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Each May, Americans dedicate a day to honor the remarkable women who strive and sacrifice all year to ensure ours is a Nation where all things are possible. Whether married or single, LGBT or straight, biological, adoptive, or foster, mothers are the bedrocks of our lives and the foundation of our society. They are our first friends and teachers, inspiring us to reach great heights and supporting us no matter the challenges we face or the paths we choose. Today, we come together to celebrate the women who raised us and who love us unconditionally -- who do whatever it takes to set us on the road to success and want nothing more than for us to lead happy, healthy lives.
Our Nation's mothers are breadwinners, community leaders, and pillars of family. For generations, they have blazed new paths -- from Seneca Falls and Selma to the boardroom, the laboratory, and the forefronts of our military conflicts -- opening up new possibilities and widening the circle of opportunity. Today, these pioneers show us what is possible for ourselves and our country. They are our Nation's innovators, tireless workers, engines of economic growth, and drivers of progress. And through their example, they teach our future dreamers and doers about the value of hard work, compassion, service, and personal responsibility.
Today, women are nearly half of the American workforce, and as a Nation, we must ensure our policies reflect this reality because no woman should have to choose between being a productive employee and a responsible mother. All women deserve equal pay for equal work and a living wage, and as President, I have fought tirelessly to advance these commonsense measures. I continue to call for increased workplace flexibility and access to paid leave, including paid sick days, and I have proposed a plan that would make quality child care available to every middle-class and low-income family with young children. I remain committed to tearing down the remaining barriers to mothers' full and equal participation in our economy and society -- because when mothers succeed, America succeeds and policies that benefit women and working families benefit us all.
We owe so much to our mothers, and they deserve policies that support them, as well as our profound love and gratitude. On Mother's Day, we give thanks to our mothers who lift us up every day. Let us pay respect to those who continue to offer us generous love and patient counsel and hold fast to the memories of all who live on in our hearts.
The Congress, by a joint resolution approved May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 770), has designated the second Sunday in May each year as "Mother's Day" and requested the President to call for its appropriate observance.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 10, 2015, as Mother's Day. I urge all Americans to express love and gratitude to mothers everywhere, and I call upon all citizens to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-ninth.
BARACK OBAMA
Presidential Proclamation -- Peace Officers Memorial Day and Police Week, 2015
Each May, our Nation salutes the American women and men who put their lives on the line every day to maintain public safety and hold accountable those who break the law. On Peace Officers Memorial Day and during Police Week, we recognize all those who have dedicated their lives to this vital task. With heavy hearts, we mourn the heroes taken from us only because they chose to serve, and we rededicate ourselves to carrying forward their noble legacy.
Our law enforcement officers have extraordinarily tough jobs. They regularly work in dangerous environments and in difficult, high-tension situations. And they often face challenges deeply rooted in systemic problems and broader social issues. These professionals serve to protect their communities and strengthen their Nation, and they deserve to go home safely to their loved ones at the end of each shift. As President, I am committed to making sure America's dedicated police officers receive the support and recognition they have earned, and to doing all I can to protect those who protect us.
One important way to make policing safer and more effective is by continuing to enhance relations and trust between law enforcement and the neighborhoods they serve. This will make it easier and safer for police officers to do their jobs, and it will strengthen the places we live and work. This important task will require our Nation -- our communities, our law enforcement, and our leaders at every level -- to come together to commit to meeting this challenge and moving our country forward, block by block and neighborhood by neighborhood. As President, I firmly believe it is within our power to make progress in our time, and I am dedicated to partnering with all those who are willing to do this necessary work.
My Administration is taking concrete steps to implement the commonsense, pragmatic recommendations my Task Force on 21st Century Policing put forward based on input from law enforcement personnel as well as criminal justice experts, community leaders, and civil liberties advocates. And we are engaging with local jurisdictions so they can begin to make the changes that will help ensure that police officers and their communities are partners in battling crime and that everyone feels safe on and off the job.
Our Nation's police officers are mentors in our schools, familiar faces on the corner, and pillars of our communities. They keep our borders secure and our roads safe, and in times of crisis, they rush toward tragedy. They are hardworking mothers, fathers, daughters, and sons who have dedicated their lives to public service, working every day to build a brighter future for their families and their Nation. Their selfless commitment and daily sacrifice represent what is possible for every city, town, and reservation in America, and our country has an enormous opportunity to lift up the very best law enforcement personnel as examples -- not just to other officers, but to all who aspire to lives of good citizenship. This week and every week, let us remember the patriots who laid down their lives for ours and honor all who strive to make our Nation more safe, more free, and more just.
By a joint resolution approved October 1, 1962, as amended (76 Stat. 676), and by Public Law 103-322, as amended (36 U.S.C. 136-137), the President has been authorized and requested to designate May 15 of each year as "Peace Officers Memorial Day" and the week in which it falls as "Police Week."
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 15, 2015, as Peace Officers Memorial Day and May 10 through May 16, 2015, as Police Week. I call upon all Americans to observe these events with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I also call on the Governors of the United States and its Territories, and appropriate officials of all units of government, to direct that the flag be flown at half-staff on Peace Officers Memorial Day. I further encourage all Americans to display the flag at half-staff from their homes and businesses on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-ninth.
BARACK OBAMA
Notice -- Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to the Central African Republic
CONTINUATION OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT
TO THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
On May 12, 2014, by Executive Order 13667, I declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States constituted by the situation in and in relation to the Central African Republic, which has been marked by a breakdown of law and order, intersectarian tension, widespread violence and atrocities, and the pervasive, often forced recruitment and use of child soldiers, and that threatens the peace, security, or stability of the Central African Republic and neighboring states.
The situation in and in relation to the Central African Republic continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States. For this reason, the national emergency declared on May 12, 2014, to deal with that threat must continue in effect beyond May 12, 2015. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing for 1 year the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13667.
This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the Congress.
BARACK OBAMA
Presidential Proclamation -- Military Spouse Appreciation Day, 2015
The strength of our Nation's military comes not just from the brave women and men who defend the values we cherish, but also from their families, who serve alongside them and make great sacrifices in service to our country. With determination and unshakable resolve, military spouses endure long absences and shoulder the burdens of war, constantly wondering what kind of dangers lie ahead for their loved ones. Through numerous moves and difficult deployments -- often as they uproot their lives and families and restart their careers -- their steadfast devotion to their spouses and to our Nation represents the best our country has to offer. On Military Spouse Appreciation Day, we recognize the selfless heroes who stand with the finest fighting force the world has ever known, and we honor their relentless courage and commitment.
To fulfill our sacred promise to our service members and their loved ones, my Administration has made supporting our military families a top priority. We are working to make consistent and effective family services available, including mental health care and counseling, deployment and relocation assistance, and child care and youth programs. Through programs like the Post-9/11 GI Bill, we are investing in the education and skills of our military families, and with my Executive authority, I have taken action to protect those who have earned these benefits from abuse by fraudulent actors and unscrupulous practices, ensuring they have the proper information and support they need to make informed decisions about their education.
The wives, husbands, and partners of our service members bring adaptability, creativity, resilience, and leadership -- skills they demonstrate every day -- to the workforce, and it is unacceptable when any military spouse struggles to find work and support their family. That is why we launched the Military Spouse Employment Partnership, an online resource to connect military spouses with meaningful career opportunities and companies that are eager to hire them. And we are reminding businesses across our country that if they want the job done right, they should hire a military spouse.
Four years ago, First Lady Michelle Obama and Dr. Jill Biden launched the Joining Forces initiative, calling on Americans across our country to rally around service members, veterans, and their spouses. By raising awareness about the unique aspects of military life, they are helping ensure military spouses have all the opportunities and benefits they deserve. To learn more and get involved, visit www.JoiningForces.gov.
Military spouses serve alongside our troops through trial and triumph, and in their example, we see the bravery and pride that reflect who we are as a Nation. These homefront heroes deserve respect and support worthy of their sacrifice and grace -- every day, they should know their country supports them, is there for them, and is grateful for all they do on our behalf.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim May 8, 2015, as Military Spouse Appreciation Day. I call upon the people of the United States to honor military spouses with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-ninth.
BARACK OBAMA
Presidential Proclamation -- National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, 2015
American infrastructure is the foundation of our economy -- helping businesses move products, getting workers to the job, and ensuring families make it home to their loved ones each night. All year, we rely on our transportation networks to sustain our way of life, and on National Defense Transportation Day and during National Transportation Week, we pause to reaffirm the importance of infrastructure and the role it plays in growing our economy and keeping us safe.
Today, our Nation's investment in transportation lags behind the rest of the world. Over half of America's major roads are in less than good condition, and a quarter of our bridges require significant repair or cannot handle today's traffic, costing businesses and consumers billions in unnecessary freight expenses. Countless hours and dollars are lost navigating bad roads, making transportation costs -- from wasted gas to commercial trucking costs that are passed on to the consumer -- one of the biggest expenses for the average American family.
America's commitment to connect two coasts forged the Transcontinental Railroad, and our need for a robust network of roads fueled the Interstate Highway System. The United States was once a leader in infrastructure, and my Administration is dedicated to restoring this legacy by making investments that will improve the competitiveness of our economy while creating jobs and expanding opportunity for all hardworking Americans. Last year, we launched the Build America Investment Initiative to give cities and States innovative opportunities to partner with the private sector on infrastructure funding. We are continuing to advance major highway and port projects, and this year, we announced new infrastructure tax proposals that will level the playing field for municipalities seeking public-private infrastructure partnerships.
Keeping our infrastructure up-to-date is not only crucial to our economy, it is essential to our safety and security. The same roads, bridges, and ports that we depend on to carry goods to market also enable us to deliver lifesaving resources to victims during emergencies. In the face of a changing climate, resilient infrastructure that can withstand more frequent and more devastating natural disasters is more important than ever. To ensure our Nation is prepared in the face of crisis and to guarantee service members and first responders can do their jobs safely and effectively, we must continue to invest in our vital transportation networks.
In a 21st-century economy, businesses set up shop wherever they can find the best roads and bridges, the fastest rail and Internet, and the most reliable airports and power grids. This week, let us continue our work to build the best transportation systems possible and recommit to investing in our infrastructure in a way that will keep our economy growing -- not just for the next few years, but for generations to come.
In recognition of the importance of our Nation's transportation infrastructure, and of the men and women who build, maintain, and utilize it, the Congress has requested, by joint resolution approved May 16, 1957, as amended (36 U.S.C. 120), that the President designate the third Friday in May of each year as "National Defense Transportation Day," and, by joint resolution approved May 14, 1962, as amended (36 U.S.C. 133), that the week during which that Friday falls be designated as "National Transportation Week."
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Friday, May 15, 2015, as National Defense Transportation Day and May 10 through May 16, 2015, as National Transportation Week. I call upon all Americans to recognize the importance of our Nation's transportation infrastructure and to acknowledge the contributions of those who build, operate, and maintain it.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand fifteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-ninth.
Smith Mundt Act - A reminder that you are living in a Smith-Mudt Act repealed media landscape
NDAA and Overturning of Smith-Mundt Act
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (NDAA) allows for materials produced by the State Department and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) to be released within U.S. borders and strikes down a long-time ban on the dissemination of such material in the country.[14][15][16]
Propaganda in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Propaganda in the United States is propaganda spread by government and media entities within the United States. Propaganda is information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to influence opinions. Propaganda is not only in advertising; it is also in radio, newspaper, posters, books, and anything else that might be sent out to the widespread public.
Domestic[edit]World War I[edit]The first large-scale use of propaganda by the U.S. government came during World War I. The government enlisted the help of citizens and children to help promote war bonds and stamps to help stimulate the economy. To keep the prices of war supplies down, the U.S. government produced posters that encouraged people to reduce waste and grow their own vegetables in "victory gardens." The public skepticism that was generated by the heavy-handed tactics of the Committee on Public Information would lead the postwar government to officially abandon the use of propaganda.[1]
World War II[edit]During World War II the U.S. officially had no propaganda, but the Roosevelt government used means to circumvent this official line. One such propaganda tool was the publicly owned but government funded Writers' War Board (WWB). The activities of the WWB were so extensive that it has been called the "greatest propaganda machine in history".[1]Why We Fight is a famous series of US government propaganda films made to justify US involvement in World War II.
In 1944 (lasting until 1948) prominent US policy makers launched a domestic propaganda campaign aimed at convincing the U.S. public to agree to a harsh peace for the German people, for example by removing the common view of the German people and the Nazi party as separate entities.[2] The core in this campaign was the Writers' War Board which was closely associated with the Roosevelt administration.[2]
Another means was the United States Office of War Information that Roosevelt established in June 1942, whose mandate was to promote understanding of the war policies under the director Elmer Davies. It dealt with posters, press, movies, exhibitions, and produced often slanted material conforming to US wartime purposes. Other large and influential non-governmental organizations during the war and immediate post war period were the Society for the Prevention of World War III and the Council on Books in Wartime.
Cold War[edit]During the Cold War, the U.S. government produced vast amounts of propaganda against communism and the Soviet bloc. Much of this propaganda was directed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation under J. Edgar Hoover, who himself wrote the anti-communist tract Masters of Deceit. The FBI's COINTELPRO arm solicited journalists to produce fake news items discrediting communists and affiliated groups, such as H. Bruce Franklin and the Venceremos Organization.
War on Drugs[edit]The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, originally established by the National Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988,[3][4] but now conducted by the Office of National Drug Control Policy under the Drug-Free Media Campaign Act of 1998,[5] is a domestic propaganda campaign designed to "influence the attitudes of the public and the news media with respect to drug abuse" and for "reducing and preventing drug abuse among young people in the United States".[6][7] The Media Campaign cooperates with the Partnership for a Drug-Free America and other government and non-government organizations.[8]
Iraq War[edit]In early 2002, the U.S. Department of Defense launched an information operation, colloquially referred to as the Pentagon military analyst program.[9] The goal of the operation is "to spread the administrations's talking points on Iraq by briefing ... retired commanders for network and cable television appearances," where they have been presented as independent analysts.[10] On 22 May 2008, after this program was revealed in the New York Times, the House passed an amendment that would make permanent a domestic propaganda ban that until now has been enacted annually in the military authorization bill.[11]
The Shared values initiative was a public relations campaign that was intended to sell a "new" America to Muslims around the world by showing that American Muslims were living happily and freely, without persecution, in post-9/11 America.[12] Funded by the United States Department of State, the campaign created a public relations front group known as Council of American Muslims for Understanding (CAMU). The campaign was divided in phases; the first of which consisted of five mini-documentaries for television, radio, and print with shared values messages for key Muslim countries.[13]
NDAA and Overturning of Smith-Mundt Act[edit]The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (NDAA) allows for materials produced by the State Department and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) to be released within U.S. borders and strikes down a long-time ban on the dissemination of such material in the country.[14][15][16]
Ad Council[edit]The Ad Council, an American non-profit organization that distributes public service announcements on behalf of various private and federal government agency sponsors, has been labeled as "little more than a domestic propaganda arm of the federal government" given the Ad Council's historically close collaboration with the President of the United States and the federal government.[17]
International[edit]Through several international broadcasting operations, the US disseminates American cultural information, official positions on international affairs, and daily summaries of international news. These operations fall under the International Broadcasting Bureau, the successor of the United States Information Agency, established in 1953. IBB's operations include Voice of America, Radio Liberty, Alhurra and other programs. They broadcast mainly to countries where the United States finds that information about international events is limited, either due to poor infrastructure or government censorship. The Smith-Mundt Act prohibits the Voice of America from disseminating information to US citizens that was produced specifically for a foreign audience.
During the Cold War the US ran covert propaganda campaigns in countries that appeared likely to become Soviet satellites, such as Italy, Afghanistan, and Chile.
Recently The Pentagon announced the creation of a new unit aimed at spreading propaganda about supposedly "inaccurate" stories being spread about the Iraq War. These "inaccuracies" have been blamed on the enemy trying to decrease support for the war. Donald Rumsfeld has been quoted as saying these stories are something that keeps him up at night.[18]
Psychological operations[edit]The US military defines psychological operations, or PSYOP, as:
planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence the emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.[19]
The Smith-Mundt Act, adopted in 1948, explicitly forbids information and psychological operations aimed at the US public.[20][21][22] Nevertheless, the current easy access to news and information from around the globe, makes it difficult to guarantee PSYOP programs do not reach the US public. Or, in the words of Army Col. James A. Treadwell, who commanded the U.S. military psyops unit in Iraq in 2003, in the Washington Post:
There's always going to be a certain amount of bleed-over with the global information environment.[23]
Agence France Presse reported on U.S. propaganda campaigns that:
The Pentagon acknowledged in a newly declassified document that the US public is increasingly exposed to propaganda disseminated overseas in psychological operations.[24]
Former US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld approved the document referred to, which is titled "Information Operations Roadmap." [22][24] The document acknowledges the Smith-Mundt Act, but fails to offer any way of limiting the effect PSYOP programs have on domestic audiences.[20][21][25]
Several incidents in 2003 were documented by Sam Gardiner, a retired Air Force colonel, which he saw as information-warfare campaigns that were intended for "foreign populations and the American public." Truth from These Podia,[26] as the treatise was called, reported that the way the Iraq war was fought resembled a political campaign, stressing the message instead of the truth.[22]
See also[edit]References[edit]^ abThomas Howell, The Writers' War Board: U.S. Domestic Propaganda in World War II, Historian, Volume 59 Issue 4, Pages 795 - 813^ abSteven Casey, (2005), The Campaign to sell a harsh peace for Germany to the American public, 1944 - 1948, [online]. London: LSE Research Online. [Available online at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000736] Originally published in History, 90 (297). pp. 62-92 (2005) Blackwell Publishing^National Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988 of the Anti''Drug Abuse Act of 1988, Pub.L. 100''720, 102 Stat. 4181, enacted November 18, 1988^Gamboa, Anthony H. (January 4, 2005), B-303495, Office of National Drug Control Policy '-- Video News Release, Government Accountability Office, footnote 6, page 3 ^Drug-Free Media Campaign Act of 1998 (Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999), Pub.L. 105''277, 112 Stat. 268, enacted October 21, 1998^Gamboa, Anthony H. (January 4, 2005), B-303495, Office of National Drug Control Policy '-- Video News Release, Government Accountability Office, pp. 9''10 ^Drug-Free Media Campaign Act of 1998 of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, Pub.L. 105''277, 112 Stat. 268, enacted October 21, 1998^Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2006, Pub.L. 109''469, 120 Stat. 3501, enacted December 29, 2006, codified at 21 U.S.C. § 1720^Barstow, David (2008-04-20). "Message Machine: Behind Analysts, the Pentagon's Hidden Hand". New York Times. ^Sessions, David (2008-04-20). "Onward T.V. Soldiers: The New York Times exposes a multi-armed Pentagon message machine". Slate. ^Barstow, David (2008-05-24). "2 Inquiries Set on Pentagon Publicity Effort". New York Times. ^Rampton, Sheldon (October 17, 2007). "Shared Values Revisited". Center for Media and Democracy. ^"U.S. Reaches Out to Muslim World with Shared Values Initiative". America.gov. January 16, 2003.
The onset of Obamacare in the United States brought on fears of death panels via rationed health care that encourages the elderly, disabled or terminally ill to choose death over medical care and treatment or that may cut off treatment without their consent.
Those fears were prompted by concerns about government-run health care in Britain and Canada, where patients often wait in long lines for medical treatment or surgery '-- sometimes at risk to their own life and health because of the delays. In states lie Oregon, where assisted suicide is legal, patients have been told their assisted suicide would be paid for while their medical treatment would not.
Now, out of the UK, new NHS guidelines are urging doctors to ask elderly patients to sign DNR orders that would have doctors taking their lives by refusing to resuscitate them rather than providing them lifesaving care.
New NHS guidelines urge doctors to draw up end-of-life plans for elderly patients and younger patients with serious conditions, such as cancer. Doctors are told to ask patients if they want a DNR order if thei9r medical condition worsens. Medical professionals say it is 'blatantly wrong' and will frighten elderly patients.
Here's more:
The NHS says the guidance will improve patients' end-of-life care, but medical professionals say it is 'blatantly wrong' and will frighten the elderly into thinking they are being 'written off'.
In some surgeries, nurses are cold-calling patients over 75 or with long-term conditions and asking them over the phone if they have 'thought about resuscitation'.
Other patients have spoken of the shock of going in for a routine check-up and being asked about resuscitation.
The extraordinary new guidance has been brought in despite the outcry over the use of 'do not resuscitate' orders under the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP).
The discredited pathway was scrapped last year after the Mail revealed that doctors were placing 'DNR' notices on patients without their knowledge and depriving them of food and fluids.
The guidelines '' which also recommend patients should be asked if they want to die at home '' have been drawn up by experts advising NHS England, the organisation which runs the health service.
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One expert last night said the guidance was 'the thin end of the wedge of assisted suicide'.
Professor Patrick Pullicino, who spearheaded the campaign against the LCP, said: 'What is most blatantly wrong is trying to get someone to agree to a 'do not resuscitate' order before they are even sick. For somebody who is perfectly well, or has got a mild or not a serious illness, that would be totally out of place.'
Roy Lilley, a health policy analyst and former NHS trust chairman, said: 'It will give some older people the impression that no-one wants to bother with them. It looks as though they're being told: 'You're old, how do you want to die because you're in the way'.
'It's a very clunky thing to do '' it's completely unnecessary.'
Has Mercury Caused One of the Worst Health Crises in American History?During the past 20 years, the frequency of autism occurring in children has skyrocketed from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 68, and the scientific community is no closer to determining a cause. Trace Amounts is the true story of Eric Gladen's painful journey through mercury poisoning that he believes resulted from a thimerosal-loaded tetanus shot. His discoveries led him on a quest for the scientific truth about the role of mercury poisoning in the Autism epidemic.
So much of the conversation about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been reduced to labeling the people taking PrEP (''Truvada whore,'' and more) instead of listening to them. Queerty wanted to get past those labels, so we spoke to five gay men on PrEP about why they chose to take a pill to prevent HIV infection '-- and their thoughts on the debate about it and the changes in their sexual lives that it inspired.
We came away with a broader, more human perspective on why this choice works for so many gay men.
Read their candid views and tell us if you agree in the comments section.
Blake Rowley, 28
Blake debated whether or not to take PrEP, but kept returning to one fact: He's a gay black man living in Washington, D.C., a city with a very high level of HIV infections.
Related Post: Ten Of The Sexiest Gay Men Living With HIV
''My likelihood of having a sex partner who is positive, knowingly or unknowingly, is astronomical,'' Blake told us, pointing out that young gay black men account for much of the increase in new HIV infections. Studies indicate that, although black men are more likely to use condoms during sex, the high incidence infection among black men who have sex with black men means they are more likely to come into contact with the virus than white men.
''I had to confront realities about myself,'' said Blake, who serves as chair of the Young Black Gay Men's Leadership Initiative, ''including my race, my age, my risks for HIV and how I like to have sex. Particularly if I want to keep having what I define as great, fully satisfying, roll-over-and-smoke-a-cigarette unencumbered sex.''
Blake chose PrEP two years ago because he was ''exhausted'' from the mental gymnastics of sero-sorting (having sex only with those who share your status), and adds that ''even as a top, that's not foolproof.''
''PrEP allows me to have the sex I want to have without the risk of contracting HIV. I can, with almost 100 percent assuredness, put behind me the fear of contracting HIV due to a casual hookup or a long term relationship gone sour.''
Blake has no interest in fanning the flames of the condom debate. ''Condoms still work and if they work for you, get on with your life,'' he said. ''But PrEP is another option to prevent HIV, and it's the one I choose.''
Damon Jacobs, 43
If you google PrEP and gay men, chances are you will end up with an article by Damon Jacobs, and probably a photo of him wearing a ''Truvada Whore'' or ''PrEP Warrior'' T-shirt '-- or less (see above). The New York City therapist embraces his role as one of the most visible PrEP advocates on the scene even if it means talking about his most intimate habits.
Related Post: Two New Studies Find PrEP Reduces The Risk Of HIV Infection By 86 Percent
''I started PrEP in 2011 because I wanted to maximize pleasure,'' Damon told us. ''The experience has resulted in feeling more peace of mind and sexual confidence than before.''
Damon isn't afraid to speak up about the importance of pleasurable sex for gay men and our right to have it. ''Most of us are seeking ways to experience maximum pleasure with minimal risk,'' he said. ''If we ignore pleasure, we are doing our community a huge disservice. Why do we still have new HIV infections in 2015? Because fucking feels good.''
Just acknowledging that we want sex to feel great is something Damon believe can move us forward. ''When we start from there,'' he said, ''then we can discuss ways that sex can also be healthy, responsible, and empowering.''
Mathew Rodriguez, 26
Mathew, a journalist from Queens, NY, has a very personal reason for doing everything he can to remain HIV negative. He lost his father to AIDS, which ''affected my family deeply,'' he told us.
Mathew has been on PrEP for the last year. He started because he was in a non-monogamous relationship with someone who began PrEP himself. When they broke up, Mathew continued using the drug.
Just don't mention the whole ''Truvada Whore'' meme to Mathew, who isn't having it. ''I don't identify with the term,'' he said, ''but I do wish gay men in general had more open conversations around pleasure and the ways we make love to each other.'' He believe that PrEP has at least started a conversation about how gay men want to have sex and why.
''Fucking is fun. It is a tactile experience that carries spiritual, mental and emotional weight. I say it's tactile because it's skin on skin, plus fluids. PrEP has allowed people to return to cum as a meaningful part of sexuality, not an alien substance to be feared. PrEP has allowed me to have someone look into my eyes as he was on top of me, inside me, and for us to connect in a way that carried emotional, intergenerational weight. PrEP has meant that I don't have to live what I've called 'the life of the gay statistician.' What's the chance that the semen permeated the skin of the condom? What's the chance I contracted something? What's the chance that my cough is seroconversion flu?''
Tom Butcher, 53
Starting PrEP just one ago, Tom was initially nervous about the drug and reached out to online PrEP groups for information and support. After a few days of side effects (''I was dizzy and kind of foggy,'' he told us), Tom feels fine and is headed for a follow-up visit this week.
''I came out in 1984 and lived through the very darkest days of the epidemic,'' Tom said. ''It scarred my soul.'' His trauma from those early years also kept Tom from getting tested very often, something being on PrEP will change. Getting regular blood work to check for side effects, HIV and other STI's is a part of being on the drug.
Tom works in New Haven, CT, as a project director for HIV support services, and his friend and colleagues have been completely supportive. He is aware of the personal criticisms that occur online, though, and he is braced for it.
''I am human,'' Tom said. ''I am a sexual being. I make mistakes in all other realms of my life. Now I am empowered to take control of my life and my health. My fear has been replaced by being empowered to take care of myself no matter what a lab test shows. With PrEP the likelihood of infection is drastically reduced.''
Ney Enrique, 36
Ney started using PrEP six months ago, and came to the prevention strategy by way of his art. The multi-media storyteller from Wilton Manors, FL, was producing a documentary abut PrEP and found the evidence so compelling that he started taking it himself.
''Of course, I studied up on it beyond the documentary,'' Ney told us. What he found out has made Ney an outspoken fan. ''I think everyone who is sexually active should be on it if they are not monogamous. It should be a global strategy but we, as PrEP users, have to advocate for it.''
The fact that doctors themselves are often not educated about PrEP frustrates Ney. ''Medical providers are the first ones to ignore what PrEP is about,'' he said, ''so it is logical that patients don't know about it or they feel afraid about it.''
Ney adds that, while some gay men he knows are curious to find out more about PrEP, ''others put us under the same HIV stigma umbrella,'' as if being on PrEP makes him more of a risk to them instead of less.
For more personal stories from gay men on PrEP, check out My PrEP Experience
via Paul WatsonCape Town, South AfricaThe first time I met him was at an orgy.
It wasn't one of those romantic moments from Cosmopolitan magazine. Nor was it one of those love story moments that make you feel like a sociopath for not ever having been in one of those hazy coffee shop situations '.... but, we recognized each other.
He was naked, sweat glistening on his body, and when he got up, his cock seemed to be the one that wanted to shake hands.
My clothes were off and we were soon in a tangle of arms and legs. In amongst the temptations, salty kisses and heaving men - it was his eyes that I sought out. It was his hand that held mine in the throes of passion. It was his warm hand that touched and caressed me as I lay there thinking about an escape. But I digress, a bit of background information may be required to follow the thread of this story.
I am not a handsome devil or a cherub-faced guy. I am just your normal, run-of-the-mill, everyday man. But that's what makes me so dangerous. I smell like a man, I look like a man, I have grey streaks in my beard and tiny laugh lines at the outer corners of my eyes. I have a wry smile and a naughty glint in my eyes. I can track a smile from way across a room and am very aware of any mans' lingering gaze on my crotch. Through many years of practice my success rate is pretty high '' although I don't always get the guy.
In banks, shopping malls, gyms, out jogging, I spot them - looking. I always make the first move. A greeting, a friendly ''Hello'' and, once I have the slight confirmation of mutual ''lust'', I swiftly move in for the kill. Like a slathering and ravenous wolf that hunts alone, I have taken singles, couples and sometimes groups.
My taste in men is real men! They range from hairy-backed bear-like men to smooth-chested accountants to beer-bellied and chain-smoking alcoholics. Married men, straight men, gay men - I don't discriminate. Sometimes I string them along if the sex is good but, often, it's a once off mutual understanding of lust and release. To have sex with a man is an all-encompassing and overpowering urge. An urge that is so great that it overshadows all else and, like a scalding knife that cuts into your brain, short circuiting all thoughts other than the one goal '' to get one thing. SEX!
"This isn't me," I hear you cry, "I do not have urges like that."
I cannot relate. Being gay in the 1980's until the present day has had some very interesting parallels. Where once I was ashamed and hid my sexuality for fear of rejection. I now find that, even though I am an openly gay man, I still have a largely hidden private life.
In my twenties, my boyfriend at that time introduced me to a man who would sit at the end of the local gay bar with a cigarette in one hand and glass of wine in the other who would deliver a string of witty comeback remarks that had us in stitches. A few short months later we stood beside his bed in the local hospice saying our goodbyes to him. I remember his pleading eyes in a sunken face - betrayed by the disease that ravaged his body. This was a harsh early lesson learned regarding the realities of the AIDS generation and the consequences of erratic condom use. At the time, my own condom use was approximately 50%. People don't always think in the heat of passion, they just dive on in and deal with consequences later.
Show me a man that has a 100% condom usage rate, and I will show you a politician in the making.
This experience certainly scared me enough to use a condom or to at least, limit myself to one partner at a time for a while. Like most victims of the AIDS epidemic, names and faces would just fade like some melting ice berg. Here today, gone tomorrow - and the uncaring world and life goes on.
The truth is - the world NEVER stops.
In this life, no one gets out alive '... No-one.
It was after I had sex with Mr O on a number of occasions that he advised me of his HIV status. He was HIV positive. He told me as we lay together, holding on to each other as if the world were disappearing beneath our feet. I could feel him clinging on to me - almost expecting me to jump off the bed and run hysterically down the street. Inside I was screaming - I wanted to scream at him. I wanted to cry, and plead - but I was surprised by my own actions.
I kissed him instead. Mr O, with his placid nature and his understanding eyes cradled me in his arms as if protecting me from a terrifying storm. There was something even stronger than the tempest inside of me, HIV/AIDS, death '... These things were part of him, a huge part. These things ruled his life and had done so for years. Would they start to rule mine as well?
After he told me, I was filled with mixed emotions. I wanted to run, I wanted to get away. It was as if I had been burnt by a flame. Things I'd read in magazines, information spread by the media and things that friends and acquaintances had said swirled around in my head. I wished them gone - this HIV thing had become too real. Even language and means of communication has changed, we whisper in each others' ears ''Are you clean?''. These words contain so much negative stigma that this disease has spread. We say it as though someone with HIV is dirty, an unclean and unholy thing.
When I left him - I ran. I ran to be tested.
It had been three years since my last test and I'd liaised with about 150 men during that time. Who bothers to count, it's just a recreational pastime. During the process of thinking about, planning and being tested I comforted myself in the one way I knew would soothe my soul, even if just for a short while. Sex! As my phone chimed and the hook up was set I buried all thoughts of HIV and tried to lose myself in someone else. My next partner was married. The sex wasn't messy, it just wasn't completely safe. Empty promises of repeat performances were exchanged. As soon as he was out of the door, the guilt set in.
SEC. 3.SEC. 2. Section 120335 of the Health and Safety Code is amended to read:
120335. (a) As used in this chapter, ''governing authority'' means the governing board of each school district or the authority of each other private or public institution responsible for the operation and control of the institution or the principal or administrator of each school or institution.
(b) The governing authority shall not unconditionally admit any person as a pupil of any private or public elementary or secondary school, child care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center, unless, prior to his or her first admission to that institution, he or she has been fully immunized. The following are the diseases for which immunizations shall be documented:
(1) Diphtheria.
(2) Haemophilus influenzae type b.
(3) Measles.
(4) Mumps.
(5) Pertussis (whooping cough).
(6) Poliomyelitis.
(7) Rubella.
(8) Tetanus.
(9) Hepatitis B.
(10) Varicella (chickenpox).
(11) Any other disease deemed appropriate by the department, taking into consideration the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.
(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (b), full immunization against hepatitis B shall not be a condition by which the governing authority shall admit or advance any pupil to the 7th grade level of any private or public elementary or secondary school.
(d) The governing authority shall not unconditionally admit or advance any pupil to the 7th grade level of any private or public elementary or secondary school unless the pupil has been fully immunized against pertussis, including all pertussis boosters appropriate for the pupil's age.
(e) The department may specify the immunizing agents that may be utilized and the manner in which immunizations are administered.
(f) This section does not apply to a pupil in a home-based private school or a pupil who is enrolled in an independent study program pursuant to Article 5.5 (commencing with Section 51745) of Chapter 5 of Part 28 of the Education Code.
SB 277 will unleash "medical civil war" in California as parents demand doctors be arrested for felony assault - NaturalNews.com
(NaturalNews) It is a fundamental and non-debatable scientific truth that all vaccines have inherent health risks. The spectrum of harm varies widely, from small skin rashes to full-blown neurological damage and lifelong debilitation. Some children have even been killed by vaccines, and the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program has paid out nearly $3 billion to families of children who were provably injured by vaccines in America.The UK government, similarly, has just agreed to $90 million in financial compensation to victims who suffered permanent brain damage from another vaccine. (You will not find any truthful reporting on vaccine injuries in quackpot mainstream media publishers like the Washington Post, of course. They are largely funded by Big Pharma and therefore propagate the junk science delusion that vaccines never cause any injuries at all.)
Because vaccines have the potential to cause harm -- and do indeed cause severe harm, injury and even death for some children -- when they are forced upon people against their wishes and consent, they represent a form of medical violence against women and children.
"Vaccine Violence" is very real, in other words, and it is a form of violence against women and children that the state of California wants to commit via government coercion. That's the whole point of SB 277, the so-called "vaccine mandate" law. It seeks to eliminate all religious or philosophical exemptions from vaccines, thereby forcing a potentially harmful medical intervention onto the bodies of children (and soon, adults) who did NOT give consent to the procedure.
As the SB 277 website explains, "If there is a RISK, there must be a CHOICE."
As background on this point, it is important to note that individuals carrying the HIV virus have been charged with felony assault crimes for spitting on people or engaging in sexual intercourse with them.The state of Ohio, for example, considers it a "felonious assault" to be an HIV-positive person and have sex with someone without informing them of your HIV status. (SOURCE) Those found guilty of this assault are sentenced to up to 11 years in prison.
This is because HIV-positive people are generally believed to carry live viruses which can enter another person's body and cause them harm. This is precisely the same situation encountered with many vaccines, where faulty quality control procedures have resulted in "live" viruses being administered to people through polio vaccines (see the history of 98 million Americans exposed to cancer viruses via polio vaccines), MMR vaccines (which shed live viruses, causing the recently vaccinated to readily infect others), flu vaccines and many more.
According to federal law enforcement, a needle is categorized as a "weapon" in the context of a physical assault. For example, if you were to acquire the blood of an HIV-positive person, fill a syringe with it, then assault someone with that needle, you would not only be charged with a felony assault, but an assault with a deadly weapon (the needle).
Under Ohio law, for example, it is explained as: "...causing or attempting to cause serious harm with a deadly weapon or a firearm -- referred to in the Ohio statutes as a 'dangerous ordnance.'"
When administered without consent, a vaccine injection is a physical violation of a human body. The substance contained in the vaccine is provably harmful and, in some cases, even deadly. Under Ohio sentencing guidelines, an individual forcing a vaccination upon someone without their consent would be committing a "felonious assault with dangerous ordnance."
Under federal sentencing guidelines, a vaccine assault upon an individual without their consent would be considered an "aggravated assault," part of the category of sentencing covering "offenses against the persons."As explained in this sentencing guidelines document, the "base offense level" of a vaccine assault (i.e. aggravated assault) is 14.
This document goes on to explain, "If the assault involved more than minimal planning, increase by 2 levels." Because all vaccine violence against children is premeditated, it qualifies as "more than minimal planning."
This sentencing guideline also explains "[if] a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was otherwise used, increase by 4 levels." Because a needle containing a potentially dangerous substance is considered a "dangerous weapon" by all law enforcement organizations -- including local police, the FBI, etc. -- this elevates the vaccine violence to an even higher level.
If that needle weapon "...was brandished or its use was threatened, increase by 3 levels," says the sentencing guidelines document.
"If the victim sustained bodily injury, increase the offense level according to the seriousness of the injury," says the federal sentencing guidelines document.Bodily Injury = + 3 levelsSerious Bodily Injury = +5 levelsPermanent or Life-Threatening Bodily Injury = +7 levels
Permanent bodily injury would include brain damage or autism, by the way, both of which are caused by vaccines. Even the CDC has evidence that vaccines increase the risk of autism, as publicly admitted by CDC scientist and whistleblower William Thompson. We also know as an established fact that vaccines cause permanent brain damage. The UK government, in fact, just agreed to pay out $90 million in financial awards to families whose children were brain damaged by the swine flu vaccine.
Finally, this sentencing guideline document explains, "If the assault was motivated by a payment or offer of money or other thing of value, increase by 2 levels."
Because virtually all doctors are financially influenced by vaccine manufacturers through extensive bribery networks, they are also guilty of being "financially motivated" to participate in the vaccine assault of an innocent child. This would add +2 levels to their sentencing. (Flashback: GlaxoSmithKline admits to running massive illegal bribery network involving 40,000 doctors across the United States. The U.S. Justice Dept. prosecuted this case after a company whistleblower stepped forward.)
In total, an act of vaccine violence against a non-consenting person would qualify, under U.S. federal sentencing guidelines, as a Base Offense Level of 22 even if no injury was sustained by the child. If an injury is sustained, that Base Offense Level could rise to 25, 27 or 29 in the case of permanent brain damage.
What do these numbers mean in terms of sentencing?According to this federal sentencing guidelines table located on this federal sentencing website, an offense level of 22 would earn someone with no criminal history a minimum of 41 months in prison.
A base offense level of 29 would result in 87 months in federal prison.
An act of vaccine violence committed against a non-consenting person, if prosecuted by law enforcement authorities, could earn a doctor serious prison time regardless of whether the child was actually injured by the vaccine.
All this brings up a very important question for Californians, SB 277, medical freedom and the rule of law.If California claims to be a state operating under the rule of law, then laws regarding aggravated assault must apply equally to all people, including doctors. If an adult or child is forcibly violated against their consent with a needle weapon known to pose a real threat to that child's safety, that act clearly qualifies as aggravated assault.
Under both federal and state law, parents who believe their children face the risk of imminent harm from a violent attack upon their bodies have every right to call 911 and request armed police officers come to their defense to stop the assault and arrest those attempting to commit those acts of violence.
I am now publicly predicting that, should SB 277 be signed into law, we will see a wave of California parents calling 911 to report their doctors while demanding the government press felony assault charges against medical personnel engaged in vaccine violence.
It is doubtful, of course, that District Attorneys would carry out any government-sponsored prosecution of those doctors, but parents will retain the right of CIVIL prosecution of those doctors for violating their civil rights.
The civil prosecution of those administering forced vaccines upon children is not in any way protected by the legal immunity from liability which has been granted to pharmaceutical companies by Congress. That protection only exempts the drug companies from lawsuits of injury and harm caused by vaccines. It does not confer any legal immunity to doctors and medical personnel who personally engage in the acts of violence -- i.e. administer the vaccines -- against the consent of the parent(s).In a court of law, there can be little doubt that a coercive violation of a child's body with a potentially deadly substance is a violation of that child's civil rights (and human rights). An assault with a vaccine needle is no less of a crime than an assault with a surgeon's scalpel. Both are "medical instruments" which may cause permanent damage and even death.
The "intent" of the doctor administering the vaccine in no way immunizes that doctor from the letter of the law. Even if the doctor testifies that he "intends" to protect the child, that does not negate the fact that he willfully carried out a felony assault upon the body of that child with a dangerous weapon. There is exhaustive legal precedent to support my contention here. While intent is a factor in sentencing, it alone does not negate the act of assault with a dangerous weapon.
Fascinatingly, California parents already have the power to unleash this law enforcement campaign against anyone administering vaccines without consent. State and federal laws are written to protect innocent victims against their bodies being physically violated / assaulted, and citizens merely need to invoke those laws which already exist.Parents who believe their children are being placed in harm's way by vaccine violence might call 911, demand police arrive on the scene, and express their genuine belief that their children are about to be assaulted with a dangerous weapon. Of course, parents engaging in this action might risk a visitation by Child Protective Services, another enforcement arm of an oppressive government that demands obedience to the pharmaceutical industry's profit agendas. So parents must carefully weigh the risks associated with their actions in this context. (Personally, I would never recommend a parent call 911 on a "vaccine violence" doctor unless they first consult with an attorney and have a solid legal strategy in mind.)
If hundreds (or thousands) of parents do this across the state, it would bring the issue of vaccine violence to the surface, demanding a legal review of the practice of physically violating a person's body with a potentially harmful medical intervention in violation of medical ethics and medical consent. It might even result in the successful prosecution of a doctor for aggravated assault, sending an important message across the entire medical profession that you are not immune to the laws of the land. You may not commit acts of medical violence against children without simultaneously subjecting yourself to legal or civil consequences in a court of law.
