Brad Ross.[91] After being identified, Ross provided to police investigators indisputable evidence that he was with his girlfriend at North Carolina State University before, during, and after the party through cell phone records as well as an affidavit from a witness.[91][92]Other credibility issues [ edit ] The Duke defense lawyers or media reports have indicated:
    • The second stripper who performed at the house, Kim Roberts, said that Mangum was not raped. She stated that Mangum was not obviously hurt. Likewise, she refuted other aspects of Mangum's story including denying that she helped dress Mangum after the party and saying that they were not forcefully separated by players as Mangum had reported.[93]DNA results revealed that Mangum had sex with a man who was not a Duke lacrosse player. Attorney Joseph Cheshire said the tests indicated DNA from a single male source came from a vaginal swab. Media outlets reported that this DNA was from her boyfriend.[69]However, it was later revealed that DNA from multiple males who were neither the lacrosse players nor Mangum's boyfriend had been found, but that these findings had been deliberately withheld from the Court and the defense.[94]
    • She had made a similar claim in the past which she did not pursue. On August 18, 1996, the dancer '' then 18 years old '' told a police officer in Creedmoor she had been raped by three men in June 1993, according to a police document. The officer who took the woman's report at that time asked her to write a detailed timeline of the night's events and bring the account back to the police, but she never returned.[12][95][96]The strip club's security officer said that Mangum told co-workers four days after the party that she was going to get money from some boys at a Duke party who had not paid her, mentioning that the boys were white. The security guard did not make a big deal of it because he felt that no one took her seriously.[97]Mangum was arrested in 2002 for stealing a cab from a strip club where she had been working. She led police officers on a high-speed chase before she was apprehended, at which point her blood alcohol level was more than twice the legal limit.[98] She was sentenced to three weekends in detention.[11][99] [ edit ] Lawyers and media have questioned the methods of the photo identification process, and have argued that the police supervisor in the case, Sgt. Mark Gottlieb, has unfairly targeted Duke students in the past.[100]
    • Photo identification [ edit ] Lawyers and media reports alike suggested the photo identification process was severely flawed. During the photo identifications, Mangum was told that she would be viewing Duke University lacrosse players who attended the party, and was asked if she remembered seeing them at the party and in what capacity. Defense attorneys claimed this was essentially a "multiple-choice test in which there were no wrong answers",[101] while Duke law professor James Earl Coleman Jr. posits that "[t]he officer was telling the witness that all are suspects, and say, in effect, 'Pick three.' It's so wrong."[102]
    • U.S. Department of Justice guidelines suggest including at least five non-suspect filler photos for each suspect included,[103] as did the Durham Police Department's own General Order 4077, adopted in February 2006.[104]
    • Ross (the only player she identified as attending the party with 100% certainty during both procedures) provided police investigators with evidence that he was with his girlfriend at North Carolina State University before, during, and after the party through cell phone records and an affidavit from a witness. Another person whom the accuser had identified in April also provided police with evidence that he did not attend the party at all. In regards to Seligmann's identification, Mangum's confidence increased from 70% in March to 100% in April. Gary Wells '-- an Iowa State University professor and expert on police identification procedures '-- has asserted that memory does not improve with time.[105]
    • According to the transcript of the photo identification released on The Abrams Report, Mangum also stated that David Evans had a mustache on the night of the attack. Evans's lawyer stated that his client has never had a mustache and that photos as well as eyewitness testimony would reveal that Evans has never had a mustache.[106]
    • Accusations of intimidation tactics [ edit ] Defense lawyers suggested police used intimidation tactics on witnesses. On May 11, Moezeldin Elmostafa, an immigrant taxi driver who signed a sworn statement about Seligmann's whereabouts that defense lawyers say provides a solid alibi, was arrested on a 2½-year-old shoplifting charge. Arresting officers first asked if he had anything new to say about the lacrosse case. When he refused to alter his testimony, he was taken into custody. An arrest and conviction would have destroyed his chance for citizenship and could have led to his deportation. Elmostafa was subsequently tried on the shoplifting charge and acquitted, after a grainy security tape proved that a security guard who was the prosecution's chief witness had "misremembered" events.[107][108]
    • Police also arrested Mangum's former husband, Kenneth McNeil; her boyfriend, Matthew Murchison; and another friend, with the disposition of their own separate cases entirely in the hands of District Attorney Nifong. The daughter of Durham's police chief was arrested on an old warrant, and the chief himself remained absent from duty and invisible to the press for most of the case.[109]
    • Supervisor [ edit ] The News & Observer suggested that the supervisor of the lacrosse investigation, Sgt. Mark Gottlieb, had unfairly targeted Duke students in the past, putting some of his investigational tactics into question. Gottlieb has made a disproportionate number of arrests of Duke students for misdemeanor violations, such as carrying an open container of alcohol. Normally, these violations earn offenders a pink ticket similar to a traffic ticket.
    • From May 2005 to February 2006, when Sgt. Gottlieb was a patrol officer in District 2, he made 28 total arrests. Twenty of those arrests were Duke students, and at least 15 were handcuffed and taken to jail. This is in stark contrast to the other two officers on duty in the same district during that same 10-month period. They made 64 total arrests, only two of which were Duke students. Similarly, The News & Observer charges that Gottlieb treated non-students very differently. For example, he wrote up a young man for illegally carrying a concealed .45-caliber handgun and possession of marijuana (crimes far more severe than the Duke students who were taken to jail committed), but did not take him to jail. Residents complimented Gottlieb for dealing fairly with loud parties and disorderly conduct by students.[100]
    • Duke's student newspaper, The Chronicle, depicted other examples of violence and dishonesty from Sgt. Gottlieb. It published that one student threw a party at his rental home off-East Campus before the Rolling Stones concert in October 2005. The morning after the concert, at 3 A.M., Sgt. Gottlieb led a raid on the home with nine other officers while the students were half asleep. It reported that one student was dragged out of bed and then dragged down the stairs. It reported that all seven housemates were put in handcuffs, arrested, and taken into custody for violating a noise ordinance and open container of alcohol violations. Sgt. Gottlieb reportedly told one student, an American citizen of Serbian descent, that the student could be deported. Other stories include the throwing of a 130 pound male against his car for an open container of alcohol violation, refusing the ID of a student since he was international, searching through a purse without a warrant, refusing to tell a student her rights, and accusations of perjury.[110]
    • [ edit ] Possible political motivation [ edit ] At the time the rape allegations were made in March 2006, Mike Nifong was in the midst of a difficult Democratic primary election campaign to keep his position as Durham County District Attorney, facing strong opposition. It was understood that if Nifong lost the primary, he would very likely lose his job. Some commentators have opined that Nifong's prosecution of the Duke lacrosse players and his many statements to the media were driven by his political strategy to attract African-American voters. The primary was held on May 6, 2006, and Nifong won by a slim margin of 883 votes. Results showed Nifong won the primary on the basis of strong support from the black community. Nifong went on to win the general election in November 2006, although by a lower margin than usual for Democratic candidates in Durham County at that time.[111]
    • Prosecution's chief investigator [ edit ] Nifong hired Linwood E. Wilson as his chief investigator. During Wilson's private detective career, at least seven formal inquiries into his conduct were performed. In 1997, Wilson was reprimanded by the state commission. After his appeal of the decision was rejected, he allowed his detective license to expire. In response to criticism, Wilson stated that no one had ever questioned his integrity. On June 25, 2007, shortly after Nifong's disbarment and removal from office, it was reported that Nifong's replacement, interim district attorney Jim Hardin Jr., fired Wilson from his post.[112]
    • Wider effects [ edit ] Effects on Duke faculty [ edit ] Mike Pressler, the coach of the lacrosse team, received threatening e-mails and hate calls, had castigating signs placed on his property, and was the frequent victim of vandalism in the aftermath of the accusations.[47] On April 5, 2006, he resigned (later revealed to have been forced) shortly after the McFadyen e-mail became public. Through his lawyer, he stated that his resignation was not an admission of wrongdoing on his part.[47][113] On the same day, Richard H. Brodhead, president of Duke University, suspended the remainder of the lacrosse season.[114]
    • Other Duke faculty members (sometimes referred to as the Group of 88[115] or the "Gang of 88") have been criticized for their "Social Disaster" letter as well as individual comments and reactions which created a perception of prejudgment.[116]
    • Effect on Duke students [ edit ] Shortly after the party, the University's president warned in a school-wide e-mail of threats of gang violence against Duke students.[117] Other Duke students claimed they had been threatened.[118] Mobs protested outside the house that had been the site of the party, banging pots and pans at early hours of the morning.[119]
    • Photographs of lacrosse team members had been posted prominently around Durham and on the Duke University campus with accompanying captions requesting that they come forward with information about the incident.[120]