When vaccines are optional, doctors injecting them are only engaged in a controversial "treatment." But when vaccines are coerced by the state, doctors are now colluding with a state-sponsored system of coercion that combines medical violence with the threat of denying a child their right to an education. Thus, the doctor is now playing a key role in the coercion / collusion which demands a child be physically violated with a harmful substance administered via what law enforcement already recognizes as a "dangerous weapon."The doctor, in other words, is now a "co-conspirator" in the aggravated assault of the child. Under federal law, in fact, that doctor could technically be charged with conspiracy on top of the aggravated assault charge.
Suddenly, the doctor is in the position of carrying out an act of violence which is resisted by the parent. The context is now different: it's no longer "medical treatment" but rather "medical violence." Acts of violence against children are illegal under California law and federal law, opening up doctors to being charged, prosecuted and sentenced to prison for their role in the scheme.
For this reason, I now expect that many medical professionals in California who administer vaccines will begin requiring signatures on consent forms. This is their primary protection from being sued -- or potentially arrested -- if caught engaging in vaccine violence committed against a child.Such "consent forms," interestingly, would have to include detailed descriptions of the potential side effects of vaccines in order to be recognized as valid. If the forms fail to provide the parent with full details of the vaccine side effects, the parent can rightfully claim they were not given "informed consent" and would therefore have a very strong civil liability case against the doctor.
SB 277 is what changes the context of all this. If it is signed into law, it will force parents who are adamantly opposed to vaccines to have their children vaccinated without their consent. These parents are rightly motivated to protect the health and lives of their children, which is why I predict we will see all the following taking place if SB 277 is signed into law:
1) Parents calling 911 on their doctors and demanding they be arrested for felony assault via vaccine violence.
2) Parents hiring lawyers to file civil lawsuits against pharmacies like CVS and Walgreens where vaccines are administered.
3) Parents of vaccine-injured children who were coerced into vaccination by SB 277 mounting new challenges under civil rights law. A case most likely to receive media attention and social media traction would involve an African-American child damaged by vaccines who was forced to be vaccinated due to SB 277. Under a properly-configured legal challenge, this family could sue the state of California, the clinic administering and vaccine and possibly even take a vaccine injury challenge back to the U.S. Supreme Court which might overturn its previous decision on Big Pharma's legal immunity. (The logic demands a review when the vaccines are now coerced rather than voluntary.)
In other words, if Gov. Jerry Brown signs SB 277 into law, he will unleash a "medical civil war" in California, involving protests from outraged parents and possibly even billions of dollars in medical liability on the state of California itself.
Sadly, the vaccine industry is so desperate to force compliance with its for-profit agenda that it will pull out all the stops to see this bill signed into law. Expect a medical civil war to erupt in California if Gov. Brown signs this, pitting doctors against patients... with law enforcement and civil rights attorneys thrown into the mix for good measure.
Source for this story include:http://www.bolenreport.com/autism/antivaccin...http://www.naturalnews.com/048819_vaccine_in...http://www.naturalnews.com/049423_swine_flu_...http://sb277.orghttp://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resourc...http://www.naturalnews.com/041345_cdc_polio_...http://www.naturalnews.com/048863_vaccine_pr...http://www.naturalnews.com/048519_vaccines_m...http://www.ussc.gov/guidelines-manual/2011/2...http://www.naturalnews.com/046630_CDC_whistl...http://www.naturalnews.com/036385_GlaxoSmith...http://www.naturalnews.com/036499_Glaxo_whis...http://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/...
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California Coalition For Vaccine Choice - No Shot. No School. California SB 277 Mandated Vaccination EVERY CHILD every vaccine
California Vaccine Rate are on the Rise. Vaccination rates WENT UP from 2013/2014 to 2014/2015 from .1% to .4% California's children are vaccinated at a rate of 97.46% !!Vaccine Exemptions are Down. AB2109 went into effect less than a year ago and personal belief vaccine exemptions (PBE) DROPPED 19%Exemption statistics are inaccurate using an "all or nothing" method. A child missing even 1 shot would fall under the category of "unvaccinated." · 99% of parents utilizing the PBE for their children are selectively vaccinating.There is no health CRISIS! Measles outbreak is OVER! MMR (Measles vaccinations) INCREASED from last year to this year exceeding the 90% herd immunity rates! · Measles Outbreak: a significant proportion of the infected people were ADULTS who would not be affected by school vaccination laws. Under 200 cases in a state with 33.8 MILLION people the number of cases was relatively small and it never gained traction in the greater community. All three of these reasons do NOT support the need for mandated (no choice) vaccinations.find out more: 97.46 vaccination rate.Children today receive 69 doses of vaccines for 16 different viral and bacterial illnesses which more than doubles the government childhood schedule of 34 doses of 11 different vaccines in the year 2000. 35 doses and 5 more unique vaccines have been added to the schedule in the last 15 years.A vaccine exemption is filed regardless of whether the exemption is for one dose or all doses. Those supporting forced vaccination are being dishonest by not acknowledging the exploding vaccine schedule while sounding alarms over small increases in overall non-medical exemptions.Should this bill become law, every resident in the state of CA from preschool to the age of 18 will be forced to be vaccinated with every mandated vaccine in order to reside here and to be eligible for any public OR PRIVATE school. - Effects of Mandated Vaccines on Home school
Since education is compulsory, opting for no schooling will not be an option. When vaccine mandates are law, the only way a parent can protect their children from the known and unknown dangers of vaccines and/or from the known and unknown problems with the current vaccine schedule is through the use of exemptions. If SB 277 passes, there will soon be no more exemptions for such protections.
SB277 aims to remove a parent's right to informed consent. The choice of what, when and how a child is to be vaccinated needs to remain between a family and their doctor. Where there is a risk of injury or death, no matter how small the perceived risk may be, there must be a choice. To mandate a medical procedure with known risks is unethical. Critical reasons to oppose SB277 include:other important points about vaccine mandates:
Vaccine development involves the use of aborted fetal tissue and some vaccines include ''human diploid cells. Some individuals do not want to participate in an industry that uses aborted babies for research and development of products. -see Aborted Fetal Cells in VaccineVaccines are against many individuals moral and religious convictions. In addition to fetal tissue, some residents of California believe that God does not want their bodies or the bodies of their babies injected with neurotoxins, heavy metals, animal tissues, genetically modified organisms, live or attenuated viruses, cleansers, adjuvants, stabilizers, preservatives, etc. They believe that those substances compromise their immune systems and destroy their health. They believe that there is nothing in vaccines that improves their health. They believe that God designed their bodies to function perfectly well without injecting foreign and toxic substances directly into their blood supply. And they believe that doing so violates the will the God. - see Religious Rights ViolationPharmaceutical companies are NOT liable for vaccine reactions:The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 established the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) as a federal no-fault system to compensate persons (or families of persons) who are injured by childhood vaccines, has paid out over $2.8 billion to families whose children have died or suffered other adverse reactions. In the past 5 years, an average of $221,000,000 has been paid out per year, which has nearly tripled from years before. Recipients of compensation are not allowed to speak of their case after its been settled. Manufacturers and the doctors who administer vaccines are completely shielded from liability for vaccine injuries and deaths.Adverse reactions are more common than widely perceived: Managed by the CDC and FDA, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reports more than 30,000 vaccine related injuries annually. Since 2000, 142 Californians have suffered severe adverse reactions, resulting in 46 deaths of California citizens. Children under the age of 11 months suffered 52.82% of these adverse reactions. In that same time period, VAERS reported the deaths of 707 American citizens. Vaccines fail sometimes where even fully vaccinated people become infected. Nobody can predict who will or will not respond to vaccines. - See Vaccine FailureBig Pharma has a fraudulent history:In the past 5 years, drug makers have paid the U.S. Government $19.2 billion in criminal and civilfraudpenalties. EVERY SINGLE MAKER of vaccines has pled guilty to FRAUD. Yet, we are expected to believe them when they say their product in which they pocket billions of dollar - is safe. Skepticism of the pharmaceutical industry is well deserved, and it doesn't imply skepticism of science. Furthermore, two former Merck virologists now whistleblowers allege that Merck falsified data with the MMR II vaccine in order to meet the required 95% efficacy rate. This, along with other evidence, suggests the possibility thatvaccine failureis a contributing factor for annual outbreaks. -see Vaccine Fraud"For no reason other than freedom, without prejudice on the pros and cons of various vaccinations both individually and on a broader statistical basis, no citizen should be made to get an injection of anything at the point of a gun. I absolutely oppose this legislation." - Chris Thompson, President Fullerton School District, Board of Trustees Fullerton, CA
IN THE NEWSCalifornia is seeing red. Red shirts, that is. People showed up in droves (almost 1500 by rally coordinators count) to oppose California's SB 277, which would remove the personal belief exemption for children attending public and private school, as well as daycare. They waited for hours, filling the halls, seven overflow rooms, an employee cafeteria and a basement room. All for a moment to stand at a microphone, say their name and that they oppose SB 277. Over four hundred of them, many of them families of the vaccine injured, or vaccine injured, themselves. It was a sea of red shirts. The largest turnout in 15 years. Unfortunately those parent's pleas fell on deaf ears, as SB 277 was passed 6-2 and will go on to the next committee. The good news? You still have a chance to stand up and fight for parental rights!April 15 - More and More red shirts more than 800 individuals down the corridors and out the Capitol doors waiting their turn to voice their public opposition to SB 277 in the education committee. NO ON SB 277 Denying Education is DiscriminationPROPOSED LEGISLATION Senate Bill 277 removes current vaccine exemptions. This bill will deny education opportunities
to children who are not vaccinated on a government mandated schedule.SB 277 isn't solving a problem - it's creating host of problems including civil rights violations and religious rights violations. Mandated vaccinations infringe on parents rights and informed medical consent.California doesn't need SB 277.>>CONTACT theCOMMITTEE MEMBERSYou Don't Get To Vote! They Do!Senate Rules has referred SB277to The Health Committee (passed 6/2),To The Education Committee (Passed 7/2)To the Judiciary Committee (Passed 7/1) APPROPRIATION COMMITTEE (due to last minute amendments Bill was Withdrawn from Committee)IMMEDIATELY SB 277 moves directly to Senate FloorTo Passmajority vote (over 21) required.14 of the senators are co-authors 1. EMAIL SENATORS: (copy / Paste into the BCC field)Senator.hernandez@senate.ca.gov, Senator.nguyen@senate.ca.gov, Senator.hall@senate.ca.gov, Senator.mitchell@seante.ca.gov, Senator.monning@senate.ca.gov, Senator.nielsen@senate.ca.gov, Senator.roth@senate.ca.gov, Senator.wolk@senate.ca.gov, Senator.allen@senate.ca.gov, Senator.berryhill@senate.ca.gov, Senator.block@senate.ca.gov, Senator.cannella@senate.ca.gov, senator.deleon@senate.ca.gov, Senator.fuller@senate.ca.gov, Senator.gaines@senate.ca.gov,Benjamin.Allen@senate.ca.gov, Senator.anderson@senate.ca.gov, Senator.bates@senate.ca.gov, Senator.beall@senate.ca.gov, Senator.galgiani@senate.ca.gov, Senator.hancock@senate.ca.gov, Senator.hertzberg@senate.ca.gov, Senator.hill@senate.ca.gov, Senator.hueso@senate.ca.gov, Senator.huff@senate.ca.gov, Senator.beth@senate.ca.gov, Senator.lara@senate.ca.gov, Senator.leno@senate.ca.gov, Senator.leyva@seante.ca.gov,Senator.liu@senate.ca.gov, Senator.mcguire@senate.ca.gov, Senator.mendoza@senate.ca.gov, Senator.morrell@senate.ca.gov, Senator.pavely@senate.ca.gov, Senator.stone@senate.ca.gov, Senator.wieckowski@senate.ca.gov, Senator.vidak@senate.ca.gov, Senator.runner@senate.ca.gov, Senator.moorlach@senate.ca.gov2. MEETING WITH SENATORS: Coordinate with your Senator's office to meet and discuss your concerns.
3. Keep community outreach in the forefront of your mind. Canvassing at the weekend farmer's markets, peaceful protests, hosting an informational gathering with colleagues or in your mommy group, reaching out to your school's administrators...etc. Community outreach falls on each of us. At the very least, share this website with others SB277.ORGSB277 status & history
FORCED VACCINES ARE NOTTHE ANSWERI oppose SB277 because I believe in the right of an individual to make the decision for what is best for themselves or their family. Whether I choose to vaccinate or not vaccinate should be up to me, not the government. We know our needs and concerns of our family more than the government. The government should understand the love we have for our children and we do what is best for them. The issue with SB277 is freedom of choice! - L.C.
Technology giant IBM has revealed it is expanding its artificially intelligent computer system Watson to include more healthcare analytics data.
IBM Watson Health will be collaborating healthcare software provider Epic and not-for-profit Mayo Clinic to advance patient health by applying Watson's cognitive computing capabilities to Electronic Patient Records (EPRs).
''We are collaborating with Epic and Mayo Clinic in another important validation of the potential of Watson to be used broadly across the healthcare industry,'' claimed Mike Rhodin, IBM Watson senior vice president.
''This is just the first step in our vision to bring more personalised care to individual patients by connecting traditional sources of patient information with the growing pools of dynamic and constantly growing healthcare information,'' he added.
According to the firm, patients and providers will be able to benefit from a more rapid and thorough analysis of the medical factors that could impact an individual's health and wellness.
It claims Epic's interoperability with Watson will enable institutions using this software to provide greater clinical insight to help personalise healthcare.
There is a possibility that Watson and Epic may work together to develop patient treatment protocols, personalise patient management for chronic conditions and intelligently assist doctors and nurses by providing relevant evidence from the worldwide body of medical knowledge.
Healthcare providers will be able to share patient-specific data with Watson in real time, within workflows, allowing the supercomputer to bring forth critical evidence from medical literature and case studies that are most relevant to the patient's care.
''Accessing Watson's virtual brainpower from the Epic platform is energising from a creative standpoint,'' claimed Epic president Carl Dvorak.
''We are bringing another level of cognitive computing and augmented intelligence to mainstream healthcare, to improve safety and outcomes for patients global,'' Dvorak added.
Putting cancer patients in right clinical trialsMeanwhile, IBM is working with the Mayo Clinic to pioneer cognitive computing in clinical trials matching for cancer patients.
IBM claims Watson's speed and accuracy allows physicians to enrol patients more quickly in the clinical trials that best meet their individual needs.
''Patients need answers and Watson helps provide them quickly and more thoroughly. We are excited by Watson's potential to efficiently provide clinical trials information at the point of care,'' claimed Mayo Clinic oncologist Dr Steven Alberts.
IBM Watson Health and the Watson Health Cloud platform are reportedly helping to improve the ability of doctors, researchers and insurers to innovate by surfacing new insights from the massive amounts of personal health data being created daily.
The Health Cloud enables the anonymisation, sharing and combination of information with a dynamic and constantly growing aggregated view of clinical, research and social health data.
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This requires rapidly removing key differences between the online and offline worlds to break down barriers to cross-border online activity.
Easier e-commerceMake cross-border commerce easier, especially for small and medium businesses. Today only 15% of consumers shop online from another EU country. Harmonising consumer and contract rules will both encourage more businesses to sell online across borders and give consumers more confidence.
Improving parcel deliveryPromote affordable, high-quality cross-border delivery services '-- building consumer trust, making delivery more efficient and affordable, and making it more attractive to buy from another EU country. 62% of companies who would like to sell online say that high delivery costs are a problem for them.
Tackling geo-blockingGeo-blocking leaves many Europeans unable to use the online services available in other EU countries, or redirects them to a local store with different prices. This is often done without any justification. Such discrimination cannot exist in a single market.
Modernising copyright lawModernise copyright and ensure the right balance between creators' and consumers' interests. This will give people better access to culture, support cultural diversity, and open new doors for artists and creators. The Commission will also step up enforcement against commercial-scale infringements of intellectual property rights.
Simplifying VAT rulesMake it easier for businesses '' especially small businesses '' to buy and sell in other EU countries. Selling cross-border within the EU can mean over '¬ 5 000 in VAT compliance costs, per extra country per year. Single electronic registration and payment, and common thresholds, can cut the burden.
Upcoming2015Legislative proposals for simple and effective cross-border contract rules for consumers and businessesCompetition sector inquiry into e-commerce, relating to the online trade of goods and the online provision of servicesA wide ranging review to prepare legislative proposals to tackle unjustified geo-blockingLegislative proposals for a reform of the copyright regime2015-2016Review of the Satellite and Cable Directive2016Review of the Regulation on Consumer Protection CooperationLegislative proposals to reduce the administrative burden on businesses arising from different VAT regimesMeasures in the area of parcel delivery
An environment where digital networks and services can prosper - European Commission
This requires high-speed, secure and trustworthy infrastructure, supported by the right regulatory conditions for investment, fair competition and a level playing field.
Making telecoms rules fit for purposeAll digital services, applications and content depend on the availability of high-speed, secure infrastructures, requiring a strong, competitive and dynamic telecoms sector. But the sector is changing, consumer behaviour is changing, and markets remain isolated and national; meanwhile, the slow and incomplete release of spectrum has impeded the rollout of 4G. This calls for an ambitious overhaul of telecoms rules.
A media framework for the 21st centuryThe audiovisual sector is changing '' with new technology, new business models, on-demand services, and new ways to watch such as on your smartphone. The Commission will review existing rules in this area.
The role of online platformsOnline "platforms" '-- like search engines, social media, e-commerce platforms, app stores, and price comparison websites '-- are playing an ever more central role. However, there are issues: such as transparency, use of information, and constraints on moving from one platform to another. The Commission will comprehensively assess these issues, as well as looking at how to best tackle illegal content on the Internet.
Strengthening trust in online servicesAddress Europeans' concerns about their personal data. 72% of European internet users are concerned about how their personal data is used: the new Data Protection Regulation should address these concerns and boost trust; the Commission will also review rules on ePrivacy and act on cybersecurity.
Upcoming2015Comprehensive analysis of the role of platforms in the market including illegal content on the internet2016Legislative proposals to reform the current telecoms rules and the Audiovisual Media Services DirectiveEstablishment of a Cybersecurity contractual Public-Private PartnershipReview of the e-Privacy Directive
European Court To Explore If Linking To Infringing Material Is Infringing | Techdirt
A couple of years ago in the Svensson case, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) made it clear (finally) that merely linking to content is not infringement. That was a case involving a news aggregator linking to official sources. However, in a new case that has been referred to the CJEU, the court will examine if links to unauthorized versions of content is infringing as well. The excellent IPKat has the details of the case which involves a blog that linked to some pre-publication Playboy photos in the Netherlands. A lower court had said that it wasn't copyright infringement, but still broke the law, by facilitating access. On appeal, the court found that the free speech concerns outweighed the copyright concerns. From the description by the lawyer representing the blogger ("Geen Stijl news"):We lodged an appeal on behalf of Geen Stijl on a few grounds which was successful: the Court of Appeal had misapplied the 'quotation' exception in copyright law and did not sufficiently balance the freedom of speech versus copyright protection, as it indicated that 'only in exceptional circumstances' would the freedom of speech outweigh copyright protection, as freedom of speech concerns are taken into account in the law, in particular in the exceptions. The Supreme Court followed our reasoning that copyright is a fundamental right, but that the same goes for the freedom of speech, and that they thus should be considered on equal footing. The Court of Appeal should therefore have considered all relevant circumstances (among which is whether this is commercial speech or a news item) and not only exceptional circumstances. Never before has the freedom of speech been given so much weight in The Netherlands.
That's the good news. On the flip side, Sanoma, the Dutch publisher of Playboy, has appealed on its own, and that's the question that is going to the CJEU. It basically asks how to apply that earlier ruling saying linking is not infringing to a case in which the content being linked to is not authorized -- and whether it matters if the linker knew or should have known the content was infringing.Given the scenario, this could become a rather important copyright case in Europe, considering how frequently people may end up linking to content that may be infringing.
An Act to enact the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act and the Secure Air Travel Act, to amend the Criminal Code, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other Acts
Loi (C)dictant la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada et la Loi sur la s>>ret(C) des d(C)placements a(C)riens, modifiant le Code criminel, la Loi sur le Service canadien du renseignement de s(C)curit(C) et la Loi sur l'immigration et la protection des r(C)fugi(C)s et apportant des modifications connexes et corr(C)latives d'autres lois
Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:
Sa Majest(C), sur l'avis et avec le consentement du S(C)nat et de la Chambre des communes du Canada, (C)dicte :
1. This Act may be cited as the Anti-terrorism Act, 2015.
1.Loi antiterroriste de 2015.
SECURITY OF CANADA INFORMATION SHARING ACT
LOI SUR LA COMMUNICATION D'INFORMATION AYANT TRAIT LA SCURIT DU CANADA
2. The Security of Canada Information Sharing Act, whose text is as follows and whose Schedules 1 to 3 are set out in the schedule to this Act, is enacted:
2. Est (C)dict(C)e la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, dont le texte suit et dont les annexes 1 3 figurent l'annexe de la pr(C)sente loi :
An Act to encourage and facilitate information sharing between Government of Canada institutions in order to protect Canada against activities that undermine the security of Canada
Whereas the people of Canada are entitled to live free from threats to their lives and their security;
Whereas activities that undermine the security of Canada are often carried out in a clandestine, deceptive or hostile manner, are increasingly global, complex and sophisticated, and often emerge and evolve rapidly;
Whereas there is no more fundamental role for a government than protecting its country and its people;
Whereas Canada is not to be used as a conduit for the carrying out of activities that threaten the security of another state;
Whereas protecting Canada and its people against activities that undermine the security of Canada often transcends the mandate and capability of any one Government of Canada institution;
Whereas Parliament recognizes that information needs to be shared '-- and disparate information needs to be collated '-- in order to enable the Government to protect Canada and its people against activities that undermine the security of Canada;
Whereas information in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada is to be shared in a manner that is consistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the protection of privacy;
And whereas Government of Canada institutions are accountable for the effective and responsible sharing of information;
Loi visant encourager et faciliter la communication d'information entre les institutions f(C)d(C)rales afin de prot(C)ger le Canada contre des activit(C)s qui portent atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada
Attendu :
que la population du Canada est en droit de vivre l'abri des menaces la vie ou la s(C)curit(C);
que les activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada sont souvent men(C)es de mani¨re clandestine, trompeuse ou hostile, sont de plus en plus globales, complexes et sophistiqu(C)es, et voient le jour et (C)voluent souvent rapidement;
qu'il n'est point de r´le plus fondamental pour un gouvernement que la protection de son pays et de sa population;
que le Canada ne doit pas servir d'interm(C)diaire quiconque m¨ne des activit(C)s qui menacent la s(C)curit(C) d'un tat (C)tranger;
que la protection du Canada et de sa population contre des activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada exc¨de souvent le mandat ou les capacit(C)s d'une seule institution f(C)d(C)rale;
que le Parlement reconna®t la n(C)cessit(C) de communiquer de l'information '-- et de regrouper des (C)l(C)ments d'information disparates '-- pour permettre au gouvernement de prot(C)ger le Canada et sa population contre ces activit(C)s;
que la communication d'information l'(C)gard de telles activit(C)s doit s'effectuer d'une mani¨re conforme la Charte canadienne des droits et libert(C)s et la protection de la vie priv(C)e;
que les institutions f(C)d(C)rales sont garantes d'une communication d'information responsable et efficace,
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:
Sa Majest(C), sur l'avis et avec le consentement du S(C)nat et de la Chambre des communes du Canada, (C)dicte :
1. This Act may be cited as the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act.
1.Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada.
2. The following definitions apply in this Act.
''activity that undermines the security of Canada'' activit(C) portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada >>''activity that undermines the security of Canada'' means any activity, including any of the following activities, if it undermines the sovereignty, security or territorial integrity of Canada or the lives or the security of the people of Canada:
(a) interference with the capability of the Government of Canada in relation to intelligence, defence, border operations, public safety, the administration of justice, diplomatic or consular relations, or the economic or financial stability of Canada;
(b) changing or unduly influencing a government in Canada by force or unlawful means;
(c) espionage, sabotage or covert foreign-influenced activities;
(d) terrorism;
(e) proliferation of nuclear, chemical, radiological or biological weapons;
(f) interference with critical infrastructure;
(g) interference with the global information infrastructure, as defined in section 273.61 of the National Defence Act;
(h) an activity that causes serious harm to a person or their property because of that person's association with Canada; and
(i) an activity that takes place in Canada and undermines the security of another state.
For greater certainty, it does not include lawful advocacy, protest, dissent and artistic expression.
''Government of Canada institution'' institution f(C)d(C)rale >>''Government of Canada institution'' means
(a) a government institution '-- as defined in section 3 of the Privacy Act '-- other than one that is listed in Schedule 1; or
(b) an institution that is listed in Schedule 2.
''people of Canada'' population du Canada >>''people of Canada'' means
(a) the people in Canada; or
(b) any citizen, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Citizenship Act '-- or any permanent resident, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act '-- who is outside Canada.
2. Les d(C)finitions qui suivent s'appliquent la pr(C)sente loi.
activit(C) portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada >> S'entend d'une activit(C) qui porte atteinte la souverainet(C), la s(C)curit(C) ou l'int(C)grit(C) territoriale du Canada ou la vie ou la s(C)curit(C) de la population du Canada, notamment les activit(C)s ci-apr¨s si elles entra®nent une telle atteinte :
activit(C) portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada >>''activity that undermines the security of Canada''a) entraver la capacit(C) du gouvernement f(C)d(C)ral '-- ou de son administration '-- en mati¨re de renseignement, de d(C)fense, d'activit(C)s la fronti¨re, de s(C)curit(C) publique, d'administration de la justice, de relations diplomatiques ou consulaires ou de stabilit(C) (C)conomique ou financi¨re du Canada;
b) entra®ner un changement de gouvernement au Canada ou influer ind>>ment sur un tel gouvernement par l'emploi de la force ou de moyens ill(C)gaux;
c) espionner, saboter ou se livrer une activit(C) secr¨te influenc(C)e par l'(C)tranger;
d) se livrer au terrorisme;
e) se livrer une activit(C) qui a pour effet la prolif(C)ration d'armes nucl(C)aires, chimiques, radiologiques ou biologiques;
f) entraver le fonctionnement d'infrastructures essentielles;
g) entraver le fonctionnement de l'infrastructure mondiale d'information, au sens de l'article 273.61 de la Loi sur la d(C)fense nationale;
h) causer des dommages graves une personne ou ses biens en raison de ses liens avec le Canada;
i) se livrer une activit(C) au Canada qui porte atteinte la s(C)curit(C) d'un autre tat.
Il est entendu que sont exclues les activit(C)s licites de d(C)fense d'une cause, de protestation, de manifestation d'un d(C)saccord ou d'expression artistique.
institution f(C)d(C)rale >> S'entend :
institution f(C)d(C)rale >>''Government of Canada institution''a) de l'institution f(C)d(C)rale, au sens de l'article 3 de la Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels, autre qu'une institution qui figure l'annexe 1;
b) d'une institution qui figure l'annexe 2.
population du Canada >>
population du Canada >>''people of Canada''a) La population au Canada;
b) tout citoyen, au sens du paragraphe 2(1) de la Loi sur la citoyennet(C), ou tout r(C)sident permanent, au sens du paragraphe 2(1) de la Loi sur l'immigration et la protection des r(C)fugi(C)s, qui se trouve l'(C)tranger.
3. The purpose of this Act is to encourage and facilitate the sharing of information among Government of Canada institutions in order to protect Canada against activities that undermine the security of Canada.
3. La pr(C)sente loi a pour objet d'encourager les institutions f(C)d(C)rales communiquer entre elles de l'information et de faciliter une telle communication, afin de prot(C)ger le Canada contre des activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada.
4. Information sharing under this Act is to be guided by the following principles:
(a) effective and responsible information sharing protects Canada and Canadians;
(b) respect for caveats on and originator control over shared information is consistent with effective and responsible information sharing;
(c) entry into information-sharing arrangements is appropriate when Government of Canada institutions share information regularly;
(d) the provision of feedback as to how shared information is used and as to whether it is useful in protecting against activities that undermine the security of Canada facilitates effective and responsible information sharing; and
(e) only those within an institution who exercise its jurisdiction or carry out its responsibilities in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada ought to receive information that is disclosed under this Act.
4. Les principes ci-apr¨s doivent guider la communication d'information au titre de la pr(C)sente loi :
a) la communication d'information responsable et efficace prot¨ge le Canada et les Canadiens;
b) le respect des mises en garde et du droit de regard de la source relativement l'information ainsi communiqu(C)e est compatible avec une communication d'information responsable et efficace;
c) la conclusion d'ententes de communication d'information convient aux institutions f(C)d(C)rales qui communiquent r(C)guli¨rement entre elles de l'information;
d) la fourniture de r(C)troaction sur la fa§on dont l'information qui est communiqu(C)e est utilis(C)e et sur son utilit(C) en mati¨re de protection contre des activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada facilite une communication d'information responsable et efficace;
e) seuls ceux qui, au sein d'une institution, exercent la comp(C)tence ou les attributions de celle-ci l'(C)gard d'activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada devraient recevoir l'information communiqu(C)e en vertu de la pr(C)sente loi.
DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION D'INFORMATION
Disclosure of information5. (1) Subject to any provision of any other Act of Parliament, or of any regulation made under such an Act, that prohibits or restricts the disclosure of information, a Government of Canada institution may, on its own initiative or on request, disclose information to the head of a recipient Government of Canada institution whose title is listed in Schedule 3, or their delegate, if the information is relevant to the recipient institution's jurisdiction or responsibilities under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada, including in respect of their detection, identification, analysis, prevention, investigation or disruption.
5. (1) Sous r(C)serve des dispositions de toute autre loi f(C)d(C)rale ou de tout r¨glement pris en vertu de l'une de celles-ci interdisant ou restreignant la communication d'information, une institution f(C)d(C)rale peut, de sa propre initiative ou sur demande, communiquer de l'information au responsable d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale destinataire dont le titre figure l'annexe 3, ou son d(C)l(C)gu(C), si l'information se rapporte la comp(C)tence ou aux attributions de l'institution destinataire pr(C)vues par une loi f(C)d(C)rale ou une autre autorit(C) l(C)gitime l'(C)gard d'activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, notamment en ce qui touche la d(C)tection, l'identification, l'analyse, la pr(C)vention ou la perturbation de ces activit(C)s ou une enquªte sur celles-ci.
Communication d'informationFurther disclosure under subsection (1)(2) Information received under subsection (1) may be further disclosed under that subsection.
(2) L'information re§ue au titre du paragraphe (1) peut ªtre communiqu(C)e de nouveau en vertu de ce paragraphe.
Communication subs(C)quente en vertu du paragraphe (1)Further disclosure '-- other than under this Act6. For greater certainty, nothing in this Act prevents a head, or their delegate, who receives information under subsection 5(1) from, in accordance with the law, using that information, or further disclosing it to any person, for any purpose.
6. Il est entendu que la pr(C)sente loi n'a pas pour effet d'empªcher le responsable d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale, ou son d(C)l(C)gu(C), qui re§oit de l'information au titre du paragraphe 5(1) de l'utiliser ou de la communiquer de nouveau toute personne conform(C)ment la loi, et ce toute fin.
Communication subs(C)quente '-- autrement qu'en vertu de la pr(C)sente loi7. The act of disclosing information under this Act does not create a presumption
(a) that the disclosing institution is conducting a joint investigation or decision-making process with the recipient institution and therefore has the same obligations, if any, as the recipient institution to disclose or produce information for the purposes of a proceeding; or
(b) that there has been a waiver of any privilege, or of any requirement to obtain consent, for the purposes of any other disclosure of that information either in a proceeding or to an institution that is not a Government of Canada institution.
7. Le fait de communiquer de l'information au titre de la pr(C)sente loi ne cr(C)e pas de pr(C)somption selon laquelle :
a) l'institution la communiquant participe une enquªte ou un processus d(C)cisionnel men(C)s avec l'institution destinataire et a ainsi les mªmes obligations, le cas (C)ch(C)ant, que cette derni¨re institution en mati¨re de communication ou de production d'information dans le cadre d'une instance;
b) il y a eu renonciation tout privil¨ge ou toute exigence d'obtenir un consentement aux fins de toute autre communication de cette information, que celle-ci soit communiqu(C)e dans le cadre d'une instance ou une institution qui n'est pas une institution f(C)d(C)rale.
8. Nothing in this Act limits or affects any authority to disclose information under another Act of Parliament or a provincial Act, at common law or under the royal prerogative.
8. La pr(C)sente loi n'a pas pour effet de porter atteinte aux pouvoirs en mati¨re de communication d'information qui d(C)coulent d'une autre loi f(C)d(C)rale, d'une loi provinciale, de la common law ou de la pr(C)rogative royale.
PROTECTION FROM CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
IMMUNIT EN MATIRE CIVILE
9. No civil proceedings lie against any person for their disclosure in good faith of information under this Act.
9. Toute personne b(C)n(C)ficie de l'immunit(C) en mati¨re civile pour la communication d'information faite de bonne foi en vertu de la pr(C)sente loi.
Immunit(C) en mati¨re civilePOWERS OF GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL
POUVOIRS DU GOUVERNEUR EN CONSEIL
10. (1) The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act, including regulations
(a) respecting the manner of disclosure under section 5;
(b) requiring records to be kept and retained in respect of that disclosure; and
(c) respecting the manner in which those records are kept and retained.
10. (1) Sur recommandation du ministre de la S(C)curit(C) publique et de la Protection civile, le gouverneur en conseil peut, par r¨glement, prendre toute mesure d'application de la pr(C)sente loi, notamment des r¨glements :
a) concernant les modalit(C)s des communications faites en vertu de l'article 5;
b) exigeant la tenue et la conservation de documents relativement ces communications;
c) concernant les modalit(C)s de tenue et de conservation de ces documents.
Amendments to Schedules 1 and 2(2) The Governor in Council may make an order adding the name of an institution to Schedule 1 or 2 or deleting one from either of those Schedules.
(2) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par d(C)cret, ajouter le nom d'une institution l'annexe 1 ou 2 ou en supprimer un de l'une ou l'autre de ces annexes.
Modification des annexes 1 et 2(3) The Governor in Council may make an order adding the name of a Government of Canada institution and the title of its head to Schedule 3, deleting the name of an institution and the title of its head from that Schedule or amending the name of an institution or the title of a head that is listed in that Schedule. An addition is authorized only if the institution has jurisdiction or responsibilities under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority in respect of activities that undermine the security of Canada, including in respect of their detection, identification, analysis, prevention, investigation or disruption.
(3) Le gouverneur en conseil peut, par d(C)cret, ajouter le nom d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale et le titre de son responsable l'annexe 3, supprimer de cette annexe le nom d'une institution et le titre de son responsable ou modifier le nom d'une institution ou le titre d'un responsable qui figure cette annexe. Il ne peut y avoir ajout que si l'institution est comp(C)tente ou a des attributions au titre d'une loi f(C)d(C)rale ou d'une autre autorit(C) l(C)gitime l'(C)gard d'activit(C)s portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, notamment en ce qui touche la d(C)tection, l'identification, l'analyse, la pr(C)vention ou la perturbation de ces activit(C)s ou une enquªte sur celles-ci.
Modification de l'annexe 3Loi sur la taxe d'accise
3. Section 295 of the Excise Tax Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (5.04):
3. L'article 295 de la Loi sur la taxe d'accise est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (5.04), de ce qui suit :
(5.05) An official may provide to the head, or their delegate, of a recipient Government of Canada institution listed in Schedule 3 to the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act
(a) confidential information, if there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the information would be relevant to
(i) an investigation of whether the activity of any person may constitute threats to the security of Canada, as defined in section 2 of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act, or
(ii) an investigation of whether any of the following offences may have been committed:
(A) a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, and
(B) an offence under section 462.31 of the Criminal Code, if that investigation is related to a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of that Act; and
(b) information setting out the reasonable grounds referred to in paragraph (a), to the extent that any such grounds rely on information referred to in that paragraph.
(5.05) Un fonctionnaire peut fournir les renseignements ci-apr¨s au responsable d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale destinataire figurant l'annexe 3 de la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, ou son d(C)l(C)gu(C) :
a) des renseignements confidentiels, s'il existe des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner qu'ils seraient utiles aux fins suivantes :
(i) toute enquªte visant v(C)rifier si les activit(C)s d'une personne sont de nature constituer des menaces envers la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, au sens de l'article 2 de la Loi sur le Service canadien du renseignement de s(C)curit(C),
(ii) toute enquªte visant (C)tablir si l'une des infractions ci-apr¨s peut avoir (C)t(C) commise :
(A) une infraction de terrorisme, au sens de l'article 2 du Code criminel,
(B) une infraction pr(C)vue l'article 462.31 du Code criminel, si l'enquªte en cause est li(C)e une infraction de terrorisme au sens de l'article 2 de cette loi;
b) les renseignements (C)tablissant les motifs raisonnables mentionn(C)s l'alin(C)a a), dans la mesure o¹ ces motifs sont fond(C)s sur les renseignements vis(C)s cet alin(C)a.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Act
Loi sur le minist¨re des Pªches et des Oc(C)ans
4. Section 4 of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (2):
4. L'article 4 de la Loi sur le minist¨re des Pªches et des Oc(C)ans est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (2), de ce qui suit :
Security of Canada Information Sharing Act(3) In carrying out activities in relation to the maritime domain, the Minister may receive information that
(a) relates to activities that undermine the security of Canada, as defined in section 2 of the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act; and
(b) is relevant to his or her support of a Government of Canada institution, as defined in that section, that has jurisdiction or responsibilities under an Act of Parliament or another lawful authority in respect of those activities, including their detection, identification, analysis, prevention, investigation or disruption.
(3) En exer§ant des activit(C)s relatives au domaine maritime, le ministre peut recevoir de l'information qui est la fois :
Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canadaa) relative une activit(C) portant atteinte la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, au sens de l'article 2 de la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada;
b) li(C)e au soutien qu'il apporte une institution f(C)d(C)rale, au sens de cet article, qui est comp(C)tente ou a des attributions au titre d'une loi f(C)d(C)rale ou d'une autre autorit(C) l(C)gitime l'(C)gard d'une telle activit(C), notamment en ce qui touche la d(C)tection, l'identification, l'analyse, la pr(C)vention ou la perturbation de ces activit(C)s ou une enquªte sur celles-ci.
5. (1) Subsection 107(4) of the Customs Act is amended by striking out ''or'' at the end of paragraph (g), by adding ''or'' at the end of paragraph (h) and by adding the following after paragraph (h):
5. (1) Le paragraphe 107(4) de la Loi sur les douanes est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a h), de ce qui suit :
(i) is disclosed in accordance with the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act.
i) le renseignement est communiqu(C) conform(C)ment la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada.
(2) Paragraph 107(5)(j) of the Act is replaced by the following:
(2) L'alin(C)a 107(5)j) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(j) an official of the Department of Citizenship and Immigration solely for the purpose of administering or enforcing
(i)the Citizenship Act or the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, if the information relates to the movement of people into and out of Canada, or
(ii) the law of Canada respecting passports or other travel documents;
j) un fonctionnaire du minist¨re de la Citoyennet(C) et de l'Immigration, uniquement pour l'application ou l'ex(C)cution :
(i)soit de la Loi sur la citoyennet(C) ou de la Loi sur l'immigration et la protection des r(C)fugi(C)s, lorsque le renseignement se rapporte l'entr(C)e de personnes au Canada ou leur sortie du Canada,
(ii) soit du droit f(C)d(C)ral en mati¨re de passeports ou autres documents de voyage;
Loi de l'imp´t sur le revenu
6. (1) The portion of subsection 241(9) of the Income Tax Act before paragraph (c) is replaced by the following:
6. (1) Le passage du paragraphe 241(9) de la Loi de l'imp´t sur le revenu pr(C)c(C)dant l'alin(C)a c) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(9) An official may provide to the head, or their delegate, of a recipient Government of Canada institution listed in Schedule 3 to the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act
(a) publicly accessible charity information;
(b) taxpayer information, if there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the information would be relevant to
(i) an investigation of whether the activity of any person may constitute threats to the security of Canada, as defined in section 2 of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act, or
(ii) an investigation of whether any of the following offences may have been committed:
(A) a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, and
(B) an offence under section 462.31 of the Criminal Code, if that investigation is related to a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of that Act; and
(9) Un fonctionnaire peut fournir les renseignements ci-apr¨s au responsable d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale destinataire figurant l'annexe 3 de la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, ou son d(C)l(C)gu(C) :
a) les renseignements d'organismes de bienfaisance accessibles au public;
b) des renseignements confidentiels, s'il existe des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner qu'ils seraient utiles aux fins suivantes :
(i) toute enquªte visant v(C)rifier si les activit(C)s d'une personne sont de nature constituer des menaces envers la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, au sens de l'article 2 de la Loi sur le Service canadien du renseignement de s(C)curit(C),
(ii) toute enquªte visant (C)tablir si l'une des infractions ci-apr¨s peut avoir (C)t(C) commise :
(A) une infraction de terrorisme, au sens de l'article 2 du Code criminel,
(B) une infraction pr(C)vue l'article 462.31 du Code criminel, si l'enquªte en cause est li(C)e une infraction de terrorisme au sens de l'article 2 de cette loi;
(2) The definition ''designated taxpayer information'' in subsection 241(10) of the Act is repealed.
(2) La d(C)finition de renseignement confidentiel d(C)sign(C) >>, au paragraphe 241(10) de la mªme loi, est abrog(C)e.
Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act
Loi de mise en oeuvre de la Convention sur les armes chimiques
7. Subsection 17(3) of the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act is amended by striking out ''or'' at the end of paragraph (a), by adding ''or'' at the end of paragraph (b) and by adding the following after paragraph (b):
7. Le paragraphe 17(3) de la Loi de mise en oeuvre de la Convention sur les armes chimiques est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a b), de ce qui suit :
(c) in the case where the information or documents are disclosed in accordance with the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act.
c) qu'ils soient communiqu(C)s conform(C)ment la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada.
Loi de 2001 sur l'accise
8. Section 211 of the Excise Act, 2001 is amended by adding the following after subsection (6.4):
8. L'article 211 de la Loi de 2001 sur l'accise est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (6.4), de ce qui suit :
(6.5) An official may provide to the head, or their delegate, of a recipient Government of Canada institution listed in Schedule 3 to the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act
(a) confidential information, if there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the information would be relevant to
(i) an investigation of whether the activity of any person may constitute threats to the security of Canada, as defined in section 2 of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act, or
(ii) an investigation of whether any of the following offences may have been committed:
(A) a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, and
(B) an offence under section 462.31 of the Criminal Code, if that investigation is related to a terrorism offence as defined in section 2 of that Act; and
(b) information setting out the reasonable grounds referred to in paragraph (a), to the extent that any such grounds rely on information referred to in that paragraph.
(6.5) Un fonctionnaire peut fournir les renseignements ci-apr¨s au responsable d'une institution f(C)d(C)rale destinataire figurant l'annexe 3 de la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, ou son d(C)l(C)gu(C) :
a) des renseignements confidentiels, s'il existe des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner qu'ils seraient utiles aux fins suivantes :
(i) toute enquªte visant v(C)rifier si les activit(C)s d'une personne sont de nature constituer des menaces envers la s(C)curit(C) du Canada, au sens de l'article 2 de la Loi sur le Service canadien du renseignement de s(C)curit(C),
(ii) toute enquªte visant (C)tablir si l'une des infractions ci-apr¨s peut avoir (C)t(C) commise :
(A) une infraction de terrorisme, au sens de l'article 2 du Code criminel,
(B) une infraction pr(C)vue l'article 462.31 du Code criminel, si l'enquªte en cause est li(C)e une infraction de terrorisme au sens de l'article 2 de cette loi;
b) les renseignements (C)tablissant les motifs raisonnables mentionn(C)s l'alin(C)a a), dans la mesure o¹ ces motifs sont fond(C)s sur les renseignements vis(C)s cet alin(C)a.
Disposition de coordination
9. On the first day on which both section 254 of the Economic Action Plan 2014 Act, No. 2 and section 2 of this Act are in force, Schedule 3 to the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act is amended by replac- ing the reference to ''Chief Public Health Officer'' in column 2 with a reference to ''President of the Public Health Agency of Canada''.
9. D¨s le premier jour o¹ l'article 254 de la Loi no 2 sur le plan d'action (C)conomique de 2014 et l'article 2 de la pr(C)sente loi sont tous deux en vigueur, l'annexe 3 de la Loi sur la communication d'information ayant trait la s(C)curit(C) du Canada est modifi(C)e par remplacement de la mention L'administrateur en chef de la sant(C) publique >>, figurant dans la colonne 2, par Le pr(C)sident de l'Agence de la sant(C) publique du Canada >>.
10. (1) Sections 2, 3 and 5 to 8 come into force on a day to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.
10. (1) Les articles 2, 3 et 5 8 entrent en vigueur la date fix(C)e par d(C)cret.
(2) Section 4 comes into force on a day to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.
(2) L'article 4 entre en vigueur la date fix(C)e par d(C)cret.
LOI SUR LA SRET DES DPLACEMENTS ARIENS
11. The Secure Air Travel Act is enacted as follows:
11. Est (C)dict(C)e la Loi sur la s>>ret(C) des d(C)placements a(C)riens, dont le texte suit :
An Act to enhance security relating to transportation and to prevent air travel for the purpose of engaging in acts of terrorism
Loi concernant l'am(C)lioration de la s>>ret(C) visant les transports et la pr(C)vention des d(C)placements a(C)riens dont l'objet est la perp(C)tration d'actes de terrorisme
1. This Act may be cited as the Secure Air Travel Act.
1.Loi sur la s>>ret(C) des d(C)placements a(C)riens.
2. This Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.
2. La pr(C)sente loi lie Sa Majest(C) du chef du Canada et des provinces.
Obligation de Sa Majest(C)3. The following definitions apply in this Act.
''air carrier'' transporteur a(C)rien >>''air carrier'' has the same meaning as in subsection 3(1) of the Aeronautics Act.
''aviation reservation system'' syst¨me de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens >>''aviation reservation system'' has the same meaning as in subsection 3(1) of the Aeronautics Act.
''list'' means the list established under subsection 8(1).
''listed person'' personne inscrite >>''listed person'' means a person whose name is on the list.
''Minister'' ministre >>''Minister'' means the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness.
''screening'' contr´le >>''screening'' has the same meaning as in section 4.7 of the Aeronautics Act.
''sterile area'' zone st(C)rile >>''sterile area'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Canadian Aviation Security Regulations, 2012.
''transportation security'' s>>ret(C) des transports >>''transportation security'' has the same meaning as in subsection 4.81(0.1) of the Aeronautics Act.
3. Les d(C)finitions qui suivent s'appliquent la pr(C)sente loi.
contr´le >> S'entend au sens de l'article 4.7 de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
contr´le >>''screening'' liste >> La liste (C)tablie en vertu du paragraphe 8(1).
ministre >> Le ministre de la S(C)curit(C) publique et de la Protection civile.
ministre >>''Minister'' personne inscrite >> Personne dont le nom figure sur la liste.
personne inscrite >>''listed person'' s>>ret(C) des transports >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 4.81(0.1) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
s>>ret(C) des transports >>''transportation security'' syst¨me de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 3(1) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
syst¨me de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens >>''aviation reservation system'' transporteur a(C)rien >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 3(1) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
transporteur a(C)rien >>''air carrier'' zone st(C)rile >> S'entend au sens de l'article 3 du R¨glement canadien de 2012 sur la s>>ret(C) a(C)rienne.
zone st(C)rile >>''sterile area''4. (1) Subject to any regulations made under this Act, this Act applies to all persons, both inside and outside Canada.
4. (1) Sous r(C)serve des r¨glements pris au titre de la pr(C)sente loi, celle-ci s'applique toute personne, au Canada ou l'(C)tranger.
(2) Nothing in this Act is to be construed as requiring a person to contravene, or an aircraft to be operated in contravention of, a law of a foreign state that applies to or in respect of the person or aircraft.
(2) La pr(C)sente loi n'a pas pour effet d'obliger une personne contrevenir aux lois d'un tat (C)tranger auxquelles elle est soumise ni imposer l'utilisation d'un a(C)ronef en contravention avec les lois d'un tat (C)tranger auxquelles son utilisation est soumise.
Contraventions outside Canada5. Every person who commits an act or omission outside Canada that if committed in Canada would be a contravention of a provision of this Act or its regulations is deemed to have committed the act or omission in Canada, and the person may be proceeded against and punished in the place in Canada where the person is found, as if the contravention had been committed in that place.
5. Quiconque est l'auteur l'(C)tranger d'un fait '-- acte ou omission '-- qui, survenu au Canada, constituerait une contravention une disposition de la pr(C)sente loi ou de ses r¨glements est r(C)put(C) avoir commis cette contravention au Canada. Il peut ªtre poursuivi et puni au lieu du Canada o¹ il se trouve comme si la contravention y avait (C)t(C) commise.
Infractions commises l'(C)tranger6. (1) An air carrier that holds Canadian aviation documents, as defined in subsection 3(1) of the Aeronautics Act, must comply with the requirements of this Act and its regulations before allowing any person to board an aircraft or transporting any person.
6. (1) Le transporteur a(C)rien titulaire de documents d'aviation canadiens au sens du paragraphe 3(1) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique est tenu, avant de laisser un passager monter bord d'un a(C)ronef ou de transporter une personne, de se conformer aux exigences de la pr(C)sente loi et de ses r¨glements.
Transporteur a(C)rien '-- obligationRequirement to provide information(2) An air carrier or operator of an aviation reservation system must, in accordance with this Act and its regulations, provide any information that is referred to in the schedule to the Aeronautics Act and that is in their control concerning the persons who are on board or expected to be on board an aircraft for any flight.
(2) Le transporteur a(C)rien et l'exploitant de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens sont tenus de fournir, conform(C)ment la pr(C)sente loi et ses r¨glements, les renseignements dont ils disposent l'(C)gard des personnes qui sont ou seront vraisemblablement bord d'un a(C)ronef pour tout vol et qui figurent l'annexe de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
Obligation de fournir des renseignements7. The Minister may delegate his or her powers, duties and functions under this Act to any officer or employee, or any class of officers or employees, of the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness.
7. Le ministre peut d(C)l(C)guer les attributions qui lui sont conf(C)r(C)es sous le r(C)gime de la pr(C)sente loi un dirigeant ou un fonctionnaire, individuellement ou au titre de son appartenance telle cat(C)gorie de personnes, du minist¨re de la S(C)curit(C) publique et de la Protection civile.
8. (1) The Minister may establish a list on which is placed the given name, the surname, any known alias, the date of birth and the gender of any person who the Minister has reasonable grounds to suspect will
(a) engage or attempt to engage in an act that would threaten transportation security; or
(b) travel by air for the purpose of committing an act or omission that
(i) is an offence under section 83.18, 83.19 or 83.2 of the Criminal Code or an offence referred to in paragraph (c) of the definition ''terrorism offence'' in section 2 of that Act, or
(ii) if it were committed in Canada, would constitute an offence referred to in subparagraph (i).
8. (1) Le ministre peut (C)tablir une liste sur laquelle il inscrit les nom et pr(C)nom de toute personne '-- et tout nom d'emprunt qu'elle utilise, ainsi que sa date de naissance et son sexe '-- dont il a des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner qu'elle :
a) soit participera ou tentera de participer un acte qui menacerait la s>>ret(C) des transports;
b) soit se d(C)placera en a(C)ronef dans le but de commettre un fait '-- acte ou omission '-- qui :
(i) constitue une infraction vis(C)e aux articles 83.18, 83.19 ou 83.2 du Code criminel ou l'alin(C)a c) de la d(C)finition de infraction de terrorisme >> l'article 2 de cette loi,
(ii) s'il (C)tait commis au Canada, constituerait une des infractions mentionn(C)es au sous-alin(C)a (i).
(2) The Minister must review the list every 90 days to determine whether the grounds for which each person's name was added to the list under subsection (1) still exist and whether the person's name should remain on the list. The review does not affect the validity of the list.
(2) Tous les quatre-vingt-dix jours, le ministre examine la liste afin de d(C)terminer si les motifs sur lesquels il s'est bas(C) pour inscrire le nom de chaque personne en vertu du paragraphe (1) existent encore et si le nom de la personne devrait demeurer sur la liste. L'examen est sans effet sur la validit(C) de la liste.
Examen p(C)riodique de la liste(3) The Minister may at any time amend the list
(a) by deleting the name of a person and all information relating to them if the grounds for which their name was added to the list no longer exist; or
(b) by changing the information relating to a listed person.
(3) Le ministre peut en tout temps modifier la liste pour :
Modifications apport(C)es la listea) soit enlever le nom d'une personne de la liste ainsi que tout renseignement la visant, si les motifs pour lesquels le nom a (C)t(C) inscrit sur la liste n'existent plus;
b) soit modifier les renseignements visant une personne inscrite.
9. (1) The Minister may direct an air carrier to do anything that, in the Minister's opinion, is reasonable and necessary to prevent a listed person from engaging in any act set out in subsection 8(1) and may make directions respecting, in particular,
(a) the denial of transportation to a person; or
(b) the screening of a person before they enter a sterile area of an airport or board an aircraft.
9. (1) Le ministre peut enjoindre un transporteur a(C)rien de prendre toute mesure que le ministre estime raisonnable et n(C)cessaire en vue d'(C)viter qu'une personne inscrite commette les actes vis(C)s au paragraphe 8(1). Il peut en outre lui donner des directives relatives, notamment :
a) au refus de transporter une personne;
b) au contr´le dont une personne fait l'objet avant d'entrer dans une zone st(C)rile de l'a(C)roport ou de monter bord d'un a(C)ronef.
Exemption from Statutory Instruments Act(2) A direction made under subsection (1) is exempt from the application of the Statutory Instruments Act.
(2) Est soustraite l'application de la Loi sur les textes r(C)glementaires toute directive donn(C)e en vertu du paragraphe (1).
Loi sur les textes r(C)glementairesCOLLECTION AND DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION
COLLECTE ET COMMUNICATION DES RENSEIGNEMENTS
10. The following persons or entities may assist the Minister in the administration and enforcement of this Act, including by collecting information from, and disclosing information to, the Minister and each other:
(a) the Minister of Transport;
(b) the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration;
(c) a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or a civilian employee of that police force;
(d) the Director or an employee of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service;
(e) an officer or employee of the Canada Border Services Agency; and
(f) any other person or entity prescribed by regulation.
10. Les personnes et entit(C)s ci-apr¨s peuvent assister le ministre dans l'application et l'ex(C)cution de la pr(C)sente loi, notamment par la collecte de renseignements aupr¨s de lui ou de ces personnes ou entit(C)s et par la communication de renseignements celui-ci ou celles-ci :
a) le ministre des Transports;
b) le ministre de la Citoyennet(C) et de l'Immigration;
c) un membre de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada ou un membre du personnel civil de celle-ci;
d) le directeur ou un employ(C) du Service canadien du renseignement de s(C)curit(C);
e) un dirigeant ou un employ(C) de l'Agence des services frontaliers du Canada;
f) toute autre personne ou entit(C) r(C)glementaire.
11. Subject to section 12, the Minister may disclose information obtained in the exercise or performance of the Minister's powers, duties or functions under this Act for the purposes of transportation security or the prevention of the travel referred to in paragraph 8(1)(b).
11. Sous r(C)serve de l'article 12, le ministre peut communiquer des renseignements obtenus dans l'exercice des attributions qui lui sont conf(C)r(C)es au titre de la pr(C)sente loi si la communication a pour but d'assurer la s>>ret(C) des transports ou de pr(C)venir un d(C)placement vis(C) l'alin(C)a 8(1)b).
12. The Minister may enter into a written arrangement relating to the disclosure of information referred to in section 11 with the government of a foreign state, an institution of such a government or an international organization and may only disclose the list, in whole or in part, to the state, institution or organization in accordance with the arrangement.
12. Le ministre peut conclure une entente (C)crite portant sur la communication de renseignements vis(C)s l'article 11 avec le gouvernement d'un tat (C)tranger ou l'une de ses institutions, ou un organisme international; il ne peut communiquer tout ou partie de la liste cet tat (C)tranger, cette institution ou cet organisme international que conform(C)ment cette entente.
13. The Minister of Transport may, for the purposes of assisting the Minister in the administration and enforcement of this Act,
(a) disclose the list to air carriers and to operators of aviation reservation systems;
(b) collect from air carriers and operators of aviation reservation systems any information referred to in the schedule to the Aeronautics Act that is in their control and that relates to a listed person;
(c) disclose to air carriers any direction made by the Minister under section 9; and
(d) disclose information collected from air carriers and operators of aviation reservation systems to the Minister and to any other person or entity referred to in section 10.
13. Afin d'assister le ministre dans l'application et l'ex(C)cution de la pr(C)sente loi, le ministre des Transports peut :
a) communiquer la liste aux transporteurs a(C)riens et aux exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens;
b) recueillir aupr¨s des transporteurs a(C)riens et des exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens des renseignements vis(C)s l'annexe de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique qu'ils d(C)tiennent et qui portent sur une personne inscrite;
c) communiquer aux transporteurs a(C)riens toute directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9;
d) communiquer au ministre et toute autre personne ou entit(C) vis(C)e l'article 10 les renseignements recueillis aupr¨s des transporteurs a(C)riens et des exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens.
Canada Border Services Agency14. The Canada Border Services Agency may assist the Minister in the administration and enforcement of this Act, including
(a) by disclosing to the Minister and to any other person or entity referred to in section 10 information in respect of a listed person that is collected from air carriers and operators of aviation reservation systems; and
(b) by disclosing to air carriers and to operators of aviation reservation systems that the name of a passenger is the same as that of a listed person.
14. L'Agence des services frontaliers du Canada peut assister le ministre dans l'application et l'ex(C)cution de la pr(C)sente loi, notamment :
Agence des services frontaliers du Canadaa) communiquer au ministre et toute autre personne ou entit(C) vis(C)e l'article 10 les renseignements recueillis aupr¨s des transporteurs a(C)riens et des exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens portant sur les personnes inscrites;
b) communiquer aux transporteurs a(C)riens et aux exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens le fait que le nom d'un passager est le mªme que celui d'une personne inscrite.
15. (1) A listed person who has been denied transportation as a result of a direction made under section 9 may, within 60 days after the day on which they are denied transportation, apply in writing to the Minister to have their name removed from the list.
15. (1) La personne inscrite ayant fait l'objet d'un refus de transport la suite d'une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 peut, dans les soixante jours suivant le refus, demander par (C)crit au ministre que son nom soit radi(C) de la liste.
Exceptional circumstances(2) If the Minister is satisfied that there are exceptional circumstances that warrant it, the Minister may extend the time limit set out in subsection (1).
(2) Le ministre, s'il est convaincu qu'il existe des circonstances exceptionnelles le justifiant, peut prolonger le d(C)lai vis(C) au paragraphe (1).
(3) The Minister must afford the applicant a reasonable opportunity to make representations.
(3) Le ministre accorde au demandeur la possibilit(C) de faire des observations.
(4) On receipt of the application, the Minister must decide whether there are still reasonable grounds to maintain the applicant's name on the list.
(4) la r(C)ception de la demande, le ministre d(C)cide s'il existe encore des motifs raisonnables qui justifient l'inscription du nom du demandeur sur la liste.
Notice of decision to applicant(5) The Minister must give notice without delay to the applicant of any decision made in respect of the application.
(5) Le ministre donne sans d(C)lai au demandeur un avis de la d(C)cision qu'il a rendue relativement la demande.
Avis de la d(C)cision au demandeur(6) If the Minister does not make a decision in respect of the application within 90 days after the day on which the application is received, or within any further period that is agreed on by the Minister and the applicant, the Minister is deemed to have decided not to remove the applicant's name from the list.
(6) S'il ne rend pas sa d(C)cision dans les quatre-vingt-dix jours suivant la r(C)ception de la demande, ou dans tout autre d(C)lai suppl(C)mentaire convenu par le ministre et le demandeur, le ministre est r(C)put(C) avoir d(C)cid(C) de ne pas radier de la liste le nom du demandeur.
16. (1) This section applies in respect of any appeal of any direction made under section 9 and any decision made under section 8 or 15 by the Minister.
16. (1) Le pr(C)sent article s'applique toute demande d'appel d'une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 et d'une d(C)cision du ministre prise au titre des articles 8 ou 15.
D(C)cisions au titre de la pr(C)sente loi(2) A listed person who has been denied transportation as a result of a direction made under section 9 may appeal to a judge only after a decision referred to in section 15 is rendered and within 60 days after the earlier of
(a) the day on which the notice of the decision referred to in subsection 15(5) is received, and
(b) the day on which the Minister is deemed to have made a decision under subsection 15(6).
(2) La personne inscrite ayant fait l'objet d'un refus de transport la suite d'une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 peut pr(C)senter un juge une demande d'appel de la d(C)cision vis(C)e l'article 15 dans les soixante jours suivant :
a) soit la r(C)ception de l'avis vis(C) au paragraphe 15(5);
b) soit, si elle est ant(C)rieure, la date laquelle le ministre est r(C)put(C) avoir rendu sa d(C)cision en application du paragraphe 15(6).
(3) Despite subsection (2), a person may appeal within any further time that a judge may, before or after the end of those 60 days, fix or allow.
(3) Malgr(C) le paragraphe (2), une personne peut pr(C)senter une demande d'appel dans le d(C)lai suppl(C)mentaire qu'un juge peut, avant ou apr¨s l'expiration de ces soixante jours, fixer ou accorder.
(4) If an appeal is made, the judge must, without delay, determine whether the decision is reasonable on the basis of the information available to the judge.
(4) D¨s qu'il est saisi de la demande, le juge d(C)cide si la d(C)cision est raisonnable compte tenu de l'information dont il dispose.
(5) If the judge finds that a decision made under section 15 is unreasonable, the judge may order that the appellant's name be removed from the list.
(5) S'il conclut que la d(C)cision vis(C)e l'article 15 n'est pas raisonnable, le juge peut ordonner la radiation du nom de l'appelant de la liste.
(6) The following provisions apply to appeals under this section:
(a) at any time during a proceeding, the judge must, on the request of the Minister, hear information or other evidence in the absence of the public and of the appellant and their counsel if, in the judge's opinion, its disclosure could be injurious to national security or endanger the safety of any person;
(b) the judge must ensure the confidentiality of information and other evidence provided by the Minister if, in the judge's opinion, its disclosure would be injurious to national security or endanger the safety of any person;
(c) throughout the proceeding, the judge must ensure that the appellant is provided with a summary of information and other evidence that enables them to be reasonably informed of the Minister's case but that does not include anything that, in the judge's opinion, would be injurious to national security or endanger the safety of any person if disclosed;
(d) the judge must provide the appellant and the Minister with an opportunity to be heard;
(e) the judge may receive into evidence anything that, in the judge's opinion, is reliable and appropriate, even if it is inadmissible in a court of law, and may base a decision on that evidence;
(f) the judge may base a decision on information or other evidence even if a summary of that information or other evidence has not been provided to the appellant;
(g) if the judge determines that information or other evidence provided by the Minister is not relevant or if the Minister withdraws the information or evidence, the judge must not base a decision on that information or other evidence and must return it to the Minister; and
(h) the judge must ensure the confidentiality of all information or other evidence that the Minister withdraws.
(6) Les r¨gles ci-apr¨s s'appliquent aux appels vis(C)s au pr(C)sent article :
a) tout moment pendant l'instance et la demande du ministre, le juge doit tenir une audience huis clos et en l'absence de l'appelant et de son conseil dans le cas o¹ la divulgation des renseignements ou autres (C)l(C)ments de preuve en cause pourrait porter atteinte, selon lui, la s(C)curit(C) nationale ou la s(C)curit(C) d'autrui;
b) il lui incombe de garantir la confidentialit(C) des renseignements et autres (C)l(C)ments de preuve que lui fournit le ministre et dont la divulgation porterait atteinte, selon lui, la s(C)curit(C) nationale ou la s(C)curit(C) d'autrui;
c) il veille tout au long de l'instance ce que soit fourni l'appelant un r(C)sum(C) de la preuve qui ne comporte aucun (C)l(C)ment dont la divulgation porterait atteinte, selon lui, la s(C)curit(C) nationale ou la s(C)curit(C) d'autrui et qui permet l'appelant d'ªtre suffisamment inform(C) de la th¨se du ministre l'(C)gard de l'instance en cause;
d) il donne l'appelant et au ministre la possibilit(C) d'ªtre entendus;
e) il peut recevoir et admettre en preuve tout (C)l(C)ment '-- mªme inadmissible en justice '-- qu'il estime digne de foi et utile et peut fonder sa d(C)cision sur celui-ci;
f) il peut fonder sa d(C)cision sur des renseignements et autres (C)l(C)ments de preuve mªme si un r(C)sum(C) de ces derniers n'est pas fourni l'appelant;
g) s'il d(C)cide que les renseignements et autres (C)l(C)ments de preuve que lui fournit le ministre ne sont pas pertinents ou si le ministre les retire, il ne peut fonder sa d(C)cision sur ces renseignements ou ces (C)l(C)ments de preuve et il est tenu de les remettre au ministre;
h) il lui incombe de garantir la confidentialit(C) des renseignements et autres (C)l(C)ments de preuve que le ministre retire de l'instance.
Definition of ''judge''(7) In this section, ''judge'' means the Chief Justice of the Federal Court or a judge of that Court designated by the Chief Justice.
(7) Au pr(C)sent article, juge >> s'entend du juge en chef de la Cour f(C)d(C)rale ou du juge de cette juridiction d(C)sign(C) par celui-ci.
D(C)finition de juge >>Protection of information on appeal17. Section 16 applies to any appeal of a decision made under that section and to any further appeal, with any necessary modifications.
17. L'article 16 s'applique, avec les adaptations n(C)cessaires, l'appel de la d(C)cision rendue au titre de cet article et tout appel subs(C)quent.
Protection des renseignements l'appel18. Despite any other Act of Parliament, the Minister of Transport must destroy any information received from an air carrier or an operator of an aviation reservation system within seven days after the day on which it is received, unless it is reasonably required for the purposes of this Act.
18. Malgr(C) toute autre loi f(C)d(C)rale, le ministre des Transports d(C)truit dans les sept jours suivant leur obtention les renseignements re§us de tout transporteur a(C)rien ou exploitant de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens, sauf s'ils sont raisonnablement n(C)cessaires pour l'application de la pr(C)sente loi.
Destruction des renseignements19. For greater certainty, nothing in this Act limits or prohibits the collection, use or disclosure of any information if that collection, use or disclosure is otherwise lawful.
19. Il est entendu que la pr(C)sente loi ne porte aucunement atteinte la collecte, l'utilisation et la communication de renseignements par ailleurs licites.
20. (1) It is prohibited to disclose the list, except as required for the purposes of sections 10 to 14.
20. (1) Il est interdit de communiquer la liste, sauf pour l'application des articles 10 14.
(2) It is prohibited to disclose whether or not any individual is or was a listed person, except
(a) for the purposes of sections 10 to 16;
(b) as required to enforce any law of Canada or a province or to carry out a lawful activity;
(c) for the purpose of complying with a subpoena or document issued or order made by a court, person or body with jurisdiction to compel the production of information or for the purpose of complying with rules of court relating to the production of information; or
(d) in the case where an individual discloses that he or she is or was a listed person.
(2) Il est interdit de communiquer le fait qu'une personne est ou a (C)t(C) une personne inscrite, sauf dans les cas suivants :
Interdiction '-- g(C)n(C)rala) pour l'application des articles 10 16;
b) si cela est n(C)cessaire pour le respect des lois f(C)d(C)rales ou provinciales ou pour la tenue d'activit(C)s licites;
c) en conformit(C) avec un subpoena, un document ou une ordonnance d'un tribunal, d'une personne ou d'un organisme ayant le pouvoir de contraindre la production de renseignements ou avec des r¨gles de proc(C)dure se rapportant la production de renseignements;
d) si une personne communique le fait qu'elle-mªme est ou a (C)t(C) une personne inscrite.
Prohibition '-- air carriers(3) Despite subsection (2), it is prohibited for an air carrier or an operator of an aviation reservation system to disclose any information relating to a listed person, or whether or not any individual is or was a listed person, except
(a) for the purposes of sections 6, 13 and 30; or
(b) for the purpose of complying with a subpoena or document issued or order made by a court, person or body with jurisdiction to compel the production of information or for the purpose of complying with rules of court relating to the production of information.
(3) Malgr(C) le paragraphe (2), il est interdit tout transporteur a(C)rien et tout exploitant de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens de communiquer tout renseignement relatif une personne inscrite ou le fait qu'une personne est ou a (C)t(C) une personne inscrite, sauf :
Interdiction '-- transporteur a(C)riena) pour l'application des articles 6, 13 et 30;
b) en conformit(C) avec un subpoena, un document ou une ordonnance d'un tribunal, d'une personne ou d'un organisme ayant le pouvoir de contraindre la production de renseignements ou avec des r¨gles de proc(C)dure se rapportant la production de renseignements.
Prohibition '-- persons and goods21. (1) If a direction made under section 9 requires a person to be screened, that person must not enter or remain in an aircraft or sterile area unless the person permits a screening, or screenings, to be carried out as required by the direction, of
(a) their person; or
(b) the goods that the person intends to take or have placed on board the aircraft or, as the case may be, the goods that the person has taken or has had placed on board the aircraft or has taken into the sterile area.
21. (1) Il est interdit toute personne dont le contr´le est exig(C) par une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 de monter ou de demeurer bord d'un a(C)ronef ou de p(C)n(C)trer ou de demeurer dans une zone st(C)rile moins qu'elle ne consente aux contr´les exig(C)s par la directive :
Interdiction '-- personnes et biensa) soit de sa personne;
b) soit des biens qu'elle se propose d'emporter ou de placer bord de l'a(C)ronef ou, selon le cas, des biens qu'elle y a d(C)j emport(C)s ou plac(C)s ou qu'elle a emport(C)s l'int(C)rieur de la zone st(C)rile.
Prohibition '-- air carriers(2) If a direction made under section 9 requires a person to be screened, an air carrier must not transport that person unless they have been screened in accordance with the direction.
(2) Il est interdit aux transporteurs a(C)riens de transporter une personne sans qu'elle ait subi les contr´les exig(C)s par une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9.
Interdiction '-- transporteurs a(C)riens22. A person must not wilfully obstruct any person who is exercising or performing their powers, duties or functions under this Act.
22. Il est interdit d'entraver d(C)lib(C)r(C)ment l'action d'une personne exer§ant ses attributions au titre de la pr(C)sente loi.
23. (1) Every person who contravenes section 6, 20 or 21 or a direction made under section 9 or any provision of any regulation made under this Act is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
23. (1) Quiconque contrevient aux articles 6, 20 ou 21, une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 ou toute disposition d'un r¨glement pris en vertu de la pr(C)sente loi est coupable d'une infraction punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par proc(C)dure sommaire.
Contravention of section 22(2) Every person who contravenes section 22 is guilty of
(a) an indictable offence; or
(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.
(2) Quiconque contrevient l'article 22 est coupable d'une infraction punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) :
Contravention l'article 22a) soit par mise en accusation;
b) soit par proc(C)dure sommaire.
Punishment '-- individuals(3) An individual who is convicted of an indictable offence under subsection (2) is liable to a fine of not more than $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than one year, or to both.
(3) La personne physique d(C)clar(C)e coupable d'une infraction vis(C)e au paragraphe (2), punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par mise en accusation, encourt un emprisonnement maximal d'un an et une amende maximale de 5 000 $ ou l'une de ces peines.
Peines : personnes physiquesPunishment '-- corporations(4) A corporation that is convicted of an indictable offence under subsection (2) is liable to a fine of not more than $500,000.
(4) La personne morale d(C)clar(C)e coupable d'une infraction vis(C)e au paragraphe (2), punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par mise en accusation, encourt une amende maximale de 500 000 $.
Peines : personnes moralesImprisonment precluded in certain cases(5) If a person is convicted of an offence under this Act punishable on summary conviction, imprisonment must not be imposed as punishment for the offence or in default of payment of any fine imposed as punishment.
(5) La personne d(C)clar(C)e coupable d'une infraction la pr(C)sente loi ou ses r¨glements punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par proc(C)dure sommaire ne peut encourir d'emprisonnement pour cette infraction ni pour d(C)faut de paiement de l'amende impos(C)e.
Exclusion de l'emprisonnement(6) If a person is convicted of an offence under this Act and the fine that is imposed is not paid when required, on production in the superior court of any province, the conviction must be registered in the court and when registered has the same force and effect, and all proceedings may be taken on it, as if the conviction were a judgment in that court obtained by Her Majesty in right of Canada against the convicted person for a debt of the amount of the fine.
(6) Lorsqu'une personne d(C)clar(C)e coupable d'une infraction la pr(C)sente loi ou ses r¨glements ne paie pas l'amende dans le d(C)lai imparti, la d(C)claration de culpabilit(C), sur pr(C)sentation devant la juridiction sup(C)rieure, y est enregistr(C)e. D¨s lors, elle devient ex(C)cutoire, et toute proc(C)dure d'ex(C)cution peut ªtre engag(C)e, la condamnation (C)tant assimil(C)e un jugement de cette juridiction obtenu par Sa Majest(C) du chef du Canada contre la personne en cause pour une dette dont le montant (C)quivaut l'amende.
Recovery of costs and charges(7) All reasonable costs and charges attend- ant on the registration of the conviction are recoverable in the same manner as if they had been registered as part of the conviction.
(7) Tous les frais entra®n(C)s par l'enregistrement peuvent ªtre recouvr(C)s comme s'ils avaient (C)t(C) enregistr(C)s avec la d(C)claration de culpabilit(C).
24. A person is not to be found to have contravened a provision of this Act, other than section 22, or of its regulations, or a direction made under section 9, if the person exercised all due diligence to prevent the contravention.
24. Nul ne peut ªtre reconnu coupable d'avoir contrevenu la pr(C)sente loi '-- l'exception de l'article 22 '--, ses r¨glements ou une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9 s'il a pris toutes les pr(C)cautions voulues pour s'y conformer.
25. No proceedings by way of summary conviction under this Act are to be instituted after 12 months from the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arose.
25. Les poursuites visant une infraction la pr(C)sente loi ou ses r¨glements punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par proc(C)dure sommaire se prescrivent par douze mois compter de la perp(C)tration de l'infraction.
26. In any action or proceeding under this Act, any document purporting to be certified by the Minister or the Minister of Transport to be a true copy of a document made, given or issued under this Act is, without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document, evidence
(a) of the original document of which it purports to be a copy;
(b) of the fact that the original document was made, given or issued by or by the authority of or deposited with the person named in it and was made, given, issued or deposited at the time stated in the certified copy, if a time is stated in it; and
(c) of the fact that the original document was signed, certified, attested or executed by the persons and in the manner shown in the certified copy.
26. Dans toute action ou proc(C)dure engag(C)e au titre de la pr(C)sente loi et de ses r¨glements, le document cens(C) ªtre une copie, certifi(C)e conforme par le ministre ou le ministre des Transports, d'un document (C)tabli, donn(C) ou d(C)livr(C) en application de la pr(C)sente loi fait foi, sans qu'il soit n(C)cessaire de prouver l'authenticit(C) de la signature qui y est appos(C)e ou la qualit(C) officielle du signataire :
Authenticit(C) des documentsa) de l'authenticit(C) de l'original;
b) du fait que l'original a (C)t(C) (C)tabli, donn(C) ou d(C)livr(C) par la personne qui y est nomm(C)e, ou sous son autorit(C), ou d(C)pos(C) aupr¨s d'elle, la date (C)ventuellement indiqu(C)e dans la copie;
c) du fait que l'original a (C)t(C) sign(C), certifi(C), attest(C) ou pass(C) par les personnes et de la mani¨re indiqu(C)es dans la copie.
Document entries as proof27. In any action or proceeding under this Act, an entry in any record required under any provision of this Act or its regulations to be kept is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the matters stated in it as against the person who made the entry or was required to keep the record.
27. Dans toute action ou proc(C)dure engag(C)e au titre de la pr(C)sente loi ou de ses r¨glements, les inscriptions port(C)es aux registres dont cette loi ou ces r¨glements exigent la tenue font foi, sauf preuve contraire, de leur contenu contre l'auteur des inscriptions ou le responsable de la tenue des registres.
Powers to enter, seize and detain28. (1) The Minister of Transport may
(a) enter any place, including any aircraft, aerodrome or other aviation facility or any premises used by the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority, for the purposes of making inspections or audits relating to the verification of compliance with this Act, regardless of whether or not the inspection or audit relates to that place or to the person who possesses, occupies or controls it; and
(b) remove any document or other thing from the place where the inspection or audit is being carried out for examination or, in the case of a document, for copying.
28. (1) Le ministre des Transports peut :
Pouvoirs d'entr(C)e, de saisie et de r(C)tentiona) toute fin li(C)e la v(C)rification du respect de la pr(C)sente loi, entrer dans tout lieu aux fins d'inspection ou de v(C)rification '-- notamment monter bord d'un a(C)ronef, entrer dans un a(C)rodrome, dans des installations a(C)ronautiques ou dans tout lieu utilis(C) par l'Administration canadienne de la s>>ret(C) du transport a(C)rien '--, que l'inspection ou la v(C)rification porte ou non sur le lieu o¹ elle est effectu(C)e ou sur la personne qui en a la possession, l'occupe ou en est responsable;
b) emporter, pour examen ou, dans le cas d'un document, pour reproduction, tout document ou autre objet se trouvant dans le lieu.
Operation of computer systems and copying equipment(2) In carrying out an inspection or audit in any place referred to in paragraph (1)(a), the Minister of Transport may
(a) use or cause to be used any computer system or data processing system at the place to examine any data contained in, or available to, the system;
(b) reproduce any record, or cause it to be reproduced from the data, in the form of a printout or other intelligible output, and remove the printout or other output for examination or copying; and
(c) use or cause to be used any copying equipment at the place to make copies of any books, records, electronic data or other documents.
(2) Dans le cadre de la visite qu'il effectue en vertu de l'alin(C)a (1)a), le ministre des Transports peut :
Usage d'ordinateurs et de photocopieusesa) utiliser ou faire utiliser tout ordinateur ou syst¨me informatique se trouvant sur place pour prendre connaissance des donn(C)es qu'il contient ou auxquelles il donne acc¨s;
b) obtenir ces donn(C)es sous forme d'imprim(C) ou toute autre forme intelligible et les emporter aux fins d'examen ou de reproduction;
c) utiliser ou faire utiliser le mat(C)riel de reprographie se trouvant sur place pour faire des copies de tous livres, registres, donn(C)es (C)lectroniques et autres documents.
(3) Sections 487 to 492 of the Criminal Code apply in respect of any offence committed or suspected to have been committed under this Act.
(3) Les articles 487 492 du Code criminel s'appliquent aux infractions '-- pr(C)tendues ou commises '-- la pr(C)sente loi.
29. A person authorized by the Minister of Transport to verify compliance with the provisions of this Act or its regulations or with directions made under section 9 or to test the effectiveness of equipment, systems and processes used with respect to the list does not commit an offence if the person commits any act or omission that is required in the course of any such verification or testing and that would otherwise constitute a contravention of this Act or its regulations.
29. La personne autoris(C)e par le ministre des Transports v(C)rifier le respect des dispositions de la pr(C)sente loi et de ses r¨glements, des directives donn(C)es en vertu de l'article 9 ou l'efficacit(C) du mat(C)riel, des syst¨mes et proc(C)d(C)s utilis(C)s l'(C)gard de la liste peut, cette fin, sans se rendre coupable d'une infraction, commettre un acte ou une omission qui constitue une contravention la pr(C)sente loi ou ses r¨glements.
30. The owner or person who is in possession or control of a place that is inspected or audited under subsection 28(1) and every person who is found in the place must
(a) give the Minister of Transport all reasonable assistance to enable him or her to carry out the inspection or audit and exercise any power conferred on him or her under that subsection; and
(b) provide the Minister of Transport with any information that is reasonably required for the purpose of exercising or performing his or her powers, duties or functions under this Act.
30. Le propri(C)taire ou le responsable du lieu visit(C) en vertu du paragraphe 28(1), ainsi que toute personne qui s'y trouve, sont tenus :
Obligation d'assistancea) d'accorder au ministre des Transports toute l'assistance que celui-ci peut valablement exiger pour lui permettre d'exercer ses pouvoirs au titre de ce paragraphe;
b) de fournir au ministre des Transports les renseignements que celui-ci peut valablement exiger pour lui permettre d'exercer ses attributions au titre de la pr(C)sente loi.
31. (1) If the Minister of Transport is of the opinion that an air carrier has failed to comply with any provision of this Act or its regulations or with any direction made under section 9, that Minister may order any person to do, or to refrain from doing, anything that, in that Minister's opinion, is reasonable and necessary to do or refrain from doing in order to ensure compliance and may make orders respecting, in particular
(a) the movement of aircraft or persons at aerodromes or other aviation facilities; and
(b) the diversion of aircraft to alternate landing sites.
31. (1) S'il estime qu'un transporteur a(C)rien contrevient toute disposition de la pr(C)sente loi, ses r¨glements ou une directive donn(C)e en vertu de l'article 9, le ministre des Transports peut prendre des mesures enjoignant quiconque de faire ou de cesser de faire quoi que ce soit qui lui para®t raisonnable et n(C)cessaire en vue du respect de la pr(C)sente loi, de ses r¨glements ou des directives, notamment en ce qui concerne :
a) le d(C)placement des personnes ou le mouvement des a(C)ronefs dans les a(C)rodromes ou autres installations a(C)ronautiques;
b) le d(C)routement d'a(C)ronefs vers un lieu d'atterrissage d(C)termin(C).
Exemption from Statutory Instruments Act(2) An order made under subsection (1) is exempt from the application of the Statutory Instruments Act.
(2) Est soustraite l'application de la Loi sur les textes r(C)glementaires toute mesure prise en vertu du paragraphe (1).
Loi sur les textes r(C)glementaires32. The Governor in Council may make regulations for the purpose of the administration and enforcement of this Act, including regulations
(a) respecting the verification of air passenger identity;
(b) respecting the use and protection of directions made under section 9 and the use and protection of information provided by the Minister, the Minister of Transport or the Canada Border Services Agency to air carriers and to operators of aviation reservation systems;
(c) prohibiting an air carrier from transporting a passenger in circumstances in which the passenger does not resemble their identification; and
(d) prescribing anything that may be prescribed under this Act.
32. Le gouverneur en conseil peut prendre des r¨glements pour l'application et l'ex(C)cution de la pr(C)sente loi, notamment pour :
a) r(C)gir la v(C)rification de l'identit(C) des passagers a(C)riens;
b) r(C)gir l'utilisation et la protection des directives prises en vertu de l'article 9 ainsi que l'utilisation et la protection des renseignements fournis par le ministre, le ministre des Transports ou l'Agence des services frontaliers du Canada aux transporteurs a(C)riens et aux exploitants de syst¨mes de r(C)servation de services a(C)riens;
c) interdire un transporteur a(C)rien de transporter un passager dont l'apparence ne correspond pas son identification;
d) prendre toute mesure d'ordre r(C)glementaire pr(C)vue par la pr(C)sente loi.
33. Section 16 applies to any decision in respect of a listed person made before the day on which this Act comes into force
(a) by the Minister under paragraph 4.81(1)(b) of the Aeronautics Act following the transfer of the Minister of Transport's powers, duties and functions to the Minister by Order in Council P.C. 2011-34 of February 1, 2011, registered as SI/2011-10; or
(b) by the Minister of Transport under section 4.76 of the Aeronautics Act.