    • Media policies regarding identity revelation of accusers and accused [ edit ] Fox News was the sole national television news outlet to reveal Mangum's photo following the dismissal of the case, although MSNBC and 60 Minutes revealed her name.[4] Several major broadcasters did not publish Mangum's name at any point, including ABC, PBS, CNN, and NBC.[citation needed ]
    • Publication of Mangum's identity [ edit ] Partially obscured photos of Mangum at the party were broadcast by The Abrams Report on cable news channel MSNBC and by local television affiliate NBC 17 WNCN in North Carolina. On April 21, 2006, outspoken talk-radio host Tom Leykis disclosed Mangum's name during his nationally syndicated talk-radio program. Leykis has disclosed identities of accusers of sexual assault in the past. On May 15, 2006, MSNBC host Tucker Carlson disclosed Mangum's first name only on his show, Tucker.[121] Court records presented by the defense revealed Mangum's name.[citation needed ]
    • On April 11, 2007, several other mainstream media sources revealed or used Mangum's name and/or picture after the attorney general dropped all the charges and declared the players innocent. These sources include: CBS,[90] The News & Observer,[122] WRAL,[123] all The McClatchy Company's newspapers (which includes 24 newspapers across the country), Fox News, The Charlotte Observer, the New York Post, Comedy Central's The Daily Show (airdate April 12, 2007) and MSNBC.[124]
    • [ edit ] The allegations have inflamed already strained relations between Duke University and its host city of Durham, with members of the Duke lacrosse team being vilified in the press and defamed on and off campus. On May 1, 2006, the New Black Panthers held a protest outside Duke University.[125] The case drew national attention and highlighted racial tensions within the Durham area.[126]
    • Jesse Jackson and Rainbow/PUSH involvement [ edit ] In 2006, Jesse Jackson promised the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition would pay the college tuition for Mangum. Jackson said the tuition offer would still be good even if Mangum had fabricated her story.[127]
    • Aftermath [ edit ] Mike Nifong [ edit ] On June 16, 2007, the North Carolina State Bar ordered Nifong disbarred after the bar's three-member disciplinary panel unanimously found him guilty of fraud, dishonesty, deceit or misrepresentation; of making false statements of material fact before a judge; of making false statements of material fact before bar investigators, and of lying about withholding exculpatory DNA evidence.[128]
    • Following the state bar's announcement, Nifong submitted a letter of resignation from his post as Durham County district attorney, that would have become effective in July 2007. However, on June 18, Durham Superior Court Judge Orlando Hudson ordered that Nifong be immediately removed from office.[129]
    • On August 31, 2007, Nifong was held in criminal contempt of court for knowingly making false statements to the court during the criminal proceedings. Durham Superior Court Judge W. Osmond Smith III sentenced Nifong to one day in jail, which he subsequently served.[130]
    • Crystal Mangum [ edit ] On December 15, 2006, it was reported that Mangum was pregnant and the judge in the case ordered a paternity test.[71][131][132]
    • In May 2008, Mangum graduated from North Carolina Central University with a degree in police psychology.[133]
    • On August 22, 2008, a press release announced the planned publication in October 2008 of a memoir by Mangum, The Last Dance for Grace: The Crystal Mangum Story.[134]
    • The press release indicated the book "can't and doesn't deal with the complex legal aspects of the case" but that "the muddling of facts about Crystal's life, along with North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper's desire to settle the dispute over open file discovery, swallowed the case whole". Defense attorney Joseph Cheshire responded to the news by saying that if the book was truthful, "I think it would be fabulous, and I don't think anybody would think badly about her in any way, shape or form", but that if the memoir did not acknowledge the falsity of her allegations against the players, that he would advise them to initiate civil action against her.[135] Her book was published later that year. In it, she continued to contend that she had been raped at the party and that the dropping of the case was politically motivated. The book outlined her earlier life, including a claim that she was first raped at the age of 14.[136]
    • In November 2013, she was found guilty of second-degree murder after she stabbed boyfriend Reginald Daye, who died 10 days after.[137] She argued that she acted in self-defense, fearing that Daye would kill her.[138] She was sentenced to 14 to 18 years in prison.
    • Reade Seligmann, Collin Finnerty, and David Evans [ edit ] On June 18, 2007, Duke University announced that it had reached a settlement with Seligmann, Finnerty and Evans.[139] No details of the settlement were disclosed.