33. L'article 16 s'applique toute d(C)cision concernant une personne inscrite et prise avant l'entr(C)e en vigueur de la pr(C)sente loi :
a) soit par le ministre en vertu de l'alin(C)a 4.81(1)b) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique apr¨s que les attributions du ministre des Transports lui ont (C)t(C) transf(C)r(C)es par le d(C)cret C.P. 2011-34 du 1er f(C)vrier 2011, portant le num(C)ro d'enregistrement TR/2011-10;
b) soit par le ministre des Transports en vertu de l'article 4.76 de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique.
Modifications corr(C)latives
Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique
12. Paragraph 7.6(1)(a) of the Aeronautics Act is replaced by the following:
12. L'alin(C)a 7.6(1)a) de la Loi sur l'a(C)ronautique est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(a) designate any provision of this Part or of any regulation, notice, order or security measure made under this Part, or any provision of the Secure Air Travel Act or of any regulation or direction made under that Act, in this section and in sections 7.7 to 8.2 referred to as a ''designated provision'', as a provision the contravention of which may be dealt with under and in accordance with the procedure set out in sections 7.7 to 8.2;
a) d(C)signer toute disposition de la pr(C)sente partie ou de tout r¨glement, avis, arrªt(C) ou mesure de s>>ret(C) pris sous son r(C)gime, ou toute disposition de la Loi sur la s>>ret(C) des d(C)placements a(C)riens ou de tout r¨glement pris '-- ou toute directive donn(C)e '-- sous son r(C)gime, ci-apr¨s appel(C) au pr(C)sent article et aux articles 7.7 8.2 texte d(C)sign(C) >>, titre de disposition dont la transgression est trait(C)e conform(C)ment la proc(C)dure pr(C)vue ces articles;
Loi sur la preuve au Canada
13. The schedule to the Canada Evidence Act is amended by adding the following after item 3:
13. L'annexe de la Loi sur la preuve au Canada est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 3, de ce qui suit :
4. A judge of the Federal Court, for the purposes of section 16 of the Secure Air Travel Act
4. Un juge de la Cour f(C)d(C)rale, pour l'application de l'article 16 de la Loi sur la s>>ret(C) des d(C)placements a(C)riens
14. The provisions of this Part come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.
14. Les dispositions de la pr(C)sente partie entrent en vigueur la date ou aux dates fix(C)es par d(C)cret.
15. (1) Paragraph (f) of the definition ''Attorney General'' in section 2 of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
15. (1) L'alin(C)a f) de la d(C)finition de procureur g(C)n(C)ral >>, l'article 2 du Code criminel, est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(f) with respect to proceedings under section 83.13, 83.14, 83.222, 83.223, 83.28, 83.29 or 83.3, means either the Attorney General of Canada or the Attorney General or Solicitor General of the province in which those proceedings are taken and includes the lawful deputy of any of them, and
f) l'(C)gard des proc(C)dures vis(C)es aux articles 83.13, 83.14, 83.222, 83.223, 83.28, 83.29 ou 83.3, le procureur g(C)n(C)ral du Canada ou le procureur g(C)n(C)ral ou le solliciteur g(C)n(C)ral de la province o¹ ces proc(C)dures sont engag(C)es ou le substitut l(C)gitime de l'un ou l'autre;
(2) The definition ''justice system participant'' in section 2 of the Act is amended by striking out ''and'' at the end of paragraph (a), by adding ''and'' at the end of paragraph (b) and by adding the following after paragraph (b):
(2) La d(C)finition de personne associ(C)e au syst¨me judiciaire >>, l'article 2 de la mªme loi, est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a b), de ce qui suit :
(c) a person who plays a role in respect of proceedings involving
(i) security information,
(ii) criminal intelligence information,
(iii) information that would endanger the safety of any person if it were disclosed,
(iv) information that is obtained in confidence from a source in Canada, the government of a foreign state, an international organization of states or an institution of such a government or international organization, or
(v) potentially injurious information or sensitive information as those terms are defined in section 38 of the Canada Evidence Act;
c) toute personne qui joue un r´le dans le cadre d'une instance mettant en cause des renseignements en mati¨re de s(C)curit(C) ou de criminalit(C) ou des renseignements dont la divulgation porterait atteinte la s(C)curit(C) d'autrui ou qui sont obtenus, sous le sceau du secret, de source canadienne ou du gouvernement d'un tat (C)tranger, d'une organisation internationale mise sur pied par des tats ou de l'un de leurs organismes, ou encore des renseignements potentiellement pr(C)judiciables ou des renseignements sensibles au sens donn(C) ces expressions l'article 38 de la Loi sur la preuve au Canada.
16. The Act is amended by adding the following after section 83.22:
16. La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 83.22, de ce qui suit :
Advocating or promoting commission of terrorism offences83.221 (1) Every person who, by communicating statements, knowingly advocates or promotes the commission of terrorism offences in general '-- other than an offence under this section '-- while knowing that any of those offences will be committed or being reckless as to whether any of those offences may be committed, as a result of such communication, is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years.
83.221 (1) Est coupable d'un acte criminel et passible d'un emprisonnement maximal de cinq ans, quiconque, sciemment, par la communication de d(C)clarations, pr(C)conise ou fomente la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme en g(C)n(C)ral '-- exception faite de l'infraction vis(C)e au pr(C)sent article '--, sachant que la communication entra®nera la perp(C)tration de l'une de ces infractions ou sans se soucier du fait que la communication puisse ou non entra®ner la perp(C)tration de l'une de ces infractions.
Pr(C)coniser ou fomenter la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme(2) The following definitions apply in this section.
''communicat-ing'' communiquer >>''communicating'' has the same meaning as in subsection 319(7).
''statements'' d(C)clarations >>''statements'' has the same meaning as in subsection 319(7).
(2) Les d(C)finitions qui suivent s'appliquent au pr(C)sent article.
communiquer >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 319(7).
communiquer >>''communicat-ing'' d(C)clarations >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 319(7).
d(C)clarations >>''statements''83.222 (1) A judge who is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that any publication, copies of which are kept for sale or distribution in premises within the court's jurisdiction, is terrorist propaganda may issue a warrant authorizing seizure of the copies.
83.222 (1) Un juge convaincu, par une d(C)nonciation sous serment, qu'il y a des motifs raisonnables de croire qu'une publication, dont des exemplaires sont gard(C)s aux fins de vente ou de distribution dans un local du ressort du tribunal, constitue de la propagande terroriste, peut d(C)cerner un mandat autorisant la saisie des exemplaires.
(2) Within seven days after the day on which the warrant is issued, the judge shall issue a summons to the premises' occupier requiring the occupier to appear before the court and to show cause why the matter seized should not be forfeited to Her Majesty.
(2) Dans un d(C)lai de sept jours suivant la d(C)livrance du mandat, le juge adresse l'occupant du local une sommation lui ordonnant de compara®tre devant le tribunal et d'exposer les raisons pour lesquelles il estime que ce qui a (C)t(C) saisi ne devrait pas ªtre confisqu(C) au profit de Sa Majest(C).
Sommation l'occupantOwner and author may appear(3) The owner and the author of the matter seized and alleged to be terrorist propaganda may appear and be represented before the court in order to oppose the making of an order for the forfeiture of the matter.
(3) Le propri(C)taire ainsi que l'auteur de ce qui a (C)t(C) saisi et qui est pr(C)sum(C) constituer de la propagande terroriste peuvent compara®tre devant le tribunal et ªtre repr(C)sent(C)s pour s'opposer ce qu'une ordonnance de confiscation soit rendue.
Comparution du propri(C)taire et de l'auteur(4) If the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the publication is terrorist propaganda, it may make an order declaring that the matter be forfeited to Her Majesty, for disposal as the Attorney General may direct.
(4) Si le tribunal est convaincu, selon la pr(C)pond(C)rance des probabilit(C)s, que la publication constitue de la propagande terroriste, il peut rendre une ordonnance la d(C)clarant confisqu(C)e au profit de Sa Majest(C), pour qu'il en soit dispos(C) comme peut l'ordonner le procureur g(C)n(C)ral.
Ordonnance de confiscation(5) If the court is not satisfied that the publication is terrorist propaganda, it may order that the matter be restored to the person from whom it was seized without delay after the time for final appeal has expired.
(5) Si le tribunal n'est pas convaincu que la publication constitue de la propagande terroriste, il peut ordonner que ce qui a (C)t(C) saisi soit remis la personne entre les mains de laquelle cela a (C)t(C) saisi, d¨s l'expiration du d(C)lai imparti pour un appel final.
Remise de ce qui a (C)t(C) saisi(6) An appeal lies from an order made under subsection (4) or (5) by any person who appeared before the court, on any ground of appeal that involves a question of law or fact alone, or a question of mixed law and fact, as if it were an appeal against conviction or against a judgment or verdict of acquittal, as the case may be, on a question of law alone under Part XXI, and sections 673 to 696 apply with any modifications that the circumstances require.
(6) Il peut ªtre interjet(C) appel, par toute personne ayant comparu devant le tribunal, d'une ordonnance rendue aux termes des paragraphes (4) ou (5) pour tout motif d'appel impliquant soit une question de droit, soit une question de fait ou impliquant une question mixte de droit et de fait, comme s'il s'agissait d'un appel contre une d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) ou contre un jugement ou verdict d'acquittement, selon le cas, sur une question de droit seulement en vertu de la partie XXI, les articles 673 696 s'appliquant en cons(C)quence, avec les adaptations n(C)cessaires.
(7) No proceeding under this section shall be instituted without the Attorney General's consent.
(7) Il ne peut ªtre engag(C) de proc(C)dure en vertu du pr(C)sent article sans le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral.
(8) The following definitions apply in this section.
''court'' tribunal >>''court'' has the same meaning as in subsection 320(8).
''judge'' has the same meaning as in subsection 320(8).
''terrorist propaganda'' propagande terroriste >>''terrorist propaganda'' means any writing, sign, visible representation or audio recording that advocates or promotes the commission of terrorism offences in general '-- other than an offence under subsection 83.221(1) '-- or counsels the commission of a terrorism offence.
(8) Les d(C)finitions qui suivent s'appliquent au pr(C)sent article.
juge >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 320(8).
propagande terroriste >> Tout (C)crit, signe, repr(C)sentation visible ou enregistrement sonore qui pr(C)conise ou fomente la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme en g(C)n(C)ral '-- exception faite de l'infraction vis(C)e au paragraphe 83.221(1) '-- ou qui conseille la perp(C)tration d'une infraction de terrorisme.
propagande terroriste >>''terrorist propaganda'' tribunal >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 320(8).
tribunal >>''court''Order to computer system's custodian83.223 (1) If a judge is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that there is material '-- that is terrorist propaganda or data that makes terrorist propaganda available '-- stored on and made available to the public through a computer system that is within the court's jurisdiction, the judge may order the computer system's custodian to
(a) give an electronic copy of the material to the court;
(b) ensure that the material is no longer stored on and made available through the computer system; and
(c) provide the information that is necessary to identify and locate the person who posted the material.
83.223 (1) Le juge peut, s'il est convaincu par une d(C)nonciation sous serment qu'il y a des motifs raisonnables de croire qu'il existe une mati¨re '-- constituant de la propagande terroriste ou contenant des donn(C)es qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible '-- qui est emmagasin(C)e et rendue accessible au public au moyen d'un ordinateur situ(C) dans le ressort du tribunal, ordonner au gardien de l'ordinateur :
Ordonnance au gardien d'un ordinateura) de remettre une copie (C)lectronique de la mati¨re au tribunal;
b) de s'assurer que la mati¨re n'est plus emmagasin(C)e ni accessible au moyen de l'ordinateur;
c) de fournir les renseignements n(C)cessaires pour identifier et trouver la personne qui a affich(C) la mati¨re.
Notice to person who posted material(2) Within a reasonable time after receiving the information referred to in paragraph (1)(c), the judge shall cause notice to be given to the person who posted the material, giving that person the opportunity to appear and be represented before the court and to show cause why the material should not be deleted. If the person cannot be identified or located or does not reside in Canada, the judge may order the computer system's custodian to post the text of the notice at the location where the material was previously stored and made available, until the time set for the appearance.
(2) Dans un d(C)lai raisonnable suivant la r(C)ception des renseignements vis(C)s l'alin(C)a (1)c), le juge fait donner un avis la personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨re, donnant celle-ci l'occasion de compara®tre et d'ªtre repr(C)sent(C)e devant le tribunal et de pr(C)senter les raisons pour lesquelles la mati¨re ne devrait pas ªtre effac(C)e. Si la personne ne peut ªtre identifi(C)e ou trouv(C)e ou ne r(C)side pas au Canada, le juge peut ordonner au gardien de l'ordinateur d'afficher le texte de l'avis l'endroit o¹ la mati¨re (C)tait emmagasin(C)e et rendue accessible, jusqu' la date fix(C)e pour la comparution de la personne.
Avis la personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨rePerson who posted material may appear(3) The person who posted the material may appear and be represented before the court in order to oppose the making of an order under subsection (5).
(3) La personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨re peut compara®tre devant le tribunal et ªtre repr(C)sent(C)e pour s'opposer l'(C)tablissement d'une ordonnance en vertu du paragraphe (5).
Comparution de la personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨re(4) If the person who posted the material does not appear before the court, the court may proceed to hear and determine the proceedings in the absence of the person as fully and effectually as if the person had appeared.
(4) Si la personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨re ne compara®t pas, le tribunal peut statuer sur la proc(C)dure, en l'absence de cette personne, aussi compl¨tement et efficacement que si elle avait comparu.
Non-comparution de la personne ayant affich(C) la mati¨re(5) If the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the material is available to the public and is terrorist propaganda or data that makes terrorist propaganda available, it may order the computer system's custodian to delete the material.
(5) Si le tribunal est convaincu, selon la pr(C)pond(C)rance des probabilit(C)s, que la mati¨re est accessible au public et constitue de la propagande terroriste ou contient des donn(C)es qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible, il peut ordonner au gardien de l'ordinateur de l'effacer.
Destruction of electronic copy(6) When the court makes the order for the deletion of the material, it may order the destruction of the electronic copy in the court's possession.
(6) Au moment de rendre une ordonnance en vertu du paragraphe (5), le tribunal peut ordonner la destruction de la copie (C)lectronique en sa propre possession.
Destruction de la copie (C)lectronique(7) If the court is not satisfied that the material is available to the public and is terrorist propaganda or data that makes terrorist propaganda available, the court shall order that the electronic copy be returned to the computer system's custodian and terminate the order under paragraph (1)(b).
(7) Si le tribunal n'est pas convaincu que la mati¨re est accessible au public et constitue de la propagande terroriste ou contient des donn(C)es qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible, il ordonne que la copie (C)lectronique soit remise au gardien de l'ordinateur et met fin l'ordonnance vis(C)e l'alin(C)a (1)b).
(8) An appeal lies from an order made under subsection (5) or (6) by any person who appeared before the court, on any ground of appeal that involves a question of law or fact alone, or a question of mixed law and fact, as if it were an appeal against conviction or against a judgment or verdict of acquittal, as the case may be, on a question of law alone under Part XXI, and sections 673 to 696 apply with any modifications that the circumstances require.
(8) Il peut ªtre interjet(C) appel, par toute personne ayant comparu devant le tribunal, d'une ordonnance rendue aux termes des paragraphes (5) ou (6) pour tout motif d'appel impliquant soit une question de droit, soit une question de fait ou impliquant une question mixte de droit et de fait, comme s'il s'agissait d'un appel contre une d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) ou contre un jugement ou verdict d'acquittement, selon le cas, sur une question de droit seulement en vertu de la partie XXI, les articles 673 696 s'appliquant en cons(C)quence, avec les adaptations n(C)cessaires.
(9) No proceeding under this section shall be instituted without the Attorney General's consent.
(9) Il ne peut ªtre engag(C) de proc(C)dure en vertu du pr(C)sent article sans le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral.
(10) No order made under any of subsections (5) to (7) takes effect until the time for final appeal has expired.
(10) L'ordonnance rendue en vertu de l'un des paragraphes (5) (7) n'est pas en vigueur avant l'expiration de tous les d(C)lais d'appel.
(11) The following definitions apply in this section.
''computer system'' ordinateur >>''computer system'' has the same meaning as in subsection 342.1(2).
''court'' tribunal >>''court'' has the same meaning as in subsection 320(8).
''data'' has the same meaning as in subsection 342.1(2).
''judge'' has the same meaning as in subsection 320(8).
''terrorist propaganda'' propagande terroriste >>''terrorist propaganda'' has the same meaning as in subsection 83.222(8).
(11) Les d(C)finitions qui suivent s'appliquent au pr(C)sent article.
donn(C)es >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 342.1(2).
juge >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 320(8).
ordinateur >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 342.1(2).
ordinateur >>''computer system'' propagande terroriste >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 83.222(8).
propagande terroriste >>''terrorist propaganda'' tribunal >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 320(8).
tribunal >>''court''17. (1) Paragraphs 83.3(2)(a) and (b) of the Act are replaced by the following:
17. (1) Les alin(C)as 83.3(2)a) et b) de la mªme loi sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(a) believes on reasonable grounds that a terrorist activity may be carried out; and
(b) suspects on reasonable grounds that the imposition of a recognizance with conditions on a person, or the arrest of a person, is likely to prevent the carrying out of the terrorist activity.
a) il a des motifs raisonnables de croire la possibilit(C) qu'une activit(C) terroriste soit entreprise;
b) il a des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner que l'imposition, une personne, d'un engagement assorti de conditions ou son arrestation aura vraisemblablement pour effet d'empªcher que l'activit(C) terroriste ne soit entreprise.
(2) Subsection 83.3(4) of the Act is replaced by the following:
(2) Le paragraphe 83.3(4) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(4) Despite subsections (2) and (3), a peace officer may arrest a person without a warrant and cause the person to be detained in custody, in order to bring them before a provincial court judge in accordance with subsection (6), if
(a) either
(i) the grounds for laying an information referred to in paragraphs (2)(a) and (b) exist but, by reason of exigent circumstances, it would be impracticable to lay an information under subsection (2), or
(ii) an information has been laid under subsection (2) and a summons has been issued; and
(b) the peace officer suspects on reasonable grounds that the detention of the person in custody is likely to prevent a terrorist activity.
(4) Par d(C)rogation aux paragraphes (2) et (3), l'agent de la paix, s'il a des motifs raisonnables de soup§onner que la mise sous garde de la personne aura vraisemblablement pour effet de l'empªcher de se livrer une activit(C) terroriste, peut, sans mandat, arrªter la personne et la faire mettre sous garde en vue de la conduire devant un juge de la cour provinciale en conformit(C) avec le paragraphe (6) dans l'un ou l'autre des cas suivants :
a) l'urgence de la situation rend difficilement r(C)alisable le d(C)p´t d'une d(C)nonciation au titre du paragraphe (2) et les motifs vis(C)s aux alin(C)as (2)a) et b) sont r(C)unis;
b) une sommation a (C)t(C) d(C)cern(C)e par suite de la d(C)nonciation d(C)pos(C)e au titre du paragraphe (2).
(3) Section 83.3 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (7):
(3) L'article 83.3 de la mªme loi est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (7), de ce qui suit :
Adjournment under subparagraph (7)(b)(ii)(7.1) If a judge has adjourned the matter under subparagraph (7)(b)(ii) and the person remains in custody at the end of the period of adjournment, the person shall be taken before a provincial court judge who
(a) shall order that the person be released unless a peace officer shows cause why the person's detention in custody is justified on one or more of the grounds set out in clauses (7)(b)(i)(A) to (C) and satisfies the judge that the investigation in relation to which the person is detained is being conducted diligently and expeditiously; and
(b) may adjourn the matter for a hearing under subsection (8) but, if the person is not released under paragraph (a), the adjournment may not exceed 48 hours.
(7.1) Si le juge a ajourn(C) la comparution en vertu du sous-alin(C)a (7)b)(ii) et si, au terme de la p(C)riode d'ajournement, la personne est toujours sous garde, elle est conduite devant un juge de la cour provinciale et celui-ci :
Ajournement en vertu du sous-alin(C)a (7)b)(ii)a) ordonne que la personne soit mise en libert(C), sauf si un agent de la paix fait valoir que sa mise sous garde est justifi(C)e pour l'un des motifs (C)num(C)r(C)s aux divisions (7)b)(i)(A) (C) et convainc le juge que l'enquªte sur laquelle s'appuie sa mise sous garde est men(C)e de fa§on diligente;
b) peut ajourner la comparution pr(C)vue au paragraphe (8) mais, si la personne n'est pas mise en libert(C) au titre de l'alin(C)a a), l'ajournement ne peut exc(C)der quarante-huit heures.
Adjournment under paragraph (7.1)(b)(7.2) If a judge has adjourned the matter under paragraph (7.1)(b) and the person remains in custody at the end of the period of adjournment, the person shall be taken before a provincial court judge who
(a) shall order that the person be released unless a peace officer shows cause why the person's detention in custody is justified on one or more of the grounds set out in clauses (7)(b)(i)(A) to (C) and satisfies the judge that the investigation in relation to which the person is detained is being conducted diligently and expeditiously; and
(b) may adjourn the matter for a hearing under subsection (8) but, if the person is not released under paragraph (a), the adjournment may not exceed 48 hours.
(7.2) Si le juge a ajourn(C) la comparution en vertu de l'alin(C)a (7.1)b) et si, au terme de la p(C)riode d'ajournement, la personne est toujours sous garde, elle est conduite devant un juge de la cour provinciale et celui-ci :
Ajournement en vertu de l'alin(C)a (7.1)b)a) ordonne que la personne soit mise en libert(C), sauf si un agent de la paix fait valoir que sa mise sous garde est justifi(C)e pour l'un des motifs (C)num(C)r(C)s aux divisions (7)b)(i)(A) (C) et convainc le juge que l'enquªte sur laquelle s'appuie sa mise sous garde est men(C)e de fa§on diligente;
b) peut ajourner la comparution pr(C)vue au paragraphe (8) mais, si la personne n'est pas mise en libert(C) au titre de l'alin(C)a a), l'ajournement ne peut exc(C)der quarante-huit heures.
(4) Paragraphs 83.3(8)(a) and (b) of the Act are replaced by the following:
(4) Les alin(C)as 83.3(8)a) et b) de la mªme loi sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(a) may, if the judge is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the peace officer has reasonable grounds for the suspicion, order that the person enter into a recognizance, with or without sureties, to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months and to comply with any other reasonable conditions prescribed in the recognizance, including the conditions set out in subsections (10), (11.1) and (11.2), that the judge considers desirable for preventing the carrying out of a terrorist activity; and
(b) if the person was not released under subparagraph (7)(b)(i) or paragraph (7.1)(a) or (7.2)(a), shall order that the person be released, subject to the recognizance, if any, ordered under paragraph (a).
a) peut, s'il est convaincu par la preuve apport(C)e que les soup§ons de l'agent de la paix sont fond(C)s sur des motifs raisonnables, ordonner que la personne contracte l'engagement, avec ou sans caution, de ne pas troubler l'ordre public et d'observer une bonne conduite pour une p(C)riode maximale de douze mois, et se conforme aux autres conditions raisonnables (C)nonc(C)es dans l'engagement, y compris celles vis(C)es aux paragraphes (10), (11.1) et (11.2), que le juge estime souhaitables pour empªcher qu'une activit(C) terroriste ne soit entreprise;
b) si la personne n'a pas (C)t(C) mise en libert(C) au titre du sous-alin(C)a (7)b)(i) ou des alin(C)as (7.1)a) ou (7.2)a), ordonne qu'elle soit mise en libert(C), sous r(C)serve, le cas (C)ch(C)ant, de l'engagement impos(C) conform(C)ment l'alin(C)a a).
(5) Section 83.3 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (8):
(5) L'article 83.3 de la mªme loi est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (8), de ce qui suit :
(8.1) However, if the judge is also satisfied that the person was convicted previously of a terrorism offence, the judge may order that the person enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than two years.
(8.1) Toutefois, s'il est (C)galement convaincu que la personne a d(C)j (C)t(C) reconnue coupable d'une infraction de terrorisme, le juge peut lui ordonner de contracter l'engagement pour une p(C)riode maximale de deux ans.
(6) Subsection 83.3(12) of the Act is replaced by the following:
(6) Le paragraphe 83.3(12) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(11.1) The judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to prevent the carrying out of a terrorist activity, to include in the recognizance a condition that the person deposit, in the specified manner, any passport or other travel document issued in their name that is in their possession or control. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.
(11.1) Le juge doit d(C)cider s'il est souhaitable, pour empªcher qu'une activit(C) terro- riste ne soit entreprise, d'intimer la per- sonne de d(C)poser, de la mani¨re pr(C)cis(C)e dans l'engagement, tout passeport ou autre document de voyage (C)tabli son nom qui est en sa possession ou en son contr´le, et, dans l'affirmative, il doit assortir l'engagement d'une condition cet effet et y pr(C)voir la p(C)riode d'application de celle-ci.
Condition '-- specified geographic area(11.2) The judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to prevent the carrying out of a terrorist activity, to include in the recognizance a condition that the person remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the judge or any individual designated by the judge. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.
(11.2) Le juge doit d(C)cider s'il est souhaitable, pour empªcher qu'une activit(C) terroriste ne soit entreprise, d'intimer la personne de rester dans une r(C)gion d(C)sign(C)e, sauf permission (C)crite qu'il pourrait lui accorder ou qu'un individu qu'il d(C)signe pourrait lui accorder, et, dans l'affirmative, il doit assortir l'engagement d'une condition cet effet et y pr(C)voir la p(C)riode d'application de celle-ci.
Condition : r(C)gion d(C)sign(C)e(12) If the judge does not add a condition described in subsection (10), (11.1) or (11.2) to a recognizance, the judge shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding it.
(12) Le juge, s'il n'assortit pas l'ordonnance de la condition pr(C)vue aux paragraphes (10), (11.1) ou (11.2), est tenu d'en donner les motifs, qui sont consign(C)s au dossier de l'instance.
18. (1) Paragraph 83.31(2)(c) of the Act is replaced by the following:
18. (1) L'alin(C)a 83.31(2)c) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(c) the number of cases in which a person was not released under subsection 83.3(7), (7.1) or (7.2) pending a hearing;
c) le nombre de cas o¹ la personne n'a pas (C)t(C) en libert(C) au titre des paragraphes 83.3(7), (7.1) ou (7.2) en attendant sa comparution;
(2) Subparagraph 83.31(3)(b)(ii) of the Act is replaced by the following:
(2) Le sous-alin(C)a 83.31(3)b)(ii) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(ii) by a judge under paragraph 83.3(7)(a), (7.1)(a) or (7.2)(a).
(ii) par un juge au titre des alin(C)as 83.3(7)a), (7.1)a) ou (7.2)a).
19. Paragraph (a) of the definition ''offence'' in section 183 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subparagraph (xii.8):
19. L'alin(C)a a) de la d(C)finition de infraction >>, l'article 183 de la mªme loi, est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le sous-alin(C)a (xii.8), de ce qui suit :
(xii.81) subsection 83.221(1) (advocating or promoting commission of terrorism offences),
(xii.81) le paragraphe 83.221(1) (pr(C)coniser ou fomenter la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme),
20. Paragraphs 195(1)(a) and (b) of the Act are replaced by the following:
20. Les alin(C)as 195(1)a) et b) de la mªme loi sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(a) authorizations for which that Minister and agents specially designated in writing by that Minister for the purposes of section 185 applied and the interceptions made under those authorizations in the immediately preceding year;
(b) authorizations given under section 188 for which peace officers specially designated by that Minister for the purposes of that section applied and the interceptions made under those authorizations in the immediately preceding year; and
a) aux autorisations demand(C)es par lui-mªme et les mandataires qu'il a sp(C)cialement d(C)sign(C)s par (C)crit pour l'application de l'article 185 et aux interceptions faites en vertu de ces autorisations au cours de l'ann(C)e pr(C)c(C)dente;
b) aux autorisations donn(C)es en vertu de l'article 188 et demand(C)es par les agents de la paix qu'il a sp(C)cialement d(C)sign(C)s pour l'application de cet article et aux interceptions faites en vertu de ces autorisations au cours de l'ann(C)e pr(C)c(C)dente;
21. (1) Subsection 486(1) of the Act is replaced by the following:
21. (1) Le paragraphe 486(1) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
486. (1) Any proceedings against an accused shall be held in open court, but the presiding judge or justice may, on application of the prosecutor or a witness or on his or her own motion, order the exclusion of all or any members of the public from the court room for all or part of the proceedings, or order that the witness testify behind a screen or other device that would allow the witness not to be seen by members of the public, if the judge or justice is of the opinion that such an order is in the interest of public morals, the maintenance of order or the proper administration of justice or is necessary to prevent injury to international relations or national defence or national secu- rity.
486. (1) Les proc(C)dures dirig(C)es contre l'accus(C) ont lieu en audience publique, mais si le juge ou le juge de paix qui pr(C)side est d'avis qu'il est dans l'int(C)rªt de la moralit(C) publique, du maintien de l'ordre ou de la bonne administration de la justice ou que cela est n(C)cessaire pour (C)viter toute atteinte aux relations internationales ou la d(C)fense ou la s(C)curit(C) nationales, il peut, sur demande du poursuivant ou d'un t(C)moin ou de sa propre initiative, ordonner que soit exclu de la salle d'audience l'ensemble ou tout membre du public, pour tout ou partie de l'audience, ou que le t(C)moin t(C)moigne derri¨re un (C)cran ou un dispositif lui permettant de ne pas ªtre vu du public.
(1.1) The application may be made, during the proceedings, to the presiding judge or justice or, before the proceedings begin, to the judge or justice who will preside at the proceedings or, if that judge or justice has not been determined, to any judge or justice having jurisdiction in the judicial district where the proceedings will take place.
(1.1) La demande peut ªtre pr(C)sent(C)e soit au cours de l'instance au juge ou au juge de paix qui la pr(C)side, soit avant l'instance au juge ou au juge de paix qui la pr(C)sidera ou, si aucun de ceux-ci n'a (C)t(C) assign(C), un juge ou juge de paix comp(C)tent dans le district judiciaire o¹ l'instance se d(C)roulera.
(2) Section 486 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (3):
(2) L'article 486 de la mªme loi est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (3), de ce qui suit :
(4) No adverse inference may be drawn from the fact that an order is, or is not, made under this section.
(4) Le fait qu'une ordonnance vis(C)e au pr(C)sent article soit ou non rendue ne peut donner lieu des conclusions d(C)favorables.
22. The Act is amended by adding the following after section 486.6:
22. La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 486.6, de ce qui suit :
486.7 (1) In any proceedings against an accused, the presiding judge or justice may, on application of the prosecutor or a witness or on his or her own motion, make any order, other than one that may be made under any of sections 486 to 486.5, if the judge or justice is of the opinion that the order is necessary to protect the security of any witness and is otherwise in the interest of the proper administration of justice.
486.7 (1) Dans les proc(C)dures dirig(C)es contre l'accus(C), le juge ou le juge de paix qui pr(C)side peut, sur demande du poursuivant ou d'un t(C)moin ou de sa propre initiative, rendre toute ordonnance autre que celles vis(C)es aux articles 486 486.5 s'il est d'avis qu'elle est n(C)cessaire pour assurer la s(C)curit(C) d'un t(C)moin et qu'elle est, par ailleurs, dans l'int(C)rªt de la bonne administration de la justice.
(2) The application may be made, during the proceedings, to the presiding judge or justice or, before the proceedings begin, to the judge or justice who will preside at the proceedings or, if that judge or justice has not been determined, to any judge or justice having jurisdiction in the judicial district where the proceedings will take place.
(2) La demande peut ªtre pr(C)sent(C)e soit au cours de l'instance au juge ou au juge de paix qui la pr(C)side, soit avant l'instance au juge ou au juge de paix qui la pr(C)sidera ou, si aucun de ceux-ci n'a (C)t(C) assign(C), un juge ou juge de paix comp(C)tent dans le district judiciaire o¹ l'instance se d(C)roulera.
(3) In determining whether to make the order, the judge or justice shall consider
(a) the age of the witness;
(b) the witness's mental or physical disabilities, if any;
(c) the right to a fair and public hearing;
(d) the nature of the offence;
(e) whether the witness needs the order to protect them from intimidation or retaliation;
(f) whether the order is needed to protect the security of anyone known to the witness;
(g) society's interest in encouraging the reporting of offences and the participation of victims and witnesses in the criminal justice process;
(h) the importance of the witness's testimony to the case;
(i) whether effective alternatives to the making of the proposed order are available in the circumstances;
(j) the salutary and deleterious effects of the proposed order; and
(k) any other factor that the judge or justice considers relevant.
(3) Pour d(C)cider s'il doit rendre l'ordonnance, le juge ou le juge de paix prend en consid(C)ration les facteurs suivants :
a) l'ge du t(C)moin;
b) les d(C)ficiences physiques ou mentales du t(C)moin, le cas (C)ch(C)ant;
c) le droit un proc¨s public et (C)quitable;
d) la nature de l'infraction;
e) la n(C)cessit(C) de l'ordonnance pour prot(C)ger le t(C)moin contre l'intimidation et les repr(C)sailles;
f) la n(C)cessit(C) de l'ordonnance pour assurer la s(C)curit(C) d'une des connaissances du t(C)moin;
g) l'int(C)rªt de la soci(C)t(C) encourager la d(C)nonciation des infractions et la participation des victimes et des t(C)moins au processus de justice p(C)nale;
h) l'importance du t(C)moignage dans l'instance;
i) l'existence dans les circonstances d'autres moyens efficaces que celui de rendre l'ordonnance;
j) les effets b(C)n(C)fiques et pr(C)judiciables de l'ordonnance demand(C)e;
k) tout autre facteur qu'il estime pertinent.
(4) No adverse inference may be drawn from the fact that an order is, or is not, made under this section.
(4) Le fait qu'une ordonnance vis(C)e au pr(C)sent article soit ou non rendue ne peut donner lieu des conclusions d(C)favorables.
23. Paragraph (a.1) of the definition ''primary designated offence'' in section 487.04 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subparagraph (i.09):
23. L'alin(C)a a.1) de la d(C)finition de infraction primaire >>, l'article 487.04 de la mªme loi, est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le sous-alin(C)a (i.09), de ce qui suit :
(i.091) subsection 83.221(1) (advocating or promoting commission of terrorism offences),
(i.091) paragraphe 83.221(1) (pr(C)coniser ou fomenter la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme),
24. (1) Subsection 810.01(1) of the Act is replaced by the following:
24. (1) Le paragraphe 810.01(1) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
810.01 (1) A person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person will commit an offence under section 423.1 or a criminal organization offence may, with the Attorney General's consent, lay an information before a provincial court judge.
810.01 (1) Quiconque a des motifs raisonnables de craindre qu'une personne commette une infraction pr(C)vue l'article 423.1 ou une infraction d'organisation criminelle peut, avec le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral, d(C)poser une d(C)nonciation devant un juge d'une cour provinciale.
Crainte de certaines infractions(2) Section 810.01 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (7):
(2) L'article 810.01 de la mªme loi est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s le paragraphe (7), de ce qui suit :
Definition of ''Attorney General''(8) With respect to proceedings under this section, ''Attorney General'' means either the Attorney General of Canada or the Attorney General of the province in which those proceedings are taken and includes the lawful deputy of any of them.
(8) l'(C)gard des proc(C)dures vis(C)es au pr(C)sent article, procureur g(C)n(C)ral >> s'entend du procureur g(C)n(C)ral du Canada ou du procureur g(C)n(C)ral de la province o¹ ces proc(C)dures sont engag(C)es ou du substitut l(C)gitime de l'un ou l'autre.
D(C)finition de procureur g(C)n(C)ral >>25. (1) The Act is amended by adding the following after section 810.01:
25. (1) La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 810.01, de ce qui suit :
Fear of terrorism offence810.011 (1) A person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person may commit a terrorism offence may, with the Attorney General's consent, lay an information before a provincial court judge.
810.011 (1) Quiconque a des motifs raisonnables de craindre la possibilit(C) qu'une personne commette une infraction de terrorisme peut, avec le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral, d(C)poser une d(C)nonciation devant un juge d'une cour provinciale.
Crainte d'une infraction de terrorisme(2) The provincial court judge who receives an information under subsection (1) may cause the parties to appear before a provincial court judge.
(2) Le juge qui re§oit la d(C)nonciation peut faire compara®tre les parties devant un juge de la cour provinciale.
(3) If the provincial court judge before whom the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the informant has reasonable grounds for the fear, the judge may order that the defendant enter into a recognizance, with or without sureties, to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.
(3) Le juge devant lequel les parties comparaissent peut, s'il est convaincu, par la preuve apport(C)e, que les craintes du d(C)nonciateur sont fond(C)es sur des motifs raisonnables, ordonner que le d(C)fendeur contracte l'engagement, avec ou sans caution, de ne pas troubler l'ordre public et d'avoir une bonne conduite pour une p(C)riode maximale de douze mois.
(4) However, if the provincial court judge is also satisfied that the defendant was convicted previously of a terrorism offence, the judge may order that the defendant enter into the recognizance for a period of not more than five years.
(4) Toutefois, s'il est (C)galement convaincu que le d(C)fendeur a d(C)j (C)t(C) reconnu coupable d'une infraction de terrorisme, le juge peut lui ordonner de contracter l'engagement pour une p(C)riode maximale de cinq ans.
Refusal to enter into recognizance(5) The provincial court judge may commit the defendant to prison for a term of not more than 12 months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.
(5) Le juge peut infliger au d(C)fendeur qui omet ou refuse de contracter l'engagement une peine de prison maximale de douze mois.
Refus de contracter un engagementConditions in recognizance(6) The provincial court judge may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the judge considers desirable to secure the good conduct of the defendant, including conditions that require the defendant
(a) to participate in a treatment program;
(b) to wear an electronic monitoring device, if the Attorney General makes that request;
(c) to return to and remain at their place of residence at specified times; or
(d) to abstain from the consumption of drugs, except in accordance with a medical prescription, of alcohol or of any other intoxicating substance.
(6) S'il l'estime souhaitable pour garantir la bonne conduite du d(C)fendeur, le juge peut assortir l'engagement de conditions raisonnables lui intimant notamment :
Conditions de l'engagementa) de participer un programme de traitement;
b) de porter un dispositif de surveillance distance, si le procureur g(C)n(C)ral en fait la demande;
c) de regagner sa r(C)sidence et d'y rester aux moments pr(C)cis(C)s dans l'engagement;
d) de s'abstenir de consommer des drogues '-- sauf sur ordonnance m(C)dicale '--, de l'alcool ou d'autres substances intoxicantes.
(7) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the defendant's safety or that of any other person, to prohibit the defendant from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all of those things. If the judge decides that it is desirable to do so, the judge shall add that condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.
(7) Le juge doit d(C)cider s'il est souhaitable d'interdire au d(C)fendeur, pour sa s(C)curit(C) ou celle d'autrui, d'avoir en sa possession des armes feu, arbal¨tes, armes prohib(C)es, armes autorisation restreinte, dispositifs prohib(C)s, munitions, munitions prohib(C)es et substances explosives, ou l'un ou plusieurs de ces objets, et, dans l'affirmative, il doit assortir l'engagement d'une condition cet effet et y pr(C)ciser la p(C)riode d'application de celle-ci.
Conditions '-- armes feu(8) If the provincial court judge adds a condition described in subsection (7) to a recognizance, the judge shall specify in the recognizance how the things referred to in that subsection that are in the defendant's possession shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with and how the authorizations, licences and registration certificates that are held by the defendant shall be surrendered.
(8) Le cas (C)ch(C)ant, l'engagement pr(C)voit la fa§on de remettre, de d(C)tenir ou d'entreposer les objets vis(C)s au paragraphe (7) qui sont en la possession du d(C)fendeur, ou d'en disposer, et de remettre les autorisations, permis et certificats d'enregistrement dont celui-ci est titulaire.
(9) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to secure the good conduct of the defendant, to include in the recognizance a condition that the defendant deposit, in the specified manner, any passport or other travel document issued in their name that is in their possession or control. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.
(9) Le juge doit d(C)cider s'il est souhaitable, pour garantir la bonne conduite du d(C)fendeur, de lui intimer de d(C)poser, de la mani¨re pr(C)cis(C)e dans l'engagement, tout passeport ou autre document de voyage (C)tabli son nom qui est en sa possession ou en son contr´le et, dans l'affirmative, il doit assortir l'engagement d'une condition cet effet et y pr(C)voir la p(C)riode d'application de celle-ci.
Condition '-- specified geographic area(10) The provincial court judge shall consider whether it is desirable, to secure the good conduct of the defendant, to include in the recognizance a condition that the defendant remain within a specified geographic area unless written permission to leave that area is obtained from the judge or any individual designated by the judge. If the judge decides that it is desirable, the judge shall add the condition to the recognizance and specify the period during which it applies.
(10) Le juge doit d(C)cider s'il est souhaitable, pour garantir la bonne conduite du d(C)fendeur, de lui intimer de rester dans une r(C)gion d(C)sign(C)e, sauf permission (C)crite qu'il pourrait lui accorder ou qu'un individu qu'il d(C)signe pourrait lui accorder, et, dans l'affirmative, il doit assortir l'engagement d'une condition cet effet et y pr(C)voir la p(C)riode d'application de celle-ci.
Condition : r(C)gion d(C)sign(C)e(11) If the provincial court judge does not add a condition described in subsection (7), (9) or (10) to a recognizance, the judge shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding it.
(11) S'il n'assortit pas l'engagement de la condition pr(C)vue aux paragraphes (7), (9) ou (10), le juge est tenu de donner ses motifs, qui sont consign(C)s au dossier de l'instance.
(12) A provincial court judge may, on application of the informant, the Attorney General or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.
(12) Tout juge de la cour provinciale peut, sur demande du d(C)nonciateur, du procureur g(C)n(C)ral ou du d(C)fendeur, modifier les conditions fix(C)es dans l'engagement.
Modification des conditionsOther provisions to apply(13) Subsections 810(4) and (5) apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to recognizances made under this section.
(13) Les paragraphes 810(4) et (5) s'appliquent, avec les adaptations n(C)cessaires, aux engagements contract(C)s en vertu du pr(C)sent article.
Autres dispositions applicablesDefinition of ''Attorney General''(14) With respect to proceedings under this section, ''Attorney General'' means either the Attorney General of Canada or the Attorney General of the province in which those proceedings are taken and includes the lawful deputy of any of them.
(14) l'(C)gard des proc(C)dures vis(C)es au pr(C)sent article, procureur g(C)n(C)ral >> s'entend du procureur g(C)n(C)ral du Canada ou du procureur g(C)n(C)ral de la province o¹ ces proc(C)dures sont engag(C)es ou du substitut l(C)gitime de l'un ou l'autre.
D(C)finition de procureur g(C)n(C)ral >>(2) Subsection 810.011(6) of the Act is amended by striking out ''or'' at the end of paragraph (c) and by adding the following after paragraph (d):
(2) Le paragraphe 810.011(6) de la mªme loi est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a d), de ce qui suit :
(e) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation on the demand of a peace officer, a probation officer or someone designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(a) to make a demand, at the place and time and on the day specified by the person making the demand, if that person has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant has breached a condition of the recognizance that requires them to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance; or
(f) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation at regular intervals that are specified, in a notice in Form 51 served on the defendant, by a probation officer or a person designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(b) to specify them, if a condition of the recognizance requires the defendant to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.
e) de fournir des fins d'analyse un (C)chantillon d'une substance corporelle d(C)sign(C)e par r¨glement, la demande d'un agent de la paix, d'un agent de probation ou d'une personne d(C)sign(C)e en vertu de l'alin(C)a 810.3(2)a) pour faire la demande, aux date, heure et lieu pr(C)cis(C)s par l'agent ou la personne d(C)sign(C)e, si celui-ci a des motifs raisonnables de croire que le d(C)fendeur a enfreint une condition de l'engagement lui intimant de s'abstenir de consommer des drogues, de l'alcool ou d'autres substances intoxicantes;
f) de fournir des fins d'analyse un (C)chantillon d'une substance corporelle d(C)sign(C)e par r¨glement, intervalles r(C)guliers pr(C)cis(C)s, dans un avis r(C)dig(C) selon la formule 51 qui est signifi(C) au d(C)fendeur, par un agent de probation ou par une personne d(C)sign(C)e en vertu de l'alin(C)a 810.3(2)b) pour pr(C)ciser ceux-ci, si l'engagement est assorti d'une condition lui intimant de s'abstenir de consommer des drogues, de l'alcool ou d'autres substances intoxicantes.
26. The Act is amended by adding the following after section 810.2:
26. La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 810.2, de ce qui suit :
810.21 If a defendant is required to appear under any of sections 83.3 and 810 to 810.2, a provincial court judge may, on application of the prosecutor, order that the defendant appear by video conference if the judge is satisfied that it would serve the proper administration of justice, including by ensuring a fair and efficient hearing and enhancing access to justice.
810.21 Lorsqu'un d(C)fendeur est tenu de compara®tre au titre de l'un des articles 83.3 et 810 810.2, un juge d'une cour provinciale peut, la demande du poursuivant, ordonner au d(C)fendeur de compara®tre par vid(C)oconf(C)rence s'il est convaincu que cela servirait la bonne administration de la justice, notamment en assurant la tenue d'une audience (C)quitable et efficace et en am(C)liorant l'acc¨s la justice.
810.22 (1) If a person who is bound by an order under any of sections 83.3 and 810 to 810.2 becomes a resident of '-- or is charged with, convicted of or discharged under section 730 of an offence, including an offence under section 811, in '-- a territorial division other than the territorial division in which the order was made, on application of a peace officer or the Attorney General, a provincial court judge may, subject to subsection (2), transfer the order to a provincial court judge in that other territorial division and the order may then be dealt with and enforced by the provincial court judge to whom it is transferred in all respects as if that provincial court judge had made the order.
810.22 (1) Lorsqu'une personne soumise une ordonnance prise en vertu de l'un des articles 83.3 et 810 810.2 devient r(C)sidente d'une circonscription territoriale autre que celle o¹ l'ordonnance a (C)t(C) rendue, ou y est inculp(C)e ou d(C)clar(C)e coupable ou absoute en vertu de l'article 730 d'une infraction, y compris une infraction vis(C)e l'article 811, un juge d'une cour provinciale peut, sous r(C)serve du paragraphe (2), la demande d'un agent de la paix ou du procureur g(C)n(C)ral, transf(C)rer l'ordonnance un juge d'une cour provinciale de cette autre circonscription territoriale, lequel peut d¨s lors statuer sur l'ordonnance et l'appliquer tous (C)gards comme s'il l'avait rendue.
Transfert d'une ordonnanceAttorney General's consent(2) The transfer may be granted only with
(a) the consent of the Attorney General of the province in which the order was made, if the two territorial divisions are not in the same province; or
(b) the consent of the Attorney General of Canada, if the information that led to the issuance of the order was laid with the consent of the Attorney General of Canada.
(2) L'ordonnance ne peut ªtre transf(C)r(C)e :
Consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)rala) qu'avec le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral de la province o¹ elle a (C)t(C) rendue, si les deux circonscriptions territoriales ne sont pas situ(C)es dans la mªme province;
b) qu'avec le consentement du procureur g(C)n(C)ral du Canada, si la d(C)nonciation l'origine de l'ordonnance a (C)t(C) d(C)pos(C)e avec le consentement de celui-ci.
(3) If the judge who made the order or a judge to whom an order has been transferred is for any reason unable to act, the powers of that judge in relation to the order may be exercised by any other judge of the same court.
(3) Lorsque le juge qui a rendu l'ordonnance ou qui l'ordonnance a (C)t(C) transf(C)r(C)e est pour quelque raison dans l'incapacit(C) d'agir, les pouvoirs de ce juge concernant cette ordonnance peuvent ªtre exerc(C)s par tout autre juge du mªme tribunal.
Incapacit(C) d'agir du juge27. (1) The portion of section 811 of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by the following:
27. (1) Le passage de l'article 811 de la mªme loi pr(C)c(C)dant l'alin(C)a a) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
811. A person bound by a recognizance under any of sections 83.3 and 810 to 810.2 who commits a breach of the recognizance is guilty of
811. Quiconque viole l'engagement pr(C)vu l'un des articles 83.3 et 810 810.2 est coupable :
Manquement l'engagement(2) Paragraphs 811(a) and (b) of the Act are replaced by the following:
(2) Les alin(C)as 811a) et b) de la mªme loi sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than four years; or
(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months.
a) soit d'un acte criminel passible d'un emprisonnement maximal de quatre ans;
b) soit d'une infraction punissable sur d(C)claration de culpabilit(C) par proc(C)dure sommaire et passible d'un emprisonnement maximal de dix-huit mois.
Information '-- terrorism offence28. If an information has been laid under subsection 810.01(1) of the Criminal Code before the day on which this section comes into force by a person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person will commit a terrorism offence and a provincial court judge has not made a final determination with respect to the information, the information is deemed, on that day, to have been laid under subsection 810.011(1) of that Act.
28. Si, avant la date d'entr(C)e en vigueur du pr(C)sent article, une d(C)nonciation a (C)t(C) d(C)pos(C)e en vertu du paragraphe 810.01(1) du Code criminel par quiconque a des motifs raisonnables de craindre qu'une personne commettra une infraction de terrorisme et un juge de la cour provinciale n'a pas pris de d(C)cision d(C)finitive relativement la d(C)nonciation, la d(C)nonciation, cette date, est r(C)put(C)e avoir (C)t(C) d(C)pos(C)e en vertu du paragraphe 810.011(1) de cette loi.
D(C)nonciation '-- infraction de terrorismeModifications corr(C)latives
Prisons and Reformatories Act
Loi sur les prisons et les maisons de correction
29. The portion of the definition ''prisoner'' in subsection 2(1) of the Prisons and Reformatories Act after paragraph (b) is replaced by the following:
29. Le passage de la d(C)finition de prisonnier >>, au paragraphe 2(1) de la Loi sur les prisons et les maisons de correction, pr(C)c(C)dant l'alin(C)a a) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
who is confined in a prison pursuant to a sentence for an offence under a provision of an Act of Parliament or any of its regulations, or pursuant to a committal for failure or refusal to enter into a recognizance under any of sections 83.3 and 810 to 810.2 of the Criminal Code;
prisonnier >> Individu incarc(C)r(C) dans une prison soit par suite d'une condamnation pour infraction aux lois f(C)d(C)rales ou leurs r¨glements d'application, soit pour avoir omis ou refus(C) de contracter un engagement aux termes de l'un des articles 83.3 et 810 810.2 du Code criminel, l'exception :
Corrections and Conditional Release Act
Loi sur le syst¨me correctionnel et la mise en libert(C) sous condition
30. Section 1 of Schedule I to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act is amended by adding the following after paragraph (a.91):
30. L'article 1 de l'annexe I de la Loi sur le syst¨me correctionnel et la mise en libert(C) sous condition est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a a.91), de ce qui suit :
(a.92) subsection 83.221(1) (advocating or promoting commission of terrorism offences);
a.92) paragraphe 83.221(1) (pr(C)coniser ou fomenter la perp(C)tration d'infractions de terrorisme);
31. The Description of Goods of tariff item No. 9899.00.00 in the List of Tariff Provisions set out in the schedule to the Customs Tariff is amended by adding a reference to ''Writings, signs, visible representations or audio recordings that constitute terrorist propaganda within the meaning of subsection 83.222(8) of the Criminal Code;'' as a separate provision before the provision ''Posters and handbills depicting scenes of crime or violence; or''.
31. La d(C)nomination des marchandises du no tarifaire 9899.00.00 de la liste des dispositions tarifaires figurant l'annexe du Tarif des douanes est modifi(C)e par adjonction de Des (C)crits, signes, repr(C)sentations visibles ou enregistrements sonores qui constituent de la propagande terroriste au sens du paragraphe 83.222(8) du Code criminel; >> comme disposition distincte figurant avant la disposition Affiches et feuilles volantes repr(C)sentant des sc¨nes de crime ou de violence; >>.
Youth Criminal Justice Act
Loi sur le syst¨me de justice p(C)nale pour les adolescents
32. Subsection 14(2) of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is replaced by the following:
32. Le paragraphe 14(2) de la Loi sur le syst¨me de justice p(C)nale pour les adolescents est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(2) A youth justice court has jurisdiction to make orders against a young person under sections 83.3 (recognizance '-- terrorist activity),810 (recognizance '-- fear of injury or damage), 810.01 (recognizance '-- fear of certain offences), 810.011 (recognizance '-- fear of terrorism offence) and 810.2 (recognizance '-- fear of serious personal injury offence) of the Criminal Code. If the young person fails or refuses to enter into a recognizance referred to in any of those sections, the court may impose any one of the sanctions set out in subsection 42(2) (youth sentences) except that, in the case of an order under paragraph 42(2)(n) (custody and supervision order), it shall not exceed 30 days.
(2) Le tribunal a aussi comp(C)tence pour rendre l'(C)gard d'un adolescent l'ordonnance vis(C)e aux articles 83.3 (engagement '-- activit(C) terroriste), 810 (engagement '-- crainte de blessures ou dommages), 810.01 (engagement '-- crainte de certaines infractions),810.011 (engagement '-- crainte d'une infraction de terrorisme) ou 810.2 (engagement '-- crainte de s(C)vices graves la personne) du Code criminel; dans le cas o¹ l'adolescent omet ou refuse de contracter l'engagement pr(C)vu ces articles, le tribunal peut lui imposer une des sanctions pr(C)vues au paragraphe 42(2) (peines sp(C)cifiques), sauf que, si la sanction est impos(C)e en vertu de l'alin(C)a 42(2)n) (ordonnance de placement et de surveillance), celle-ci ne peut exc(C)der trente jours.
33. Paragraph 142(1)(a) of the Act is replaced by the following:
33. L'alin(C)a 142(1)a) de la mªme loi est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(a) in respect of an order under section 83.3 (recognizance '-- terrorist activity), 810 (recognizance '-- fear of injury or damage), 810.01 (recognizance '-- fear of certain offences), 810.011 (recognizance '-- fear of terrorism offence) or 810.2 (recognizance '-- fear of serious personal injury offence) of that Act or an offence under section 811 (breach of recognizance) of that Act;
a) aux ordonnances rendues en vertu des articles 83.3 (engagement '-- activit(C) terroriste), 810 (engagement '-- crainte de blessures ou dommages), 810.01 (engagement '-- crainte de certaines infractions), 810.011 (engagement '-- crainte d'une infraction de terrorisme) ou 810.2 (engagement '-- crainte de s(C)vices graves la personne) du Code criminel ou aux infractions pr(C)vues l'article 811 (manquement l'engagement) de cette loi;
Dispositions de coordination
34. (1) In this section, ''other Act'' means the Response to the Supreme Court of Canada Decision in R. v. Shoker Act.
34. (1) Au pr(C)sent article, autre loi >> s'entend de la Loi donnant suite la d(C)cision de la Cour suprªme du Canada dans l'affaire R. c. Shoker.
(2) On the first day on which both subsection 25(2) of this Act and section 11 of the other Act are in force,
(a) the portion of subsection 810.3(1) of the Criminal Code before paragraph (a) is replaced by the following:
(2) D¨s le premier jour o¹ le paragraphe 25(2) de la pr(C)sente loi et l'article 11 de l'autre loi sont tous deux en vigueur :
a) le passage du paragraphe 810.3(1) du Code criminel pr(C)c(C)dant l'alin(C)a a) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
Samples '-- designations and specifications810.3 (1) For the purposes of sections 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 and 810.2 and subject to the regulations, the Attorney General of a province or the minister of justice of a territory shall, with respect to the province or territory,
(b) paragraphs 810.3(2)(a) and (b) of the Criminal Code are replaced by the following:
810.3 (1) Pour l'application des articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 et 810.2 et sous r(C)serve des r¨glements, l'(C)gard d'une province ou d'un territoire donn(C), le procureur g(C)n(C)ral de la province ou le ministre de la justice du territoire :
chantillons : d(C)signations et pr(C)cisionsb) les alin(C)as 810.3(2)a) et b) du Code criminel sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(a) to make a demand for a sample of a bodily substance for the purposes of paragraphs 810(3.02)(b), 810.01(4.1)(f), 810.011(6)(e), 810.1(3.02)(h) and 810.2(4.1)(f); and
(b) to specify the regular intervals at which a defendant must provide a sample of a bodily substance for the purposes of paragraphs 810(3.02)(c), 810.01(4.1)(g), 810.011(6)(f), 810.1(3.02)(i) and 810.2(4.1)(g).
(c) subsections 810.3(3) and (4) of the Criminal Code are replaced by the following:
a) faire la demande d'(C)chantillons de substances corporelles pour l'application des alin(C)as 810(3.02)b), 810.01(4.1)f), 810.011(6)e), 810.1(3.02)h) ou 810.2(4.1)f);
b) pr(C)ciser les intervalles r(C)guliers auxquels le d(C)fendeur doit fournir les (C)chantillons de substances corporelles pour l'application des alin(C)as 810(3.02)c), 810.01(4.1)g), 810.011(6)f), 810.1(3.02)i) ou 810.2(4.1)g).
c) les paragraphes 810.3(3) et (4) du Code criminel sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(3) Samples of bodily substances referred to in sections 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 and 810.2 may not be taken, analyzed, stored, handled or destroyed, and the records of the results of the analysis of the samples may not be protected or destroyed, except in accordance with the designations and specifications made under subsection (1).
(3) Les (C)chantillons de substances corporelles vis(C)s aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 et 810.2 ne peuvent ªtre pr(C)lev(C)s, analys(C)s, entrepos(C)s, manipul(C)s ou d(C)truits qu'en conformit(C) avec les d(C)signations et les pr(C)cisions faites au titre du paragraphe (1). De mªme, les documents faisant (C)tat des r(C)sultats de l'analyse des (C)chantillons ne peuvent ªtre prot(C)g(C)s ou d(C)truits qu'en conformit(C) avec les d(C)signations et les pr(C)cisions faites au titre de ce paragraphe.
(4) The Attorney General of a province or the minister of justice of a territory, or a person authorized by the Attorney General or minister, shall cause all samples of bodily substances provided under a recognizance under section 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 or 810.2 to be destroyed within the period prescribed by regulation unless the samples are reasonably expected to be used as evidence in a proceeding for an offence under section 811.
(d) paragraph 810.3(5)(a) of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
(4) Le procureur g(C)n(C)ral d'une province ou le ministre de la justice d'un territoire, ou la personne autoris(C)e par l'un ou l'autre, fait d(C)truire, dans les d(C)lais pr(C)vus par r¨glement, les (C)chantillons de substances corporelles fournis en application d'un engagement pr(C)vu aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 ou 810.2, sauf s'il est raisonnable de s'attendre ce qu'ils soient utilis(C)s en preuve lors de poursuites intent(C)es l'(C)gard de l'infraction pr(C)vue l'article 811.
Destruction des (C)chantillonsd) l'alin(C)a 810.3(5)a) du Code criminel est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(a) prescribing bodily substances for the purposes of sections 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 and 810.2;
(e) subsection 810.3(6) of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
a) d(C)signer des substances corporelles pour l'application des articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 et 810.2;
e) le paragraphe 810.3(6) du Code criminel est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
Notice '-- samples at regular intervals(6) The notice referred to in paragraph 810(3.02)(c), 810.01(4.1)(g), 810.011(6)(f), 810.1(3.02)(i) or 810.2(4.1)(g) must specify the places and times at which and the days on which the defendant must provide samples of a bodily substance under a condition described in that paragraph. The first sample may not be taken earlier than 24 hours after the defendant is served with the notice, and subsequent samples must be taken at regular intervals of at least seven days.
(f) subsections 810.4(1) to (3) of the Criminal Code are replaced by the following:
(6) L'avis vis(C) aux alin(C)as 810(3.02)c), 810.01(4.1)g), 810.011(6)f), 810.1(3.02)i) ou 810.2(4.1)g) pr(C)cise les dates, heures et lieux o¹ le d(C)fendeur doit fournir les (C)chantillons de substances corporelles au titre de la condition pr(C)vue l'alin(C)a en cause. Le premier (C)chantillon ne peut ªtre pr(C)lev(C) moins de vingt-quatre heures apr¨s la signification de l'avis et les (C)chantillons subs(C)quents sont pr(C)lev(C)s intervalles r(C)guliers d'au moins sept jours.
Avis : (C)chantillons intervalles r(C)guliersf) les paragraphes 810.4(1) (3) du Code criminel sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
Prohibition on use of bodily substance810.4 (1) No person shall use a bodily substance provided under a recognizance under section 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 or 810.2 except for the purpose of determining whether a defendant is complying with a condition in the recognizance that they abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.
810.4 (1) Il est interdit d'utiliser les substances corporelles fournies en application d'un engagement pr(C)vu aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 ou 810.2, si ce n'est pour v(C)rifier le respect d'une condition de l'engagement intimant au d(C)fendeur de s'abstenir de consommer des drogues, de l'alcool ou d'autres substances intoxicantes.
Interdiction l'(C)gard de l'utilisation des substances corporellesProhibition on use or disclosure of result(2) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall use, disclose or allow the disclosure of the results of the analysis of a bodily substance provided under a recognizance under section 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 or 810.2.
(2) Sous r(C)serve du paragraphe (3), il est interdit d'utiliser ou de communiquer ou laisser communiquer les r(C)sultats de l'analyse de substances corporelles fournies en application d'un engagement pr(C)vu aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 ou 810.2.
Interdiction l'(C)gard de l'utilisation ou de la communication des r(C)sultats(3) The results of the analysis of a bodily substance provided under a recognizance under section 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 or 810.2 may be disclosed to the defendant to whom they relate, and may also be used or disclosed in the course of an investigation of, or in a proceeding for, an offence under section 811 or, if the results are made anonymous, for statistical or other research purposes.
(3) Les r(C)sultats de l'analyse de substances corporelles fournies en application d'un engagement pr(C)vu aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 ou 810.2 peuvent ªtre communiqu(C)s au d(C)fendeur en cause. Ils peuvent aussi ªtre utilis(C)s ou communiqu(C)s dans le cadre d'une enquªte relative l'infraction pr(C)vue l'article 811 ou lors de poursuites intent(C)es l'(C)gard d'une telle infraction, ou, s'ils sont d(C)personnalis(C)s, aux fins de recherche ou d'(C)tablissement de statistiques.
(3) On the first day on which both subsection 25(2) of this Act and section 12 of the other Act are in force, subsection 811.1(1) of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
(3) D¨s le premier jour o¹ le paragraphe 25(2) de la pr(C)sente loi et l'article 12 de l'autre loi sont tous deux en vigueur, le paragraphe 811.1(1) du Code criminel est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
Proof of certificate of analyst '-- bodily substance811.1 (1) In a prosecution for breach of a condition in a recognizance under section 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 or 810.2 that a defend- ant not consume drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance, a certificate purporting to be signed by an analyst that states that the analyst has analyzed a sample of a bodily substance and that states the result of the analysis is admissible in evidence and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof of the statements contained in the certificate without proof of the signature or official character of the person who appears to have signed the certificate.
811.1 (1) Dans toute poursuite pour manquement une condition d'un engagement pr(C)vu aux articles 810, 810.01, 810.011, 810.1 ou 810.2 intimant au d(C)fendeur de s'abstenir de consommer des drogues, de l'alcool ou d'autres substances intoxicantes, le certificat, paraissant sign(C) par l'analyste, d(C)clarant qu'il a analys(C) un (C)chantillon d'une substance corporelle et donnant ses r(C)sultats est admissible en preuve et, sauf preuve contraire, fait foi de son contenu sans qu'il soit n(C)cessaire de prouver l'authenticit(C) de la signature ou la qualit(C) officielle du signataire.
Preuve du certificat de l'analyste : substances corporelles(4) On the first day on which both subsection 25(2) of this Act and section 13 of the other Act are in force, the section references after the heading ''FORM 51'' in Form 51 in Part XXVIII of the Criminal Code are replaced by the following:
(4) D¨s le premier jour o¹ le paragraphe 25(2) de la pr(C)sente loi et l'article 13 de l'autre loi sont tous deux en vigueur, les renvois qui suivent le titre FORMULE 51 >>, la formule 51 de la partie XXVIII du Code criminel, sont remplac(C)s par ce qui suit :
(Paragraphs 732.1(3)(c.2), 742.3(2)(a.2), 810(3.02)(c), 810.01(4.1)(g), 810.011(6)(f), 810.1(3.02)(i) and 810.2(4.1)(g))
(alin(C)as 732.1(3)c.2), 742.3(2)a.2), 810(3.02)c), 810.01(4.1)g), 810.011(6)f), 810.1(3.02)i) et 810.2(4.1)g))
(5) If section 26 of this Act comes into force before section 11 of the other Act, then the portion of that section 11 before the section 810.3 that it enacts is replaced by the following:
(5) Si l'article 26 de la pr(C)sente loi entre en vigueur avant l'article 11 de l'autre loi, le passage de cet article 11 pr(C)c(C)dant l'article 810.3 qui y est (C)dict(C) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
11. The Act is amended by adding the following after section 810.22:
11. La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 810.22, de ce qui suit :
(6) If section 26 of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 11 of the other Act, then that section 11 is deemed to have come into force before that section 26.
(6) Si l'entr(C)e en vigueur de l'article 26 de la pr(C)sente loi et celle de l'article 11 de l'autre loi sont concomitantes, cet article 11 est r(C)put(C) ªtre entr(C) en vigueur avant cet article 26.
35. On the first day on which both section 16 of this Act and subsection 16(2) of the Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act are in force,
(a) the portion of subsection 83.223(1) of the Criminal Code before paragraph (a) is replaced by the following:
35. D¨s le premier jour o¹ l'article 16 de la pr(C)sente loi et le paragraphe 16(2) de la Loi sur la protection des Canadiens contre la cybercriminalit(C) sont tous deux en vigueur :
a) le passage du paragraphe 83.223(1) du Code criminel pr(C)c(C)dant l'alin(C)a a) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
Order to computer system's custodian83.223 (1) If a judge is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that there is material '-- that is terrorist propaganda or computer data that makes terrorist propaganda available '-- stored on and made available to the public through a computer system that is within the court's jurisdiction, the judge may order the computer system's custodian to
(b) subsection 83.223(5) of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
83.223 (1) Le juge peut, s'il est convaincu par une d(C)nonciation sous serment qu'il y a des motifs raisonnables de croire qu'il existe une mati¨re '-- constituant de la propagande terroriste ou contenant des donn(C)es informatiques qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible '-- qui est emmagasin(C)e et rendue accessible au public au moyen d'un ordinateur situ(C) dans le ressort du tribunal, ordonner au gardien de l'ordinateur :
Ordonnance au gardien d'un ordinateurb) le paragraphe 83.223(5) du Code criminel est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(5) If the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the material is available to the public and is terrorist propaganda or computer data that makes terrorist propaganda available, it may order the computer system's custodian to delete the material.
(c) subsection 83.223(7) of the Criminal Code is replaced by the following:
(5) Si le tribunal est convaincu, selon la pr(C)pond(C)rance des probabilit(C)s, que la mati¨re est accessible au public et constitue de la propagande terroriste ou contient des donn(C)es informatiques qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible, il peut ordonner au gardien de l'ordinateur de l'effacer.
c) le paragraphe 83.223(7) du Code criminel est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(7) If the court is not satisfied that the material is available to the public and is terrorist propaganda or computer data that makes terrorist propaganda available, the court shall order that the electronic copy be returned to the computer system's custodian and terminate the order under paragraph (1)(b).
(d) the definition ''data'' in subsection 83.223(11) of the Criminal Code is repealed;
(e) subsection 83.223(11) of the Criminal Code is amended by adding the following in alphabetical order:
(7) Si le tribunal n'est pas convaincu que la mati¨re est accessible au public et constitue de la propagande terroriste ou contient des donn(C)es informatiques qui rendent la propagande terroriste accessible, il ordonne que la copie (C)lectronique soit remise au gardien de l'ordinateur et met fin l'ordonnance vis(C)e l'alin(C)a (1)b).
d) la d(C)finition de donn(C)es >>, au paragraphe 83.223(11) du Code criminel, est abrog(C)e;
e) le paragraphe 83.223(11) du Code criminel est modifi(C) par adjonction, selon l'ordre alphab(C)tique, de ce qui suit :
''computer data'' donn(C)es informatiques >>''computer data'' has the same meaning as in subsection 342.1(2).
donn(C)es informatiques >> S'entend au sens du paragraphe 342.1(2).
donn(C)es informatiques >>''computer data''36. (1) Subsections (2) to (9) apply if Bill S-7, introduced in the 2nd session of the 41st Parliament and entitled the Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act (in this section referred to as the ''other Act''), receives royal assent.
36. (1) Les paragraphes (2) (9) s'appliquent en cas de sanction du projet de loi S-7, d(C)pos(C) au cours de la 2e session de la 41e l(C)gislature et intitul(C) Loi sur la tol(C)rance z(C)ro face aux pratiques culturelles barbares (appel(C) autre loi >> au pr(C)sent article).
(2) If subsection 25(1) of this Act comes into force before section 11 of the other Act, then the portion of that section 11 before the section 810.02 that it enacts is replaced by the following:
(2) Si le paragraphe 25(1) de la pr(C)sente loi entre en vigueur avant l'article 11 de l'autre loi, le passage de cet article 11 pr(C)c(C)dant l'article 810.02 qui y est (C)dict(C) est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
11. The Act is amended by adding the following after section 810.011:
11. La mªme loi est modifi(C)e par adjonction, apr¨s l'article 810.011, de ce qui suit :
(3) If subsection 25(1) of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 11 of the other Act, then that section 11 is deemed to have come into force before that subsection 25(1).
(3) Si l'entr(C)e en vigueur du paragraphe 25(1) de la pr(C)sente loi et celle de l'article 11 de l'autre loi sont concomitantes, cet article 11 est r(C)put(C) ªtre entr(C) en vigueur avant ce paragraphe 25(1).
(4) If subsection 27(1) of this Act comes into force before section 12 of the other Act, then that section 12 is repealed.
(4) Si le paragraphe 27(1) de la pr(C)sente loi entre en vigueur avant l'article 12 de l'autre loi, cet article 12 est abrog(C).
(5) If subsection 27(1) of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 12 of the other Act, then that section 12 is deemed to have come into force before that subsection 27(1).
(5) Si l'entr(C)e en vigueur du paragraphe 27(1) de la pr(C)sente loi et celle de l'article 12 de l'autre loi sont concomitantes, cet article 12 est r(C)put(C) ªtre entr(C) en vigueur avant ce paragraphe 27(1).
(6) If section 29 of this Act comes into force before section 13 of the other Act, then that section 13 is repealed.
(6) Si l'article 29 de la pr(C)sente loi entre en vigueur avant l'article 13 de l'autre loi, cet article 13 est abrog(C).
(7) If section 29 of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 13 of the other Act, then that section 13 is deemed to have come into force before that section 29.
(7) Si l'entr(C)e en vigueur de l'article 29 de la pr(C)sente loi et celle de l'article 13 de l'autre loi sont concomitantes, cet article 13 est r(C)put(C) ªtre entr(C) en vigueur avant cet article 29.
(8) On the first day on which both section 32 of this Act and section 14 of the other Act are in force, subsection 14(2) of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is replaced by the following:
(8) D¨s le premier jour o¹ l'article 32 de la pr(C)sente loi et l'article 14 de l'autre loi sont tous deux en vigueur, le paragraphe 14(2) de la Loi sur le syst¨me de justice p(C)nale pour les adolescents est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(2) A youth justice court has jurisdiction to make orders against a young person under sections 83.3 (recognizance '-- terrorist activity), 810 (recognizance '-- fear of injury or damage), 810.01 (recognizance '-- fear of certain offences), 810.011 (recognizance '-- fear of terrorism offence), 810.02 (recognizance '-- fear of forced marriage or marriage under age of 16 years) and 810.2 (recognizance '-- fear of serious personal injury offence) of the Criminal Code. If the young person fails or refuses to enter into a recognizance referred to in any of those sections, the court may impose any one of the sanctions set out in subsection 42(2) (youth sentences) except that, in the case of an order under paragraph 42(2)(n) (custody and supervision order), it shall not exceed 30 days.
(2) Le tribunal a aussi comp(C)tence pour rendre l'(C)gard d'un adolescent l'ordonnance vis(C)e aux articles 83.3 (engagement '-- activit(C) terroriste), 810 (engagement '-- crainte de blessures ou dommages), 810.01 (engagement '-- crainte de certaines infractions), 810.011 (engagement '-- crainte d'une infraction de terrorisme), 810.02 (engagement '-- crainte de mariage forc(C) ou de mariage de personnes de moins de seize ans) ou 810.2 (engagement '-- crainte de s(C)vices graves la personne) du Code criminel; dans le cas o¹ l'adolescent omet ou refuse de contracter l'engagement pr(C)vu ces articles, le tribunal peut lui imposer une des sanctions pr(C)vues au paragraphe 42(2) (peines sp(C)cifiques), sauf que, si la sanction est impos(C)e en vertu de l'alin(C)a 42(2)n) (ordonnance de placement et de surveillance), celle-ci ne peut exc(C)der trente jours.
(9) On the first day on which both section 33 of this Act and section 15 of the other Act are in force, paragraph 142(1)(a) of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is replaced by the following:
(9) D¨s le premier jour o¹ l'article 33 de la pr(C)sente loi et l'article 15 de l'autre loi sont tous deux en vigueur, l'alin(C)a 142(1)a) de la Loi sur le syst¨me de justice p(C)nale pour les adolescents est remplac(C) par ce qui suit :
(a) in respect of an order under section 83.3 (recognizance '-- terrorist activity), 810 (recognizance '-- fear of injury or damage), 810.01 (recognizance '-- fear of certain offences), 810.011 (recognizance '-- fear of terrorism offence), 810.02 (recognizance '-- fear of forced marriage or marriage under age of 16 years) or 810.2 (recognizance '-- fear of serious personal injury offence) of that Act or an offence under section 811 (breach of recognizance) of that Act;
a) aux ordonnances rendues en vertu des articles 83.3 (engagement '-- activit(C) terroriste), 810 (engagement '-- crainte de blessures ou dommages), 810.01 (enga- gement '-- crainte de certaines infractions), 810.011 (engagement '-- crainte d'une infraction de terrorisme), 810.02 (engagement '-- crainte de mariage forc(C) ou de mariage de personnes de moins de seize ans) ou 810.2 (engagement '-- crainte de s(C)vices graves la personne) du Code criminel ou aux infractions pr(C)vues l'article 811 (manquement l'engagement) de cette loi;
37. (1) Subsections (2) to (4) apply if Bill C-26, introduced in the 2nd session of the 41st Parliament and entitled the Tougher Penalties for Child Predators Act (in this section referred to as the ''other Act''), receives royal assent.
37. (1) Les paragraphes (2) (4) s'appliquent en cas de sanction du projet de loi C-26, d(C)pos(C) au cours de la 2e session de la 41e l(C)gislature et intitul(C) Loi sur le renforcement des peines pour les pr(C)dateurs d'enfants (appel(C) autre loi >> au pr(C)sent article).
(2) If subsection 27(2) of this Act comes into force before section 19 of the other Act, then that section 19 is repealed.
(2) Si le paragraphe 27(2) de la pr(C)sente loi entre en vigueur avant l'article 19 de l'autre loi, cet article 19 est abrog(C).
(3) If section 19 of the other Act comes into force before subsection 27(2) of this Act, then that subsection 27(2) is repealed.
(3) Si l'article 19 de l'autre loi entre en vigueur avant le paragraphe 27(2) de la pr(C)sente loi, ce paragraphe 27(2) est abrog(C).
(4) If subsection 27(2) of this Act comes into force on the same day as section 19 of the other Act, then that subsection 27(2) is deemed to have come into force before that section 19 and subsection (2) applies as a consequence.
(4) Si l'entr(C)e en vigueur du paragraphe 27(2) de la pr(C)sente loi et celle de l'article 19 de l'autre loi sont concomitantes, ce paragraphe 27(2) est r(C)put(C) ªtre entr(C) en vigueur avant cet article 19 et le paragraphe (2) s'applique en cons(C)quence.
38. (1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply if Bill C-32, introduced in the 2nd session of the 41st Parliament and entitled the Victims Bill of Rights Act (in this section referred to as the ''other Act''), receives royal assent.
38. (1) Les paragraphes (2) et (3) s'appliquent en cas de sanction du projet de loi C-32, d(C)pos(C) au cours de la 2e session de la 41e l(C)gislature et intitul(C) Loi sur la Charte des droits des victimes (appel(C) autre loi >> au pr(C)sent article).
(2) On the first day on which both this Act has received royal assent and section 15 of the other Act is in force, subsection 486.2(3) of the Criminal Code is amended by adding the following after paragraph (f):
(2) D¨s le premier jour o¹, la fois, la pr(C)sente loi est sanctionn(C)e et l'article 15 de l'autre loi est en vigueur, le paragraphe 486.2(3) du Code criminel est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a f), de ce qui suit :
(f.1) whether the order is needed to protect the witness's identity if they have had, have or will have responsibilities relating to national security or intelligence;
f.1) la n(C)cessit(C) de l'ordonnance pour prot(C)ger l'identit(C) du t(C)moin ayant eu, ayant ou qui aura des responsabilit(C)s li(C)es la s(C)curit(C) nationale ou au renseignement;
(3) On the first day on which both this Act has received royal assent and section 17 of the other Act is in force, subsection 486.31(3) of the Criminal Code is amended by adding the following after paragraph (e):
(3) D¨s le premier jour o¹, la fois, la pr(C)sente loi est sanctionn(C)e et l'article 17 de l'autre loi est en vigueur, le paragraphe 486.31(3) du Code criminel est modifi(C) par adjonction, apr¨s l'alin(C)a e), de ce qui suit :
(e.1) whether the order is needed to protect the witness's identity if they have had, have or will have responsibilities relating to national security or intelligence;
e.1) la n(C)cessit(C) de l'ordonnance pour prot(C)ger l'identit(C) du t(C)moin ayant eu, ayant ou qui aura des responsabilit(C)s li(C)es la s(C)curit(C) nationale ou au renseignement;
(This post is from our new blog: Unofficial Sources.)
Former House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers has formed a new pressure group, now active in Iowa and New Hampshire, to serve as the ''premiere national security and foreign policy organization during the 2016 debate'' and to ''help elect a president who supports American engagement and a strong foreign policy.''
Roger's group, Americans for Peace, Prosperity, and Security, is hosting candidate events and intends to host a candidate forum later this year. The organization does not disclose its donors. But a look at the business executives helping APPS steer presidential candidates towards more hawkish positions reveals that many are defense contractors who stand to gain financially from continued militarism:
Advisory Board Member John Coburn is chairman and CEO of VT Systems, a company that delivers communications technology for the Defense Department.Advisory Board Member Stephen Hadley is a principal at the consulting firm RiceHadleyGates and serves as a board member to defense contractor Raytheon, a position that pays him $228,007 in annual compensation.New Hampshire Board Member Rich Ashooh lists his employment as Director, Strategy at BAE Systems.New Hampshire Board Member James Bell is the chief executive of EPE Corporation, a manufacturing company that says it is a ''premier supplier to the defense community.''Advisory Board Member John Engler, the president of the Business Roundtable, a lobbying group for major corporations, including defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin, Boeing, United Technologies, Northrop Grumman.New Hampshire Board Member Ken Solinksy is founder of Insight Technologies, a night vision and electro-optical systems firm acquired by L-3 Communications.New Hampshire Chairman and Advisory Board Member Walt Havenstein is the former chief executive of BAE Systems and SAIC, two of the largest defense contractors in America. Havenstein, who left SAIC in 2012, was paid partially in company stock options.And blogger Joshua Huminski worked in 2013 as a spokesperson for Aegis Defense Services, a contractor that provided security services to U.S. facilities in Afghanistan. Aegis did not respond to a request asking if Huminski is still employed there.
As we first reported, Rogers may have a conflict of interest as well. Though he announced that he left Congress to pursue a career in talk radio, we found that the former Michigan congressman later admitted taking on jobs in consulting and in private equity. His office has refused to provide more information about those private sector gigs.
Watch a promo video fro APPS below:
Rogers told local media that his new group, which plans to be operational in South Carolina soon, will be closely engaged with the candidates, not only through public events, but also through private meetings with the APPS advisory board members. Just before kicking off her presidential campaign, GOP candidate Carly Fiorina appeared at an APPS forum in New Hampshire. In April, APPS-NH chairman Havenstein personally sponsored the First in the Nation kick-off event for the New Hampshire Republican Party.
The Issues portion of the APPS website is devoted to news articles featuring a range of threats to American national security. Explaining the goals of his group to a news outlet in Indiana, Rogers lamented the lack of ''surveillance capabilities'' and warned of increasing threat of cyber warfare.
Rogers and APPS did not respond to a request for comment.
''It's not unusual for the arms industry to use front groups to press for a more aggressive foreign policy,'' says William Hartung, director of the Arms & Security Project at the Center for International Policy.
''It sounds a lot more credible when a group called 'Americans for Peace, Prosperity and Security' calls for a policy shift than if the same argument comes out of the mouth of an arms executive or lobbyist whose livelihood is tied to the spread of tension and conflict,'' Hartung said.
Photo: John Moore/Getty Images
National Board | Americans for Prosperity, Peace, and Security
National Board | Americans for Prosperity, Peace, and SecuritySkip to contentIn order to ensure the right issues get in front of the candidates in the early presidential nominating states, APPS has assembled a stellar National Advisory Board of prominent national security and business leaders. These leaders know the international challenges certain to face the next American president on day one. The National Advisory Board will engage with APPS citizen activists on the ground, in early presidential nominating states, to raise the level of debate and push candidates beyond rhetoric and talking points.
Greg BrownChairman & CEO, Motorola Solutions
John CoburnChairman and CEO, VT Systems, Inc. Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Material Command.
John EnglerPresident, Business Roundtable. Former Governor, State of Michigan
Steve HadleyPrincipal, RiceHadleyGates, LLC. Former National Security Advisor to President George W. Bush
Walt HavensteinFormer CEO, BAE Systems, Inc. Former Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps.
Danielle PletkaSenior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute
The Honorable Heather WilsonPresident, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. Former Congresswoman, NM-01, former U.S. Air Force Officer
The goal of this effort is not the nomination or election of any particular candidate. Its purpose is to ensure that vital national security issues are a focus of this political process.
(C) Americans for Peace Prosperity and Security - All Rights Reserved.
Team | Americans for Prosperity, Peace, and Security
Team | Americans for Prosperity, Peace, and SecuritySkip to contentMike Rogers, Honorary ChairmanAs a former member of the U.S. Congress representing Michigan's Eighth Congressional District, member of the U.S. Army and FBI special agent, Mike Rogers is in a unique position to shape the national debate on a wide variety of issues. Mike currently uses his insider perspective gained from travelling the globe - from the Middle East to South America - to host the nationally-syndicated ''Something to Think About with Mike Rogers'' on Westwood One. From his time in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he chaired the powerful House Intelligence Committee and was a member of the Energy and Commerce panel, Mike built a legacy as a tireless and effective leader on cybersecurity, counterterrorism and national security policy. Washington Post columnist David Ignatius remarked, Mike was ''a rare example of bipartisanship.'' Mike has worked with two presidents, Congressional leadership, and countless foreign leaders, diplomats and intelligence professionals to ensure the brave men and women who fight for our nation are equipped with the resources necessary to get the job done. Mike is a CNN national security contributor and a regular in major print outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal and the Associated Press. He is a staple on radio and had more Sunday show appearances than any other elected official in 2013 and 2014. In addition, Mike is a Distinguished Fellow at the prestigious Hudson Institute and serves on the Board of Trustees at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress. Mike was a 1985 graduate of Adrian College. He is married to Kristi Rogers and has two children.
KEVIN MADDEN, NATIONAL ADVISORFormer senior advisor to and spokesman for Governor Mitt Romney's 2012 and 2008 presidential campaigns. Nationally recognized communications strategist.