    • According to pro-Nifong conspiracy theorists, Duke reportedly agreed to pay $60 million to the three accused (with each player receiving $20 million) subject to confidentiality requirements.[140] Seligmann's attorney told the New York Daily News that the settlement was "nowhere near that much money".[141]
    • Seligmann enrolled as a student at Brown University in the fall of 2007, and was an important part of Brown reaching the 2009 NCAA lacrosse tournament as well as a number 10 national ranking.[142] He became an active fundraiser and supporter for the Innocence Project.[143] He graduated from Brown in 2010 and from Emory University School of Law in 2013. He has stated that his experience during the Duke lacrosse case motivated him to attend law school and pursue a legal career.[144][145]
    • Finnerty enrolled at Loyola College in Maryland, leading the team in scoring as the Greyhounds qualified for the 2010 NCAA lacrosse tournament.[146] Finnerty graduated from Loyola in May 2010.[145]
    • David Evans, who had already graduated from Duke before being charged, received an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in May 2012.[147]
    • Duke men's lacrosse team [ edit ] Not a month goes by when I am not reminded of the damage those accusations have had on my reputation and the public's perception of my character. Sometimes only time can heal wounds.
    • '--'‰
    • anonymous Duke lacrosse player, 30 for 30, Fantastic Lies, (2016)In January 2007, lacrosse team member Kyle Dowd filed a lawsuit against Duke University and against a visiting associate professor and member of the Group of 88, Kim Curtis, claiming he and another teammate were given failing grades on their final paper as a form of retaliation after the scandal broke.[148][149] The case was settled with the terms undisclosed except that Dowd's grade was altered to a P (for "Pass").[150]
    • Professor Houston Baker, who continued to accuse Dowd and the others of being "hooligans" and "rapists", called Dowd's mother "the mother of a farm animal" after she e-mailed him. Duke Provost Peter Lange responded to Baker, criticizing Baker for prejudging the team based on race and gender, citing this as a classic tactic of racism.[151]
    • Duke's Athletic Director at the time, Joe Alleva, who forced lacrosse coach Mike Pressler's resignation, faced criticism for his handling of this case. In 2008, Alleva announced he was leaving Duke for the Athletic Director position at Louisiana State University.[152] The lacrosse team, reinstated for the 2007 season, reached the NCAA Finals as the #1 seed. The Blue Devils lost to the Johns Hopkins University Blue Jays in the championship, 12''11.[153]
    • In May 2007, Duke requested that the NCAA restore a year's eligibility to the players on the 2006 men's team, part of whose season was canceled. The NCAA granted the team's request for another year of eligibility, which applies to the 33 members of the 2006 team who were underclassmen in 2006 and who remained at Duke in 2007.[142] Four of the seniors from 2006 attended graduate school at Duke in 2007 and played for the team.[146] In 2010, the final year in which the team included fifth-year seniors (freshmen in 2006), Duke won the NCAA Lacrosse Championship beating Notre Dame, 6''5 in overtime, to give the school its first lacrosse championship.[154]
    • On June 7, 2007, it was announced that lacrosse coach Mike Pressler and Duke had reached a financial settlement. Pressler was later hired as coach by Division II (now Division I) Bryant University in Rhode Island. In October 2007, Pressler filed suit seeking to undo the settlement and hold a trial on his wrongful termination claim on the grounds that Duke spokesman John Burness had made disparaging comments about him. After Duke failed in an attempt to have the case dismissed, the matter was settled in 2010 with Duke apologizing in a press release but refusing to comment regarding any compensation to Pressler.[155]
    • On August 25, 2007, multiple sources predicted the players would file a federal civil-rights lawsuit against the city of Durham.[156]
    • Duke University [ edit ] On September 29, 2007, Duke President Brodhead, speaking at a two-day conference at Duke Law School on the practice and ethics of trying cases in the media, apologized for "causing the families to feel abandoned when they most needed support."[157]
    • On July 12, 2010, Duke demolished the house where the party had taken place, 610 North Buchanan Boulevard, after it had sat unoccupied for the four years following the Duke lacrosse case.[158]
    • Sgt. Mark Gottlieb [ edit ] In July 2014, Sgt. Mark Gottlieb died by suicide in DeKalb County, Georgia, where he had worked as a paramedic.[159]
    • Lawsuits filed by players [ edit ] On September 7, 2007, it was reported that the three accused players (Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans), who had already settled with Duke University, planned to file a lawsuit for violations of their civil rights against the city of Durham and several city employees, unless the city agreed to a settlement including payment of $30 million over five years and the passage of new criminal justice reform laws. The city's liability insurance covers up to $5 million.[10]
    • Lawyers cited three main areas of vulnerability for the city:
    • The suspect-only photo identification procedure given to Mangum.Vast discrepancies in notes taken by Investigator Benjamin Himan during his March interview with Mangum and Sgt. Gottlieb's notes in JulyThe release of a CrimeStoppers poster by the police shortly after the allegations that a woman "was sodomized, raped, assaulted and robbed. This horrific crime sent shock waves throughout our community."[10]Durham declined the settlement offer and on October 5, 2007, the three accused players filed a federal lawsuit alleging a broad conspiracy to frame them. Named in the suit were Nifong, the lab that handled the DNA work, the city of Durham, the city's former police chief, the deputy police chief, the two police detectives who handled the case and five other police department employees. The players were seeking unspecified damages, and also wanted to place the Durham Police Department under court supervision for 10 years, claiming the actions of the police department posed "a substantial risk of irreparable injury to other persons in the City of Durham". According to the suit, Nifong engineered the conspiracy to help him win support for his election bid. Nifong reportedly told his campaign manager that the case would provide "'millions of dollars' in free advertising".[160]
    • On January 15, 2008, the city of Durham filed a motion to remove itself as a defendant, arguing it had no responsibility for Nifong's actions. On the same day, Nifong filed for bankruptcy.[161] On May 27, 2008, Judge William L. Stocks lifted the stay from Nifong's bankruptcy filing and ruled that the plaintiffs lawsuit could go forward.[162]
    • On March 31, 2011, Judge James Beaty issued a ruling on the Evans et al. case, upholding claims against Nifong and his hired investigator Wilson for conspiracy to commit malicious prosecution in the course of their investigation; the city of Durham for negligence; Nifong, Wilson, and police investigators Gottlieb and Himan for malicious prosecution, concealment of evidence, and fabrication of false evidence. However, the players' civil rights claims, which constituted the bulk of their Complaint, were dismissed on the grounds that the applicable civil rights laws pertained only to persons of African-American descent.[163][verification needed ][dubious '' discuss ]
    • Plaintiffs contend that they have alleged race discrimination as white plaintiffs. However, the § 1985 claims based on this *971 contention fails for two reasons. First, the Supreme Court and Fourth Circuit have indicated an intent to limit the protections of § 1985 to discrimination against "those classes of persons who are, so far as the enforcement of their rights is concerned, `in unprotected circumstances similar to those of the victims of Klan violence.'" Buschi, 775 F.2d at 1258 (quoting United Bhd. of Carpenters, 463 U.S. at 851, 103 S.Ct. at 3368); see also Cloaninger v. McDevitt, No. 106cv135, 2006 WL 2570586 (W.D.N.C. Sept. 3, 2006) ("As recognized by the controlling law in the Fourth Circuit, the only class of persons protected by Section 1985(3) are African Americans.") (citing Harrison, 766 F.2d at 161-62); Stock v. Universal Foods Corp., 817 F. Supp. 1300, 1310 (D.Md.1993) (dismissing § 1985(3) claim because plaintiff, as a white male, was not a member of a class that has suffered historically pervasive discrimination); Blackmon v. Perez, 791 F. Supp. 1086, 1093 (E.D.Va.1992) (dismissing § 1985(3) claims by white plaintiffs because "plaintiffs do not represent a class of persons who [do] not enjoy the possibility of []effective state enforcement of their rights" (internal quotations omitted)).[164]