MATT STRAWN, NATIONAL ADVISORFormer Republican Party of Iowa chairman. Des Moines Register top ten most influential Republicans in Iowa.
ANDY KEISER, PRESIDENTFormer Chief of Staff to Chairman Mike Rogers.
BOB HONOLD, STRATEGISTFormer senior staff member at the National Republican Congressional Committee.
PATRICK MCGLONE, VICE PRESIDENTFormer Senior Legislative Assistant to Chairman Mike Rogers.
MICHELLE THOMAS, BOARD OF DIRECTORSPresident of The James Franklin Group, LLC.
BOBBY SCHOSTAK, NATIONAL ADVISORFormer chairman, Michigan Republican Party
The goal of this effort is not the nomination or election of any particular candidate. Its purpose is to ensure that vital national security issues are a focus of this political process.
(C) Americans for Peace Prosperity and Security - All Rights Reserved.
At least four people have been killed in the crash of an Airbus A400M military plane near Spain's southern Seville airport during a training flight, the first fatal accident involving the new transport craft.
Andalusia's regional prefect Antonio Sanz, who heads the local administration, said a burnt body had been found in the wreckage, bringing the death toll to four from Saturday's crash.
Previously a spokeswoman for emergency services had said "there are at least three dead and two seriously injured."
She said the authorities were still trying to establish how many people had been on board when the plane crashed in a non-residential area around a mile north of Seville airport.
The airport was closed to traffic for about an hour.
Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said there had been "eight to 10 people on board."
Speaking on Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands, where he was attending a campaign meeting, Rajoy sent his condolences to the victims, Spanish news agencies reported.
Aviation sources confirmed the plane was one of Airbus' new A400M troop transporters, which are assembled at a factory in Seville.
Airbus Defence and Space, the Airbus division responsible for military aircraft, said the plane was destined for Turkey.
The group sent a team of experts to the crash scene.
If confirmed as an accident, it would be the first since the aircraft, which was fraught by development and delivery delays, went into service.
Airbus A400M military plane crashes during test flight in Spain, kills four | Reuters
SEVILLE, Spain An Airbus (AIR.PA) A400M military transport plane crashed in a field in Seville on Saturday, killing four of the six on board, a government official said, in the first accident involving Europe's newest troop and heavy cargo carrier.
The plane was on a test flight when it crashed one mile (1.6 km) north of Seville's San Pablo airport, emergency services said. Six people were on board; four died on impact and two others were seriously injured, a government spokeswoman said.
The plane crashed into an electricity pylon while attempting an emergency landing and caused a power cut in a nearby neighborhood, El Mundo newspaper said, citing an eyewitness.
An Airbus (AIR.PA) spokesman and a government spokeswoman declined to comment on the cause of the crash, a fresh blow to Europe's largest defense project which had to be bailed out by European governments in 2010 after delays and cost overruns.
Airbus said the transport plane, which is assembled in Seville, had been ordered by Turkey, and that the company had sent a team to the crash site.
Media images showed a plume of black smoke rising from the crash site and fire-fighters spraying the smoldering wreckage. Hardly anything was left of the plane, which left black scorched earth in its wake, a Reuters eyewitness said.
Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy earlier told reporters while on the campaign trail for local elections that it seemed all those on board were Spanish Airbus employees. He canceled his political rallies for the day.
The Spanish government has also sent a team to investigate the crash, a government source said. Web tracking data indicated that the aircraft had wheeled round to the left before crashing north of the airport.
A person familiar with the matter said the aircraft had been conducting its maiden flight as part of a pre-delivery schedule.
BUYER COMPLAINTS
The A400M Atlas was developed for Spain and six other European NATO nations - Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Turkey - at a cost of 20 billion euros ($22 billion), in Europe's largest joint defense project. It entered service in 2013 after a delay of more than three years.
Problems in delivering the planes on time, and with all the required military features on board, resurfaced last year, prompting criticism from buyers including Turkey as well as a management shake-up and more financial charges.
After a total of 4.75 billion euros of charges on its own balance sheet, Airbus hoped it was finally turning the corner, with an executive saying last week that it hoped soon to get a second export customer to add to Malaysia..
There was no immediate word on whether the accident would result in the halting of other test flights or A400M operations in existing operators Britain, France, Germany and Turkey.
Designed to put troops and heavy equipment into remote battlefields or carry out humanitarian missions, the aircraft was designed to fill a gap between the smaller Lockheed Martin (LMT.N) C-130 Hercules and the Boeing C-17 cargo jet, which is being discontinued.
It is powered by the West's largest turboprop engines, supplied by a consortium of Britain's Rolls-Royce (RR.L), France's Safran (SAF.PA), MTU Aero Engines of Germany (MTXGn.DE) and Spanish aerospace firm Industria de Turbo Propulsores (ITP).($1 = 0.8931 euros)
(Reporting by Jesus Aguado, Tamara Farinas and Sonya Dowsett; Additional reporting by Tim Hepher and Leigh Thomas; Writing by Sonya Dowsett; Editing by Louise Ireland and Raissa Kasolowsky)
The remains of Airbus A400M are seen after crashing in a field near the Andalusian capital of Seville May 9, 2015.
Reuters/Marcelo del Pozo
AirLive.net: BREAKING A military plane crashs at Sevilla on Coca-Cola factory
Video of firemen vehicles reaching A400M crash site near Seville airport20:35 Germany grounds Airbus A400M after Spain crash20:30 Britain's RAF suspends A400M flights after Spain crash 1952: Rajoy is asking a meeting with France and Germany.18:34 2 flight engineers are alive. All rest of the crew (four) are assumed dead but no confirmation.18:30 Flight data15:37 Spanish emergency services say 7 on crashed #A400M in Seville; 3 dead, 2 seriously injured, 2 unaccounted (@ReutersAero)15:35 The #A400M was for Turkish Airforce and crashed at 167 knots14:53 Here is the A400M trajectory.'-- AirLive.net (@airlivenet) May 9, 201514:27 Up to 10 people were thought to be on board.14:25 Spanish PM says crew died in #A400M military air crash near Seville airport.13:57 First pictures of the crash site at Seville.13:50 Video of the crash smoke from road.'-- Alejandro Ortega (@SickoSeven) 9 Mai 201513:43 Seven people may been on board.13:41 From information we got, the A400M dropped behind aeronautical area.13:38 Due to the crash, Sevilla airport os closed.'-- manuel galera (@manuelgalera2) May 9, 2015'-- Jesºs Moreno ' (@JesusMorenoFM) May 9, 2015'-- Controladores A(C)reos (@controladores) May 9, 2015
(This post is from our new blog: Unofficial Sources.)
Former Central Intelligence Director Porter Goss is taking an unusual swing through the revolving door: He recently registered to lobby for the government of Turkey, according to forms filed with the Justice Department.
Goss registered through his new employer, Dickstein Shapiro, which has a longstanding relationship with the Turkish government.
The disclosure shows Goss will advise Turkey on a variety of issues, including counter-terrorism efforts, lobby members of Congress on ''issues of importance to Turkey,'' and notify Turkey of actions in Congress or the Executive Branch.
During his time in the CIA, Goss declared, ''there is no viable alternative to freedom '' only freedom offers men and women the opportunity to reach their full potential.'' But the Turkish government under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan might seem like an odd choice for such a freedom advocate, certainly when it comes to press freedom. The regime has arrested dozens of journalists, has violently suppressed peaceful protests, and has censored social media.
And while Turkey has pledged to support the U.S.-backed alliance against the Islamic State, numerous reports and media accounts have indicated that money and arms for Islamist extremists, including ISIS, have flowed across the Turkish border into Syria and Iraq.
As I've previously reported, foreign governments in the Middle East have been on a shopping spree for American lobbyists, particularly former lawmakers and other senior members of the U.S. government.
The MITRE Corporation (stylized as MITRE) is an American not-for-profit organization based in Bedford, Massachusetts and McLean, Virginia. It manages Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) supporting the Department of Defense (DOD), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on behalf of the Federal Judiciary, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST).
History[edit]Under the leadership of C. W. Halligan, MITRE was formed in 1958 to provide overall direction to the companies and workers involved in the US Air ForceSAGE project. Most of the early employees were transferred to MITRE from the Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where SAGE was being developed. In April 1959, a site was purchased in Bedford, Massachusetts near Hanscom Air Force Base, to develop a new MITRE laboratory, which MITRE occupied in September 1959.[2]
After the SAGE project ended in the early 1960s, the FAA selected MITRE to develop a similar system to provide automated air traffic control. The result of the project formed the National Airspace System (NAS), that is still in use today. To support the NAS project and continual operations with the US Department of Defense at the Pentagon, MITRE opened a second "main office" in McLean, Virginia.
Through the 1960s, MITRE developed and supported military Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) projects, including the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). MITRE also worked on a number of projects with ARPA, including precursors to the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). Since the 1960s, MITRE has developed or supported most DoD early warning and communications projects, including the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) and the Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS).
During the 1980s, the German hacker Markus Hess used an un-secured MITRE Tymnet connection as an entry point for intrusions into US Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and NASA computer networks.[3]
On July 10, 1985, mitre.org was the first .orgdomain name registered, and it remains in use by the company today.[4]
On October 1, 1990, the FAA selected MITRE to operate its FFRDC, the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD).[5]
On January 29, 1996, MITRE divided into two entities: The MITRE Corporation, to focus on its FFRDCs for DoD and FAA; and a new company, named Mitretek Systems (now called Noblis), to assume non-FFRDC work for other US Government agencies.[6]
In July 1998, the Internal Revenue Service selected MITRE to manage its FFRDC, the Center for Enterprise Modernization (CEM).[7]
In 2005, a team from MITRE competed in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, and qualified in 23rd place for the final race.[8]
On March 6, 2009, the Department of Homeland Security selected MITRE to operate the Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute (HS SEDI).[9]
On December 2, 2010, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts selected MITRE to operate the Judiciary Engineering and Modernization Center (JEMC) FFRDC.[10]
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services selected MITRE to operate an FFRDC in October 2012.[11]
On September 24, 2014, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) selected MITRE to support the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE).[12]
Organization[edit]FFRDCs and research program[edit]MITRE is organized as follows:[13]
The National Security Engineering Center (NSEC) FFRDC is sponsored by the Department of Defense and focuses on national security issues.[14]The Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) FFRDC is sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration and focuses on air traffic management.[15]The Center for Enterprise Modernization (CEM) FFRDC supports enterprise modernization within the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of Veterans Affairs.[16]The Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute (HS SEDI) FFRDC supports the Department of Homeland Security and its mission partners to safeguard people in the United States against terrorist threats, aid the flow of legal commerce and immigration, and recover swiftly from natural disasters and other national emergencies.[17]The Judiciary Engineering and Modernization Center (JEMC) FFRDC supports the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on behalf of the federal judiciary.[18]The CMS Alliance to Modernize Healthcare FFRDC is sponsored by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).[19]National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) FFRDC sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Internal research and development explores new technologies and ways to apply existing tools and technologies.[20]Corporate governance[edit]Chief executive officers[edit]1958''1966: C.W. Halligan[7]1966''1969: Dr. John L. McLucas1969''1986: Robert R. Everett1986''1990: Charles A. Zraket[21]1990''1996: Barry M. Horowitz1996''2000: Victor A. DeMarines2000''2006: Martin C. Faga2006''present: Alfred GrassoBoard of Trustees[edit]Awards, honors, and accomplishments[edit]Over the years, MITRE has received awards for corporate achievements as well as for achievements of its scientists, researchers, and engineers.[23] A sampling includes
In 2015, Forbes Magazine named MITRE one of America's Best Employers.[24]In 2013, MITRE was named a 2013 CSO40 Award winner by the International Data Group's CSO Magazine. The CSO40 Awards recognize 40 organizations for security projects and initiatives that demonstrate outstanding business value and thought leadership.[25]In 2011 and 2012, InformationWeek named MITRE to its InformationWeek 500, an annual ranking of the nation's most innovative users of business technology.[26]In 2011, for the second time, MITRE's knowledge management successes have earned the corporation a North American Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) award, which recognizes organizations for exceptional knowledge management and knowledge sharing practices.[27]In June 2008, MITRE was presented with the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service for "significant contributions in communications, command and control decision-making, intelligence, cyberspace, and warfighter field support, as well as research and development."[28]In July 2008, MITRE was awarded the Air Force Association's Theodore Von Karman award for "the most outstanding contribution in the field of engineering and science."[29]In July 2008, MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), as part of an ADS-B team of 26 public and private sector groups, was selected for the 2007 Collier Trophy for its efforts in conceptualizing, developing, and implementing a fundamental, so-called "cornerstone capability" for the future of the national airspace system.MITRE has been included on annual lists of several magazines:Glassdoor.com has named MITRE one of the ''50 Best Places to Work'' for five consecutive years;[30]The Boston Globe has named MITRE to its ''Top Places to Work'' list for four years;[31]Fortune included MITRE in its "100 Best Companies to Work For" for ten consecutive years[32]Computerworld included MITRE in its "100 Best Places to Work in IT" list, for eight consecutive years.[33]MITRE employees have created more than 30 technologies available for licensing, generated more than 60 packages of downloadable software, and been granted more than 110 US patents.[34]
MITRE is a not-for-profit organization that operates research and development centers sponsored by the federal government.
We operate FFRDCs'--federally funded research and development centers'--which are unique organizations that assist the United States government with:
Scientific research and analysisDevelopment and acquisitionSystems engineering and integrationWe also have an independent research program that explores new and expanded uses of technologies to solve our sponsors' problems.
MITRE is chartered to work in the public interest. We have no commercial interests. We have no owners or shareholders, and we can't compete for anything except the right to operate FFRDCs. This lack of commercial conflicts of interest forms the basis for our objectivity. We also have the ability to acquire sensitive and proprietary information from the government and industry to inform our work. These organizations are able and willing to share data because they know we won't use it for a competitive advantage.
Moreover, because we operate multiple FFRDCs, we foster a culture of knowledge sharing. We apply what we learn from addressing one sponsor's challenges to similar issues faced by other federal agencies. This means when sponsors engage with us, they have access to all the minds of MITRE.
military, industry, and academia.--Our History | The MITRE Corporation
Advancing Science and Technology in the Public Interest'--From the Dawn of the Information Age to Today
MITRE's roots began in the computer laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during World War II. Throughout the 1940s and early 1950s, MIT's scientists developed the first large-scale digital computer, dubbed Whirlwind I. A group of engineers working at MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Division 6 continued to expand its capabilities. When the Air Force needed a framework on which to build an advanced air-defense system, it chose Whirlwind I.
In July 1958, the U.S. Congress chartered The MITRE Corporation as a private, not-for-profit corporation to provide engineering and technical guidance for the federal government'--with an initial focus on defense needs. Following the closure of Division 6, most of the research staff joined MITRE to support the Air Force's air-defense mission.
The new company took on the task of developing SAGE'--the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment pioneering continental air-defense system. SAGE's complexity demanded an organization that could reach across traditional boundaries among the military, industry, and academia.
Our role integrating SAGE's many elements established us as a leader in the new discipline of systems engineering. That was just the beginning.
In the decades since, we've earned an international reputation for technical excellence and innovation for military and civil agencies. The company and our employees have received many awards recognizing our achievements in aviation, defense, cybersecurity, and much more.
We're proud to have served the public interest for more than 50 years. We look forward to continuing to serve.
Amid nationwide protests calling for greater police accountability, Baltimore Police Commissioner Anthony Batts announced Tuesday that he had been named to President Barack Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing. His words quickly landed on websites and made news in the city.
"I'm excited and honored to have been selected to be a member of this Task Force," Batts said in a statement. "The work we are doing in Baltimore to rebuild public trust will be a tremendous benefit to me as we look to improve community relations nationwide."
But the announcement surprised officials at the Department of Justice and the White House. Although Obama announced the creation of the panel, only the co-chairs have been picked, said Kevin Lewis, a Justice Department spokesman.
"The task force hasn't been created." Lewis said.
A city police spokeswoman said Batts' announcement was the result of a misunderstanding. "There was confusion among everyone on the panel," Lt. Sarah Connolly said, referring to a meeting Batts attended Monday at the White House.
A statement released by the White House on Monday said the new task force will be chaired by Philadelphia Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey and Laurie Robinson, a former assistant attorney general who is a co-chair of the International Association of Chiefs of Police Research Advisory Committee. The statement did not name any other members.
The task force, which will include community leaders and law enforcement officials, will explore ways to build public trust and promote reductions in crime, the release said. Its report is scheduled to be completed in 90 days.
Batts attended Monday's meeting at the White House with other top police leaders and civil-rights organizers to discuss calls for more police accountability. Others at the meeting included Ronald Davis, director of the Justice Department's community policing office. Davis is leading a federal review of police brutality allegations in Baltimore.
At that event, Obama proposed using millions in federal funding to help pay for body cameras for 50,000 police officers across the country.
The president's announcement followed nationwide protests over a Ferguson, Mo., grand jury's decision to not indict Officer Darren Wilson in the fatal shooting of Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager. The case has stoked anger in many communities about police treatment of minorities.
The International Rescue Committee is a 501c (3) tax-exempt organization.
All donations to the IRC are tax-deductible.
View our IRS Determination Letter and current Form 990. (Archived Form 990: FY2012 l FY2011 )
Annual Report
In 2014, the IRC restored hope and opportunity for millions of conflict-affected people around the world. Read our latest annual report.
Financial StatementsFiscal Year 2014 Financial Statements
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Efficiency and Results The IRC is consistently awarded high marks by charity watchdog groups and respected publications for the efficient use of our financial support and the effectiveness of our work. Among these:
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Ukraine rebels release two US aid workers - Al Jazeera English
Zakharchenko, shown celebrating a Victory Day event, said one of the workers was a CIA agent and the other was "enlisted" [EPA]
Ukraine's separatists have released two American aid workers they detained for alleged spying, their leader says.
"We have freed two Americans that we arrested earlier. One of the two is a CIA agent, the other was enlisted," Alexander Zakharchenko told journalists on Saturday, without giving further details.
The two men are believed to have been working for the International Rescue Committee (IRC) NGO in east Ukraine.
IRC head David Miliband released a statement saying that two of the organisation's workers who had been detained by the rebels some 10 days ago were now in a safe location, the BBC reported.
"The two remaining staff members were let go Friday, May 8th. By all accounts, they are healthy, out of harm's way and eager to return to their loved ones," the former British foreign minister said in the statement.
The IRC said 37 of its workers were detained after separatists raided their offices in Donetsk on April 29.Of those held 30 were local hires while seven were from outside Ukraine.
Five of the detained foreign staff were immediately expelled, while the other two were held in captivity for more than a week.
Listening devices
"Every day, the world's humanitarian workers show great courage, taking risks to help the most vulnerable in crisis situations. They should never be targeted," Miliband said in the statement.
The IRC has now suspended its work in Ukraine, he said.
At the time of the raid, rebel commanders said that they had discovered listening devices in the organisation's office.
"This is the first diplomatic scandal for our republic. All the devices were seized and handed over to the American authorities," Zakharchenko said.
A spokesman for the US embassy in Kiev told the AFP news agency that they did not have any information on the release of the Americans.
The IRC said that its operations were aimed at supplying "food, medicine and psychosocial support" to thousands of Ukrainians.
More than 6,200 people have been killed since fighting broke out between the government of Ukraine and pro-Russian separatists just over a year ago.
The head of Russian gas producer Gazprom said on May 8 the firm had taken a decision to start building the Turkish Stream pipeline and that preparations to build the undersea stretch of the pipeline were under way.''Today, Gazprom moved to the construction stage of the sea part of the Turkish Stream pipeline,'' Gazprom chief executive Alexei Miller said, in an interview with Rossiya 24 television, as quoted by Reuters.
Gazprom began work on the Turkish Stream pipeline after it abruptly abandoned the South Stream project in December 2014, citing objections from Europe.
Meanwhile, the pipeline will become operational in December 2016, said Miller on May 7, as quoted by RIA Novosti.
''An agreement [between Russia and Turkey] has been reached on operational commissioning and gas deliveries via the Turkish Stream will start in December 2016,'' he said.
Gazprom's Miller met Turkish Minister Energy Minister Taner Yıldız in Ankara May 7, Gazprom said in a statement.
The agreement was signed by both Miller and Yıldız.
Gazprom announces deal with Ankara to build Black Sea pipelineJack Farchy in Moscow and Daniel Dombey in Istanbul
Gazprom says it has reached agreement with Ankara to build a ''Turkish Stream'' pipeline across the Black Sea, bringing the politically charged project one step nearer reality.
More:Gazprom announces deal with Ankara to build Black Sea pipeline - FT.com
Twenty-five years ago, before GPS and smartphones, Richard Schwadel and I co-wrote a book called "L.A. Shortcuts: The Guidebook for Drivers Who Hate to Wait," born out of a bet as to the fastest route to LAX. You could say we were the original Wazers. We had our 15 minutes of fame, made a little money and had an easy conversation starter at parties.
We also took a lot of flak from every homeowner's association and well-to-do neighborhood from Pacific Palisades to the Hollywood Hills, upset that the hoi polloi were passing in front of their properties to avoid traffic. And it wasn't very long before that flak turned into communities erecting "no left turn" signs on some of our favorite shortcuts.
Shortly after the book was published, I was late for a meeting and turned onto Outpost from Mulholland Drive to avoid the dreaded Cahuenga Pass parking lot, and I was pulled over by one of L.A.'s finest. When I asked him what I had done, he said that "two idiots had written a shortcut book" and that it was no longer legal to use Outpost to go into Hollywood during certain hours. I told him that I was one of those idiots. He laughed and let me off with a warning.
Though I dodged a ticket, that traffic stop raised serious questions. How was it possible that a public street maintained with my tax dollars was no longer available to me? I wasn't speeding. I wasn't intoxicated. I had a valid license. It wasn't my fault that homeowners didn't look at a simple map or check the traffic patterns before they bought a house. Who were these people who had persuaded the government to give their private interests priority? What shortcut did they take every morning to get to work on time?
And by the way, it wasn't like anybody with a house on Fountain or Willoughby Avenues was getting any traction on changing traffic patterns. I could still fly across town on those streets without getting pulled over.
A lot has changed in 2½ decades: The financial meltdown has vaporized the middle class, the notion of retirement has become a long-lost fantasy, and because of our love of fossil fuels, the ice sheets may soon turn your beachfront property into a water park. Traffic has gotten worse '-- and the traffic workarounds have gotten more sophisticated.
Waze, that brilliant smartphone app that uses input from millions of drivers to redirect you away from traffic trouble spots, is a quantum leap forward for those of us who want to keep our blood pressure down during the daily commute. I use it religiously.
But now, just like a quarter-century ago, homeowners are screaming "not in my backyard!" Or, more precisely, "not the street in front of my frontyard!" What's worse, Los Angeles City Council members are listening.
Last week, Councilman Paul Krekorian said in a news release that "many blame Waze and other mobile apps because they divert drivers from major avenues onto small residential streets that aren't designed to accommodate them, resulting in far greater congestion and traffic for residential neighborhoods."
Not designed to accommodate them? He means that larger streets have certain safety features, such as signal lights, which some residential streets may lack. Fair enough. But can someone please show me a single street in Los Angeles adequately designed to accommodate the city's traffic?
Krekorian introduced a motion to "reduce the impact of cut-through traffic that results from use of Waze," and suggested that the app company could control traffic by regulating "the number of added daily trips" for some streets.
As Curbed Los Angeles put it, it sounds like Krekorian "wants the app to stop doing what it does." He's gunning at the very heart of Waze's programming ingenuity, proposing to meddle with a private company's software. Instead of "no left turn" signs, an algorithmic tweak would make left turns invisible.
Krekorian and other Waze critics '-- like the Brentwood woman who told the Associated Press recently that "the streets on the Westside are no longer a secret for locals, and people are angry" '-- should realize that the streets were never a secret meant for a select few and have been listed on maps at least since Wyatt Earp died here in 1929. Instead of blaming Waze, they should redirect their sense of entitlement to demand better mass-transit options that would reduce traffic for everyone.
As far as I'm concerned, as long you're not speeding, drunk or under the age of 16, you should be able to drive any street you want at any time of day. The pitchforks and torches should come out and every citizen should tear down those protective traffic signs and have a big bonfire in front of City Hall.
And as long as I'm fantasizing, the creators of Waze shouldn't be vilified but should get a Nobel Peace Prize for spreading traffic around, reducing carbon emissions and maintaining the sanity of drivers all over the world.
If you're really that upset over the public service that Waze provides, spend a few thousand more dollars and do what I did: Buy a house on a cul-de-sac. Drivers on those streets are few and far between, and either lost or looking for a dog that bolted over the back fence.
Brian K. Roberts is a producer/director and writer who now commutes between Los Angeles and Toronto.
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If a friend told you that we were all living in a giant hologram, you'd probably tell him to lay off the kush. But incredibly, physicists across the world are thinking the same thing: That what we perceive to be a three-dimensional universe might just be the image of a two-dimensional one, projected across a massive cosmic horizon.
Yes, it sounds more than a little insane. The 3D nature of our world is as fundamental to our sense of reality as the fact that time runs forward. And yet some researchers believe that contradictions between Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics might be reconciled if every three-dimensional object we know and cherish is a projection of tiny, subatomic bytes of information stored in a two-dimensional Flatland.
''If this is true, it's a really important insight,'' Daniel Grumiller, a theoretical physicist at the Vienna University of Technology, told me over the phone. Grumiller, along with physicists Max Riegler, Arjun Bagchi and Rudranil Basu, recently published the very first study offering evidence that the so-called ''holographic principle'''--that certain 3D spaces can be mathematically reduced to 2D projections'--might describe our universe.
''If you asked anyone twenty years ago how many dimensions our world has, most of us would answer 'three spatial dimensions plus time,'" he said. "The holographic principle would mean that this is actually a matter of perspective.''
The holographic principle was first postulated over 20 years ago as a possible solution to Stephen Hawking's famous ''information paradox.'' (The paradox is essentially that black holes appear to swallow information, which, according to quantum theory, is impossible.) But while the principle was never mathematically formalized for black holes, theoretical physicist Juan Maldacena demonstrated several years later that holography did indeed hold for a theoretical type of space called anti-de Sitter space. Unlike the space in our universe, which is relatively flat on cosmic scales, anti-de Sitter space as described by mathematicians curves inward like a saddle.
If this depiction of space is correct, then like any computer, there is an inherent limit to the universe's data storage and processing capacity.''Anti-de Sitter space is not directly relevant to our universe, but it allows us to perform calculations that would otherwise be very difficult if not impossible,'' Grumiller said.
Within this theoretical space, Maldacena showed that two sets of physical equations mapped perfectly onto each other: The equations of gravitational theory, and those of quantum field theory. This correspondence was totally unexpected, because while gravity is described in three spatial dimensions, quantum field theory requires only two. That the laws of physics produced identical results two or three dimensions pointed to anti-de Sitter-space's holographic nature.
''This was the first instance where somebody explicitly showed how holography works,'' Grumiller told me. ''But given that our universe is not anti-de Sitter space'--it's approximately flat at large scales'--it's interesting to ask whether the holographic principle applies to flat space, as well.''
Depiction of anti-de Sitter space. Image: Wikimedia
To demonstrate that our universe can indeed be seen as a hologram, physical quantities would have to be calculated using both quantum field theory and gravitational theory in ''flat'' space, and the results would have to match. Grumiller decided to see whether one key feature of quantum mechanics'--quantum entanglement'--could be replicated using gravitational theory.
When two quantum particles are entangled, they cannot be described individually, but instead form a single quantum ''object,'' even if they're far apart. There is a measure that describes how entangled a quantum system is, known as the ''entropy of entanglement.'' After several years of work, Grumiller and his colleagues managed to show that this entropy takes on exactly the same value when calculated in gravitational theory and quantum field theory for spaces like our universe.
"This calculation affirms our assumption that the holographic principle can also be realized in flat spaces,'' said Riegler in a press release. ''It is evidence for the validity of this correspondence in our universe."
Fermilab scientist Aaron Chou, left, and Vanderbilt University graduate student Brittany Kamai check on the Holometer device used to test whether the universe is a 2D hologram. Image: Fermilab
If the holographic principle does indeed describe our universe, it could help resolve many inconsistencies between relativistic physics and quantum physics, including the black hole information paradox. It would also offer researchers a way to solve some very tough quantum problems using relatively simple gravitational equations. But before we can be sure that we're living in the Matrix, there's still a lot of work to be done.
''We did this calculation using 3D gravitational theory and 2D quantum field theory, but the universe actually has three spatial dimensions plus time,'' Grumiller said. ''A next step is to generalize these considerations to include one higher dimension. There are also many other quantities that should correspond between gravitational theory and quantum field theory, and examining these correspondences is ongoing work.''
Beyond the theoretical considerations, there's the entirely different matter of pulling back the illusion and experimentally observing the holographic nature of reality. As it happens, physicists at the Department of Energy's Fermilab are now trying to do just that.
As Motherboard reported last year, Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics Director Craig Hogan recently hypothesized that our macroscopic world is like a ''four-dimensional video display'' created from pixel-like bits of subatomic information 10 trillion trillion times smaller than atoms. To our macroscopic eyes, everything around us appears three-dimensional. But just as moving your face toward the TV screen will cause pixels to come into focus, if we stare deeply enough into matter on a subatomic level, the bitmap of our holographic universe might reveal itself.
So. If this depiction of space is correct, then like any computer, there is an inherent limit to the universe's data storage and processing capacity. What's more, that limit should bear telltale signatures'--so-called ''holographic noise'''--that we can measure.
As Hogan explained to Motherboard's Jason Koebler, if we are indeed living in a hologram, "the basic effect is that reality has a limited amount of information, like a Netflix movie when Comcast is not giving you enough bandwidth. So things are a little blurry and jittery. Nothing ever just stands still, but is always moving a tiny bit."
Reality's bandwidth fuzz, if you will, is exactly what Hogan's lab is now trying to measure, using an instrument called the Holometer, which is basically a really big and powerful laser pointer.
''We are specifically trying to determine if there is a limit to the precision with which we can measure the relative positions of large objects,'' postdoctoral researcher Robert Lanza told me in an email. ''This would represent a fundamental limit in the actual information that the universe stores.''
Top-down view of the Holometer, the instrument that will determine if we're living in a giant hologram. Image:Fermilab
The actual experiment that will decipher this involves measuring the relative positions of large mirrors separated by 40 meters, using two Michelson laser interferometers with a precision 1 billion times smaller than an atom. If, as according to the holographic noise hypothesis, information about the positions of the two mirrors is finite, then the researchers should ultimately hit a limit in their ability to resolve their respective positions.
''What happens then?'' Lanza said. ''We expect to simply measure noise, as if the positions of the optics were dancing around, not able to be pinned down with more precision. So in the end, the experimental signature we are looking for is an irreducible noise floor due to the universe not actually storing more information about the positions of the mirrors.''
The team is currently collecting and analyzing data, and expects to have their first results by the end of the year. Lanza told me they are encouraged by the fact that their instruments have achieved by far the best sensitivity ever to gravitational waves at high frequencies.
''The physics of gravitational waves is unrelated to holographic noise, however, the gravity wave results demonstrate that our instrument is operating at top notch science quality, and we are now poised to experimentally dig into the science of holographic noise,'' Lanza said.
So, it seems that for now, we'll have to wait for the physicists doing the hard math and shooting the lasers to tell us whether our lives are just a very sophisticated illusion. In the meanwhile, the big question on my mind is, how the heck will such a revelation affect us?
''This knowledge won't impact our everyday lives, in the same way that knowing about the Big Bang or other galaxies does not change our everyday lives,'' Grumiller said.
''But in the same way that knowing that the universe started with a Big Bang has profoundly changed our view of the universe, knowing that the universe is like a big hologram is a profound insight.''
Lanza agrees. ''It would force us to fundamentally alter our perception of reality, in a way that many of us, myself included, would have a hard time wrapping our heads around," he said.
Indeed, it sort of untethers the definition of ''simulation'' entirely. If we are living in a giant hologram, can we really say that all the sim worlds and MMOs we've built aren't as real as our universe's planets, star clusters and galaxies, all of which boil down to quantum dots on a cosmic bitmap?
Perhaps the only thing we can say with any certainty is this: If our universe is a simulation, it's probably as close to a perfect one as we can ever hope to achieve. In that sense, living in the Matrix doesn't sound so bad, after all.
Perfect Worlds is a series on Motherboard about simulations, imitations, and models. Follow along here.
Worried about killer robots? Maybe you should be. Watch Motherboard's documentary Inhuman Kind.
David Germain, chief of Morse code training on Fort Huachuca, Ariz., explains the history of the course and the transfer of the training to Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas.
Morse code training equipment from various eras of instruction are displayed on Fort Huachuca, Ariz.
Air Force Airmen Bryce Hatler and Seth Jones practice their Morse code skills. Both Airmen are enrolled in the last Morse code training class on Fort Huachuca, Ariz., which began April 24, 2015.
FORT HUACHUCA, Ariz. (April 27, 2015) -- It is the end of an era on Fort Huachuca. The last manual Morse code class began here, April 27. In the future, the course will be taught by the Air Force on Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas.
National Morse Code Day is celebrated on what would have been its founder's 224th birthday. Samuel F. B. Morse dispatched the first telegraph message in Morse code, May 24, 1844. The message, "What Hath God Wrought?" was dispatched from the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., to Alfred Vail at a railroad station in Baltimore.
The military first used Morse code during the Crimean War. Both the Union and Confederate armies heavily relied on Morse code during the Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln utilized it to receive military intelligence, as well as command and control his generals in the field.
Even in the increasingly high-tech world, there is still a need for this old-school mode of communication, said David Germain, chief of Morse code training and sole remaining civilian Morse code instructor at the 304th Military Intelligence Battalion.
"We train [for] Morse code because the adversary still uses Morse code," said Germain, who, along with another course instructor, Air Force Tech. Sgt. Joshua Henrichs, are training two airmen to serve as Morse code instructors in Texas.
Air Force Tech Sgt. Ryan Kilcrease agrees there is a continued need for Morse code training. "It remains the cheapest and most reliable means of communication."
Senior Airman James Gosnell, also training to become a new instructor, learned Morse code on Fort Huachuca and upon completion of his training was assigned to Osan Air Force Base, South Korea, for two years. He said the assignment was challenging. "It took me nearly two months to get up to speed learning to keep up with some of the fastest transmitters in the world," he said.
In a memo signed April 5, 1985, the Army became the executive agency for conducting the Morse code course on Fort Devens, Massachusetts. A few years later, Fort Devens consolidated Morse code training into a joint learning environment by providing training to Army, Navy, Marines and Air Force.
In 1993, the Morse code course moved to Fort Huachuca, where it continued to be trained in a joint environment. The Army celebrated 30 years of being the executive agency to conduct Morse code training, April 5.
Throughout the years, the Navy and Marines reversed the training pipeline and started to send their students to Pensacola, Florida, and then to Fort Huachuca to attend Morse code training. In 2006, the Air Force followed suit.
In late 2004, early 2005, the Department of Defense sent out a message stating there was no longer a need or requirement for operators trained in only Morse code. Based on that message, the Navy no longer sent their students to Fort Huachuca to be trained - deciding instead to conduct its training in Pensacola. By 2007, the Marines also stopped attending Morse code training on Fort Huachuca.
That same year, the training consolidated two separate courses - the basic Morse code training course and the advanced Morse code training course from 22 weeks to 16 weeks. The cut in training time for the Army was due to the course not being considered as a primary military occupation specialty, but as a secondary training for three Army specialties. In 1991, the course trained an average 1,600 students annually for all the military services.
The current Morse code course is self-paced and requires 81 days for completion. However, a student successfully completed it in a record 27 days.
Master Sgt. Adella Creque, superintendent, 316th Training Squadron, said the course is hard because a student has to master one segment before moving on to the next and may fail several times before advancing.
In 2012, the Army stopped enrolling students in the Morse code course since it no longer has a requirement to train Soldiers. A cooperative agreement between the Air Force and Army allowed the training to continue on Fort Huachuca until now.
"I think [Morse code] will always be out there," Germain said. "It's cheap, easy, effective and reliable to use. There will always be a need for it."
C.H.I.P. is a computer. It's tiny and easy to use.
C.H.I.P. does computer things. Work in LibreOffice and save your documents to C.H.I.P.'s onboard storage. Surf the web and check your email over wifi. Play games with a bluetooth controller. With dozens of applications and tools preinstalled, C.H.I.P. is ready to do computer things the moment you power it on.
C.H.I.P. is a computer for students, teachers, grandparents, children, artists, makers, hackers, and inventors. Everyone really. C.H.I.P. is a great way to add a computer to your life and the perfect way to power your computer based projects.
C.H.I.P. has built in WiFi + Bluetooth. Connect to the internet and attach a keyboard and mouse WIRELESSLY!
C.H.I.P. is designed to work with any screen. Old or new. Big or small.
Connect via C.H.I.P.'s built-in composite output or add a simple adapter for either VGA or HDMI.
Use C.H.I.P. with LibreOffice to edit spreadsheets, create word documents, or craft presentations. It's all there.
Use the Chromium browser to surf the web. Check out websites, send emails, watch videos, and more. The internet awaits.
C.H.I.P. comes pre-loaded with Scratch - an easy to learn language that teaches the basics of programing by making stories, games, and animations.
Connect bluetooth controllers to C.H.I.P. and play thousands of games both retro and new. Been missing that amazing DOS game from your childhood? C.H.I.P. plays it!
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C.H.I.P.'s open source operating system is easy to use and navigate. Its graphical display is just like what you're used to!
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SPECS
3,000 mAH battery 4.3" 470px x 272px screen w/ resistive touch Full Super-Clicky QWERTY keyboard Rugged Injection Molded Shell Fully open source GPIO breakouts C.H.I.P. is removable via hatchUSING PocketC.H.I.P. WITH C.H.I.P.
At 1Ghz and with 512MB of DDR3 RAM, C.H.I.P. is powerful enough to run real software, and handle the demands of a full GUI just as well as it handles attached hardware. Best of all, CHIP runs mainline Linux, which means it's easier than ever to keep teaching it new tricks without inheriting a pile of kernel patches.
Speaking of power, C.H.I.P. includes a fully integrated battery power circuit so that you can take your project outside right away. No external power circuit needed, just attach a 3.7v LiPo battery to C.H.I.P. and you're ready to go mobile.
Most important, though, is that C.H.I.P. is built to be flexible. Whether you're building yourself a wall clock that counts down time to the next bus at your stop, or setting up a network of hundreds of solar-powered air quality sensors for use in disaster relief, you need the same basic tools to start from: a processor, a way to exchange data, and a way to power everything. With C.H.I.P., all the groundwork is laid, and the only question is what you'll do next.
We built C.H.I.P. to make tiny powerful computers more accessible and easier to use. A huge part of making C.H.I.P. accessible is making sure that it can change to meet the needs of the community. That's why both C.H.I.P. and PocketC.H.I.P. are both TOTALLY OPEN SOURCE. This means all hardware design files schematic, PCB layout and bill of materials are free for you the community to download, modify and use.
Can't wait to get started developing on C.H.I.P.? Join our team! By backing at the Kernel Hacker level, you'll get one of the first 1000 pre-release "Alpha" C.H.I.P. prototypes, hot off the reflow line *THIS SEPTEMBER* PLUS you'll be first in line for five C.H.I.P.s and one PocketC.H.I.P. as soon as they are ready. This is a special backer level meant only for hardcore linux devs who want to make meaningful contributions toward helping us build C.H.I.P.'s kernel software. If that sounds like the kind of challenge you'd like to sink your teeth into, back at the Kernel Hacker level, and join us on the march towards open source glory! '( ½¥ã ½¥)Ù
We've worked very closely with the amazing team at Allwinner Technology to insure that all the necessary documentation and source code for the System on Chip and Power Management Chips used in C.H.I.P. will be available for the community to use and learn from.
At Next Thing Co. we love to make things. The only thing we love more than making, is sharing what we make. We're so excited to see what you'll do with a $9 computer.
It takes more than whole Next Thing Co. team to make C.H.I.P. possible. These are a few of the many amazing folks who have helped along the way: The entire Allwinner team (Ben, Wang Kang, Yinwei, Jet), Our endlessly supportive investors and mentors (Brownell, Cyril, Sean, Ryan, Brad and the FGAngels crew), all of our OTTO Kickstarter backers, the whole HAXLR8R squad - Duncan, Ben, Peter, Qiyu, Atomman and Sally, the wonderful folks at Bay Area Circuits, Fathom and Kilovolt Coffee and our families, who have supported us through long nights and endless trips to China.
Algorithms filter a lot of the content that we see on social media A study by Facebook's own researchers has investigated whether the site's "news feed" filters content that users disagree with politically.
It finds that Facebook's algorithms do sift out some challenging items - but this has a smaller effect than our own decisions to click (or not) on links.
By far the biggest hit to ideologically "cross-cutting" content comes from the selection of our Facebook friends.
Other experts welcomed the study but also called for more, broader research.
Published in the journal Science, the new study was motivated by the much-debated idea that getting our news via online social networks can isolate us from differing opinions.
Critics have argued that this effect, particularly if exacerbated by "social algorithms" that select clickable content for us, is bad for democracy and public debate.
"People are increasingly turning to their social networks for news and information," said co-author Solomon Messing, a data scientist at Facebook.
The choice of the articles that you select matters more than the news feed algorithmDr Solomon Messing, Facebook"We wanted to quantify the extent to which people are sharing ideologically diverse news content - and the extent to which people actually encounter and read it in social media."
Choices, choicesDr Messing and his colleagues studied 10.1 million US Facebook users, drawn from the 9% of adults on the site who declare their political affiliation as part of their profile - labelling themselves "liberal" or "conservative", for example.
The researchers found 226,000 news stories that were shared by more than 20 of those users, and gave a political "alignment" score to each one based on the stated ideology of the people who shared it.
Then they set about evaluating how much "cross-cutting" content, from the opposing political sphere, was available to each user.
What are the dangers of using social networks to read the news? If people accessed random posts from right across Facebook, the study reports that 40-45% of what they saw would fall into that category. But, of course, this is not how the Facebook news feed works, because we only see what our friends share.
Based on what their friends posted on the site, the users in the study could only ever have seen a news feed with 29.5% cross-cutting material.
This is quite a drop, largely produced by our tendency to "friend" people similar to ourselves; the study reported that on average, about 80% of a user's Facebook friends, if they declare a preference, have similar political views.
After we select our own friends, Facebook also refines what we see in the news feed using its complicated, controversial - and confidential - social algorithms. According to the study, this process did cut the proportion of cross-cutting material down further, but only to 28.9%.
Then, even within what users were offered by their Facebook feed, the links from contrasting perspectives received fewer clicks: only 24.9% of the content people clicked or tapped was cross-cutting.
These percentages varied between the self-declared "conservative" and "liberal" Facebook populations, but the case made by the Facebook researchers is clear: "If you average over liberals and conservatives, you can very easily see that the choice of the articles that you select matters more than the news feed algorithm," Dr Messing told the BBC.
Percentages varied between the political groups, but challenging material was less common within users' networks than in a random sample across Facebook - and then the percentage dropped again within what they saw on their feed, and what they selected to click on But he agreed that our choice of online friends makes the biggest difference - and that, based on this study, reading news through that filter cuts out a lot of ideologically challenging material, relative to what is shared across Facebook.
There is a broader need for scientists to study these systems in a manner that is independent of the Facebooks of the worldDr David Lazer, Northeastern UniversityThe big, unanswered question is whether this places us in any more of an echo chamber than reading news directly from our favourite major media brands, or other sources we find for ourselves.
Vigilance requiredIn a commentary also published in Science, Dr David Lazer from Northeastern University in Boston said this was an awkward comparison: "It is not possible to determine definitively whether Facebook encourages or hinders political discussion across partisan divides relative to a pre-Facebook world, because we do not have nearly the same quality or quantity of data for the pre-Facebook world."
He also said this research topic was a crucial one, and "continued vigilance" would be required.
"Facebook deserves great credit... for conducting this research in a public way. But there is a broader need for scientists to study these systems in a manner that is independent of the Facebooks of the world."
Prof Mason Porter, a researcher at Oxford University, UK, who has also studied social networks, expressed similar sentiments.
"This is something that it's really important to try to disentangle," he told the BBC. He said the next step would be to compare the findings with what happens in other online environments.
"How much is this true in other social networks? The main thing for studies like this is that you want to repeat it in different ways. I think it's going to inspire a lot more studies, which is really one of the best things a scientific paper can do," Prof Porter said.
Many people, especially younger generations, get a lot of their news from social media Patrick Wolfe, a professor of statistics and computer science at University College London, said the study was interesting despite some limitations in the data.
"I think the claims are reasonably plausible; I don't think the conclusion is that surprising," Prof Wolfe told BBC News.
He commented that biases in how the subjects were selected might mean that the findings did not reflect the wider population. In particular, to get their 10 million users the researchers first excluded the 30% of US Facebook users who visit on fewer than four days each week - as well as the 91% of adult users who do not declare their political affiliation.
The authors agree their study is limited, but say these decisions were a matter of extracting something relevant from Facebook's vast reserves of data.
"We're interested in the population who are regular social media users," Dr Messing said. "For people who log on once a month, this question isn't really relevant."
And the numbers are still large: "We have millions of observations," he said. "The error bars are smaller than the points on the graph."
The guitar is such an iconic logo for country music that when the Nashville Sounds AAA baseball team moved to a new stadium this year, designers made a point to incorporate a guitar-shaped scoreboard similar to one that became a talking point for the old venue.
But the guitar -- and other instruments -- ironically receive less spotlight in the music than they do at a Music City ballpark. The solo is under siege, and even the artists whose identities are tied to their in-concert musicianship -- such as Brad Paisley, Keith Urban and Hunter Hayes -- are required to pick their spots to step out on their recordings if they expect them to get played.
"On country radio, there's a tendency to edit out the guitar solos to save time," says Paisley.
It's a difficult topic. On plenty of occasions, fans have observed after their first Paisley or Urban concert, "I didn't know he was such a great guitar player." The depth of their artistry isn't fully experienced on many of the songs that reach the airwaves.
But shorter singles make it possible for stations to play more titles in the course of an hour, and the solo parts are where it's the easiest to make an incision. So singles often go under the knife.
"The listeners' attention spans are shorter and shorter, and if they start getting bored with whatever it is that we're doing -- whether it's a musical riff, or something we're saying , or too many commercials -- it's too easy for them to go somewhere else," says consultant Joel Raab. "So it's really about forward momentum on the radio station. Is that guitar part moving everything forward? If it is, great. If it's not, then maybe it needs to be edited."
Country Radio Goes Pop: How Formats Shift When Genres Cross
Increasingly, that editing takes place before the songs ever make it to radio, a trend exemplified by several current singles with different sonic results. One minute, 47 seconds was dumped from the Brothers Osborne's "Stay a Little Longer" by piecing together the most melodic elements of John Osborne's guitar finale, which still runs 55 seconds in the 3:48 single. Striking Matches' "Hanging On a Lie" trims a mere 15 seconds for the single, and it leaves intact a 16-second guitar breakdown that serves as a bridge. In Thompson Square's "Trans Am," a recorded guitar solo was hacked out entirely before the song was ever turned in to the label, keeping it at 2:55. And with Brett Eldredge's "Lose My Mind," the writers chatted briefly about a solo section, but decided less was better and never put one in, holding it at 2:35.
"I think that 2:35 is the new 3:30," says co-writer/co-producer Ross Copperman. "Under three minutes is country gold right now."
While LynyrdSkynyrd's "Free Bird" influenced many modern Nashville musicians, the 10-minute classic-rock opus never caught hold in country. The occasional single has ended with a lengthy jam -- Merle Haggard's "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink" and Alan Jackson's "I Don't Even Know Your Name" both let the backing band swap solos for more than a minute -- but they're a clear exception. In fact, when Highway 101's "(Do You Love Me) Just Say Yes" took more than 1:15 to fade in 1988, radio programmers asked for an edit. The request miffed at least one of the band's associates, who figured if stations wanted to end it early, they could fade it themselves.
Radio did just that with Eric Church's "The Outsiders" in late 2013. The last minute of the single took a turn in texture, amping up the song's hard-rock component. One programmer at the time expressed glee when his station lopped off that part of it, a move that came as no surprise to the Church camp.
"I think we half-way expected it," producer Jay Joyce said then. "But it's ["The Outsiders"], right? That ending's as outside as you can get."
Even if lengthy instrumental sections are being pared back, guitars, drums and keyboards are still important. They provide framework to showcase the voice and the melody, and finding new sounds has become a key factor in modern country hits.
"It's still a 16-color crayon box," says producer Dann Huff (Keith Urban, Maddie & Tae). "It used to be an eight-color crayon box; now it's 16. That's fair enough. So it makes you look at these instruments in different ways."
Huff cites the Joyce-produced Little Big Town hit "Pontoon," which uses a unique mashup of Jedd Hughes' mandolin and a sample from an electronic keyboard, as an example. The electronically altered banjo in Blake Shelton's "Doin' What She Likes" and the disco-ish bass on Luke Bryan's "That's My Kind of Night" are other examples of instrumentation used to distinguish a record without dominating it.
From Bro to Blah: Is Country Radio's Shift in Younger Listeners a Crisis or a Driver?
"Look at RoyOrbison's 'Oh, Pretty Woman,' " says Raab. "Is that a hit without that guitar? It's just not."
Striking Matches' breakdown section is, as it turns out, somewhat similar to the "Pretty Woman" arc. It wasn't originally there when the duo wrote "Hanging On a Lie," but it became something of a signature. The song isn't as interesting without it, and it helps build the act's identity.
"We're players, and we'll take every opportunity in a song to have a musical interlude or something interesting happen musically," says Justin Davis.
With music being subjective, it's tough to create a specific rule about when a solo is right for a song, though a couple seem to be in force. Raab suggests it's better to have a solo section in the middle of a single than at the end, when the song "seems like it should be over." Singer/guitarist Frankie Ballard says it comes down to the ultimate effect of the playing.
"It has to be appropriate for the song," he says. "A great guitar solo isn't about how long it is. Sometimes the greatest guitar work is done in a short amount of time. It just lifts the song."
Thus, many of country's best guitarists -- Urban, Hayes, Paisley or Vince Gill -- aren't fully appreciated by their fans until they've been experienced live. That is, to Hayes' way of thinking, an appropriate way to look at the guitar solo. The one that gets put on a record should be as singable as the rest of the song, while the stage is a better place to give the fan a more elaborate experience.
"I love a solo as much as anybody," he says, "but you let those things happen live."
Facebook Use Polarizing? Site Begs to Differ - NYTimes.com
For years, political scientists and social theorists have fretted about the Internet's potential to flatten and polarize democratic discourse.
Because so much information now comes through digital engines shaped by our preferences '-- Facebook, Google and others suggest content based on what consumers previously enjoyed '-- scholars have theorized that people are building an online echo chamber of their own views.
But in a peer-reviewed study published on Thursday in the journal Science, data scientists at Facebook report the echo chamber is not as insular as many might fear '-- at least not on the social network. While independent researchers said the study was important for its scope and size, they noted several significant limitations.
After analyzing how 10.1 million of the most partisan American users on Facebook navigated the site over a six-month period last year, researchers found that people's networks of friends and the stories they see are in fact skewed toward their ideological preferences. But that effect is more limited than the worst case some theorists had predicted, in which people would see almost no information from the other side.
On average, about 23 percent of users' friends are of an opposing political affiliation, according to the study. An average of almost 29 percent of the news stories displayed by Facebook's News Feed also appear to present views that conflict with the user's own ideology.
In addition, researchers said that individuals' choices about which stories to click on had a larger effect than Facebook's filtering mechanism in determining whether people encountered news that conflicted with their professed ideology.
''This is the first time we've been able to quantify these effects,'' said Eytan Bakshy, a data scientist at Facebook who led the study. He said that he began the work in 2012 out of an interest in the way social networks shape how the public gets news. ''You would think that if there was an echo chamber, you would not be exposed to any conflicting information,'' he added, ''but that's not the case here.''
Facebook's findings run counter to a longstanding worry about the potential for digital filtering systems to shape our world. For Facebook, the focus is on the algorithm that the company uses to decide which posts people see, and which they do not, in its News Feed.
Eli Pariser, chief executive of the viral content website Upworthy, labeled this effect the ''Filter Bubble.'' Some Facebook users have said they unfollow those who post content with which they disagree. And with political discussions being increasingly pitched in the run-up to next year's presidential election, in which the Internet will be used as a primary campaign tool, the problem appeared to be getting worse.
''This shows that the effects that I wrote about exist and are significant, but they're smaller than I would have guessed,'' Mr. Pariser said in an interview about Facebook's study.
Natalie Jomini Stroud, a professor of communications studies at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the study, said the results were ''an important corrective'' to the conventional wisdom.
The study adds to others that debate whether the Internet creates an echo chamber. A Pew Research Center report last year found that media outlets people name as prime information sources about politics and news are strongly correlated with their political views. Another study last year published as a working paper in the National Bureau of Economic Research analyzed Twitter usage during the 2012 election and found social media often exposed users only to opinions that match their own.
Dr. Stroud and other researchers note that Facebook's study has limitations. It arrived at 10.1 million users by screening only for Americans older than 18 who log on to Facebook at least four out of seven days of the week, and who interacted with at least one news link during the second half of 2014. Importantly, all self-identified as liberal or conservative in their profiles. Most Facebook users do not post their political views, and Dr. Stroud cautioned those users might be more or less accepting of conflicting political views.
Criticism of the study was swift. In an article responding to the study, Zeynep Tufekci, a professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, said, ''People who self-identify their politics are almost certainly going to behave quite differently, on average, than people who do not.'' She added, ''The study is still interesting, and important, but it is not a study that can generalize to Facebook users.''
Facebook's researchers said studying those who self-report their politics was the most technically feasible way to determine users' political affiliations, and trying to infer those from other methods would have led to greater uncertainty.
The findings are convenient for Facebook. With more than 1.3 billion users, the social network is effectively the world's most widely read daily newspaper. About 30 percent of American adults get their news from Facebook, according to the Pew Research Center. But its editorial decisions are drafted with little transparency using the News Feed algorithm. Facebook could use the study's results to show that the algorithm is not ruining national discourse.
Facebook said its researchers had wide latitude to pursue their research interests and to present whatever they found. The results were reviewed before publication in Science, with the journal selecting an anonymous panel of scholars unaffiliated with Facebook. Science does not disclose the identity of experts and warns reviewers to declare any financial ties that might be perceived as a conflict of interest with the study being reviewed.
Facebook also noted that this study was substantively different from one that caused an outcry last year, in which the company's scientists altered the number of positive and negative posts that some people saw to examine the effects on mood. This study did not involve an experiment that changed users' experience of Facebook; researchers analyzed how people use Facebook as it stands today.
For Facebook's study, researchers first determined the point of view of a given article by looking at whether liberals or conservatives had shared it most. They found unsurprising partisan attitudes about some news sources, with Fox News stories shared mainly by conservatives and Huffington Post articles shared by liberals.
Then they measured how often feeds of users, whose identifying details had been taken out, displayed stories that conflicted with their professed ideologies, and how often they clicked on those stories.
Some academics said Facebook was always tweaking the News Feed and could easily make changes that would create a more sealed echo chamber.
''A small effect today might become a large effect tomorrow,'' David Lazer, a political scientist at Northeastern University who studies social networks, wrote in a commentary on the Facebook study also published in Science. ''The deliberative sky is not yet falling, but the skies are not completely clear either.''
The study '-- also written by Solomon Messing and Lada Adamic, who are data scientists at Facebook '-- presented other findings on how people of different political persuasions use the world's largest social network.
One is that liberals live in a more tightly sealed echo chamber than conservatives, though conservatives were more selective about what they click on when they see ideologically challenging views.
About 22 percent of the news stories that Facebook presents to liberals is of a conservative bent, while 33 percent of the stories shown to conservatives presents a liberal point of view. The difference, researchers said, is that liberal users are connected to fewer friends who share views from the other side.
But liberals were only 6 percent less likely to click on ideologically challenging articles instead of ideologically consistent articles that appeared in their feed. Conservatives were 17 percent less likely to click, meaning they appeared more reluctant to indulge opposing views.
The study also raised '-- but did not answer '-- the question of what happens after people click on an article with an opposing view: Are they being persuaded by its arguments, or are they dismissing it out of hand?
''People who are really into politics expose themselves to everything,'' said Diana C. Mutz, a political scientist at the University of Pennsylvania. ''So they will expose to the other side, but it could be to make fun of it, or to know what they're saying to better argue against it, or just to yell at the television set.''
A click, in other words, is not necessarily an endorsement, or even a sign of an open mind.
05/07/2015Sometime on or about May 20, the next US Naval Academy satellites and Brno University PSK31 transponders head into space from Cape Canaveral on an Atlas 5 launcher and into an approximately 50° orbit. The launch will include the Psat APRS satellite '-- a pair of identical 1.5 U cubesats (A and B) '-- as well as the BRICsat and USS Langley (Unix Space Server Langley) nanosatellites.
''Psat is a Naval Academy student satellite project named in honor of one of our graduates, Bradford Parkinson, of GPS fame, which contains an APRS transponder for relaying remote telemetry, sensor, and user data from remote users and Amateur Radio environmental experiments or other data sources back to Amateur Radio experimenters via a global network of Internet-linked ground stations,'' explained APRS developer Bob Bruninga, WB4APR. In addition to the data transponder, a secondary Brno University transponder will support multi-user PSK31 text messaging. The APRS downlink will be 145.825 MHz (1200 baud AX.25 APRS).
''We welcome radio amateurs worldwide to tune into the downlinks and either IGate packets into the global APRS-IS system or to e-mail me,'' Bruninga said. ''After launch, the next several orbits will be over USA and Europe.'' Bruninga said PSAT, including the PSK31 transponder, would not be available for use until all on-orbit checks are complete, a process he said could take ''many, many days.'' He also requested reports on any PSK31 (FM) heard on 435.350 MHz (the PSK31 uplink is 28.120 MHz).
The PSK31 multi-user FDMA transponder experiment on Psat, BRICsat and USS Langley is similar to the one on RAFT and PCSAT2. It will allow messaging among up to 30 modest ground stations simultaneously, Bruninga said.
Psat is one of five APRS-networked Amateur Radio satellites that will be in orbit during 2015, and all will appear on the live APRS downlink page. The others include PCsat-1, in orbit since 2001, QIKcom-1, set to launch in September, QIKcom-2, set to launch in December, and the ARISS packet radio system on board the International Space Station since 2007.
According to AMSAT-UK, BRICsat will carry an APRS constellation transponder with a downlink of 437.975 MHz and an uplink on 145.825 MHz (1200 and 9600 baud AX25) plus a PSK31 transponder with a 28.120 MHz uplink (2.5 kHz bandwidth) and a UHF FM downlink on 435.350 MHz. Gunter's Space Page describes USS Langley as ''a proof-of-concept mission for providing global internet access via a nanosatellite constellation.'' The satellite will act as a web server and router in space, using Internet Protocol and Linux. Downlinks 437.475 MHz (9600 baud AX.25 packet telemetry) with uplink at 145.825 MHz. The PSK31 transponder also will uplink at 28.120 MHz and downlink 435.350 MHz. The IARU coordination page said that while 28.120 MHz is not in the band plan as a satellite frequency, ''the panel considered the motivation for this frequency as to give lower class license holders in the US the opportunity to participate in the project.''
Bruninga said satellite experiments such as Psat ''serve our educational and outreach goals for student projects encouraging young people to be interested in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math.'' He said he hopes other schools will build either additional 145.825 MHz relay satellites or experimental sensors. ''We hope that Psat will be the 'egg' in this chicken-egg conundrum,'' he added.
The potential of a devastating attack to the US power grid by nuclear states such as North Korea or Iran has prompted the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) to return to its former location inside Cheyenne Mountain near Colorado Springs, Colorado, two former Reagan-era government officials write in The Wall Street Journal."Why the return?" write Henry F. Cooper and Peter Vincent Pry. "Because the enormous bunker in the hollowed-out mountain, built to survive a Cold War-era nuclear conflict, can also resist an electromagnetic-pulse attack, or EMP."
While the Pentagon is moving to shield its global air defense command from being knocked out by an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack, the Obama administration has failed to act on urgent recommendations to protect the country's civilian electronic infrastructure from a similar catastrophe, they write.
"An EMP strike, most likely from the detonation of a nuclear weapon in space, would destroy unprotected military and civilian electronics nationwide, blacking out the electric grid and other critical infrastructure for months or years," Cooper and Pry write.
"The staggering human cost of such a catastrophic attack is not difficult to imagine."
The likeliest source of such an attack would be North Korea or Iran, according to Cooper, former director of the Strategic Defense Initiative, launched by the late President Ronald Reagan, and Pry, executive director of the EMP Task Force on National and Homeland Security and a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Iran is a nuclear-ready state with ballistic missiles capable of striking the United States now, Cooper, Pry and and two other Reagan administration alumni wrote in an op-ed for Newsmax in February.
In the Journal, Cooper and Pry reiterate that "Iran should be regarded as already having nuclear missiles capable of making an EMP attack against the U.S.," noting, "Iran and North Korea have successfully orbited satellites on South-Polar trajectories that appear to practice evading U.S. missile defenses, and at optimum altitudes to make a surprise EMP attack."
There is no comparable effort under way in Washington to protect civilian electronic infrastructure, even though a prolonged nationwide blackout could result in chaos and death on a massive scale, according to findings of a national EMP Commission authorized by Congress.
"Yet President Obama has not acted on the EMP Commission's draft executive order to protect national infrastructure that is essential to provide for the common defense," Cooper and Pry write. "Hardening the national electric grid would cost a few billion dollars, a trivial amount compared with the loss of electricity and lives following an EMP attack."
The authors also fault Congress for failing to act on the recommendations of its own commission and for dropping the ball on multiple bills to fund electronic infrastructure security upgrades.
"In recent years, the GRID Act, the Shield Act, and the Critical Infrastructure Protection Act have gained bipartisan and even unanimous support in the House, yet they died in the Senate," they write.
One result, Cooper and Pry write, is that states have been left to seek solutions on their own.
Climate change is a hoax led by the United Nations in a bid for world domination, according to Prime Minister Tony Abbott's chief business advisor.
BySBS
8 May 2015 - 9:48 AM UPDATED 4 HOURS AGO
Climate change is a trick used by the United Nations in a bid for world domination, according to Prime Minister Tony Abbott's chief business advisor.
The chairman of the Prime Minister's Business Advisory Council, Maurice Newman, made the allegations in a column published in the Australian on Friday.
Under the subheading, ''The international body's real agenda is a new world order under its control'', Mr Newman wrote that the real agenda behind the push for climate change action was ''concentrated political authority''.
''This is not about facts or logic,'' he said.
''It's about a new world order under the control of the UN. It is opposed to capitalism and freedom.''
'It's about a new world order under the control of the UN'
Published to coincide with a visit by Christiana Figueres, who heads up the UN's Framework Convention on Climate Change, Mr Newman's article alleged that Australians are being fed ''dud predictions''.
He said that Ms Figueres would prolong poverty and illiteracy among the world's poorest through her ''centralised power ambitions''.
"It's a well-kept secret, but 95 per cent of the climate models we are told prove the link between human CO2 emissions and catastrophic global warming have been found, after nearly two decades of temperature stasis, to be in error. It's not surprising," he wrote.
It is not the first time Mr Newman has made controversial comments on climate change.
In a speech to ABC staffers in 2010, the then-Chairman of the ABC said climate change was "group-think".
When asked if he was a climate change denier, Mr Newman replied that he was "an agnostic".
'There are a lot question marks about some of the fundamental data'
"I have always been an agnostic and I will remain and agnostic until I've found compelling evidence on one side or the other that will move me," he told ABC Radio in 2010.
"I think that what seems fairly clear to me is that the climate science is still being developed. There are a lot of question marks about some of the fundamental data which has been used to build models that requires caution."
Mr Newman's latest comments come amid reports that the Abbott Government and Labor are expected to agree on a pared-back renewable energy target.
A long-awaited meeting over the target is due to be held in Melbourne on Friday, when the coalition is expected to concede ground.
The government wants to slash the legislated 41,000-gigawatt hour target, amid concerns it would overreach 20 per cent and push up power prices.
Until Thursday it was reluctant to go higher than a 32,000GWh target. But cabinet is believed to have authorised Environment Minister Greg Hunt and Industry Minister Ian Macfarlane to go to 33,000GWh.
Climate change denial in public discourse may encourage climate scientists to over-emphasise scientific uncertainty and is also affecting how they themselves speak -- and perhaps even think -- about their own research, a new study from the University of Bristol, UK argues.
Professor Stephan Lewandowsky, from Bristol's School of Experimental Psychology and the Cabot Institute, and colleagues from Harvard University and three institutions in Australia show how the language used by people who oppose the scientific consensus on climate change has seeped into scientists' discussion of the alleged recent 'hiatus' or 'pause' in global warming, and has thereby unwittingly reinforced a misleading message.
The idea that 'global warming has stopped' has been promoted in contrarian blogs and media articles for many years, and ultimately the idea of a 'pause' or 'hiatus' has become ensconced in the scientific literature, including in the latest assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that global warming continues unabated, which implies that talk of a 'pause' or 'hiatus' is misleading. Recent warming has been slower than the long term trend, but this fluctuation differs little from past fluctuations in warming rate, including past periods of more rapid than average warming. Crucially, on previous occasions when decadal warming was particularly rapid, the scientific community did not give short-term climate variability the attention it has now received, when decadal warming was slower. During earlier rapid warming there was no additional research effort directed at explaining 'catastrophic' warming. By contrast, the recent modest decrease in the rate of warming has elicited numerous articles and special issues of leading journals.
This asymmetry in response to fluctuations in the decadal warming trend likely reflects what the study's authors call the 'seepage' of contrarian claims into scientific work.
Professor Lewandowsky said: "It seems reasonable to conclude that the pressure of climate contrarians has contributed, at least to some degree, to scientists re-examining their own theory, data and models, even though all of them permit -- indeed, expect -- changes in the rate of warming over any arbitrarily chosen period."
So why might scientists be affected by contrarian public discourse? The study argues that three recognised psychological mechanisms are at work: 'stereotype threat', 'pluralistic ignorance' and the 'third-person effect'.
'Stereotype threat' refers to the emotional and behaviour responses when a person is reminded of an adverse stereotype against a group to which they belong. Thus, when scientists are stereotyped as 'alarmists', a predicted response would be for them to try to avoid seeming alarmist by downplaying the degree of threat. Several studies have indeed shown that scientists tend to avoid highlighting risks, lest they be seen as 'alarmist'.
'Pluralistic ignorance' describes the phenomenon which arises when a minority opinion is given disproportionate prominence in public debate, resulting in the majority of people incorrectly assuming their opinion is marginalised. Thus, a public discourse that asserts that the IPCC has exaggerated the threat of climate change may cause scientists who disagree to think their views are in the minority, and they may therefore feel inhibited from speaking out in public.
Research shows that people generally believe that persuasive communications exert a stronger effect on others than on themselves: this is known as the 'third-person effect'. However, in actual fact, people tend to be more affected by persuasive messages than they think. This suggests the scientific community may be susceptible to arguments against climate change even when they know them to be false.
Professor Lewandowsky said: "We scientists have a unique and crucial role in public policy: to communicate clearly and accurately the entire range of risks that we know about. The public has a right to be informed about risks, even if they are alarming.
"Climate scientists have done a great job pursuing their science under great political pressure and they have tirelessly rebutted pseudoscientific arguments against their work. However, sometimes scientists have inadvertently allowed contrarian claims to frame the language of their scientific thinking, leading us to overstate uncertainty and under-communicate knowledge.
"Knowing about one's own susceptibility to outside pressure is half the battle: our research may therefore enable scientists to recognise the potential for this seepage of contrarian arguments into their own language and thinking."
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of Bristol. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
In a stroke of luck, no major hurricanes rated Category 3 or higher have struck U.S. soil during the past nine years, a new study finds. This is the country's longest "hurricane drought" in recorded history, or since 1851, the researchers said. The previous record lull lasted eight years, from 1861 to 1868, they said.
Hurricane Wilma, a hurricane that hit Florida in 2005, was the last Category 3 storm to make landfall in the United States. Other storms '-- including Hurricane Ike (Category 2, 2008), Hurricane Irene (Category 1, 2011) and Hurricane Sandy (Category 1, 2012) '-- caused significant damage, but their winds weren't as strong. [A History of Destruction: 8 Great Hurricanes]
Hurricane Wilma seen by satellite as it crossed Florida in October 2005. Wilma was a Category 3 storm when it made landfall in the state and is the last major hurricane to hit the U.S. since that time. NOAA / NASA
Several storms identified as Category 3 or higher have hit Cuba during the past nine years, but they substantially weakened by the time they reached the United States, the researchers found.
"There's been a lot of talk about how unusual the string is, and we want to quantify it," Timothy Hall, the study's lead author and a hurricane researcher at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, told the American Geophysical Union blog.
To investigate the odds of the nine-year hurricane drought, Hall partnered with Kelly Hereid, who works for Stamford, Connecticut-based ACE Tempest Reinsurance, a private company that insures insurance companies. Together, they used a computer model that looked at the major factors known to fuel or weaken hurricanes, such as storm-supporting high sea-surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean and hurricane-suppressing conditions in the Pacific Ocean, according to the blog.
The program allowed the researchers to simulate the years 1950 through 2012 1,000 times, so they could learn how often, under the known conditions, virtual hurricanes could hit 19 states that border or are near the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Texas to Maine, the blog said. The results gave Hall and Hereid enough data to calculate the odds of a large hurricane hitting the United States, and the likelihood of a nine-year hurricane drought.
Roughly a quarter of all tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic hit the United States, Hall said. An analysis showed that the average wait time for a nine-year drought is 177 years, making it rare but not impossible, the researchers said.
What's more, there is a 39 percent chance that the hurricane drought could end next year '-- a bit higher than a one-in-three chance. The odds do not have a connection to the length of the hurricane drought, and are similar to a coin toss in that the outcome does not depend on what came before it.
"The current year forgets the year before," Hall said.
The findings suggest the hurricane drought isn't usual, but rather a matter of luck or chance, the researchers added.
"When we looked qualitatively at the nine-year drought, they aren't inactive seasons," Hall said. The researchers found no significant change in the number of North Atlantic tropical cyclones, the amount of energy powering them or any other hurricane metric, according to the blog.
In fact, the hurricane drought may last another year. El Ni±o, which has developed in the Pacific, can lead to strong winds blowing over the Atlantic. These strong winds can stall hurricane formation, the researchers said.
The findings were published April 6 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Follow Laura Geggel on Twitter@LauraGeggel. Follow Live Science@livescience,Facebook&Google+. Original article on Live Science.
Supertyfoon bereikt Filipijnen met zware windstoten
Supertyfoon Noul heeft rond 16.45 uur lokale tijd de kust van het Filipijnse eiland Luzon bereikt, meldt het Filipijnse weerbureau Pagasa op Twitter. Noul, Dodong in het Filipijns, is een tyfoon met een kracht van 5 op de schaal van Saffir-Simpson. De autoriteiten waarschuwen vandaag voor aardverschuivingen en hebben bewoners aan de kust opgeroepen zich in veiligheid te brengen.
Noul kent windsnelheden van 185 kilometer per uur in het centrum van de tyfoon. De windstoten kunnen een snelheid van 220 kilometer per uur bereiken. De storm is aan land gekomen in de provincie Cagayan, waar veel rijstvelden zijn.
Autoriteiten vrezen vooral voor dorpen rond de vulkaan Mount Bulusan. Die barstte eerder deze week twee keer uit waardoor de kans op modderstromen met vulkanisch materiaal als lava, steen en as groot is. Meer dan 11.000 mensen zijn naar tijdelijke opvangcentra gebracht.
Ook de veerboten en het vliegverkeer in het midden en zuiden van de Filipijnen liggen stil vanwege de naderende tyfoon. Meer dan 5000 passagiers en 100 schepen zijn gestrand op havens en vliegvelden. 'We verwachten een opeenstapeling van gebeurtenissen: vloedgolven, zware regenval in de bergen, hoge golven en zware winden', zei het hoofd van de rampenbestrijdingsdienst eerder vandaag.
Gemiddeld razen er 20 tyfoons per jaar over de Filipijnen. In 2013 werden de eilanden ook getroffen door een supertyfoon. Haiyan kostte toen aan meer dan 8000 mensen het leven.
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan wants you to eat more insects. Why? It's better for the environment and your health, he argues.
''Keeping meat consumption to levels recommended by health authorities would lower emissions and reduce heart disease, cancer, and other diseases,'' Annan told The Guardian Sunday.
''And of course there are alternative sources of protein. For example, raising insects as an animal protein source,'' Annan said. ''Insects have a very good conversion rate from feed to meat. They make up part of the diet of two billion people and are commonly eaten in many parts of the world.''
''Eating insects is good for the environment and balanced diets,'' Annan said.
In December, U.N. delegates are expected to hash out a successor to the now-expire Kyoto Protocol at this year's United Nations climate summit in Paris.
For years, the U.N. has advocated eating bugs as a way to offset livestock production. The international body says there are more than 1,900 types of edible bugs on the planet. The U.N. also says livestock is a major emitter of greenhouse gas emissions, mostly from methane.
''Insects are reported to emit fewer greenhouse gases and less ammonia than cattle or pigs, and they require significantly less land and water than cattle rearing,'' the U.N. reported in 2013. ''Compared with mammals and birds, insects may also pose less risk of transmitting zoonotic infections to humans, livestock and wildlife, although this topic requires further research.''
These ''peak beefers'' also note that insects ''are a highly nutritious and healthy food source with high fat, protein, vitamin, fibre and mineral content.''
The Obama administration recently outlined a plan to reduce methane emissions from the livestock industry, but the administration has yet to ask Americans to incorporate bugs into their diets.
''The global livestock industry is indeed a major threat to the climate as it represents 14.5% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,'' Annan said. ''A growing population and a rapidly growing middle class are increasing pressure on the traditional protein sources, beef and poultry meat, making it more difficult to meet demand.''
''We cannot continue the way we are producing and consuming meat,'' he added. ''Obviously, this should not go as far as governments telling people what to eat.''
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Scenarios of a sea ice tipping point leading to a permanently ice-free Arctic Ocean were based on oversimplified arguments
New research by Till Wagner and Ian Eisenman, scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, resolves a long-running debate over irreversible Arctic sea ice loss.
Ever since the striking record minimum Arctic sea ice extent in 2007, the ominous scenario of a sea ice tipping point has been a fixture in the public debate surrounding man-made climate change and a contingency for which Arctic-bordering countries have prepared.
For decades, scientists have been concerned about such a point of no return, beyond which sea ice loss is irreversible. This concern was supported by mathematical models of the key physical processes (known as process models) that were believed to drive sea ice changes. The process models forecasted that increased global warming would push the Arctic into an unstoppable cascade of melting that ceases only when the ocean becomes ice-free.
Implications of a permanently ice-free Arctic for the environment and for national and economic security are significant, driving deep interest in predictive capabilities in the region.
Wagner and Eisenman's research was co-funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and by the National Science Foundation. It supports the goals of the Navy's U.S. Arctic Roadmap, which calls for an assessment of changes in the Arctic Ocean to clarify the national security challenges for future naval operations as this strategic region becomes increasingly accessible.
''The Navy has broad interest in the evolution of the Arctic,'' said the ONR's Frank Herr. ''Sea ice dynamics are a critical component of the changing environmental picture. Our physical models lack important details on the processes controlling ice formation and melting, thus ONR is conducting a series of experimental efforts on sea ice, open water processes, acoustics, and circulation.''
During the past several years, scientists using global climate models (GCMs) that are more complex than process models found sea ice loss in response to rising greenhouse gases in their computer simulations is actually reversible when greenhouse levels are reduced.
''It wasn't clear whether the simpler process models were missing an essential element, or whether GCMs were getting something wrong,'' said Wagner, the lead author of the study. ''And as a result, it wasn't clear whether or not a tipping point was a real threat.''
Wagner and Eisenman resolve this discrepancy in the study in an upcoming Journal of Climate article, ''How Climate Model Complexity Influences Sea Ice Stability.''
They created a model that bridged the gap between the process models and the GCMs, and they used it to determine what caused sea ice tipping points to occur in some models but not in others.
''We found that two key physical processes, which were often overlooked in previous process models, were actually essential for accurately describing whether sea ice loss is reversible,'' said Eisenman, a professor of climate dynamics at Scripps Oceanography. ''One relates to how heat moves from the tropics to the poles and the other is associated with the seasonal cycle. None of the relevant previous process modeling studies had included both of these factors, which led them to spuriously identify a tipping point that did not correspond to the real world.''
''Our results show that the basis for a sea ice tipping point doesn't hold up when these additional processes are considered,'' said Wagner. ''In other words, no tipping point is likely to devour what's left of the Arctic summer sea ice. So if global warming does soon melt all the Arctic sea ice, at least we can expect to get it back if we somehow manage to cool the planet back down again.''
'' Robert Monroe
This story appears in explorations now, Scripps Institution of Oceanography's award-winning ocean and earth science magazine. Sign up to receive our free monthly story roundup.
The U.S. government labeled a prominent journalist as a member of Al Qaeda and placed him on a watch list of suspected terrorists, according to a top-secret document that details U.S. intelligence efforts to track Al Qaeda couriers by analyzing metadata.
The briefing singles out Ahmad Muaffaq Zaidan, Al Jazeera's longtime Islamabad bureau chief, as a member of the terrorist group. A Syrian national, Zaidan has focused his reporting throughout his career on the Taliban and Al Qaeda, and has conducted several high-profile interviews with senior Al Qaeda leaders, including Osama bin Laden.
A slide dated June 2012 from a National Security Agency PowerPoint presentation bears his photo, name, and a terror watch list identification number, and labels him a ''member of Al-Qa'ida'' as well as the Muslim Brotherhood. It also notes that he ''works for Al Jazeera.''
The presentation was among the documents provided by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden.
In a brief phone interview with The Intercept, Zaidan ''absolutely'' denied that he is a member of Al Qaeda or the Muslim Brotherhood. In a statement provided through Al Jazeera, Zaidan noted that his career has spanned many years of dangerous work in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and required interviewing key people in the region '-- a normal part of any journalist's job.
''For us to be able to inform the world, we have to be able to freely contact relevant figures in the public discourse, speak with people on the ground, and gather critical information. Any hint of government surveillance that hinders this process is a violation of press freedom and harms the public's right to know,'' he wrote. ''To assert that myself, or any journalist, has any affiliation with any group on account of their contact book, phone call logs, or sources is an absurd distortion of the truth and a complete violation of the profession of journalism.''
A spokesman for Al Jazeera, a global news service funded by the government of Qatar, cited a long list of instances in which its journalists have been targeted by governments on which it reports, and described the labeling and surveillance of Zaidan as ''yet another attempt at using questionable techniques to target our journalists, and in doing so, enforce a gross breach of press freedom.''
The document cites Zaidan as an example to demonstrate the powers of SKYNET, a program that analyzes location and communication data (or ''metadata'') from bulk call records in order to detect suspicious patterns.
In the Terminator movies, SKYNET is a self-aware military computer system that launches a nuclear war to exterminate the human race, and then systematically kills the survivors.
According to the presentation, the NSA uses its version of SKYNET to identify people that it believes move like couriers used by Al Qaeda's senior leadership. The program assessed Zaidan as a likely match, which raises troubling questions about the U.S. government's method of identifying terrorist targets based on metadata.
It appears, however, that Zaidan had already been identified as an Al Qaeda member before he showed up on SKYNET's radar. That he was already assigned a watch list number would seem to indicate that the government had a prior intelligence file on him. The Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment, or TIDE, is a U.S. government database of over one million names suspected of a connection to terrorism, which is shared across the U.S. intelligence community.
The presentation contains no evidence to explain the designation.
Peter Bergen, CNN's national security analyst and author of several books on Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden, told The Intercept, ''I've known [Zaidan] for well over a decade, and he's a first class journalist.''
''He has the contacts and the access that of course no Western journalist has,'' said Bergen. ''But by that standard any journalist who spent time with Al Qaeda would be suspect.'' Bergen himself interviewed bin Laden in 1997.
The NSA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence declined to answer questions about the basis of Zaidan's inclusion on the watch list and alleged Al Qaeda affiliation. The NSA also declined to answer a set of detailed questions about SKYNET, and how it uses the information about the people that it identifies.
What is clear from the presentation is that in the NSA's eyes, Zaidan's movements and calls mirrored those of known Al Qaeda couriers.
According to another 2012 presentation describing SKYNET, the program looks for terrorist connections based on questions such as ''who has traveled from Peshawar to Faisalabad or Lahore (and back) in the past month? Who does the traveler call when he arrives?'' and behaviors such as ''excessive SIM or handset swapping,'' ''incoming calls only,'' ''visits to airports,'' and ''overnight trips.''
That presentation states that the call data is acquired from major Pakistani telecom providers, though it does not specify the technical means by which the data is obtained.
The June 2012 document poses the question: ''Given a handful of courier selectors, can we find others that 'behave similarly''' by analyzing cell phone metadata? ''We are looking for different people using phones in similar ways,'' the presentation continues, and measuring ''pattern of life, social network, and travel behavior.''
For the experiment, the analysts fed 55 million cell phone records from Pakistan into the system, the document states.
The results identified someone who is ''PROB'' '-- which appears to mean probably '-- Zaidan as the ''highest scoring selector'' traveling between Peshawar and Lahore.
The following slide appears to show other top hits, noting that 21 of the top 500 were previously tasked for surveillance, indicating that the program is ''on the right track'' to finding people of interest. A portion of that list visible on the slide includes individuals supposedly affiliated with Al Qaeda and the Taliban, as well as members of Pakistan's spy agency, Inter-Services Intelligence. But sometimes the descriptions are vague. One selector is identified simply as ''Sikh Extremist.''
As other documents from Snowden revealed, drone targets are often identified in part based on metadata analysis and cell phone tracking. Former NSA director Michael Hayden famously put it more bluntly in May 2014, when he said, ''we kill people based on metadata.''
Metadata also played a key role in locating and killing Osama bin Laden. The CIA used cell phone calling patterns to track an Al Qaeda courier and identify bin Laden's hiding place in Pakistan.
Yet U.S. drone strikes have killed many hundreds of civilians and unidentified alleged ''militants'' who may have been marked based on the patterns their cell phones gave up.
People whose work requires contact with extremists and groups that the U.S. government regards as terrorists have long worried that they themselves could look suspicious in metadata analysis.
''Prominent American journalists have interviewed members of blacklisted terrorist groups, including Al Qaeda,'' said Jameel Jaffer, deputy legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union. ''It would surprise me if journalists in Pakistan hadn't done the same. Part of the job of journalists and human rights advocates is to talk to people the government doesn't want them to talk to.''
A History of Targeting Al Jazeera
The U.S. government's surveillance of Zaidan is not the first time that it has linked Al Jazeera or its personnel to Al Qaeda.
During the invasion of Afghanistan, in November 2001, the United States bombed the network's Kabul offices. The Pentagon claimed that it was ''a known al-Qaeda facility.''
That was just the beginning. Sami al-Hajj, an Al Jazeera cameraman, was imprisoned by the U.S. government at Guantanamo for six years before being released in 2008 without ever being charged. He has said he was repeatedly interrogated about Al Jazeera. In 2003, Al Jazeera's financial reporters were barred from the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange for ''security reasons.'' Nasdaq soon followed suit.
During the invasion of Iraq, U.S. forces bombed Al Jazeera's Baghdad offices, killing correspondent Tariq Ayoub. The U.S. insisted it was unintentional, though Al Jazeera had given the Pentagon the coordinates of the building. When American forces laid siege to Fallujah, and Al Jazeera was one of the few news organizations broadcasting from within the city, Bush administration officials accused it of airing propaganda and lies. Al Jazeera's Fallujah correspondent, Ahmed Mansour, reported that his crew had been targeted with tanks, and the house they had stayed in had been bombed by fighter jets.