    • On December 17, 2012, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected all of the players' federal claims in Evans v ChalmersCase No. 11-1436 (C.A. 4), holding:
    • To recapitulate, we hold as follows. We reverse the district court's denial of all defendants' motions to dismiss the federal claims alleged against them. We reverse the court's denial of the City's motion for summary judgment as to the state common-law claims alleged against it. We affirm the court's denial of Officers Gottlieb and Himan's motions to dismiss the state common-law malicious prosecution claims alleged against them. We reverse the court's denial of the officers' motions to dismiss all other state common-law claims. We dismiss for lack of appellate jurisdiction the City's appeal of the state constitutional claims alleged against it. Finally, we remand the cases for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.[165]
    • The only claims to survive this decision were state constitutional claims. Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson III concurred, ruling:
    • A few additional observations may underscore the overblown nature of this case. Plaintiffs have sought to raise every experimental claim and to corral every conceivable defendant. The result is a case on the far limbs of law and one destined, were it to succeed in whole, to spread damage in all directions.[166]
    • On October 7, 2013, the United States Supreme Court denied the Petition for Certorari filed by Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans, declining to review the decision of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.[167]
    • On May 16, 2014, the three accused lacrosse players and the City of Durham settled their long-running lawsuit. Seligmann, Finnerty, and Evans agreed to dismiss their lawsuit and received no monetary compensation whatsoever. The city agreed to make a $50,000 grant to the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission.[168]
    • Lawsuit filed by non-accused players and their families [ edit ] On February 21, 2008, the families of 38 of the lacrosse team's 47 members who were not accused filed a 225-page lawsuit against Duke University, the Duke University Hospital, the city of Durham, and various officials of each organization for multiple claims of harassment, deprivation of civil rights, breach of contract and other claims.[169]
    • A Duke University spokesperson responded that "we have now seen the lawsuit and as we said before, if these plaintiffs have a complaint, it is with Mr. Nifong. Their legal strategy '' attacking Duke '' is misdirected and without merit. To help these families move on, Duke offered to cover the cost of any attorneys' fees or other out-of-pocket expenses, but they rejected this offer. We will vigorously defend the university against these claims."[170][171] The city never released an official response to the suit. The lawsuit against the university was settled out of court in 2013. Neither side would discuss the details of the settlement.[172]
    • ESPN documentary: Fantastic Lies [ edit ] The 2016 documentary film Fantastic Lies, which centered around the case and its aftermath, was part of ESPN's 30 for 30 film series. It premiered on March 13, 2016, 10 years to the day after the lacrosse players hosted the house party where Mangum claimed she was raped.[173]
    • Among the journalists invited to contribute was ESPN college basketball analyst and Duke graduate Jay Bilas, who in his other capacity as a practicing attorney later wrote a letter to the university administration criticizing their handling of the entire situation and describing president Brodhead as "incapable of effectively leading Duke into the future."[174] Crystal Mangum was approached by the film crew to tell her side of the story and agreed to do so, but prison officials would not allow her to be filmed. None of the players involved in the case appeared in the film, but Reade Seligmann's parents and Colin Finnerty's father did.[175][176][177]