So great was the suspicion of Al Jazeera's ties to terrorism that Dennis Montgomery, a contractor who had previously tried peddling cheat-detector software to Las Vegas casinos, managed to convince the CIA that he could decode secret Al Qaeda messages from Al Jazeera broadcasts. Those ''codes'' reportedly caused Bush to ground a number of commercial transatlantic flights in December 2003.
But the U.S. government appeared to have somewhat softened its view of the network in the last several years. The Obama administration has criticized Egypt for holding three of Al Jazeera's journalists on charges of aiding the Muslim Brotherhood. During the height of the 2011 Arab Spring, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised the network's coverage, saying, ''Viewership of Al Jazeera is going up in the United States because it's real news.''
A Journalist and Al Qaeda
Zaidan first came to international prominence after the 9/11 attacks because of his access to senior Al Qaeda leadership. Zaidan wrote an Arabic-language book on bin Laden, and interviewed him in person multiple times.
''He covered the wedding of bin Laden's son which was shortly after the [U.S.S.] Cole attack, and I think it was a very useful piece of journalism, because bin Laden declaimed a poem about the Cole which implied him taking responsibility for the attacks, which of course he later did,'' said Bergen.
Zaidan also received a number of bin Laden's taped messages to Americans, which were broadcast on Al Jazeera.
In 2002, he met a mysterious man with a ''half-covered face,'' who handed him a cassette tape with bin Laden's voice, Zaidan told Bergen in an interview. In 2004, another bin Laden tape was dropped off at the office gate, Zaidan told the Associated Press. ''The guard brought it to me along with other mail. It was in an envelope, I opened it and it was a big scoop,'' Zaidan recounted.
Zaidan, right, in a 2011 Al Jazeera documentary he made about bin Laden.
Files collected from bin Laden's Abbottabad compound after his death '-- a portion of which were released this year '-- indicate that Al Qaeda members viewed Zaidan as a journalist they felt comfortable dealing with.In an August 2010 missive, discussing Zaidan's plans for a documentary, bin Laden directs his deputies to get ''brother Ahmad Zaydan's'' questions and ''tell him it would be good if it was on the tenth anniversary of September Eleventh.'' Any other input should come in ''an indirect way,'' bin Laden cautions. ''If we want this program to be a success, then we should not get involved in the details of how it is run, except that I don't want him to interview any of my family,'' he wrote.
Zaidan released his documentary on Al Jazeera in December 2011, an oral history of bin Laden's years in Pakistan and Afghanistan comprised of interviews with a range of people who had known him, including Taliban fighters, government officials, and many journalists.
Bin Laden had also grown paranoid about meetings with Zaidan, although he did not think the U.S. government had managed to kill anyone ''from surveying Ahmad Zaydan,'' he wrote in May 2010.
He continued, ''keep in mind, the possibility, though remote, that the journalists may be involuntarily monitored in a way that we or they do not know about, either on ground or by satellite, especially Ahmad Zaydan of Al Jazeera, and it is possible that a tracking chip could be put into some of their personal effects before coming to the meeting place.''
Zaidan is still Al Jazeera's Islamabad bureau chief, and has also reported from Syria and Yemen in recent years. Al Jazeera vigorously defended his reporting. ''Our commitment to our audiences is to gain access to authentic, raw, unfiltered information from key sources and present it in an honest and responsible way.'' They added that, ''our journalists continue to be targeted and stigmatized by governments,'' even though ''Al Jazeera is not the first channel that has met with controversial figures such as bin Laden and others '-- prominent western media outlets were among the first to do so.''
Disclosure: As freelancers, Cora Currier wrote an article for Al Jazeera America and Andrew Fishman field produced segments for Al Jazeera English's ''The Listening Post.'' Glenn Greenwald was a paid studio guest of Al Jazeera's in Doha on the night of the 2012 U.S. presidential election.
'--'--'--
Documents published with this article:
* The Intercept had redacted the documents to protect the privacy of individuals.
FBI crime scene investigators document evidence outside the Curtis Culwell Center on Monday in Garland, Texas. Adm. Bill Gortney, commander of U.S. Northern Command, raised military installations' force protection level to "Bravo" on Friday, in the awake of the event.(Photo: Ben Torres/Getty Images)
WASHINGTON '-- The US military has bolstered security at bases across the country as a precaution after the FBI voiced concern that Islamist extremists could target troops or police officers, officials said Friday.
The head of US Northern Command, Admiral William Gortney, ordered the heightened alert to make sure troops have a "greater awareness and vigilance out in the field" for potential security risks, a defense official told AFP.
"We want to make sure they're taking extra care guarding installations and our people," said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
The move raised the official alert status one notch higher on a five-point scale, from the fourth level "Alpha" to the third level "Bravo," which the military describes as an "increased and predictable threat of terrorism."
Officials said most of the additional security measures would likely not be readily apparent to the public, apart from perhaps more bags being searched at base entrances.
The move came after two men attempted to storm an exhibition on Sunday showing caricatures of the Prophet Mohammed in a Dallas suburb. The two heavily-armed gunmen were shot dead by a local police officer before they could approach the building where the event was being held.
Pentagon chief Ashton Carter said Thursday the two assailants had been "inspired" '-- but not directed '-- by the Islamic State group to stage the failed attack.
FBI Director James Comey reportedly said on Thursday authorities were concerned about the IS encouraging attacks on "the uniformed military and law enforcement" via online propaganda.
There are "hundreds, maybe thousands" of people in the United States who had received recruitment messages from the jihadists, Comey said.
The risk posed by IS-inspired homegrown militants was "a factor in the decision" to raise the security level but not the only factor, defense officials said.
The FBI chief's comments echoed warnings from lawmakers and experts Thursday who said the IS group's social media efforts are carried out on a vast scale and at a tempo that Western governments are unable to keep up with.
The IS has 2,000 people tweeting for the group 150 times a day, according to J.M. Berger, an author and fellow at the Brookings Institution think tank.
The group's innovative and aggressive approach online has given it "an unprecedented level of success" compared to other extremist organizations, said Berger, who has tracked IS activity in social media.
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Nicholas Mears "Nick" Loeb (born August 2, 1975) is an American businessman, son of John Langeloth Loeb, Jr., and scion of both the Loeb family (founders of the brokerage firm Loeb, Rhoades & Co.) and Lehman family (founders of the global financial services firm Lehman Brothers).
Early life and education[edit]Nick Loeb is the son of John Langeloth Loeb, Jr. and his second wife, Meta Martindell Harrsen.[1][2][3] His father is a former United States Ambassador to Denmark (1981''1983) and served as a Delegate to the United Nations (1984). His father was Jewish and his mother an Episcopalian, the faith into which he was baptized.[4][5] He has one half-sister from his father's first marriage to Nina Sundby, Alexandra Loeb Driscoll.[2] His uncle was billionaire Canadian businessman Edgar Bronfman, Sr. (who was married to his father's sister).[3] His parents divorced when he was one year old and he was raised by his father on the Upper East Side of New York City[3] where he attended the Collegiate School and Loomis Chaffee School.[1] He also spent three years in Denmark where his father was posted.[1] In 1996, his mother killed her third husband, Jeff Bauer, and then killed herself.[3][6][7] In 1998,[8] Loeb graduated with a B.A. in management and finance from Tulane University.[3]
Career and political activities[edit]After college, he worked for Mike Nichols on the film Primary Colors at his uncle's studio Universal Studios[1][3] and then produced and had a featured role in a movie called The Smokers starring Dominique Swain, Thora Birch, and Busy Phillips.[1][9] He was also a producer (along with Barbra Streisand) for the documentary PBS series The Living Century.[10] He moved to Florida and worked with Lehman Brothers and later founded Carbon Solutions America, which provides climate change advisory services to corporate and government clients.[8] Here, he helped to produce the country's first carbon neutral wine.[11]
In 2005, Loeb lost the Delray Beach, Florida city commission race.[12] In 2008, he served as finance co-chairman for Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential run.[1] In 2009, running as a Republican with the support of Giuliani,[13] he abandoned a state Senate campaign because he was going through a divorce from his first wife[12][14] who had just been arrested for a DUI.[13] He used his own money to compensate all the contributors to his campaign.[13] In 2011, Loeb decided against running for the United States Senate due to health issues stemming from severe injuries incurred in a car accident in 2010.[12][15][16][17][18] Loeb describes himself as a "Teddy Roosevelt Republican."[19]
In 2006 he formed Loeb's Foods[8] and in April 2011, he founded the Crunchy Condiment Company,[1] which sells Onion Crunch, a fried onion topping,[8][20][21] with products being sold in over 17,000 locations.[1]
Personal life[edit]Loeb was married to Swedish model Anna Pettersson but they later divorced.[9] Loeb was engaged to Modern Family star Sofa Vergara.[22][23][24] On May 23, 2014, the engagement was called off.[25]
Embryo controversy[edit]On April 29, 2015, The New York Times published an op-ed written by Loeb in which he argued that he should be allowed to unilaterally use the frozen embryos he created via in-vitro fertilization with Vergara, despite having previously signed an agreement stipulating that nothing could be done to the embryos without the consent of both of them stating "Give them the right to live."[26][27][28][29] Vergara's attorney has stated that Vergara wants the embryos to remain frozen.[30] Loeb argues that the agreement - which did not expressly state what would happen to the embryos if the couple separated, a requirement under California law - should be voided.[31]
References[edit]^ abcdefghNew York Times: "Nicholas Loeb: Forget All the Rest, He's Mr. Condiment" By GEORGE GURLEY October 18, 2013^ abAmbassador Loeb website: Family retrieved July 16, 2013^ abcdefNew York Post: "Poor Little Rich Boy - Filmmaker Nicholas Loeb Is From One Of N.Y.'s Wealthiest Families, But Money Can't Buy Happiness" by Hallie Levine August 19, 1999^USA Today: "Sofia Vergara's ex explains embryo battle" by Ann Oldenburg and Maria Puente April 30, 2015^"Luke Ford interview with Producer Nicholas Loeb" February 26, 2002 | "I'm only half Jewish. My father is Jewish."^The Westfield Record: "Leader Publisher Slain in Office" March 7, 1996^New York Times: "Newspaper Publisher's Wife Kills Him, and Then Herself" By DAVID STOUT March 05, 1996^ abcdNick Loeb.com retrieved July 16, 2013^ abDaily beat: "Sofia Vergara's Fianc(C), Nicholas Loeb, Just Can't Catch A Break" by Tricia Romano January 8, 2013^Ocean Drive Magazine: "Getting to Know Nick Loeb" by Jason Jeffers October 28, 2011^Sonoma-Loeb website: "Nick Loeb, Vice President Sales & Marketing" retrieved December 30, 2013^ abcPalm Beach Post: "Delray Beacher Nick Loeb says he's still weighing whether he'll enter Senate race" By George Bennett January 23, 2011^ abcPalm Beach Post: "Stung by divorce, Nick Loeb dropping state Senate bid and pledging full refund to contributors" by George Bennett October 13, 2009^Miami Herald: "This time, Sofia Vergara's boyfriend might really, really run for US Senate" Marc Caputo November 16, 2011^Broward Beat: "Former Senate Candidate Nick Loeb In Serious Accident" BY BUDDY NEVINS 2010^Fox News: "Sofia Vergara's Boyfriend Nick Loeb to Announce Senate Candidacy" by Alexandra Gratereaux November 17, 2011^Miami Herald: "Sorry, gawkers: Sofia Vergara's bf won't run for U.S. Senate. What about State Sen.?" by Marc Caputo November 17, 2011^Broward Sun Sentinel: "Nick Loeb won't seek U.S. Senate nomination" By Anthony Man November 17, 2011^NBC Miami: "Sofia Vergara's Boyfriend Nick Loeb Not Running for Senate - Republican businessman, beau of "Modern Family" star said he isn't entering race" By Brian Hamacher and Lisa Orkin Emmanuel November 17, 2011^Huffington Post: "Onion Crunch: Nick Loeb's Crispy Condiment Is Actually Great" May 15, 2010^Wall Street Journal: "A New Condiment for the Modern Family" By Marshall Heyman January 13, 2012^"Sofia Vergara gets engaged". 11 July 2012. ^"Sofia Vergara, Nick Loeb Engaged". Us Weekly. Retrieved July 10, 2012. ^"Sofia Vergara Engaged, Shows Off Ring During Birthday Celebration". uk.eonline.com. Retrieved July 10, 2012. ^"Sofia Vergara splits from fiance". Toronto Sun. 24 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014. ^New York Times: "Sofa Vergara's Ex-Fianc(C): Our Frozen Embryos Have a Right to Live" By NICK LOEB APRIL 29, 2015^CNN: "Sofia Vergara's ex Nick Loeb speaks out about frozen embryos dispute" By Faith Karimi May 7, 2015^The Independent: "Sofia Vergara's ex Nick Loeb writes open letter for the right to use frozen embryos against her wishes saying: 'Give them right to live'" by HELEN NIANIAS 30 April 2015^Jewish Business News: "Nick Loeb Sparks Controversy By Exposing Ex-Fiancee Vergara's Reproductive Choices" May 3, 2015^"Sofia Vergara Responds to Nick Loeb's Lawsuit : People.com". PEOPLE.com. ^ABC WJLA: "Vergara's ex-fianc(C)'s plea to save embryos stirs debate" May 1, 2015External links[edit]PersondataNameLoeb, NicholasAlternative namesShort descriptionBusinessmanDate of birthAugust 2, 1975Place of birthUnited StatesDate of deathPlace of death
Sofa Vergara's Ex-Fianc(C): Our Frozen Embryos Have a Right to Live - NYTimes.com
PhotoCredit Eleanor TaylorDELRAY BEACH, Fla. '-- LAST August, I filed a complaint in Santa Monica, Calif., using pseudonyms, to protect two frozen embryos I created with my former fianc(C)e. I wanted to keep this private, but recently the story broke to the world. It has gotten attention not only because of the people involved '-- my ex is Sofa Vergara, who stars in the ABC series ''Modern Family'' '-- but also because embryonic custody disputes raise important questions about life, religion and parenthood.
When we create embryos for the purpose of life, should we not define them as life, rather than as property? Does one person's desire to avoid biological parenthood (free of any legal obligations) outweigh another's religious beliefs in the sanctity of life and desire to be a parent? A woman is entitled to bring a pregnancy to term even if the man objects. Shouldn't a man who is willing to take on all parental responsibilities be similarly entitled to bring his embryos to term even if the woman objects? These are issues that, unlike abortion, have nothing to do with the rights over one's own body, and everything to do with a parent's right to protect the life of his or her unborn child.
In 2013, Sofa and I agreed to try to use in vitro fertilization and a surrogate to have children. We signed a form stating that any embryos created through the process could be brought to term only with both parties' consent. The form did not specify '-- as California law requires '-- what would happen if we separated. I am asking to have it voided.
My lawyers have identified 10 other cases in the United States in which a parent tried to have a fertilized, frozen embryo taken to term against the wishes of an opposing parent. In eight of those cases, the parent seeking custody lost. In the other two cases, one in Pennsylvania and one in Illinois, a woman was awarded custody of fertilized embryos over the man's objections. In both cases, the woman had undergone chemotherapy treatment and the embryos were her last chance to have a biological child; judges ruled that the woman's interest in becoming a parent outweighed the man's interest in not becoming a parent. In the Illinois case (now on appeal), the judge found that the form the couple signed was not the binding contract, and instead enforced a verbal promise the man made to help the woman have children.
Many have asked me: Why not just move on and have a family of your own? I have every intention of doing so. But that doesn't mean I should let the two lives I have already created be destroyed or sit in a freezer until the end of time.
For as long as I can remember, I have dreamed of being a parent. I was only a year old when my parents divorced. My father gained custody, and my mother virtually disappeared from my life. I did not see her again until I was 9, and she died when I was 20. This made me yearn for the type of family based on the images one might see in a Norman Rockwell painting.
My father, whom l love, worked as a financier, philanthropist and diplomat. He was not around much, as work and travel left little time for parenting. It fell to my Irish Catholic nanny, Renee, to raise me. Although my father is Jewish and I was baptized Episcopalian, in my mother's faith, I spent more time going to Catholic Mass with Renee as a child than being influenced by any other religion.
When I was in my 20s, I had a girlfriend who had an abortion, and the decision was entirely out of my hands. Ever since, I have dreamed about a boy at the age he would be now. Later, I was married for four years to a woman with whom I tried to have children, with help from a fertility specialist. The difficulties we had made me feel, more than ever, that the ability to create life was special. When she left me, as I was running for a seat in the Florida State Senate, my dreams of a family were shattered.
Shortly after, in 2010, I met Sofa. Her career was about to take off, and I didn't want to pressure her, as I wanted her to fulfill her dreams and reap the rewards of her hard work. But about six months into our relationship, I was in a terrible car accident. My pelvis was fractured in five places. For six months, I couldn't walk on my own. I saw how life could change in the blink of an eye.
When we got engaged, in 2012, I began to push for children. As I said in my complaint, my fianc(C)e insisted that we use a surrogate. With her eggs and my sperm we created two female embryos. I was so excited once the lives were created that I began to suggest names we could call our girls. The first embryo we implanted didn't take. The second time, the surrogate miscarried, and I felt crushed.
A year later, we tried again, creating two more embryos, both female. But as we began to discuss other potential surrogates, it became clear once more that parenthood was much less urgent for her than it was for me. We had been together for over four years. As I was coming on 40, I gave her an ultimatum. When she refused, we split up.
A few months later, I asked her to let me have the embryos, offering to pay for all expenses to carry our girls to term and raise them. If she did not wish to share custody, I would take on full parenting responsibilities and agree to have her declared an egg donor. She has refused. Her lawyer, Fred Silberberg, has told reporters that she wants to keep the embryos ''frozen indefinitely.'' In my view, keeping them frozen forever is tantamount to killing them.
This month, Renee, the woman who was essentially my mother, passed away. I had imagined that she would be alive to see my children and play with them. I pray that it won't be too late for my father, who will be 85 in May, to see his grandchildren.
I take the responsibility and obligation of being a parent very seriously. This is not just about saving lives; it is also about being pro-parent.
Nick Loeb is a businessman.
A version of this op-ed appears in print on April 30, 2015, on page A31 of the New York edition with the headline: Frozen Embryos Have a Right to Live.
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Je Suis Charlie
Norway ends blasphemy law after Hebdo attack - Norway's news in English
Norway has scrapped its longstanding blasphemy law, meaning it is now legal to mock the beliefs of others, in a direct response to January's brutal attack on the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.
The proposal to rush through the change was made in February by Conservative MP Anders B. Werp and Progress Party MP Jan Arild Ellingsen, who argued that the law ''underpins a perception that religious expressions and symbols are entitled to a special protection''.
''This is very unfortunate signal to send, and it is time that society clearly stands up for freedom of speech,'' the two wrote in their proposal.
Norway's parliament first voted to scrap the blasphemy law back in 2009, against strong opposition from the Christian Democrat party. But the move has yet to come into force because the country's new penal code remains delayed by problems updating the computer systems used by police and prosecutors.
The decision to push through the change was attacked as ''cultural suicide'' by Finn Jarle S...le, editor of the Norwegian Christian weekly, Norge IDAG.
But the change will be largely symbolic.
The last time anyone was tried for blasphemy in Norway was back in 1933, when the writer Arnulf Overland was prosecuted for giving a lecture titled "Christianity, the tenth plague" to the Norwegian Students' Society. He was acquitted.
The last time anyone was actually convicted was in 1912, when the journalist Arnfred Olsen was taken to court for an article criticising Christianity in the radical magazine Freethinkers.
EuroLand
Europe braces for David Cameron's EU demands after Tory election win
PM receives congratulations from European centre-right leaders but German paper says Tory victory is bad news for Europe
The rest of Europe rubbed its eyes in astonishment at the stunning UK election outcome and braced itself for two years of gruelling negotiations over Britain's future in the European Union.
Following 18 months of shadow-boxing and what senior diplomats in Brussels called the ''phoney war'' over David Cameron's EU referendum gamble, the prime minister's second-term mandate clears the air. He will now have to come clean on what concessions he hopes to win from the rest of the EU in order to keep Britain in the union.
''The ball is very much in the court of the UK now,'' said a senior EU official. ''It's up to the British to define what they want.''
Cameron will have his first opportunity to sound out his fellow EU leaders in two weeks' time when a special EU summit takes place in Latvia. But the expectation in EU capitals is that the prime minister will unfold his shopping list at a Brussels summit on 21 June.
''He will set out his strategy and demands for the referendum negotiations,'' said a second senior EU official.
Angela Merkel, who fervently wants to keep the UK in the EU but is unwilling to make major concessions to facilitate that, will be central to the negotiations. Opinion in Germany was split on the implications for Europe of the Conservative triumph.
Der Spiegel described the Tory victory as ''bad news for Europe'' but predicted that Cameron would be a weak second-term prime minister held to ransom on Europe by his own Europhobic backbenchers.
''Cameron will be even more susceptible to blackmail from within his own party than he has been in the last five years,'' it wrote.
The conservative Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung took the opposite tack. ''The European partners can be sure that Cameron will come into these negotiations with renewed self-confidence. He will demand concessions,'' it said. ''What will the German chancellor, who wants to keep Britain in the EU, offer him? How far will she go to meet him?''
Full article:Europe braces for David Cameron's EU demands after Tory election win (The Guardian)
(This post is from our new blog: Unofficial Sources.)In a little-noticed brief filed last summer, lawyers for the House of Representatives claimed that an SEC investigation of congressional insider trading should be blocked on principle, because lawmakers and their staff are constitutionally protected from such inquiries given the nature of their work.
The legal team led by Kerry W. Kircher, who was appointed House General Counsel by Speaker John Boehner in 2011, claimed that the insider trading probe violated the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branch.
In 2012, members of Congress patted themselves on the back for passing the STOCK Act, a bill meant to curb insider trading for lawmakers and their staff. ''We all know that Washington is broken and today members of both parties took a big step forward to fix it,'' said Rep. Bill Johnson, R-Ohio, upon passage of the law.
But as the Securities and Exchange Commission made news with the first major investigation of political insider trading, Congress moved to block the inquiry.
The SEC investigation focused on how Brian Sutter, then a staffer for the House Ways and Means Committee, allegedly passed along information about an upcoming Medicare decision to a lobbyist, who then shared the tip with other firms. Leading hedge funds used the insider tip to trade on health insurance stocks that were affected by the soon-to-be announced Medicare decision.
Calling the SEC's inquiry a ''remarkable fishing expedition for congressional records,'' Kircher and his team claimed that the SEC had no business issuing a subpoena to Sutter. ''Communications with lobbyists, of course, are a normal and routine part of Committee information-gathering,'' the brief continued, arguing that there ''is no room for the SEC to inquire into the Committee's or Mr. Sutter's purpose or motives.''
Wall Street investors routinely hire specialized ''political intelligence'' lobbyists in Washington to get insider knowledge of major government decisions so that they may make trades using the information. But little is known about the mechanics of political intelligence lobbying, which falls outside the scope of traditional lobbying law, and therefore does not show up in mandatory lobbying disclosure reports.
There are occasional hints, though.
Personal finance forms reveal that from July of 2011 through May of 2013, David Berteau served as a consultant to Height Analytics, the political intelligence firm at the center of the SEC's current probe. At the time of his work for Height Analytics, Berteau simultaneously worked as a vice president at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a prominent think tank in Washington. Berteau is now the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.
Congressional travel forms show that on December 12, 2012, Emily Porter, at the time an employee of Boehner's office, traveled to New York on a sponsored trip to meet with JNK Securities for a group lunch with business clients. According to the Wall Street Journal, JNK ''has emerged as one of the most aggressive'' political intelligence firms on Capitol Hill.
This is hardly the first time Congress has moved to undermine its own ethics rules. In 2011, congressional Republicans quickly abandoned their promise to post the text of bills online ''for at least three days'' before voting on them.
Photo: Mark Wilson/Getty Images
WTC7
American Institute of Architects to reconsider WTC 7 Collapse (Includes interview)
The 47-story building, that formerly stood in the shadow of the North Tower, fell fairly neatly into its own footprint at about 5:20 PM on that tragic day. Other buildings in the World Trade Center complex were severely damaged by falling debris from the Towers and remained standing. But Building 7, not damaged as significantly as other buildings, suffered a sudden total collapse, which was captured on a number of videos.A government investigation into the extraordinary demise of ''Building 7'' was undertaken by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the agency responsible for helping set building industry safety standards. The NIST report, published in 2008, concluded that floor beams, heated by fires fueled by office furnishings, expanded to such an extent that they pushed a girder off its seat, causing a cascade of floors that left a key column laterally unsupported for several floors, which then caused the column to buckle. The report claims that this column's buckling then brought down the entire structure in seconds.WTC7.net
As catastrophic as these results were, NIST made no recommendations to retrofit hundreds of existing similarly constructed buildings to prevent them from suffering similar fates in the case of normal office fires.Fifty-five AIA members who have proposed the resolution argue that, if office fires caused this kind of damage to a steel frame building, we need to be concerned about the safety of the people working and living in these kinds of buildings. Although NIST claims "more than 20 changes in the U.S. model building and fire codes have already been adopted based on the findings and recommendations from the investigation," the concerned AIA members point out that very few of NIST's recommendations that have been implemented relate to structural integrity in general, and none relate to the type of failure NIST says caused WTC 7 to collapse.In an interview with Digital Journal, Daniel Barnum, FAIA, lead sponsor of the resolution, explained that his fellow AIA members and he have studied the NIST report and they do not feel confident about its conclusions or its methods. The petitioners urge AIA to take a strong position with regard to this unusual collapse and call for further investigation'--so that recommendations can be made and implemented for retrofitting'--or, if NIST's findings cannot be verified by further analysis, look for other possible causes of failure.Other possible causesThe NIST report found that the collapse was not due to damage from falling debris from the North Tower: ''Even without the structural damage, WTC 7 would have collapsed from fires. '' NIST also found that the fires were fueled by office furnishings, not by diesel fuel tanks in the building that were used to power generators. Although NIST did not test dust samples for explosive residue or evidence of incendiaries (see NIST letter and August 21, 2008 public review), they did consider the numerous reports from witnesses of loud explosions prior to the three collapse events. Their investigation discovered that in no case were these explosions loud enough to indicate conventional percussive explosives. However, none of the WTC collapse event investigations considered how loud incendiary demolition mechanisms might be.Error found in draft, not fully addressed in final reportAccording to Barnum, the NIST report had originally recorded the collapse time at 40 percent slower than free fall, however, after public review, it was noted that an error had been made and the building had in fact been in free fall for about 100 feet, over a period of approximately 2.5 seconds. NIST's lead investigator Shyam Sunder acknowledged that free fall would indicate that the falling building floors had no structural components below them to offer resistance. Free fall only occurs when all supports on one or several floors are removed simultaneously. After making this correction to the collapse time, NIST did not revise the report to explain how free fall could occur in a ''progressive collapse,'' where one column failure leads to another and another in an extended sequence, not simultaneously.Furthermore, notes Barnum, NIST has refused to release the input data for their computer model of the collapse, which they claim shows how a single column failure could appear to result in total symmetrical collapse. Without that input data, building professionals cannot confirm that the model is accurate.The AIA resolution proposed for the convention states that building failure of this kind must be investigated ''using the highest standards of science-based investigation'...in order to provide accurate and meaningful information in the development of model building codes.'' The Resolution further proposes the following revision to the AIA's Construction Industry Regulation Public Policy:''investigations should: Consider all available data; Consider hypotheses that most readily explain the available data; Test those hypotheses and analyze the results without bias; and Provide for external review and replication by making all data available.''Current reevaluations of several other 9/11 investigationsThe AIA proposition comes at a time of renewed interest in reopening several other 9/11 investigations.Currently Representative Walter Jones (R, NC-3) and Representative Stephen Lynch (D, MA-8) are sponsoring a bill, HR 14, to declassify 28 pages that were excised by then President Bush from the "Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001'" Former Senator Robert Graham, (D-FL), who was chair of the Joint Inquiry, and a group of 9/11 families have been demanding the release of this information since 2003. It is believed that the 28 pages indicate that certain members the Saudi Royal family had a major role in funding the terrorist operation and that the excised pages also implicate certain U.S. government agencies in covering up these connections.In February of this year, Ralph Lopez reported in Digital Journal on the growing awareness in the media of connections between Saudi nationals and Ptech, a company that made the security software used on 9/11 by virtually every key U.S. government agency. These agencies include the Department of Defense, the CIA, the White House, and the Federal Aviation Administration, among many others, according to former JP Morgan IT professional and whistleblower Indira Singh. The Wall Street Journal reported that Ptech's top investor Yassin al-Kadi was listed by the US government as a global terrorist for his support of al-Qaeda at the time of the attacks. Supporters of the bill to release the 28 pages hope that it will provide more information about Ptech software's possible role in the 9/11 tragedy. In a lengthy interview with The Real News, Senator Graham made it clear that he believes the release of the excised 28 pages is vital to national security.EPA whistleblower Cate Jenkins, who was fired after reporting that EPA investigators had provided false data with regard to toxicity of WTC dust samples, was exonerated this week by a US Department of Labor judge, who noted that in attempting to cover up the incident the EPA committed a ''fraud on the Court.'' In 2001, EPA investigators falsely reported that the WTC dust did not pose a serious health threat to first responders, which led to nearly 1,000 deaths and many more illnesses.FBI whistleblower, Richard Lambert reported to the New York Times earlier this month that the investigation into the 9/11 anthrax attacks that killed five people was improperly handled. He stated that Bruce Ivins, the accused perpetrator, who was found dead in an apparent suicide, would not have been convicted had the case gone to court. The investigation found that the anthrax incident was an "inside job" made to seem as if perpetrated by Jihadists, but according to Lambert, the accused could not have played more than a minor role and further investigation is needed.Senator Graham, Dr. Jenkins, and Mr. Lambert have persevered these fourteen years in their desire to inform the public and to hold the government accountable when it does not conduct proper or adequate investigations. Likewise AIA member Dan Barnum says it is up to building professionals to take a strong stand in support of reopening this investigation to determine if NIST's investigation, like other 9/11 investigations that were underfunded, rushed or mishandled, might be inaccurate in its findings and in need of reevaluation. ''It seems to me," said Barnum, "that for the AIA to not support a true investigation means that they are more concerned about politics than they are for professionalism, and that is irresponsible and unethical.''Victoria N. Alexander is the author ofLocus Amoenus, a political satire/tragedy about a 9/11 widow, her son Hamlet, his conspiracy theorist friend Horatio and his new stepfather Claudius, an incompetent bureaucrat who works for NIST.
Japan Emojis
Dame Astrid, Duchess of Japan Explains
While you thought that President Obama's greeting of Prime Minister Abe regarding manga, anime and emoji was insulting, let me assure you that it is quite common in Japan to have whole conversations about inoffensive platitudes just to avoid any controversy whatsoever.
Therefore, it was a very suitable and smooth way to welcome PM Abe, who I would not be surprised feels quite proud about his country 'gross national cool'.
Besides, a cute emoji just takes the edge off anything you say:
'We should bomb them, bomb them, bomb them'💥💥💥
Amen👊clapp hands👍
Dame astrid
Duchess of Japan
smiles 😎
Japanese people having whole conversations about nothing is somewhat similar to Brits talking about the weather...☔️⛅️
smiles
Drone Nation
Djibouti: China 'Negotiates Military Base' in Djibouti
China is negotiating a military base in a strategic port of Djibouti, the president said, according to the AFP news agency.
The move raises the prospect of US and Chinese bases side-by-side in the tiny Horn of Africa nation.
"Discussions are ongoing," President Ismail Omar Guelleh said in an interview in Djibouti, saying Beijing's presence would be "welcome".
The AFP did not say when the interview was conducted.
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Malawi: China Donates MK270 Million to DODMA
South Africa: French Ref for Boks V All Blacks
Djibouti is already home to Camp Lemonnier, the US military headquarters on the continent, used for covert, anti-terror and other operations in Yemen, Somalia and elsewhere across Africa.
France and Japan also have bases in the port, a former French colony that guards the entrance to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, and which has been used by European and other international navies as a base in the fight against piracy from neighbouring Somalia.
China is already financing several major infrastructure projects estimated to total more than $9bn, including improved ports, airports and railway lines to landlocked Ethiopia, for which Djibouti is a lifeline port.
"France's presence is old, and the Americans found that the position of Djibouti could help in the fight against terrorism in the region," Guelleh said.
"The Japanese want to protect themselves from piracy - and now the Chinese also want to protect their interests, and they are welcome," he said.
Djibouti overseas the narrow Bab al-Mandeb straits, the channel separating Africa from Arabia and one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, leading into the Red Sea and northwards to the Mediterranean.
Djibouti and Beijing signed a military agreement allowing the Chinese navy to use Djibouti port in February 2014, a move that angered Washington.
China aims to install a permanent military base in Obock, Djibouti's northern port city.
In recent years, Guelleh has increasingly turned to China as a key economic partner. Last year he switched the port operating contract to a Chinese company, after the previous Dubai-based operator was accused of corruption.
A thousand veterans are attending a service of thanksgiving at Westminster Abbey on Sunday to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of World War Two in Europe.
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles, and the Duchess of Cornwall are due to attend to remember the millions of lives lost during the six years of war.
Lizo Mzimba reports.
VIDEO-Real Time with Bill Maher: Overtime Overseas '' May 1, 2015 (HBO) - YouTube
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VIDEO-BREAKING: Pentagon Responds to JADE HELM - YouTube
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VIDEO-London Mass Action Against The Torys 09/05/14 #ONN #OLSX #ToryHQ #London ( @TheSilentAnon @OccupyNN ) | thesilentanon | Bambuser
[More in the cross-post on the MRC's NewsBusters blog.]
On the 7 May 2015 edition of CNN's New Day, Alisyn Camerota hounded Nick Loeb, actress Sofia Vergara's ex-fianc(C), for his lawsuit to gain custody of the two embryos he created with Vegara. Camerota underlined that "not everyone believes that embryos are lives. Why do you believe that you've already created a life?" She later touted how "there are people, though, who question your motives, and who question what you're doing."
VIDEO-NBC's Kotb Hounds Sofia Vergara's Ex-Fianc(C) For Defending Unborn Kids | MRCTV
[More in the cross-post on the MRC's NewsBusters blog.]
On the 7 May 2015 edition of NBC's Today, Hoda Kotb hounded Nick Loeb, actress Sofia Vergara's ex-fianc(C), for his lawsuit to gain custody of the two embryos he created with Vegara. Kotb led her interview by asking, "You each signed an agreement saying neither of you would bring this embryo to term without the other's consent. I mean, it sort of seems like a dead issue at this point. Is it?"
VIDEO-MSNBC Terrorism Expert Kohlmann Indirectly Compares Pam Geller to Nazis By Invoking Reichstag Fire | MRCTV
Read more at NewsBusters | MSNBC terrorism expert Evan Kohlmann insisted on tonight's Hardball program that Pam Gellar was dangerously close to committing "hate crimes" with her "draw Muhammad" events. Kohlmann also compared the Jewish co-founder of the American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI) to the Nazis by way of invoking the Reichstag fire that the Nazis set as in February 1933 as a pretext to seizing power. For his part, host Chris Matthews failed to rebuke Kohlmann for his incendiary comparison.
VIDEO-NBC Doc Who Helped Obama Push Climate Change Blames it for Allergies | MRCTV
More in the cross-post on the MRC's NewsBusters blog.
Appearing on Friday's NBC Today to discuss the particularly bad spring allergy season, medical contributor Dr. Natalie Azar managed to work a top liberal agenda item into her analysis of the health issue: "It's a terrible allergy season. A couple reasons. One is that we had a really late winter....Another reason is climate change raises carbon dioxide levels, really contributes to the pollen."
Back in April, Azar was one of three network correspondents who helped President Obama push global warming propaganda in a series of softball interviews. Azar teed up Obama: "What do you say to the people who deny that climate change is real and that it's impacting our health?" All three of the segments touted the President's argument that his daughter Malia's asthma was caused by climate change.
VIDEO-DR. CHRIS SHAW: ALUMINUM IN THE BODY - ONE MORE GIRL EXCERPTS - YouTube
(This post is from our new blog: Unofficial Sources.)
Earlier this week, The Intercept published an extensive investigation by Ryan Devereaux into the abduction and likely murder of 43 students in Iguala in southern Mexico last year. Be sure to check out Part I and Part II, as well as a photo essay by Keith Dannemiller. In addition, today The Intercept posted a follow-up investigation by Cora Currier and Jesse Franzblau into the complicity of the U.S. in Mexican government and cartel violence. According to a relative of a survivor of the Iguala abduction, Obama ''should consider if a life is more important than a political and economic agreement on weapons with Mexico, because these weapons are being used to kill students in Mexico.''
The students' disappearance has generated enormous protests across Mexico '-- because, as the father of two sons seized in a separate 2008 abduction says, ''It is not 43. It is thousands.'' Since 2006, Mexico's national government has been waging what it calls a war on drugs, but which could be more accurately termed a war between different drug cartels for control of the government at all levels. Whatever it is, it's been spectacularly brutal and cruel, with more than 100,000 Mexicans dead and at least 22,000 missing. And the U.S. shares responsibility, having provided the Mexican government with billions of dollars in military equipment and training.
The abduction took place on September 26, 2014 when over 100 students from Ayotzinapa, a largely indigenous teacher's college whose graduates often become activists, traveled to Iguala on several commandeered buses. As they drove slowly through heavy traffic, municipal police first tried to block their way and then opened fire, wounding one student. Then in a bizarre, complicated melee lasting several hours, six students and bystanders were killed, and 43 students were loaded into police patrol trucks and have never been seen again.
Why were the students stopped? Who gave the order? And what happened to the 43 disappeared?
Mexico's attorney general at the time, Jesºs Murillo Karam, blamed the mayor of Iguala and his wife, both of whom were deeply implicated in drug trade (the mayor's wife, who was apparently hoping to succeed him, was the sister of two cartel members who reportedly supervised 200 contract killers). The local police seized the students at the mayor's behest, then handed them over to the Guerreros Unidos gang, said Murillo Karam, which murdered them and incinerated their corpses. And according to the official story, that's as high as it went, with no involvement by or responsibility for the army or other officials.
That would be extremely convenient for Mexico's national government, if it were true. It's almost certainly not. Devereaux draws from sealed files from the attorney general's office, dozens of interviews (including with surviving students), the communication records of Mexican security forces and courageous investigative reporting by Mexican journalists to uncover why the slogan of protestors has become: Fue el estado. It was the state.
Read it all, and then watch Devereaux discussing his investigation on Democracy Now!:
Photo of flames from vehicle during protest at military zone in Chilpancingo: Edgar de Jesus Espinoza/Xinhua/Landov
VIDEO-State Dept Spox Grilled after Admitting 'No Intention' of Examining Undisclosed Clinton Donors - YouTube
(This post is from our new blog: Unofficial Sources.)
Lawmakers despairing over the Islamic State's success in recruiting would-be terrorists on social media proposed on Thursday that the U.S. government create more viral memes, possibly with Hollywood's help.
''There's an obvious piece of legislation that we need to start working on,'' Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wisc., said during a Homeland Security Committee hearing on ''Jihad 2.0''.
''Let's face it: We invented the Internet. We invented the social network sites. We've got Hollywood. We've got the capabilities '... to blow these guys out of the water from the standpoint of communications.''
Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., backed his colleague's appeal. ''Look at their fancy memes compared to what we're not doing,'' Booker said, displaying examples of jihadist online postings.
Booker is a prolific user of Twitter and a former viral sensation in his own right, as mayor of Newark. He said he knows ''something about memes,'' and added that ''there are easy tactics how to get more voice, virality to messaging that we're not using as a government.''
Instead, he lamented, the U.S. is spending ''millions and millions of dollars on old school forms of media,'' like Voice of America.
Sen. Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H., said that the private sector could play a greater role working with the government in any counter-recruitment initiative.
Here's a clip from the hearing:
Also at the hearing, Peter Bergen, a senior New America Foundation national security expert, testified in favor of more lenient treatment for would-be fighters who reverse course before fully committing themselves.
He noted that Muslim families who see a son or daughter radicalizing online are deterred from reporting the matter to the FBI out of fear that he or she will be thrown in jail for more than a decade.
''If somebody is not actually indicted for a potential act of terrorism, but merely for trying to go to Syria, we should be thinking about off-ramps that aren't 15 years in prisons,'' Bergen said.
Sam Sacks is a writer and reporter living in Washington, D.C. He is the co-founder of the watchdog news site The District Sentinel.
Photo: Screengrab of Cory Booker at Senate hearing
Won't you join FFRF in our critical work to promote nontheism and defend the constitutional separation between religion and government? With more than 21,500 members, the nonprofit FFRF works as an effective state/church watchdog and voice for freethought (atheism, agnosticism, skepticism).
by Prince3EG published on 2015/05/09 08:48:09 +0000 BALTIMORE recorded at Paisley Park Studios, Chanhassen, Minnesota on http://www.myfoxtwincities.com/story/28955948/exclusive-prince-releases-baltimore-in-peaceful-protest-at-paisley-park#.VUP6Oy9kEJc.twitter. The original recording subsequently became a demo when Prince, that very same night - all alone in Studio A, played all the instruments on an entire new version of the song. The next morning Joshua Welton and Kirk Johnson transferred Prince's tracks in2 Studio B. and mixing began. As the song neared completion at Prince's behest Eryn Allen Kane graciously flew in on a moment's notice and graced the track with her angelic presence. Speaking of presence, Prince was not during Eryn's vocal sessions. After being given the green light by Prince, via the studio intercom, Ms. Kane basically listened down 2 the track a few times and instinctively knew what was needed. A powerhouse vocal arranger and producer in her own right - check this out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uImvs9X9duY the song grew wings instantly once Her had been laid down. The only thing left 2 do now was 2 find an ace mixing engineer who has a love 4 the smooth wave of analog but would still pack the punch the performances deserve. Dylan Dresdow was the 1st and only choice. He instantly understood the importance of the song and did an excellent job in the delivery of this "baby." Please know that all involved in this project never take for granted the privileges we have in this country. Let's all continue to fight the good fight and confront inhumanity on every level until the day it is no longer.