    • See also [ edit ] Racial hoaxTawana Brawley rape allegationsA Rape on CampusReferences [ edit ] ^ a b Katz, Neil (February 18, 2010). "Crystal Mangum, stripper who falsely accused Duke lacrosse players, charged with attempted murder". CBS News. CBS . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . In 2006, Mangum, then a North Carolina Central University student earning money as a stripper, said that three Duke lacrosse players raped her ^ Associated Press (November 22, 2013). "North Carolina: Woman in Duke case guilty in killing". The New York Times . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ Yamato, Jen (March 12, 2016). "The stripper who cried 'rape': Revisiting the Duke lacrosse case ten years later". The Daily Beast . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ a b c "Crystal Gail Mangum: Profile of the Duke Rape Accuser" Archived June 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Fox News, April 11, 2007. ^ Siemaszko, Corky (February 18, 2010). "Crystal Gail Mangum, stripper in Duke lacrosse rape case, charged with arson and attempted murder". nydailynews.com. New York . Retrieved September 11, 2010 . ^ "N.C. attorney general: Duke players 'innocent ' ". CNN. April 11, 2007 . Retrieved March 9, 2019 . ^ Beard, Aaron (April 11, 2007). "Prosecutors Drop Charges in Duke Case". The San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 26, 2007 . Retrieved April 11, 2007 . ^ Beard, Aaron (August 31, 2007). "Judge Finds Duke Prosecutor in Contempt". Associated Press. ^ Chambers, Stanley B. Jr. (June 30, 2010). "Duke lacrosse accuser holds press conference to defend herself". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010 . Retrieved August 14, 2020 . ^ a b c d "Ex-players seek $30 million settlement". News & Observer. September 8, 2007. ^ a b Mangum, Crystal G. Archived January 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, North Carolina Department of Correction Public Access Information System ^ a b "Dancer made prior allegation". Duke Chronicle. April 30, 2006. ^ Smolkin, Rachel (August''September 2007). "Justice Delayed". American Journalism Review. Archived from the original on June 10, 2013 . Retrieved November 3, 2014 . ^ Parrish, R. B. (2009) The Duke Lacrosse Case: A Documentary History and Analysis of the Modern Scottsboro, p. 19; ISBN 1-4392-3590-2 ^ Until Proven Innocent, pg. 33 ^ Cohan, William D. (2015). The Price of Silence: The Duke Lacrosse Scandal, The Power of the Elite, and the Corruption of Our Great Universities. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 16''17. ISBN 978-1-4516-8179-6 . Retrieved May 11, 2015 . ^ a b c d Meadows, Amy (April 22, 2007). "What Really Happened That Night at Duke". Newsweek . Retrieved May 12, 2015 . ^ a b Mosteller, Robert P. (December 2007). "The Duke Lacrosse Case, Innocence, and False Identifications: A Fundamental Failure to "Do Justice " " (PDF) . Fordham Law Review. Fordham Univ. 76 (3): 1342''45 . Retrieved May 13, 2015 . ^ a b "Second Duke Stripper Offers Account" . Retrieved 2018-01-17 . ^ Schorn, Daniel (October 11, 2006). "Duke Rape Suspects Speak Out". 60 Minutes. CBS News. p. 3 . Retrieved October 9, 2010 . ^ Coultan, Mark (October 21, 2006). "Doubts over US college rape case". The Age. Melbourne . Retrieved September 11, 2010 . ^ a b Cohan, William D. (2015). The Price of Silence: The Duke Lacrosse Scandal, The Power of the Elite, and the Corruption of Our Great Universities. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 22''25. ISBN 978-1-4516-8179-6 . 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Retrieved April 16, 2010 . ^ Judge James Beaty, Memorandum Opinion, March 31, 2011. ^ "McFadyen v. Duke University, 786 F. Supp. 2d 887 '' CourtListener.com". CourtListener. ^ "Federal Cases > Constitutional Law Evans v Chalmers". Judicial View . Retrieved 2017-05-23 . ^ "Evans V. Chalmers". Caselaw.findlaw.com . Retrieved 2017-05-23 . ^ "Casetext". Casetext . Retrieved 2017-05-23 . ^ "Durham settles with wrongly accused Duke lacrosse players". WRAL.com. 2014-05-16 . Retrieved 2017-05-23 . ^ "Duke Lacrosse Players File Federal Lawsuit Against University, City of Durham". Fox News. February 21, 2008. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009 . Retrieved May 22, 2009 . ^ "Other Duke players, parents file lawsuit". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009 . Retrieved May 22, 2009 . ^ "Duke Lacrosse Players File Federal Lawsuit Against University, City of Durham". FoxNews. February 21, 2008. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009 . Retrieved May 22, 2009 . ^ Harris, Andrew M (March 1, 2013). "Ex-Duke Lacrosse Players End Lawsuit Against School". bloomberg.com . Retrieved May 21, 2017 . ^ Deitsch, Richard (March 9, 2016). "New ESPN 30 for 30 documentary to look back at Duke lacrosse case". Sports Illustrated . Retrieved March 28, 2016 . ^ "A 2006 open letter on leadership and justice". ESPN. March 14, 2016 . Retrieved March 28, 2016 . ^ "Where are they now?". Archived from the original on 2016-09-30 . Retrieved 2016-12-30 . ^ "The Duke Lacrosse Player Still Outrunning His Past". 25 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-11-21 . Retrieved 2016-12-30 . ^ "10 Appalling Moments from the Duke Lacrosse Case". 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-07-22 . Retrieved 2016-12-30 . Further reading [ edit ] Until Proven Innocent: Political Correctness and the Shameful Injustices of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case by Stuart Taylor Jr. and KC Johnson (2007); ISBN 0-312-36912-3It's Not About the Truth: The Untold Story of the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case and the Lives It Shattered by Don Yaeger & Mike Pressler (2007); ISBN 1-4165-5146-8A Rush to Injustice: How Power, Prejudice, Racism, and Political Correctness Overshadowed Truth and Justice in the Duke Lacrosse Rape Case by Nader Baydoun and R. Stephanie Good (2007); ISBN 978-1-59555-118-4The Duke Lacrosse Case: A Documentary History and Analysis of the Modern Scottsboro by R. B. Parrish (2009); ISBN 978-1-4392-3590-4Party Like a Lacrosse Star by Paul Montgomery (2007); ISBN 978-0-615-17150-0The Last Dance for Grace: The Crystal Gale Mangum Story by Crystal Gale Mangum & Edward Clark (2008); ISBN 978-0-9817837-0-3External links [ edit ] Collected stories from The (Raleigh, N.C.) News & Observer"Duke Rape Scandal" Photo Gallery via Court TVVideo: Duke Jurors Speak (Grand Jury)Exclusive: Duke Lacrosse Grand Jurors Speak Out - ABC NewsComplete transcript and audio of Duke University President Richard Brodhead's Apology and Address on the Ethics and Practice of Trying Cases in the Media - AmericanRhetoric.com

• Clips
  • 18. Duke Family History with Robert Durden 4.mp3
  • 19. Duke Family History with Robert Durden 5.mp3
  • 19a. Revealing Durham NC's Racist Housing History 1.mp3
  • 20. Duke's Cameron Crazies ACC Traditions Presented by New York Life 1.mp3
  • 21. I hate Christian Laettner 30 for 30 Trailer ESPN 1.mp3
  • 22. Jalen Rose on Joining the Fab Five, Hating Duke, Dissing Grant Hill & Laettner (Part 4) 1.mp3
  • 23. Malcolm X The House Negro and the Field Negro (1963) 1.mp3
  • 24. Jalen Rose on Joining the Fab Five, Hating Duke, Dissing Grant Hill & Laettner (Part 4) 2.mp3
  • 26. Presumed Guilty Due Process Lessons of the Duke Lacrosse Case 1.mp3
  • 27. Presumed Guilty Due Process Lessons of the Duke Lacrosse Case 2.mp3
  • 28. Presumed Guilty Due Process Lessons of the Duke Lacrosse Case 3.mp3
  • 29. Presumed Guilty Due Process Lessons of the Duke Lacrosse Case 5.mp3
  • 30. Presumed Guilty Due Process Lessons of the Duke Lacrosse Case 6.mp3
  • 32. Accused Lacrosse Players Talk CBS News 1.mp3
  • 33. Eye To Eye The Finnertys On The Duke Case (CBS News) 1.mp3
  • 34. Eye To Eye The Seligmanns On The Duke Case (CBS News) 1.mp3
  • 35. Eye To Eye The Seligmanns On The Duke Case (CBS News) 2.mp3
  • 36. Mike Nifong's ethics trial is wrapping up in North Carolina. A decision could come today on whether 1.mp3
  • 37. Mike Nifong Apologizes to Duke Lacross Players During his Contempt Hearing 1.mp3
  • 38. Duke Accuser Restates Claims in New Book 1.mp3
  • 39. Duke Rape Case Victim Writes Book 1.mp3
  • 40. False Accuser of Duke Lacrosse Players May Face.... 1.mp3
  • 02. Fantastic Lies - opening 1.mp3
  • 03. Nancy Grace's Early Obnoxious Duke Lacrosse Statements 1.mp3
  • 04. Nancy Grace's Early Obnoxious Duke Lacrosse Statements 2.mp3
  • 05. Nancy Grace's Early Obnoxious Duke Lacrosse Statements 3.mp3
  • 06. Nancy Grace Walks Out on Jim Norton and Sam Roberts 1.mp3
  • 07. Duke Lacrosse all dismissed, Shabazz knockout by Malkin 1.mp3
  • 08. Duke Lacrosse all dismissed, Shabazz knockout by Malkin 2.mp3
  • 09.TBC66 - B - How Johns Hopkins' Influence Haunts Baltimore (Pt 1 2) 4.mp3
  • 10. Duke Family History with Robert Durden 1.mp3
  • 11. Duke Family History with Robert Durden 2.mp3
  • 12. Duke Family History with Robert Durden 3.mp3
  • 13. A doctor’s memoir shows race matters in the hospital room 1.mp3
  • 14. A doctor’s memoir shows race matters in the hospital room 2.mp3
  • 15. A doctor’s memoir shows race matters in the hospital room 3.mp3
  • 16. University Worship Service - 4 15 18 - Rev. Dr. William Turner 1.mp3
  • 17. University Worship Service - 4 15 18 - Rev. Dr. William Turner 2.mp3

• Music in this Episode
  • Intro: Little Brother - Not Enough - 11 Seconds
  • Outro: The Chambers Brothers - People Get Ready - 33 Seconds

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